Controllable electrochromic device and optical performance regulation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity, and discloses a controllable electrochromic device, an optical performance regulation method and application thereof. The controllable electrochromic device comprises an electrochromic device and a current control device. The current control device controls the electrochromic device by using the formula shown in the description. The optical performance regulation method of the application does not need to introduce additional light sensing elements and devices to continuously monitor the electrochromic device in real time, which not only reduces the complexity of the whole electrochromic optical regulation system, but also realizes accurate regulation of the optical performance of the electrochromic device, reduces energy consumption and cost. The optical regulation accuracy error of the optical performance regulation method is less than 5%, and even less than 1%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optoelectronic technology, and specifically relates to a controllable electrochromic device and its optical performance regulation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochromic technology is widely used due to its advantages such as low energy consumption and dynamically adjustable optical properties. For example, it is applied in fields such as adaptive infrared protection, optical camouflage, smart windows, and anti-glare rearview mirrors. With the development of modern science and technology, there is an urgent need for high-precision optical control technology for electrochromic devices. Therefore, developing advanced dynamic optical control technology and its high-precision controllable adjustment methods has become a research hotspot. However, there is a lack of effective and convenient methods for high-precision control of the optical performance of electrochromic devices. On the one hand, different electrochemical oxidation-reduction reactions are involved in the dynamic optical performance modulation process of electrochromic devices; on the other hand, conventional optical performance control methods are often based on voltage control, which suffers from voltage hysteresis, leading to a decrease in control accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, existing technologies require real-time continuous monitoring of the optical performance of electrochromic devices, dynamically obtaining the desired optical characteristics based on external optical performance requirements. However, this process not only causes continuous energy consumption but also requires additional and complex devices (such as photosensitive elements) to monitor optical performance, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency, low cost, and low energy consumption for optical control technology in different scenarios.

[0003] Current technologies for controlling the optical performance of electrochromic devices primarily employ photosensitive elements to continuously monitor the optical performance of the devices in real time. This feedback signal is then used to adjust the voltage or current, thereby controlling the electrochromic device and achieving the desired optical performance (e.g., a control method and electrochromic glass disclosed in patent application number 202010383716.X; and an electrochromic system, control method, and electrochromic rearview mirror disclosed in patent application number 201710233384.5). However, controlling the optical performance of electrochromic devices by adjusting the operating voltage suffers from voltage hysteresis, making precise control difficult. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of the optical performance requires additional photosensitive elements and analysis devices, increasing the complexity of the optical control system and raising costs and energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a controllable electrochromic device and its optical performance regulation method. This controllable electrochromic device does not require the introduction of additional photosensitive elements and devices for real-time continuous monitoring of the electrochromic device, which not only reduces the complexity of the regulation system, but also enables precise regulation of the optical performance of the electrochromic device, thereby reducing energy consumption and lowering costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a controllable electrochromic device, its optical performance control method, and its application. The controllable electrochromic device does not require the introduction of an additional photosensitive element. The optical performance control method does not require the introduction of an additional photosensitive element and device for real-time continuous monitoring of the electrochromic device, which not only reduces the complexity of the controllable electrochromic device (which can also be called an electrochromic optical control system), but also enables precise control of its optical performance, reducing energy consumption and lowering costs.

[0006] The inventive concept of this invention is as follows: This invention discloses a controllable electrochromic device that does not rely on additional photosensitive elements or devices for real-time monitoring of the electrochromic device. By accurately evaluating the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the electrochromic device during different electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes, and then combining this with precise control of the effective transfer of charge density during continuous electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes, precise quantitative regulation of the optical performance of the electrochromic device can be achieved.

[0007] Based on the electrochemical regulation theory of electrochromic technology, this invention discloses a simple optical performance regulation method. This method does not require the introduction of additional photosensitive elements or devices for real-time continuous monitoring of electrochromic devices, which not only reduces the complexity of the entire electrochromic optical regulation system, but also enables precise regulation of its optical performance, reduces energy consumption, and lowers costs.

[0008] This invention utilizes the differences in electro-optical conversion efficiency arising from different redox processes within an electrochromic device, combined with simple control of effective charge transfer during electrochemical redox processes, to achieve high-precision quantitative control of the optical performance of electrochromic devices. The optical performance control method provided by this invention is simple, easy to operate, and enables high-precision control.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a controllable electrochromic device.

[0010] Specifically, a controllable electrochromic device, the controllable electrochromic device including an electrochromic device and a current control device;

[0011] The current control device controls the electrochromic device using the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] Where OD is the optical density required for the electrochromic process, OD0 is the initial optical density of the electrochromic device during the electrochromic process, and ε i Q represents the electro-optical conversion efficiency of different redox reactions during the electrochromic process.i I represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, N represents the number of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, and I represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. t Let t represent the current density at different times during the electrochromic process.

[0014] Preferably, the controllable electrochromic device further includes a voltage control device.

[0015] Preferably, the current control device includes an electrochemical workstation.

[0016] Preferably, the controllable electrochromic device further includes a current monitoring device and / or a voltage monitoring device.

[0017] Preferably, the controllable electrochromic device further includes a photometer.

[0018] Preferably, the photometer is an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer.

[0019] Preferably, a controllable electrochromic device includes an electrochromic device, an electrochemical workstation, and a photometer.

[0020] Preferably, the electrochromic device includes at least an electrochromic layer and a conductive substrate layer.

[0021] More preferably, the electrochromic device further includes an ion conductor layer and an ion storage layer.

[0022] Preferably, the electrochromic device has a structure of conductive substrate layer / electrochromic layer or conductive substrate layer / electrochromic layer / ion conductor layer / ion storage layer / conductive substrate layer. The conductive substrate layer can also be referred to as the electronic conductor layer.

[0023] Preferably, the material of the electrochromic layer includes at least one of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, manganese oxide, titanium oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium titanate, iridium oxide, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.

[0024] Preferably, the conductive substrate layer is made of at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), silver nanowires, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and poly(dioxyethylthiophene). When the conductive substrate layer is made of silver, gold, aluminum, or copper, the silver, gold, aluminum, or copper may have a porous structure.

[0025] Preferably, the material of the ion conductor layer includes at least one of carbonate electrolytes, ether electrolytes, sulfone electrolytes, phosphate electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, lithium niobate, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), tantalum oxide, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO), polyoxyethylene polymer electrolytes, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polymer electrolytes.

[0026] More preferably, the carbonate electrolyte includes at least one of propylene carbonate / LiClO4, propylene carbonate / NaClO4, and propylene carbonate / Al(ClO4)3.

[0027] More preferably, the ether electrolyte includes at least one of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / LiTFSI (LiTFSI refers to lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / NaTFSI (NaTFSI refers to sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide).

[0028] More preferably, the sulfone electrolyte includes at least one of sulfolane / LiFSI and sulfolane / NaFSI.

[0029] More preferably, the ether electrolyte includes at least one of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / LiTFSI and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / NaTFSI.

[0030] More preferably, the sulfone electrolyte includes at least one of sulfolane / LiFSI (LiFSI refers to lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide) and sulfolane / NaFSI (NaFSI refers to sodium bisfluorosulfonyl imide).

[0031] More preferably, the phosphate ester electrolyte includes at least one of diethyl phosphate / LiFSI and diethyl phosphate / NaFSI.

[0032] More preferably, the aqueous electrolyte includes at least one of water / ZnSO4, water / KCl, and water / ZnCl2.

[0033] Preferably, the material of the ion storage layer includes at least one of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, manganese oxide, titanium oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium titanate, iridium oxide, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.

[0034] Preferably, the thickness of the electrochromic device is 5nm-1100μm; more preferably, the thickness of the electrochromic device is 5nm-1000μm. The specific thickness of the electrochromic device can be 10nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 2μm, 10μm, 100μm, or 1000μm.

[0035] Preferably, the thickness of the electrochromic layer in the electrochromic device is 10 nm-1000 μm; more preferably, the thickness of the electrochromic layer in the electrochromic device is 50 nm-1000 μm. Specifically, the thickness of the electrochromic layer can be 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 100 μm, or 1000 μm.

[0036] Preferably, the electrochemical workstation operates in a two-electrode or three-electrode mode.

[0037] Preferably, when the electrochromic device has a structure of a conductive substrate / electrochromic layer, the electrochemical workstation operates in a three-electrode mode. The electrochromic device serves as the working electrode, platinum as the counter electrode, and Ag / AgCl as the reference electrode.

[0038] Preferably, when the electrochromic device has a structure of conductive substrate layer / electrochromic layer / ion conductor layer / ion storage layer / conductive substrate layer, the electrochemical workstation operates in a two-electrode mode. Specifically, the conductive substrate layer adjacent to the electrochromic layer serves as the working electrode, and the conductive substrate layer adjacent to the ion storage layer serves as both the counter electrode and the reference electrode.

[0039] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the optical performance of a controllable electrochromic device.

[0040] Specifically, a method for controlling the optical performance of a controllable electrochromic device includes the following steps:

[0041] The current control device is activated, and an electrochemical method is used to effectively transfer charge control during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device; thereby achieving quantitative and precise control of the optical performance of the electrochromic device.

[0042] Preferably, the voltage control device is activated simultaneously with the current control device, and then an electrochemical method is used to effectively transfer charge control the electrochemical reaction during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device.

[0043] Preferably, the electrochromic device is further monitored using a current monitoring device and / or a voltage monitoring device.

[0044] Preferably, the electrochemical method includes at least one of cyclic voltammetry, constant current method, constant voltage method, alternating current method, pulsed current method, alternating voltage method, pulsed voltage method, gradient voltage method, and gradient current method.

[0045] More preferably, the electrochemical method includes at least one of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic method, voltage-galvanostatic method, cyclic voltammetry-galvanostatic method, cyclic voltammetry-voltage-galvanostatic method, galvanostatic method-voltage-galvanostatic method, and cyclic voltammetry-voltage-galvanostatic method. Cyclic voltammetry-galvanostatic method means that cyclic voltammetry is used first, followed by voltage-galvanostatic method.

[0046] Preferably, the optical properties include at least one of optical density, optical transmittance, reflectance, emissivity, and chromaticity.

[0047] Preferably, the optical wavelengths involved in the optical performance include at least one of the X-ray region, ultraviolet region, visible light region, infrared region, microwave region, and radio wave region.

[0048] Preferably, the optical performance of the electrochromic device is tested using a photometer to obtain the desired optical performance.

[0049] Preferably, a method for controlling the optical performance of a controllable electrochromic device includes the following steps:

[0050] Start the electrochemical workstation and use electrochemical methods to effectively control the charge transfer of the electrochemical reactions during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device;

[0051] By combining the principles of optical control, the optical performance of electrochromic devices is quantitatively and precisely controlled. The optical performance of electrochromic devices is tested using a photometer to obtain the desired optical performance.

[0052] Preferably, the optical control uses the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Wherein, OD is the optical density (or optical absorptivity) required for the electrochromic process, OD0 is the initial optical density (or initial optical absorptivity) of the electrochromic device during the electrochromic process, and ε i Q represents the electro-optical conversion efficiency of different redox reactions during the electrochromic process. i I represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, N represents the number of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, and I represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. t Let represent the current density at different times t during the electrochromic process. Based on the formula shown in the optical control principle, and by controlling the charge and monitoring the voltage range during the electrochemical regulation process, the optical density of the electrochromic device can be quantitatively and precisely controlled without the need for additional photosensitive elements or devices to continuously monitor the electrochromic device.

[0055] Preferably, the optical control accuracy error of the optical performance control method is less than 5%; more preferably, the optical control accuracy error of the optical performance control method is less than 4%, or even less than 3% or less than 1%. Optical control accuracy error refers to the error between the theoretical value and the measured value.

[0056] Preferably, the method for preparing the electrochromic device includes at least one of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical method, and coating method.

[0057] More preferably, the physical vapor deposition method includes magnetron sputtering or evaporation. When the electrochromic layer material is inorganic, physical vapor deposition is used to prepare the electrochromic device.

[0058] When the electrochromic layer is made of organic material, electrochemical methods and coating methods are used to prepare electrochromic devices. For example, electrochromic devices can be prepared by electropolymerizing organic monomers and depositing them on a conductive substrate, or by spin coating or blade coating of organic materials onto a conductive substrate.

[0059] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-described controllable electrochromic device or the method for controlling the optical performance of the controllable electrochromic device.

[0060] Specifically, this invention relates to the application of the above-mentioned controllable electrochromic device or the above-mentioned optical performance modulation method in the optoelectronic field.

[0061] Preferably, the optoelectronic field includes photochromic glass, infrared protection, optical camouflage, smart windows, or anti-glare rearview mirrors.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0063] (1) The controllable electrochromic device of the present invention includes an electrochromic device and a current control device, wherein the current control device controls the electrochromic device by means of the following formula: The controllable electrochromic device is an optical performance control system that does not rely on additional photosensitive elements or devices for real-time monitoring of the electrochromic device. By accurately evaluating the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the electrochromic device during different electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes, and then combining this with precise control of the effective transfer of charge density during continuous electrochemical oxidation-reduction, the controllable electrochromic device achieves precise quantitative control of its optical performance.

[0064] (2) The optical performance control method of the present invention does not require the introduction of additional photosensitive elements and devices for real-time continuous monitoring of the electrochromic device, which not only reduces the complexity of the entire electrochromic optical control system, but also enables precise control of its optical performance, reducing energy consumption and lowering costs. The optical control accuracy error of the optical performance control method is less than 5%, or even less than 1%. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 The optical transmittance (measured value) controlled by cyclic voltammetry and monitored in real time, as well as the effective transferred charge density and optical density, are corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 The optical transmittance (measured value) and effective transferred charge density and optical density are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of the optical performance control method in Embodiment 17 of the present invention, respectively.

[0067] Figure 3 The optical transmittance (measured value) controlled by cyclic voltammetry and monitored in real time, as well as the effective transferred charge density and optical density, are corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 34 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 4 The optical transmittance (measured value) and effective transferred charge density and optical density are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of the optical performance control method in Embodiment 35 of the present invention, respectively.

[0069] Figure 5 The optical transmittance (measured value) and real-time monitoring corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 38 of the present invention are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring, as well as electro-optical conversion efficiency in different redox reaction processes.

[0070] Figure 6 The constant voltage method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of optical transmittance (measured value), as well as effective transferred charge density and optical density, correspond to the optical performance control method of Embodiment 47 of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 7 The first derivative of the cyclic voltammetry control (theoretical value) and real-time optical density corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 45 of the present invention, and the effective transferred charge density and optical density (measured value) obtained by the constant current method and time control in Embodiment 46. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions described in this invention, the following embodiments are provided for illustration. It should be noted that the following embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0073] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples are available from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by existing known methods.

[0074] Examples 1-33: Controllable electrochromic devices and optical performance modulation methods

[0075] A controllable electrochromic device includes an electrochromic device, an electrochemical workstation, and an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectrophotometer;

[0076] Electrochromic devices are used as working electrodes in electrochemical workstations;

[0077] An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic layer and a conductive substrate layer. The electrochromic layer is made of tungsten oxide, and the conductive substrate layer is made of ITO glass. The electrochromic layer is located on the surface of the conductive substrate layer.

[0078] The fabrication method of the electrochromic device is as follows: an electrochromic layer is deposited on ITO glass by magnetron sputtering, and the thickness of the electrochromic layer is controlled by the sputtering time of the magnetron sputtering method (depositing material layers on ITO glass by magnetron sputtering is a conventional technique in this field).

[0079] The optical performance control method for the above-mentioned controllable electrochromic device includes the following steps:

[0080] Start the electrochemical workstation and use electrochemical methods to effectively control the charge transfer of the electrochemical reactions during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device;

[0081] Based on the principle of optical control, the optical performance of electrochromic devices is quantitatively controlled. The optical performance (optical density) of electrochromic devices is measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer to obtain the desired optical performance (optical density).

[0082] The formula used for optical control is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Where OD is the optical density required for the electrochromic process, OD0 is the initial optical density of the electrochromic device during the electrochromic process, and ε i Q represents the electro-optical conversion efficiency of different redox reactions during the electrochromic process. iI0 represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, where the electro-optical conversion efficiency depends only on the redox reactions occurring during electrochromism and the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material, and is independent of current density, charge density, etc. N represents the number of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, and I0 represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. t Let represent the current density at different times t during the electrochromic process. Based on the formula shown in the optical control principle, and by controlling the charge and monitoring the voltage range during the electrochemical regulation process, the optical density of the electrochromic device can be quantitatively and precisely controlled without the need for additional photosensitive elements or devices to continuously monitor the electrochromic device.

[0085] The electrochemical workstation operates with a three-electrode configuration, using an electrochromic device as the working electrode, platinum as the counter electrode, Ag / AgCl as the reference electrode, and LiClO4 / propylene carbonate solution as the electrolyte.

[0086] The parameters and results of the process of controlling the optical performance (optical density) of electrochromic devices using the above method in Examples 1-33 are shown in Table 1 (the theoretical values ​​of optical density in Table 1 are calculated by the above formula, and the measured values ​​of optical density are measured by a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer).

[0087] Taking Example 31 as an example, the electrochromic device is first colored using the cyclic voltammetry method with a cutoff voltage of -0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl). Then, the coloring is controlled by the constant current method with a cutoff voltage of -1.0V (vs. Ag / AgCl). When the control wavelength of the electrochromic device is 550nm, a controllable electrochromic device with an optical density of 0.703 can be obtained.

[0088] Table 1: Control parameters and results of Examples 1-33

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention employs the following optical control principle: By evaluating the electro-optical conversion efficiency of tungsten oxide electrochromic materials and precisely controlling the charge during different electrochemical processes, the optical performance (optical density) of electrochromic devices can be effectively controlled, exhibiting high control precision, with optical density errors generally less than 1%.

[0093] Examples 34-44: Controllable electrochromic devices and optical performance modulation methods

[0094] Compared with Examples 1-33, Examples 34-44 changed the type of material of the electrochromic layer, while the rest of the process was similar to that of Examples 1-33. The specific control parameters and results are shown in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2: Control parameters and results of Examples 34-44

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Table 2, the optical performance control method of the electrochromic device proposed in this invention exhibits high optical performance control accuracy when applied to different electrochromic material systems, with optical density errors generally less than 1%.

[0099] Examples 45-60: Controllable electrochromic devices and optical performance modulation methods

[0100] A controllable electrochromic device includes an electrochromic device, an electrochemical workstation, and an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectrophotometer;

[0101] Electrochromic devices are used as working electrodes in electrochemical workstations;

[0102] The electrochromic device has the following structure: conductive substrate layer / electrochromic layer / ion conductor layer / ion storage layer / conductive substrate layer. Tungsten oxide serves as the electrochromic layer, lithium niobate as the ion conductor layer, nickel oxide or lithium manganese oxide as the ion storage layer, and ITO glass as the conductive substrate layer. The electrochromic device is fabricated using magnetron sputtering, and the thickness of each layer is controlled by the sputtering time. The thicknesses of the conductive substrate layer / electrochromic layer / ion conductor layer / ion storage layer / conductive substrate layer are 120 nm, 300 nm, 200 nm, 400 nm, and 300 nm, respectively.

[0103] The optical performance control method for the above-mentioned controllable electrochromic device includes the following steps:

[0104] The electrochemical workstation is started, and electrochemical methods are used to effectively control the charge transfer during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device (for example, in Example 45, cyclic voltammetry (scan rate of 0.05 V / s) is used to control the effective charge transfer, with an operating voltage range from -1.5 V to 2.0 V; in Example 46, a constant current method (current density of 0.1 mA / cm²) is used). 2The effective charge transfer is controlled within a voltage range of -1.5V to 2.0V; in Example 47, a constant voltage method (operating voltage of -1.5V) is used to control the effective charge transfer for a duration of 40s.

[0105] Based on the principle of optical control, the optical performance of electrochromic devices is quantitatively controlled. The optical performance (optical density) of the electrochromic device is measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer to obtain the desired optical performance (optical density). To demonstrate the advanced nature of the control method of this invention, in-situ optical performance monitoring is employed during the electrochemical control process of the electrochromic device's optical performance to evaluate the error between the measured optical density and the theoretical value.

[0106] The formula used for optical control is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Where OD is the optical density required for the electrochromic process, OD0 is the initial optical density of the electrochromic device during the electrochromic process, and ε i Q represents the electro-optical conversion efficiency of different redox reactions during the electrochromic process. i I0 represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, where the electro-optical conversion efficiency depends only on the redox reactions occurring during electrochromism and the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material, and is independent of current density, charge density, etc. N represents the number of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism, and I0 represents the effective transfer charge density of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. t Let represent the current density at different times t during the electrochromic process. Based on the formula shown in the optical control principle, and by controlling the charge and monitoring the voltage range during the electrochemical regulation process, the optical density of the electrochromic device can be quantitatively and precisely controlled without the need for additional photosensitive elements or devices to continuously monitor the electrochromic device.

[0109] The electrochemical workstation operates using a two-electrode configuration, where the conductive substrate layer adjacent to the electrochromic layer in the electrochromic device serves as the working electrode, and the conductive substrate layer adjacent to the ion storage layer serves as both the counter electrode and the reference electrode.

[0110] The parameters and results of the process of controlling the optical performance (optical density) of electrochromic devices using the above method in Examples 45-60 are shown in Table 3 (the theoretical optical density values ​​in Table 3 are calculated using the above formula, and the measured optical density values ​​are measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer; M in the table represents mol / L).

[0111] Table 3: Control parameters and results of Examples 45-60

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] As shown in Table 3, the control method of the present invention also has high optical performance control accuracy for electrochromic devices with multilayer structures, and the optical density error is generally less than 1%.

[0116] Figure 1 The optical transmittance (measured value) controlled by cyclic voltammetry and monitored in real time, as well as the effective transferred charge density and optical density, are corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) The left vertical axis “Areacurrent” represents the area current, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents the transmittance, the horizontal axis “Potential” represents the potential, “Bleaching” represents bleaching, and “Coloring” represents coloring. Figure 1 (b) The left vertical axis “Area capacity” represents the area capacity, the right vertical axis “Optical density” represents the optical density, the horizontal axis “Potential” represents the electric potential, “Bleaching” represents bleaching, and “Coloring” represents coloring.

[0117] Figure 2 The optical transmittance (measured value) and effective transferred charge density and optical density are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of the optical performance control method in Embodiment 17 of the present invention, respectively. Figure 2 (a) The left vertical axis “Potential” represents electric potential, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents transmittance, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents time. Figure 2 (b) The left vertical axis “Area capacity” represents the area capacity, the right vertical axis “Optical density” represents the optical density, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents the time.

[0118] Figure 3 The optical transmittance (measured value) controlled by cyclic voltammetry and monitored in real time, as well as the effective transferred charge density and optical density, are corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 34 of the present invention. Figure 3(a) The left vertical axis “Areacurrent” represents the area current, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents the transmittance, the horizontal axis “Potential” represents the potential, “Bleaching” represents bleaching, and “Coloring” represents coloring. Figure 3 (b) The left vertical axis “Area Current” represents the area current, the right vertical axis “Derivative of OD” represents the derivative of optical density, and the horizontal axis “Potential” represents the electric potential.

[0119] Figure 4 The optical transmittance (measured value) and effective transferred charge density and optical density are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of the optical performance control method in Embodiment 35 of the present invention, respectively. Figure 4 (a) The left vertical axis “Potential” represents electric potential, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents transmittance, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents time. Figure 4 (b) The left vertical axis “Area capacity” represents the area capacity, the right vertical axis “Optical density” represents the optical density, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents the time.

[0120] Figure 5 The optical transmittance (measured value) and real-time monitoring corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 38 of the present invention are obtained by constant current method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring, as well as electro-optical conversion efficiency in different redox reaction processes. Figure 5 (a) The left vertical axis “Area current” represents the area current, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents the transmittance, and the horizontal axis “Potential” represents the potential. Figure 5 (b) The left vertical axis “Optical density” represents optical density, and the horizontal axis “Area capacity” represents area capacity.

[0121] Figure 6 The constant voltage method and time control (theoretical value) and real-time monitoring of optical transmittance (measured value), as well as effective transferred charge density and optical density, correspond to the optical performance control method of Embodiment 47 of the present invention. Figure 6 (a) The left vertical axis “Area current” represents the area current, the right vertical axis “Transmittance” represents the transmittance, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents the time. Figure 6(b) The left vertical axis “Area capacity” represents the area capacity, the right vertical axis “Optical density” represents the optical density, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents the time.

[0122] Figure 7 The first derivative of the cyclic voltammetry control (theoretical value) and real-time optical density corresponding to the optical performance regulation method in Embodiment 45 of the present invention, and the effective transferred charge density and optical density (measured value) obtained by the constant current method and time control in Embodiment 46. Figure 7 (a) The left vertical axis “Area current” represents the area current, and the right vertical axis “1” represents the area current. st "-orderDerivative of OD" represents the first derivative of optical density, and the horizontal axis "Time" represents time. Figure 7 (b) The left vertical axis “Area capacity” represents the area capacity, the right vertical axis “Optical density” represents the optical density, and the horizontal axis “Time” represents the time.

[0123] from Figure 1-7 As can be seen, combining cyclic voltammetry with in-situ optical monitoring can accurately assess the electro-optical conversion efficiency of electrochromic devices. Based on this, different effective charge transfer control methods, such as cyclic voltammetry and constant current methods, can precisely control the optical performance of electrochromic devices.

[0124] The optical performance control method of the present invention can also be applied to electrochromic devices containing organic-inorganic composite electrochromic materials.

[0125] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable electrochromic device, characterized in that, The controllable electrochromic device includes an electrochromic device and a current control device; The current control device controls the electrochromic device using the following formula: ； in, OD To provide the optical density required for the electrochromic process, OD 0 represents the initial optical density of the electrochromic device during the electrochromic process. ε i The electro-optical conversion efficiency represents the different redox reactions during the electrochromic process. Q i The effective transfer charge density for the different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. N The number of different redox reactions occurring during electrochromism. I t Different moments in the electrochromic process t The current density.

2. The controllable electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrochromic device includes at least an electrochromic layer and a conductive substrate layer.

3. The controllable electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable electrochromic device also includes a voltage control device.

4. The controllable electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current control device includes an electrochemical workstation.

5. The controllable electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable electrochromic device also includes a current monitoring device and / or a voltage monitoring device.

6. The controllable electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The controllable electrochromic device also includes a photometer.

7. The controllable electrochromic device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The photometer is an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer.

8. A method for controlling the optical performance of a controllable electrochromic device as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The current control device is activated, and an electrochemical method is used to effectively transfer charge control the electrochemical reaction during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device. This enables quantitative and precise control of the optical performance of the electrochromic device.

9. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Simultaneously with activating the current control device, the voltage control device is also activated, and then an electrochemical method is used to effectively transfer charge control the electrochemical reaction during the electrochromic process of the electrochromic device.

10. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electrochromic device is also monitored using a current monitoring device and / or a voltage monitoring device.

11. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electrochemical method includes at least one of the following: cyclic voltammetry, constant current method, constant voltage method, alternating current method, pulse current method, alternating voltage method, pulse voltage method, gradient voltage method, and gradient current method.

12. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electrochemical method includes at least one of cyclic voltammetry, constant current method, constant voltage method, cyclic voltammetry-constant current method, cyclic voltammetry-constant voltage method, constant current method-constant voltage method, and cyclic voltammetry-constant voltage method-constant current method.

13. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optical properties include at least one of optical density, optical transmittance, reflectance, emissivity, and chromaticity.

14. The optical performance control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optical performance refers to optical wavelengths including at least one of the X-ray region, ultraviolet region, visible light region, infrared region, microwave region, and radio wave region.

15. The optical performance control method according to any one of claims 8-14, characterized in that, The optical performance control method described above has an optical control accuracy error of less than 5%.

16. The application of a controllable electrochromic device as described in any one of claims 1-7 or an optical performance modulation method as described in any one of claims 8-15 in the field of optoelectronics.

17. The application according to claim 16, characterized in that, The optoelectronic field includes photochromic glass, infrared protection, optical camouflage, smart windows, or anti-glare rearview mirrors.

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