An integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device

Abstract

An integrated miniature optical focusing switching and detection device includes a switching feedback section and a focusing section. The switching feedback section includes a transition plate, a base plate, a lower prism tube, an aperture window, an upper prism tube, a cylindrical mirror pressure plate, a feedback camera tube, a feedback camera, a far-field camera, a fiber optic adjustment frame, a fiber optic tube holder, a gear assembly, a switching stepper motor, a fiber optic head, and a switching wheel bracket. The focusing section includes a focusing stepper motor, a displacement stage, a focusing photoelectric switch, and a signal baffle. This invention combines far-field detection, laser feedback, and temperature-based focusing compensation to achieve modular application of beacon laser components. It is suitable for use in complex environments with vibration and high / low temperature requirements, such as vehicle-mounted and shipborne applications. It is lightweight, compact, requires little installation space, and is not prone to light obstruction or shading. It exhibits high stability, with all components securely mounted, high modal frequencies, corrosion resistance, and can withstand the vibration and high / low temperature environmental requirements specified in GJB standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to optical focusing and switching technology, specifically an optical detection device with precise optical path focusing, two-position attenuator switching, feedback, and far-field camera detection. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of an optical system, the relative distance between the object being photographed and the optical system always changes. According to Gaussian formula 1 / u + 1 / v = 1 / f, when f is the focal length, the image distance v of the optical system will also change for different object distances u. To ensure that objects at different distances are correctly imaged on the focal plane to obtain a clear image, the distance v between the lens and the imaging plane must be adjusted constantly to adapt to changes in object distance u. Simultaneously, to prevent high-powered light from damaging optical components, optical attenuators with light-absorbing properties are generally added to the optical path system. The light intensity is controlled by switching between attenuators with different transmittance.

[0003] Traditional optical systems use separate focusing and switching devices. While these separate components offer convenience for installation and debugging, they also result in a large footprint, complex structure, and poor stability, limiting their application to laboratory settings and making them unsuitable for complex environments involving small spaces, vibration, and extreme temperatures. Therefore, integrating these two components requires careful consideration of overall layout compactness and rationality to prevent excessively large mounting surfaces, lack of reference points, and poor beam stability. Simultaneously, it necessitates addressing the installation and adjustment of individual lenses, as well as the metal expansion caused by the high temperatures (60–80°C) of the camera and motor, to prevent optical path misalignment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes an integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device. By combining "far-field detection, laser feedback, and temperature focusing compensation," it enables the modular application of small components of the beacon laser, achieving the characteristics of light weight, compact structure, and strong stability. It is suitable for use in complex environments such as vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted applications with vibration and high / low temperature requirements.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] An integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device, characterized in that it includes a switching feedback section;

[0007] The switching feedback section includes a transition plate and a base plate fixed on the transition plate. A fiber optic tube holder, a switching wheel bracket, and a lower prism tube are fixed on the base plate respectively. An upper prism tube, a cylindrical mirror pressure plate, a feedback camera tube, and a feedback camera are coaxially mounted on the lower prism tube from bottom to top. Through holes and aperture windows are provided on opposite sides of the upper prism tube respectively.

[0008] The rotating shaft of the switching wheel bracket is connected to a large gear, which rotates through a switching stepper motor connected to a small gear. The large gear is provided with a fan-shaped through hole for the fiber optic tube to pass through and two grooves. The grooves are used to place the attenuator, and the attenuator is locked by a pressure ring.

[0009] A fiber optic adjustment frame and a far-field camera frame for placing a far-field camera are fixed at an upper and lower position on one side of the fiber optic tube holder. The fiber optic tube passes through the fiber optic tube holder and the large gear, and is fixed to the side of the upper prism tube with a through hole.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a focusing section; the focusing section includes a focusing stepper motor and a displacement stage; the transition plate can be moved on the displacement stage by the focusing stepper motor.

[0011] Preferably, the focusing stepper motor is installed at the end of the displacement stage, driving the lead screw of the displacement stage to rotate and achieve forward and backward movement.

[0012] Preferably, the side of the displacement stage is also provided with a left focusing photoelectric switch and a right focusing photoelectric switch, which are used to provide left and right limit signals for focusing; the side of the displacement stage is also provided with a signal baffle, which is used to block the photoelectric switches and to compensate for the optical path defocusing caused by temperature.

[0013] Preferably, a left photoelectric switch and a right photoelectric switch are respectively installed on the sides of the fiber optic tube holder and the upper prism tube to control the switching of the stepper motor.

[0014] Preferably, the large gear is provided with a left limit post and a right limit post, which serve as left and right dead stops when the large gear rotates, to prevent the photoelectric switch from suddenly losing power or malfunctioning, which could lead to structural damage.

[0015] Preferably, the transition plate, base plate, lower prism tube, upper prism tube, feedback camera tube, far-field camera frame, and fiber optic tube holder are all made of 4J32 low-expansion alloy to prevent the structural components from expanding and deforming due to overheating of the switching stepper motor.

[0016] Preferably, the pinion and gear are made of PA66 to prevent the generation of powder and particles during meshing.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1) By combining "far-field detection, laser feedback, and temperature focusing compensation", the beacon laser is modularly applied to small components. It is suitable for use in complex environments with vibration and high and low temperature requirements, such as vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted applications. It is also lightweight, compact in structure, requires little installation space, and is not prone to blocking or obstructing light.

[0019] It has high stability, all components are installed and fastened together, high modal frequency (first-order mode reaches above 120Hz), corrosion resistance, and can withstand the environmental requirements of vibration, high and low temperature as required by GJB.

[0020] 2) The overall layout is compact and reasonable, adopting a vertical stacked integration method. The installation reference is the bottom surface, and the base surface occupies a small area. Each lens frame adopts a concave-convex reference type, which serves as a reference to ensure the coaxiality of the optical axis. Each lens frame can independently adjust the lens, and the structure does not need to be disassembled as a whole. The mounting base of the camera and motor is made of 4J32 low expansion alloy to prevent the metal structure from expanding due to heat and to prevent the heat from being transferred to the lens, causing the optical path to deviate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working optical path of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the components of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the switching feedback section of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gear assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the focusing part of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Switching feedback section; 2. Focusing section; 3. Transition plate; 4. Base plate; 5. Lower prism tube; 6. Aperture window; 7. Upper prism tube; 8. Cylindrical mirror pressure plate; 9. Feedback camera tube; 10. Feedback camera; 11. Far-field camera mount; 12. Far-field camera; 13. Fiber optic adjustment frame; 14. Fiber optic tube holder; 15. Gear assembly; 16. Switching stepper motor; 17. Fiber optic head; 18. Switching wheel bracket; 19. Small gear; 20. Large gear; 21. Left baffle; 22. Left limit post; 23. Left photoelectric switch; 24. Right baffle; 25. Right limit post; 26. Attenuator pressure ring; 27. Attenuator; 28. Right photoelectric switch; 29. ​​Focusing stepper motor; 30. Precision displacement stage; 31. Left focusing photoelectric switch; 32. Signal baffle; 33. Right focusing photoelectric switch; and 34. Fiber optic tube. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides an integrated small optical focusing switching detection device that is lightweight, compact in structure, and highly stable, comprising a switching feedback section 1 and a focusing section 2.

[0031] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the switching feedback section 1 mainly includes a transition plate 3, a base plate 4, a lower prism tube 5, an aperture window 6, an upper prism tube 7, a cylindrical mirror pressure plate 8, a feedback camera tube 9, a feedback camera 10, a far-field camera mount 11, a far-field camera 12, a fiber optic adjustment frame 13, a fiber optic tube holder 14, a gear assembly 15, a switching stepper motor 16, a fiber optic head 17, a switching wheel bracket 18, and a fiber optic tube 34. The entire assembly adopts a vertically stacked design, with components installed sequentially from bottom to top. The base plate 4 is mounted on the transition plate 3, facilitating the quick installation and replacement of the switching feedback section 1 and the focusing section 2. The far-field camera 12 is mounted on the far-field camera mount 11, and the fiber optic head 17 is mounted on the fiber optic adjustment frame 13, allowing the fiber optic cable to be manually adjusted and secured in the axial / radial direction. The far-field camera mount 11 and the fiber optic adjustment frame 13 are mounted on the fiber optic tube holder 14 in an up-down position. The small gear 19 of the gear assembly is mounted on the switching stepper motor 16, forming a gear pair with the large gear 20. The large gear 20 is mounted in the middle of the switching wheel bracket 18 and can rotate axially. The fiber optic tube 34 passes through the fan-shaped through holes on the fiber optic tube holder 14 and the large gear 20, and is inserted into the side of the upper prism tube 7 with the through hole. The fiber optic adjustment frame 13 drives the fiber optic tube 34 to be axially extended and retracted along the through hole of the fiber optic tube holder 14.

[0032] The operation is as follows: the far-field laser passes through the beam splitter in the lower prism tube 5 and the switchable attenuator 27 in the gear assembly 15, illuminating the far-field camera 12 for far-field detection; the beacon laser is introduced through the fiber optic head 17, passes through the focal length conversion mirror in the fiber optic tube 34, the polarizing beam splitter (PBS) in the upper prism tube 7, and the beam splitter in the lower prism tube 5, then exits along the aforementioned optical path, returns along the same path on a reflective surface of the reference window, passes through the filter mounted on the upper part of the upper prism tube 7 and the cylindrical lens in the cylindrical mirror pressure plate 8, and then illuminates the feedback camera 10. When the component is in a high or low temperature environment and the focal length of the optical path changes, the focusing section 2 will perform micro / nano-level fine-tuning to ensure the stability of the optical path.

[0033] like Figure 5As shown, the gear assembly 15 mainly includes a small gear 19, a large gear 20, a left baffle 21, a left limiting post 22, a left photoelectric switch 23, a right baffle 24, a right limiting post 25, an attenuator pressure ring 26, an attenuator 27, and a right photoelectric switch 28. The small gear 19 and the large gear 20 mesh and rotate to achieve mutual switching of the attenuation plates 27 in two gear positions. The left baffle 21, left limit post 22, right baffle 24, right limit post 25, attenuation plate retaining ring 26, and attenuation plate 27 are all installed on the large gear 20. The attenuation plate retaining ring 26 is used to fasten the attenuation plate 27 placed in the groove of the large gear 20 to prevent shaking or loosening. The left photoelectric switch 23 and the right photoelectric switch 28 are respectively installed on the side of the fiber optic tube base 14 and the upper prism tube 7 to control the left and right positioning signals of the switching stepper motor 16. The left limit post 22 and the right limit post 25 are the left and right dead stops when the gears rotate to prevent the photoelectric switches from suddenly losing power or malfunctioning, which could cause structural damage.

[0034] like Figure 6 As shown, the focusing section 2 mainly includes a focusing stepper motor 29, a displacement stage 30, a left focusing photoelectric switch 31, a signal baffle 32, and a right focusing photoelectric switch 33. The focusing stepper motor 29 is installed at the end of the displacement stage 30, driving the displacement stage screw to rotate and achieve forward and backward movement. The left focusing photoelectric switch 31 and the right focusing photoelectric switch 33 are installed on the side of the displacement stage 30 to provide left and right limit signals for focusing. The signal baffle 32 is installed on the side of the moving table to block the photoelectric switches.

[0035] The device allows for switching between two attenuator and filter positions to meet the varying light intensities required by the optical system; it also features micron-level focusing to accommodate focal length changes; and it meets environmental requirements specified in GJB 150.10A-2009 and 16A-2009 standards. Overall component diagrams and actual usage illustrations are shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0036] The above-described specific implementations can be partially adjusted by those skilled in the art in different ways without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and is not limited to the above-described specific implementations. All implementation schemes within the scope of the claims are bound by the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device, characterized in that, This includes the switching feedback section and the focusing section; The switching feedback section includes a transition plate (3) and a base plate (4) fixed on the transition plate (3). A fiber optic tube holder (14), a switching wheel bracket (18), and a lower prism tube (5) are fixed on the base plate (4). An upper prism tube (7), a cylindrical mirror pressure plate, a feedback camera tube, and a feedback camera are coaxially mounted on the lower prism tube (5) from bottom to top. Through holes and aperture windows (6) are provided on opposite sides of the upper prism tube (7). The rotating shaft of the switching wheel bracket (18) is connected to the large gear (20), which rotates through the switching stepper motor (16) connected to the small gear (19); the large gear (20) is provided with a fan-shaped through hole for the fiber tube (34) to pass through and two grooves, which are used to place the attenuator (27) and the attenuator pressure ring (26) to lock it; A fiber optic adjustment frame (13) and a far-field camera frame (11) for placing a far-field camera (12) are fixed on one side of the fiber optic tube holder (14) at the upper and lower positions. The fiber optic tube (34) passes through the fiber optic tube holder (14) and the large gear (20) and is fixed to the side of the upper prism tube (7) with a through hole. The focusing section includes a focusing stepper motor (29) and a displacement stage (30); the transition plate (3) can move on the displacement stage (30) by the focusing stepper motor (29); The focusing stepper motor (29) is installed at the end of the displacement stage (30) and drives the lead screw of the displacement stage (30) to rotate to achieve forward and backward movement; The far-field laser is irradiated onto the far-field camera (12) through the beam splitter in the lower prism tube (5) and the switchable attenuator (27) in the gear assembly (15), enabling far-field detection. The beacon laser is introduced through the fiber optic head (17), passes through the focal length conversion mirror in the fiber optic tube (34), the polarization beam splitter in the upper prism tube (7), and the beam splitter in the lower prism tube (5), and returns along the original path on a reflective surface of the reference window. After passing through the filter installed on the upper part of the upper prism tube (7) and the cylindrical lens in the cylindrical mirror pressure plate (8), it irradiates the feedback camera (10). When the component is in a high or low temperature environment and the focal length of the optical path changes, the focusing part (2) will perform micro / nano-level fine adjustment to ensure the stability of the optical path.

2. The integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement stage (30) is also provided with a left focusing photoelectric switch (31) and a right focusing photoelectric switch (33) on its side, which are used to provide left and right limit signals for focusing; the displacement stage (30) is also provided with a signal baffle (32) on its side, which is used to block the photoelectric switch and to compensate for the optical path defocusing caused by temperature.

3. The integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A left photoelectric switch (23) and a right photoelectric switch (28) are respectively installed on the side of the fiber optic tube holder (14) and the upper prism tube (7) to control the switching of the stepper motor (16).

4. The integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large gear (20) is provided with a left limit post (22) and a right limit post (25) as left and right dead stops when the large gear rotates, to prevent the photoelectric switch from suddenly losing power or malfunctioning, which would cause the structure to be damaged.

5. The integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition plate (3), base plate (4), lower prism tube (5), upper prism tube (7), feedback camera tube (9), far-field camera mount (11) and fiber optic tube mount (14) are all made of 4J32 low-expansion alloy to prevent the switching stepper motor (16) from overheating and causing expansion and deformation of each structural component.

6. The integrated miniature optical focusing switching detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pinion (19) and gear (20) are made of PA66 to prevent the generation of powder and particles during meshing.

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