Top-loaded disc four-arm epitaxial helical circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk, comprising a first epitaxial spiral, a second epitaxial spiral, a third epitaxial spiral, a fourth epitaxial spiral, a dielectric disk, a ground plane, and a feed probe. Each epitaxial spiral is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane and coincides at its center, and the epitaxial distance of each turn of the first, second, third, and fourth epitaxial spirals is the same. The dielectric disk includes an upper disk and a lower disk, with the lower disk loaded at the end of each epitaxial spiral away from the ground plane, and the upper disk arranged parallel above the lower disk. By adopting a design of loading an integrated dielectric disk on top of the four-arm epitaxial dielectric spirals, it is beneficial to reduce energy leakage, effectively increase antenna radiation efficiency, improve antenna gain, and, by loading multiple dielectric disks on top, effectively broaden the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna engineering technology, and more specifically to a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional metal antennas have large geometric dimensions at low frequencies, while their losses are high at high frequencies, making it difficult to meet the high gain and miniaturization requirements of current wireless communication systems. In contrast, dielectric resonator antennas are resonant antennas constructed from low-loss microwave dielectric materials. Their resonant frequency is determined by the size, shape, and relative permittivity of the resonator. Compared to traditional metal antennas, they have a larger radiating surface, no conductor loss, and relatively low dielectric loss, offering advantages such as high radiation efficiency, small size, low weight, and ease of excitation.

[0003] Spiral antennas can achieve circular polarization due to their unique structure and the power they are fed. Traditional spiral antennas can be divided into spiral whip antennas and planar spiral antennas. Compared with planar spiral antennas, upright spiral whip antennas have higher radiation efficiency, larger beamwidth and other electrical properties.

[0004] When designing an epitaxial spiral dielectric resonator antenna within a certain maximum size limit, techniques for optimizing the spiral shape are usually employed. These techniques include combining Archimedean spirals and equiangular spirals, bending and wrapping the spiral, etc., which can effectively extend the current path and expand the low-frequency bandwidth. Alternatively, a sawtooth design can be applied to the spiral to optimize performance.

[0005] In related technologies, patent application CN116544663A discloses a four-arm spiral pattern reconfigurable antenna in the terahertz band. An antenna metal layer is provided on the upper surface of a first dielectric substrate, and the antenna metal layer includes four tapered spiral arm antenna elements. The concave side of each tapered spiral arm antenna element faces the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the four tapered spiral arm antenna elements are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate. Each tapered spiral arm antenna element is composed of a straight arm and a tapered spiral arm. The width of the tapered spiral arm is gradually changed from the inner end to the outer end. However, this metal antenna requires a large size in the corresponding band, and also has low gain and poor directivity, failing to meet the current demand for antenna miniaturization and portability.

[0006] A VHF band spaceborne quad-helical antenna was proposed in patent application document CN110739525A. The quad-helical antenna integrates a metal frustum and a short-circuited metal disk into a single design without any intermediate support. The metal frustum is set on the bottom surface of the quad-helical antenna, so that the tip of the metal frustum is suspended above the through hole of the mounting base with a gap between them. The short-circuited metal disk is set on the top surface of the quad-helical antenna and is fixed to the antenna cover with adhesive. However, the antenna has a large longitudinal dimension, resulting in high loss and low gain. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to improve the performance of a spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna.

[0008] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0009] A four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk is proposed, comprising: a first epitaxial spiral, a second epitaxial spiral, a third epitaxial spiral, a fourth epitaxial spiral, a dielectric disk, a ground plane, and a feed probe; the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral are all arranged perpendicular to the ground plane and coincide in center, and the epitaxial distance of each turn of the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral is the same;

[0010] The medium disk includes an upper disk and a lower disk. The lower disk is loaded at the ends of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spirals away from the ground plane. The upper disk is arranged parallel to and above the lower disk.

[0011] Furthermore, the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral are all pre-formed spiral medium lines.

[0012] Furthermore, the four-walled extensional spiral composed of the first extensional spiral, the second extensional spiral, the third extensional spiral, and the fourth extensional spiral is a symmetrical structure formed by uniformly surrounding a rectangular three-dimensional structure with the same length and width in cross-section.

[0013] Furthermore, the second, third, and fourth extended spirals can be obtained by rotating the first extended spiral along the centerline by 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the other end of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines that connects to the ground plane has a rectangular starting sidewall that is perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower disk is a pre-formed medium disk, which is integrally loaded with the four-armed epitaxial spiral formed by the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper disks are arranged parallel to the lower disks at intervals, and their centers are the same.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower disk is arranged parallel to the ground plane, and the height of the lower disk is equal to the midpoint of the top vertical tangent of the four-arm extended spiral.

[0018] Furthermore, the power supply probe has a planar rectangular structure and is coaxially powered.

[0019] Furthermore, the feeding probes are respectively located on the starting sidewalls of the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral; the wide side axis of the feeding probes coincides with the bottom side axis of the starting sidewall.

[0020] Furthermore, the ground plane is a rectangular ground plane.

[0021] Furthermore, the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, the fourth epitaxial spiral, and the dielectric disk are all formed by processing alumina ceramic.

[0022] The advantages of this invention are:

[0023] (1) This invention adopts a combination of a four-armed spiral and an Archimedean spiral to extend outwards. By loading a simple matching circuit, a wider bandwidth, higher gain, and good circular polarization characteristics can be achieved. Structurally, the design of loading an integrated dielectric disk on the top of the four-armed epitaxial dielectric spiral is beneficial to reduce energy leakage, effectively increase antenna radiation efficiency, and improve antenna gain. Furthermore, based on loading an integrated dielectric disk on the top, the use of multi-layer dielectric disk processing can effectively broaden the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth.

[0024] (2) A medium-loaded spiral structure is adopted. The vertical cross-section of the spiral is rectangular, which is easy to process and easy to assemble while meeting other performance requirements.

[0025] (3) The four-arm extensional spiral is formed by dielectric loading, which has advantages such as high radiation efficiency and low loss, and can effectively improve antenna gain.

[0026] (4) The four-arm extension spiral and dielectric disk are both made of alumina ceramic with a relatively high dielectric constant, and the antenna size is smaller than that made of metal.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of a four-armed epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of a four-armed epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a front view of a four-armed epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with an unloaded disk at the top, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a top view of a four-armed epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with an unloaded disk at the top, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the medium disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the S11 parameters of a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded multi-layer disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is an axial ratio curve of a four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with no top-loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is an axial ratio curve of a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded multilayer disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10This is a gain curve diagram of a four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with no top-loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a gain curve diagram of a four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 In one embodiment of the present invention, the Phi = 0 of the four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk. ° Radiation pattern;

[0040] Figure 13 In one embodiment of the present invention, the Phi of the four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk is 90. ° Radiation pattern.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1-First epitaxial spiral; 2-Second epitaxial spiral; 3-Third epitaxial spiral; 4-Fourth epitaxial spiral; 5-Feed probe; 6-Ground plate; 7-Lower disk; 8-Upper disk. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk, characterized in that it includes: a first epitaxial spiral 1, a second epitaxial spiral 2, a third epitaxial spiral 3, a fourth epitaxial spiral 4, a dielectric disk, a ground plane 6, and a feed probe 5; the first epitaxial spiral 1, the second epitaxial spiral 2, the third epitaxial spiral 3, and the fourth epitaxial spiral 4 are all arranged perpendicular to the ground plane 6 and their centers coincide, and ... The spiral 2, the third extended spiral 3, and the fourth extended spiral 4 have the same extension distance for each turn; the feed probe 5 is located on the starting sidewall of each extended spiral and is connected to the ground plane 6; the dielectric disk includes an upper disk 8 and a lower disk 7, the lower disk 7 is loaded at the ends of the first extended spiral 1, the second extended spiral 2, the third extended spiral 3, and the fourth extended spiral 4 away from the ground plane 6, and the upper disk 8 is arranged parallel above the lower disk 7.

[0045] This embodiment extends outward by combining a four-armed spiral and an Archimedean spiral, and... Figures 4 to 5 Compared to the antenna without a dielectric disk, the antenna can achieve a wider bandwidth, higher gain, and better circular polarization characteristics by adding a simple matching circuit. Structurally, by loading a dielectric disk on top of the four-walled epitaxial spiral, electromagnetic waves are radiated to the top via the four-arm epitaxial spiral. The lower integrated disk prevents radiation leakage, improving radiation efficiency and antenna gain, while the upper disk improves the axial ratio bandwidth. Moreover, the design of loading an integrated dielectric disk on top of the four-arm epitaxial dielectric spiral helps reduce energy leakage, effectively increasing antenna radiation efficiency and antenna gain. Furthermore, the use of multi-layer dielectric disks on top of the integrated dielectric disk effectively widens the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first extended spiral 1, the second extended spiral 2, the third extended spiral 3, and the fourth extended spiral 4 are all pre-formed spiral medium lines; the other end of the first extended spiral 1, the second extended spiral 2, the third extended spiral 3, and the fourth extended spiral 4 that connects to the ground plane 6 has a starting sidewall surface that is a rectangle with the same length and width, and is perpendicular to and connected to the ground plane 6.

[0047] This embodiment employs a dielectric-loaded helical structure with a rectangular vertical cross-section, which is easy to manufacture and facilitates arraying while meeting other performance requirements. Furthermore, the four-armed extended helical lines are dielectric-loaded, offering advantages such as high radiation efficiency and low loss, effectively improving antenna gain.

[0048] Furthermore, the four-walled extensional spiral composed of the first extensional spiral, the second extensional spiral, the third extensional spiral, and the fourth extensional spiral is a symmetrical structure formed by uniformly surrounding a rectangular three-dimensional structure with the same length and width in cross-section. For example, the second extensional spiral, the third extensional spiral, and the fourth extensional spiral are obtained by rotating the first extensional spiral along the center line by 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively, thus satisfying the requirements for circular polarization of the antenna.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the lower disk 7 is a pre-formed medium disk, which is integrally loaded with the four-armed extension spiral formed by the first extension spiral 1, the second extension spiral 2, the third extension spiral 3 and the fourth extension spiral 4; the upper disk 8 is arranged parallel to the lower disk 7 at intervals, and the centers of the two are the same; the lower disk 7 is arranged parallel to the ground plane 6, and the height of the lower disk 7 is equal to the midpoint of the top vertical tangent of the four-armed extension spiral.

[0050] It should be noted that the lower disk and the four-arm extended spiral are loaded as a whole, which can help reduce energy leakage, effectively improve radiation efficiency, and increase antenna gain; the upper disk is parallel to the lower disk and has a certain gap with the lower disk, which can improve the antenna's circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth.

[0051] In one embodiment, the power supply probe 5 is a planar rectangular structure and is coaxially powered; the power supply probe 5 is located on the starting sidewall of the first epitaxial spiral 1, the second epitaxial spiral 2, the third epitaxial spiral 3 and the fourth epitaxial spiral 4 respectively; the wide side axis of the power supply probe 5 coincides with the bottom side axis of the starting sidewall, and the bottom side is connected to the ground plane 6.

[0052] In one embodiment, the grounding plate 6 is a pre-formed rectangular metal plate with the same length and width, maintaining an axially symmetrical and centrally symmetrical structure.

[0053] In one embodiment, the first epitaxial spiral 1, the second epitaxial spiral 2, the third epitaxial spiral 3, the fourth epitaxial spiral 4, and the dielectric disk are all formed by processing alumina ceramic.

[0054] The optimal parameters of the antenna were determined through simulation as follows:

[0055] The lower medium disk is a pre-formed medium disk with a radius of 75mm and a thickness of 16mm, and is integrally loaded with the four-arm extended spiral line;

[0056] The upper medium disk is a pre-formed medium disk with a radius of 40 mm and a thickness of 3 mm; the upper medium disks are spaced 1 mm apart in parallel, and the medium material is alumina ceramic.

[0057] The first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines 1, 2, 3, and 4 are pre-formed spiral dielectric lines with 0.75 turns. Their vertical cross-sections are rectangles of equal length and width, each 20 mm in diameter. The distance between each spiral turn is the same, 61 mm. The extension distance between each spiral turn of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines 1, 2, 3, and 4 is the same, 60 mm. The first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines 1 and the lower dielectric disk are formed using a dielectric material, which is alumina ceramic.

[0058] The power supply probe 5 is a planar rectangular structure, coaxially powered, 17mm long and 3mm wide.

[0059] The grounding plate 6 is a rectangular metal plate with the same length and width, and is 200mm in diameter.

[0060] The antenna performance test results were obtained through electromagnetic simulation: Figure 7 The S-parameter curves of the four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a multi-layer disk loaded on top, after electromagnetic simulation, show that the reflection coefficients in the 1.80GHz-2.64GHz frequency band are all less than -10dB, and the consistency is good.

[0061] Figure 8 The image shows the axial ratio curve of a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna without a multi-layer disk on top, after electromagnetic simulation. It can be seen that the axial ratio coefficient is less than 3dB in the 1.14GHz-2.88GHz frequency band, indicating that circular polarization can be achieved in this frequency band, meeting the circular polarization requirements. Figure 9 The axial ratio curve of the four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a multi-layered disk on top, after electromagnetic simulation, shows that the axial ratio coefficient is less than 3dB in the 0.5GHz-3GHz frequency band, and the axial ratio bandwidth is wider compared with the structure without a multi-layered dielectric disk on top.

[0062] Figure 10 This is a gain curve of a four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna without a top-loaded disk, after electromagnetic simulation. Figure 11 The gain curve of the four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a multi-layer disk loaded on top is shown in the electromagnetic simulation. By comparing the gain in the operating frequency band, it can be seen that the gain of the four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna is effectively improved after loading the disk structure on top.

[0063] Figure 12 Phi = 0 for a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded multi-layered disk. ° Radiation pattern, frequency 2.25 GHz, Phi = 0 ° For plane E, the solid black line represents right-handed polarization, and the dashed black line represents left-handed polarization. Figure 13 Phi = 90 for a four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded multi-layered disk. ° Radiation pattern, frequency 2.25 GHz, Phi = 90° ° For plane E, the solid black line represents right-handed polarization, and the dashed black line represents left-handed polarization.

[0064] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk, characterized in that, include: First epitaxial spiral, second epitaxial spiral, third epitaxial spiral, fourth epitaxial spiral, dielectric disk, ground plane and feed probe; The first, second, third, and fourth extended spirals are all arranged perpendicular to the ground plane and coincide in center. The extension distance of each turn of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spirals is the same. The power supply probe is located on the starting sidewall of each extended spiral and is connected to the ground plane. The starting sidewall of each extended spiral is rectangular, and the power supply probe has a planar rectangular structure. The medium disk includes an upper disk and a lower disk. The lower disk is loaded at the ends of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spirals away from the ground plane. The upper disk is arranged parallel to the lower disk above it, and the upper disk and the lower disk have the same center. The height of the lower disk is equal to the midpoint of the vertical tangent at the top of each extended spiral.

2. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines are all pre-formed spiral medium lines; and the four-walled extended spiral line composed of the first, second, third, and fourth extended spiral lines is a symmetrical structure formed by uniformly surrounding a rectangular three-dimensional structure with the same length and width in cross-section.

3. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first, second, third, and fourth extended spirals are connected to the ground plane at their other ends, and the starting sidewalls of these other ends are all rectangular and perpendicular to the ground plane and connected to the ground plane.

4. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower disk is a pre-formed medium disk, which is integrally loaded with the four-armed epitaxial spiral composed of the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral.

5. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper disks are arranged parallel to the lower disks at intervals.

6. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lower disk is arranged parallel to the ground plane.

7. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It is powered by a coaxial probe.

8. The four-arm epitaxial spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding probes are located on the starting sidewalls of the first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, and the fourth epitaxial spiral, respectively; the wide side axis of the feeding probe coincides with the bottom side axis of the starting sidewall.

9. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding plate is a rectangular grounding plate.

10. The four-arm extended spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a top-loaded disk as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first epitaxial spiral, the second epitaxial spiral, the third epitaxial spiral, the fourth epitaxial spiral, and the dielectric disk are all formed by processing alumina ceramic.

Images