Dual-arm helical circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with top-loaded split-ring disc

Abstract

The application discloses a top-loaded split disc dual-arm helical circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna, which comprises a dual-arm dielectric helix, a ground plate, a feeding probe and a split disc, the dual-arm dielectric helix is arranged perpendicularly to the ground plate, the feeding probe is located on a first end portion starting side wall surface of the dual-arm dielectric helix, a second end portion of the dual-arm dielectric helix is loaded with the split disc, the first end portion is close to the ground plate, and the second end portion is away from the ground plate; the split disc adopts an integrated multi-layer split disc, which comprises a lower split disc, a middle split disc and an upper disc with the same center position, the middle split disc is located between the lower split disc and the upper disc, and the lower split disc is fixed to the second end portion of the dual-arm dielectric helix; by adopting the design of loading the integrated multi-layer split disc on the top of the dual-arm dielectric helix, energy leakage is reduced, the antenna radiation efficiency is effectively increased, and circular polarization characteristics can be realized in a low-frequency frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna engineering technology, and more specifically to a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk. Background Technology

[0002] A dielectric resonator antenna is a type of resonant antenna made of low-loss microwave dielectric material. Its resonant frequency is determined by the size, shape, and relative permittivity of the resonator. Compared to traditional metal antennas, it has a large radiating surface, no conductor loss, and relatively low dielectric loss, offering advantages such as high radiation efficiency, small size, low weight, and ease of excitation. Common feeding methods for dielectric resonator antennas include coaxial probe feeding, microstrip-slot feeding, microstrip line feeding, and coplanar waveguide feeding.

[0003] Due to the rapid development of modern wireless communication systems and the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment, more stringent requirements have been placed on antenna polarization. Currently, antenna polarization can be broadly classified into two categories: circular polarization and linear polarization. Circularly polarized antennas offer superior performance compared to linearly polarized antennas, such as suppressing multipath fading, interoperability with any linearly polarized antenna, and the ability to receive or radiate electromagnetic waves of arbitrary polarization. Therefore, they are widely used in positioning, communication, and navigation. Among these, helical antennas, due to their unique structure and feeding characteristics, can achieve circular polarization. Traditional helical antennas can be divided into helical whip antennas and planar helical antennas. Compared to planar helical antennas, upright helical whip antennas exhibit higher radiation efficiency, larger power beamwidth, and other electrical properties.

[0004] Common helical antennas typically wind a helix around a dielectric post to form and support the helix. For example, patent application CN214254727U proposes a coaxial-fed dual-arm helical antenna in which an insulating post is fixed to the reflector and sleeved on the semi-rigid cable, with the helix wound around the insulating post and connected to the left and right halves of the balun structure respectively. Patent application CN116130934A proposes winding a helical metal conductor around a dielectric support, which can be rod-shaped, tubular, or fishbone-shaped, etc. This method of using dielectric support can cause problems such as increased insertion loss and insufficient power capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to further improve the performance of the double-arm helical antenna.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] A double-armed spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded slit disk is proposed, comprising a double-armed dielectric spiral, a ground plane, a feed probe, and a slit disk. The double-armed dielectric spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane, and the feed probe is located on the starting sidewall of the first end of the double-armed dielectric spiral. The slit disk is loaded on the second end of the double-armed dielectric spiral, with the first end close to the ground plane and the second end away from the ground plane.

[0008] The crack disk is an integral multi-layer crack disk, including a lower crack disk, a middle crack disk and an upper disk with the same center position. The middle crack disk is located between the lower crack disk and the upper disk, and the lower crack disk is fixed to the second end of the double-arm medium spiral.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower crack disk is arranged parallel to the ground plane, and the height of the lower crack disk is equal to the midpoint of the vertical tangent at the second end of the double-arm medium spiral; the two cracks of the lower crack disk are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower crack disk is a pre-formed medium disk, and the lower crack disk and the second end of the double-arm medium spiral are integrally loaded.

[0011] Furthermore, the intermediate crack disks are arranged parallel to the lower crack disks at intervals, and the radius of the intermediate crack disks is 1 / 2 of the radius of the lower crack disks. The two cracks of the intermediate crack disks are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper layer disks are arranged parallel to the middle layer crack disks at intervals, and the radius of the upper layer disks is smaller than the radius of the middle layer crack disks.

[0013] Furthermore, the double-armed medium spiral includes a first spiral and a second spiral, both of which are pre-formed spiral medium lines. One end of the first spiral and the second spiral are both arranged perpendicular to the ground plane, and the center point of the first spiral, the center point of the second spiral, and the center point of the ground plane coincide.

[0014] Furthermore, the first spiral line has its starting sidewall surface perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane at one end, and the second spiral line has its starting sidewall surface perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane at one end; the other ends of the first spiral line and the second spiral line away from the ground plane are both fixed to the lower crack disk.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply probe is a coaxial probe power supply, located on the starting sidewall of the first spiral and on the starting sidewall of the second spiral; both the starting sidewall of the first spiral and the starting sidewall of the second spiral are rectangular.

[0016] Furthermore, the power supply probe has a planar rectangular structure, and the axis of symmetry of the wide side of the power supply probe coincides with the axis of symmetry of the bottom edge of the starting side wall of the first spiral and the bottom edge of the starting side wall of the second spiral.

[0017] Furthermore, the ground plane is a rectangular ground plane.

[0018] The advantages of this invention are:

[0019] (1) The antenna designed in this invention includes a double-arm dielectric spiral, a ground plane, a feed probe, and a slit disk. The double-arm dielectric spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane. The feed probe is located on the starting side wall of the first end of the double-arm dielectric spiral. The second end of the double-arm dielectric spiral is loaded with a slit disk. By using dielectric material to load the spiral, the weight can be reduced while the antenna gain can be improved. The spiral maintains linearity through its own stiffness, thereby meeting the weight and power requirements. In addition, the design of loading an integrated multi-layer slit disk on the top of the double-arm dielectric spiral helps to reduce energy leakage, effectively increase the antenna radiation efficiency, and achieve circular polarization characteristics in the low-frequency band.

[0020] (2) By optimizing the spiral structure, the starting side wall of the spiral, i.e. the cross-section perpendicular to the ground plane, is rectangular, which is easy to process and easy to assemble under the premise of meeting other performance requirements.

[0021] (3) By loading a simple differential feed matching circuit, such as feeding with a phase difference of 180°, not only can the antenna transmission efficiency be improved and noise can be better suppressed, but the antenna itself can also be made more resistant to interference.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3This is a top view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a side view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a front view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna without a loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a top view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna without a loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a side view of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna without a loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cracked disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the S11 parameters of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is an axial ratio curve of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a gain curve of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with an unloaded cracked disk at the top, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a gain curve diagram of a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 13 In one embodiment of the present invention, the Phi of the double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk is 0. ° Radiation pattern;

[0036] Figure 14 In one embodiment of the present invention, the Phi of the double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk is 90. ° Radiation pattern.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1-First spiral; 2-Second spiral; 3-Feed probe; 4-Ground plate; 5-Lower layer crack disk; 6-Middle layer crack disk; 7-Upper layer disk. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a double-armed spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded slit disk, including a double-armed dielectric spiral, a ground plane 4, a feed probe 3, and a slit disk. The double-armed dielectric spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane 4, and the feed probe 3 is located on the starting side wall of the first end of the double-armed dielectric spiral. The slit disk is loaded on the second end of the double-armed dielectric spiral. The first end is close to the ground plane 4, and the second end is away from the ground plane 4.

[0041] The crack disk is an integral multi-layer crack disk, including a lower crack disk 5, a middle crack disk 6 and an upper disk 7 with the same center position. The middle crack disk 6 is located between the lower crack disk 5 and the upper disk 7. The lower crack disk 5 is fixed to the second end of the double-arm medium spiral.

[0042] The antenna designed in this embodiment includes a double-arm dielectric spiral, a ground plane 4, a feed probe 3, and a slit disk. The double-arm dielectric spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane 4. The feed probe 3 is located on the starting sidewall of the first end of the double-arm dielectric spiral, and the slit disk is loaded at the second end of the double-arm dielectric spiral. Figures 5 to 7 Compared to the antenna design without a loaded disk shown, this embodiment uses a dielectric material to load the spiral, which reduces weight while improving antenna gain. In addition, the design of loading an integrated multi-layer slit disk on the top of the double-arm dielectric spiral helps to reduce energy leakage, effectively increases antenna radiation efficiency, and can achieve circular polarization characteristics in the low-frequency band.

[0043] The working principle of the designed antenna is as follows: the double-arm dielectric spiral acts as the main radiator to radiate electromagnetic waves, and the 180° phase difference can achieve circular polarization characteristics. When the electromagnetic wave radiates to the top, there is an integrally loaded cracked disk structure that widens the propagation path of the magnetic current and effectively improves the antenna bandwidth performance. The upper disk can reduce energy leakage and improve radiation efficiency.

[0044] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the lower-layer crack disk 5 is arranged parallel to the ground plane 4, and the height of the lower-layer crack disk 5 is equal to the midpoint of the vertical tangent at the second end of the double-arm medium spiral; the two cracks of the lower-layer crack disk 5 are centrally symmetrically distributed. The lower-layer crack disk 5 is a pre-formed medium disk, and the lower-layer crack disk 5 and the second end of the double-arm medium spiral are integrally loaded.

[0045] It should be noted that the lower-layer slit disk is integrated with the double-arm dielectric helix, which can widen the magnetic flux path and improve the antenna bandwidth. Moreover, the slits on the middle-layer and lower-layer slit disks are centrally symmetrically distributed, following the direction of the helix's curl. When the magnetic flux radiates to the top, it can widen the magnetic flux path, improve the antenna bandwidth, and also satisfy the symmetrical structure of the double-arm helical antenna, thus improving the circular polarization performance.

[0046] In one embodiment, the intermediate crack disks 6 are arranged parallel to the lower crack disks 5 at intervals, and the radius of the intermediate crack disks 6 is half the radius of the lower crack disks 5. The two cracks of the intermediate crack disks 6 are centrally symmetrically distributed. The upper crack disks 7 are arranged parallel to the intermediate crack disks 6 at intervals, and the radius of the upper crack disks 7 is smaller than the radius of the intermediate crack disks 6.

[0047] It should be noted that the cracks in the middle layer crack disk are the same as those in the lower layer crack disk, are parallel to the lower layer crack disk and are separated from it by a certain gap. This can effectively maintain the improved antenna performance of the lower layer crack disk. The upper layer disk is parallel to the middle layer crack disk and is separated from it by a certain gap, which can reduce the leakage of radiated energy and improve the antenna gain.

[0048] In one embodiment, the double-armed medium spiral includes a first spiral 1 and a second spiral 2, both of which are pre-formed spiral medium lines. One end of the first spiral 1 and the second spiral 2 are both arranged perpendicular to the ground plane 4, and the center point of the first spiral 1, the center point of the second spiral 2 and the center point of the ground plane 4 coincide.

[0049] The first spiral 1 has its starting sidewall perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane 4 at one end, and the second spiral 2 has its starting sidewall perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane 4 at one end, and the starting sidewall of both the first spiral 1 and the second spiral 2 is rectangular. The other ends of the first spiral 1 and the second spiral 2 away from the ground plane 4 are both fixed to the lower crack disk 5.

[0050] This embodiment employs a medium-loaded helical structure. On one hand, it optimizes the helical structure; the vertical cross-section of the helix is ​​rectangular, facilitating processing and easy arraying while meeting other performance requirements. Furthermore, the helix is ​​a pre-formed sintered ceramic, possessing its own hardness and support, thus meeting weight and power requirements.

[0051] In one embodiment, the power supply probe 3 is a coaxial probe power supply, located on the starting sidewall of the first helix 1 and on the starting sidewall of the second helix 2; the power supply probe 3 has a planar rectangular structure, and the axis of symmetry of the wide side of the power supply probe 3 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the bottom edge of the starting sidewall of the first helix 1 and the bottom edge of the starting sidewall of the second helix 2, satisfying symmetry to obtain good circular polarization characteristics.

[0052] In one embodiment, the grounding plate 4 is a pre-formed rectangular metal plate.

[0053] Furthermore, by simulating the double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk designed in this embodiment, the optimal design parameters of the antenna are determined as follows:

[0054] The lower layer crack disk 5 is a pre-formed medium disk with a radius of 40mm, and is integrally loaded with the first spiral line 1 and the second spiral line 2; the crack of the lower layer crack disk 5 is composed of a smooth curve connected by three points, with the center of the circle as the origin, and the three points are (-0.8mm, -0.8mm), (-12mm, -6mm), and (-52mm, 3mm), with a width of 26mm.

[0055] The middle layer crack disk 6 is a pre-formed medium disk with a radius of 20mm, which is half the radius of the lower layer crack disk 5. The cracks are the same as those on the lower layer crack disk 5, and the medium material is alumina ceramic.

[0056] The upper disk 7 is a pre-formed medium disk with a radius smaller than that of the middle crack disk 6, which is 16mm. The medium material is alumina ceramic.

[0057] The first spiral 1 and the second spiral 2 are pre-formed spiral medium lines with 1.5 turns. The vertical cross-section is a rectangle with the same length and width, which is 20mm. The distance between each spiral turn is the same, which is 71mm. The medium material is alumina ceramic.

[0058] The power supply probe 3 is a planar rectangular structure with a smooth surface, measuring 17mm in length and 3mm in width.

[0059] The grounding plate 4 is a pre-formed rectangular metal plate with the same length and width, and a side length of 200mm.

[0060] Electromagnetic simulation tests were performed on the antenna with the above parameters. Figure 9The electromagnetic simulation S-parameter curves of the antenna with the loaded disk shown can be seen that the reflection coefficients in the 1.74GHz-2.77GHz and 2.84GHz-2.89GHz frequency bands are all less than -10dB, and the consistency is good.

[0061] from Figure 10 The electromagnetic simulation axial ratio curve of the antenna with the loaded disk shown can be seen that the axial ratio coefficients in the 1.74GHz-1.87GHz and 2.15GHz-2.52GHz frequency bands are both less than 3dB, indicating that circular polarization can be achieved in this frequency band, meeting the requirements for circular polarization.

[0062] from Figure 11 The gain curve of the antenna without a loaded disk after electromagnetic simulation is shown. Figure 12 The gain curve of the antenna with the loaded cracked disk shown is obtained after electromagnetic simulation. By comparing the gain in the operating frequency band, it can be seen that the gain of the double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna is effectively improved after loading the disk structure on the top.

[0063] Figure 13 Phi = 0 for a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk. ° Radiation pattern, frequency 2.2 GHz, Phi = 0 ° For plane E, the solid black line represents right-handed polarization, and the dashed black line represents left-handed polarization. Figure 14 Phi = 90 for a double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk. ° Radiation pattern, frequency 2.2 GHz, Phi = 90° ° For plane E, the solid black line represents right-handed polarization, and the dashed black line represents left-handed polarization.

[0064] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded slit disk, characterized in that, The device includes a double-arm dielectric spiral, a ground plane, a power supply probe, and a crack disk. The double-arm dielectric spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane, and the power supply probe is located on the starting side wall of the first end of the double-arm dielectric spiral. The crack disk is loaded on the second end of the double-arm dielectric spiral. The first end is close to the ground plane, and the second end is away from the ground plane. The crack disk is an integral multi-layer crack disk, including a lower crack disk, a middle crack disk, and an upper crack disk with the same center position. The middle crack disk is located between the lower crack disk and the upper crack disk. The lower crack disk is fixed to the second end of the double-arm medium spiral. The two cracks opened on the middle crack disk and the two cracks opened on the lower crack disk are centrally symmetrically distributed. The first end of the double-arm dielectric spiral has a rectangular starting sidewall, and the feed probe has a planar rectangular structure.

2. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower crack disk is arranged parallel to the ground plane, and the height of the lower crack disk is equal to the midpoint of the vertical tangent at the second end of the double-arm medium spiral.

3. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower crack disk is a pre-formed medium disk, and the lower crack disk and the second end of the double-arm medium spiral are integrally loaded.

4. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate crack disks are arranged parallel to the lower crack disks at intervals, and the radius of the intermediate crack disks is 1 / 2 of the radius of the lower crack disks.

5. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper layer disks are arranged parallel to the middle layer crack disks at intervals, and the radius of the upper layer disks is smaller than the radius of the middle layer crack disks.

6. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The double-armed medium spiral includes a first spiral and a second spiral, both of which are pre-formed spiral medium lines. One end of the first spiral and the second spiral are both arranged perpendicular to the ground plane, and the center point of the first spiral, the center point of the second spiral, and the center point of the ground plane coincide.

7. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first spiral line has its starting sidewall surface perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane at one end, and the second spiral line has its starting sidewall surface perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane at one end, and the other end of the first spiral line away from the ground plane and the other end of the second spiral line away from the ground plane are both fixed to the lower crack disc.

8. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded slit disk as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply probe is a coaxial probe, located on the starting sidewall of the first spiral and on the starting sidewall of the second spiral; both the starting sidewall of the first spiral and the starting sidewall of the second spiral are rectangular.

9. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The symmetry axis of the wide side of the feed probe coincides with the symmetry axis of the bottom edge of the starting side wall of the first spiral and the bottom edge of the starting side wall of the second spiral.

10. The double-arm spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded cracked disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding plate is a rectangular grounding plate.

Images