Electronically tunable cross five-band frequency hopping relativistic cherenkov oscillator and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of across five wave band frequency hopping relativistic cherenkov oscillator based on electric tuning and tuning method, by the different size current of two groups of solenoid magnetic field, the site type of guiding magnetic field is changed, so that electron beam enters inner, middle, outer electromagnetic structure respectively;Electron beam and K wave band slow wave structure, X wave band slow wave structure or Ku wave band slow wave structure and S wave band slow wave structure or C wave band slow wave structure occur beam-wave interaction respectively;Change guiding magnetic field intensity, so that electron beam only and the beam-wave interaction of slow wave structure of one wave band in middle or outer electromagnetic structure, simultaneously, the beam-wave interaction of slow wave structure of another wave band is inhibited, realize single frequency point high power microwave output;The present application can realize the time-sharing output of high power microwave across S, C, X, Ku, K wave band, can realize the output microwave of across five wave band in single HPM device, increase the frequency adjustment range of single frequency regulator, widen the application scenario of device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to microwave source devices in the field of high-power microwave technology, and in particular to an electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator and tuning method. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwaves (HPM) are generally defined as electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 100 GHz and peak power exceeding 100 MW. An HPM source is a device in an HPM system that converts the energy of a high-current relativistic electron beam into microwave field energy; it is typically an electronic vacuum device. Since the first HPM source was developed in the 1970s, HPM source technology has rapidly developed due to its significant military and civilian applications.

[0003] Frequency tunability is a new research direction in HPM (High-Performance Microwave) technology. Depending on the target, it enhances the microwave's effect by tuning the microwave frequency online, which has significant application value in industry and defense. Currently, HPM source frequency adjustment is divided into mechanical tuning and electrical tuning: mechanical tuning refers to changing the electrodynamic structure of the HPM, thereby altering the device's electromagnetic boundary conditions to achieve microwave frequency adjustment; electrical tuning refers to changing the electrical parameters of the HPM system, such as voltage, current, and guiding magnetic field, to achieve microwave frequency adjustment. Meanwhile, the relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator (RBWO) is an HPM generator that generates microwaves based on Cherenkov radiation. It is one of the most promising frequency-tuning devices currently available. Its physical mechanism utilizes the interaction between a high-current relativistic electron beam and electromagnetic waves in a slow-wave structure to generate self-excited oscillations, forming coherent microwave radiation. This type of device has advantages such as high efficiency, high power, long pulses, and high repetition rate operation, attracting widespread attention. When the electromagnetic waves in the slow-wave structure are reflected waves, this type of relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator is called a relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO).

[0004] In the research of frequency-tuned HPM sources, the following research institutions at home and abroad have carried out relevant work on frequency modulation:

[0005] The paper with DOI 10.1109 / PPC.1997.679452 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 1, such as...) Figure 1 As shown, the operating frequency is adjusted by simultaneously adjusting the length L2 of the drift section and the length L5 of the reflection section. The hollow slow wave structure and other components need to move back and forth along the axial direction, which requires a complex mechanical transmission structure. The adjustment method is complicated, which can easily damage the vacuum environment. The frequency modulation response is slow, and it can only achieve frequency adjustment of about 5% of the tuning bandwidth in one band of the X-band (corresponding to one working mode). It cannot achieve cross-band adjustment and the adjustment range is narrow.

[0006] The patent solution with patent number ZL 201610033561.0 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 2, such as...) Figure 2 As shown, frequency modulation across the X and Ku bands is achieved by adjusting the length L6 of the inner conductor. However, since the two bands share the same slow-wave structure, the only difference being the presence or absence of an inner conductor, the frequency dependence is significant, and the frequency interval between the two bands is small, making it impossible to achieve large-interval frequency tuning across bands. Therefore, this scheme is usually applied to adjacent bands with small frequency intervals.

[0007] The patent solution with patent number ZL 201811057701.3 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 3, such as...) Figure 3 As shown, microwave output across the X and Ka bands can be achieved by adjusting the lengths of the inner and outer cathodes. However, the number of bands crossed is small, and only dual-band microwave output can be achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the cathode adjustment structure is complex and the frequency modulation response speed is slow.

[0008] The patent solution with patent number ZL 202010432988.4 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 4, such as...) Figure 4 As shown, by adopting a dual-band series slow wave structure and adjusting the guiding magnetic field strength, microwave output across the C and X bands can be achieved. The adjustment method is simple, but it can only achieve high-power microwave output across dual bands, and the frequency modulation range is relatively narrow.

[0009] The patent solution with patent number ZL 202210865761.8 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 5, such as...) Figure 5 (As shown) Microwave output across C, X, and Ku bands is achieved by simultaneously adjusting the magnetic field strength through electron beam transmission control. The adjustment method is simple, but the frequency modulation response speed is slow. However, it can only achieve frequency adjustment in three bands at present, and the number of cross-bands is relatively small.

[0010] An analysis of the current research reveals that while significant progress has been made in the study of frequency-tuned relativistic Cherenkov microwave generators, they typically only achieve dual-band or tri-band modulation, resulting in a limited number of bands spanned. As application scenarios become more complex, current dual-band or tri-band relativistic Cherenkov microwave generators are insufficient to meet practical application requirements, necessitating the research of a relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator that spans more bands. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: This invention provides a five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator and tuning method based on electrical tuning, which overcomes the problem of the limited number of output microwave bands of conventional frequency modulation devices. Through the rational design of the electromagnetic structure and by changing the configuration and strength of the guiding magnetic field, frequency modulation across five bands (S, C, X, Ku, K) can be achieved (wide adjustment range and many bands).

[0012] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0013] A high-power microwave generator based on electrical tuning and spanning five bands, comprising a cathode structure, an external electromagnetic structure, an intermediate electromagnetic structure, and an internal electromagnetic structure. The cathode structure includes a cathode holder 601 and a cathode 602. The external electromagnetic structure includes an anode outer cylinder 603, an intermediate conductor 604, an external transition cavity 605, an external first drift tube 606, an external resonant reflection cavity 607, an external second drift tube 608, an S-band slow-wave structure 609, an external connecting section 610, a C-band slow-wave structure 611, an external microwave output port 612, an external support rod 613, a first solenoid magnetic field 614, and a second solenoid magnetic field 615. The intermediate electromagnetic structure includes an internal conductor 604a, a middle first drift tube 606a, a middle resonant reflection cavity 607a, a middle second drift tube 608a, an X-band slow wave structure 609a, a middle connecting section 610a, a Ku-band slow wave structure 611a, a middle microwave output port 612a, and a middle support rod 613a; the internal electromagnetic structure includes an internal transition cavity 605b, an internal first drift tube 606b, an internal resonant reflection cavity 607b, an internal second drift tube 608b, a K-band slow wave structure 609b, an internal collecting electrode 610b, and an internal microwave output port 611b; the entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis.

[0014] The cathode 602 is a thin-walled cylinder fitted onto the right end of the cathode holder 601, with a wall thickness of 0.1 mm and a radius equal to the radius R1 of the inner electron beam. The inner radius of the anode outer cylinder 603 is R2, and its inner surface has irregular corrugations. The inner surface of the intermediate conductor 604 and the outer surface of the inner conductor 604a also have irregular corrugations. The inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 603 and the outer surface of the intermediate conductor 604 together constitute the external electromagnetic structure. The inner surface of the intermediate conductor 604 and the outer surface of the inner conductor 604a together constitute the intermediate electromagnetic structure. The inner surface of the inner conductor 604a constitutes the internal electromagnetic structure.

[0015] The external transition cavity 605 is an annular cavity with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section. The inner and outer radii of the upper base are R3 and R4, respectively, and the inner and outer radii of the lower base are R5 and R4, respectively, satisfying R4 > R5 > R3 > R1; the height is L1, and L1 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S One to two times that of the external first drift tube 606. The external first drift tube 606 is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R4 respectively, and a length of L2. L2 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.5-2 times. The external resonant reflector cavity 607 is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R6 respectively, where R6 > R5, and its length is L3, which is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S0.2-0.8 times. The external second drift tube 608 is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R4 respectively, and a length of L4. L4 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.4-0.6 times. The S-band slow-wave structure 609 consists of four identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part. The radius of the concave part is R7, and the radius of the convex part is R8, where R6 > R7 > R8; the length of the concave part is L5, and L5 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.1-0.25 times; the length of the protruding part is L6, and L6 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.1-0.25 times. The C-band slow wave structure 611 consists of five identical slow wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex portion, the radius of which is R. 10 The radius of the protruding part is R. 11 R7 > R 10 The length of the recessed portion is L8, and L8 is generally taken as the C-band operating wavelength λ. C It is 0.1-0.25 times the length of the protrusion, with a length of L9, where L9 is typically taken as the C-band operating wavelength λ. C 0.1-0.25 times. A circular outer connecting segment 610 is provided between the S-band slow wave structure 609 and the C-band slow wave structure 611. The outer radius of the outer connecting segment 610 is R9, and the inner radius is R5, satisfying R... 10 >R9>R8; Length is L7, and L7 is generally taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.5-1.3 times. Following the C-band slow wave structure 611 is an external microwave output port 612, which has inner and outer radii of R5 and R... 12 The annular cavity is formed by the anode outer cylinder 603 and the intermediate conductor 604, R 11 <R 12 The external support rod 613 is used to support the intermediate conductor 604, ensuring that its axis is parallel to the radial center of the anode outer cylinder 603. The right end of the external microwave output port 612 is connected to an antenna, which can be designed according to the requirements of different wavelengths and based on general antenna design methods.

[0016] The first drift tube 606a in the middle is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'4 respectively, where R'4 < R3, and its length is L'1. L'1 is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 3-6 times. The intermediate resonant reflector cavity 607a is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'5 respectively, where R'5 > R'4, and its length is L'2, which is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X0.3-0.8 times. The second drift tube 608a in the middle is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'4 respectively, and a length of L'3. L'3 is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.4-0.6 times. The X-band slow-wave structure 609a consists of six identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part. The radius of the concave part is R'6, and the radius of the convex part is R'7, where R'6 > R'7; the length of the concave part is L'4, and L'4 is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.1-0.25 times; the length of the protruding part is L'5, and L'5 is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.1-0.25 times. The Ku-band slow-wave structure 611a consists of seven identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex portion. The radius of the concave portion is R'9, and the radius of the convex portion is R'. 10 R'6 > R'9; the length of the concave portion is L'7, and L'7 is generally taken as the Ku-band operating wavelength λ. Ku The length of the protruding part is 0.1-0.25 times that of the Ku-band operating wavelength λ, and L'8 is generally taken as λ. Ku 0.1-0.25 times. A circular intermediate connecting segment 610a is provided between the X-band slow wave structure 609a and the Ku-band slow wave structure 611a. The outer radius of the intermediate connecting segment 610a is R'8, and the inner radius is R'3, satisfying R'8 > R'3; its length is L'6, ​​and L'6 is generally taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 1-1.3 times. Following the Ku-band slow-wave structure 611a is the intermediate microwave output port 612a, which has inner and outer radii of R'3 and R' respectively. 11 The annular cavity is formed by the intermediate conductor 604 and the inner conductor 604a, R' 10 <R'9<R' 11 The intermediate support rod 613a is used to support the internal conductor 604a, ensuring its axis is parallel to the radial center of the anode outer cylinder 603. The right end of the intermediate microwave output port 612a is connected to an antenna, which can be designed according to common antenna design methods, taking into account the requirements of different wavelengths.

[0017] The internal transition cavity 605b is a frustum-shaped cavity with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, carved out at the front end of the inner conductor 604a, with a lower base side length of... The length of the upper base is satisfy Gao Wei The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 6-10 times. The internal first drift tube 606b is a radius of... A cylindrical cavity, with a length of The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.3-0.8 times. The internal resonant reflecting cavity 607b has a radius of... cylindrical cavity, Length The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.2-0.5 times. The internal second drift tube 608b is a radius of... A cylindrical cavity, with a length of The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.2-0.4 times. The K-band slow-wave structure 609b consists of eight identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex portion. The radius of the concave portion is... The radius of the protrusion is The length of the concave portion is The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.1-0.3 times; the length of the protruding part is The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.1-0.25 times. Following the K-band slow-wave structure 609b is the collector 610b, which is a frustum-shaped cavity with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, and the upper base side length is... The length of the lower base is satisfy Gao Wei The value is typically taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 10-20 times larger. The internal microwave output port 611b is a [radius value missing]. The cylindrical cavity satisfies The right end of the internal microwave output port 611b is connected to an antenna, which can be designed according to the requirements of different wavelengths and the general antenna design method.

[0018] The first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder 603. By energizing the different solenoid magnetic fields, the magnetic field configuration is changed, so that the electron beam is transmitted to the inner, middle and outer electromagnetic structures respectively.

[0019] This invention also provides a five-band electromagnetic tuning method based on the above-mentioned device. Different currents are applied to the magnetic fields of two sets of solenoids to change the configuration of the guiding magnetic field, allowing the electron beam to enter the inner, middle, and outer electromagnetic structures respectively. Within the inner electromagnetic structure, the electron beam interacts with the K-band slow-wave structure; within the middle electromagnetic structure, it interacts with the X-band or Ku-band slow-wave structure; and within the outer electromagnetic structure, it interacts with the S-band or C-band slow-wave structure. Then, based on the cyclotron resonance effect, the strength of the guiding magnetic field is changed so that the electron beam only interacts with the slow-wave structure of one band in the middle or outer electromagnetic structure, while the beam-wave interaction of the slow-wave structure of the other band is suppressed, achieving high-power microwave output at a single frequency point. In summary, frequency tuning across the S, C, X, Ku, and K bands can be achieved simply by changing the configuration and strength of the magnetic field. The specific steps are as follows:

[0020] S1 K-band microwave generation: The cathode explodes and emits light under high voltage. Simultaneously, the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is energized, generating a radially curved magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam is transmitted from the cathode to the internal first drift tube 606b. After stabilization, it propagates axially into the K-band slow-wave structure region of the internal electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the hollow TM... 01 The mode generates beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field, thereby generating K-band HPM;

[0021] S2 X and Ku band microwave generation: The cathode undergoes an explosive emission under high voltage. Both the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 are energized, generating magnetic fields of similar strength. The combination of these two produces a uniform axial magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam propagates axially to the X and Ku band slow-wave structure region of the intermediate electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the coaxial TM... 01 The mode generates a beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field to produce HPM. Due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is 2T-2.4T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the Ku-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the X-band slow-wave structure, thus producing X-band HPM. When the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is 1.3T-1.7T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the X-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the Ku-band slow-wave structure, thus producing Ku-band HPM.

[0022] S3 S and C band microwave generation: The cathode explodes under high voltage, generating a strong magnetic field when the first solenoid magnetic field 614 is energized, and a weak magnetic field when the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is energized. The difference in magnetic field strength causes the magnetic field lines to bend, thus generating a gradient matching magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam is transmitted from the cathode to the external first drift tube 606. After stabilization, it propagates axially towards the S and C band slow-wave structure region of the external electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the coaxial TM... 01 The mode generates a beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field to produce HPM. Due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is 0.6T-0.9T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the C-band slow wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the S-band slow wave structure, thus producing S-band HPM. When the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 is 0.3T-0.5T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the S-band slow wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the C-band slow wave structure, thus producing C-band HPM.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention provides a five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator based on electrical tuning, which is based on changing the configuration and strength of the guiding magnetic field. When the magnetic field configuration is a gradient-matched magnetic field, the electron beam enters the external electromagnetic structure under the guidance of the magnetic field, resulting in beam-wave interaction. The magnetic field strength is adjusted so that the device operates in a coaxial TM structure in the S-band slow-wave under a strong magnetic field. 01 The π-mode of the mode (corresponding electric field distribution see...) Figure 8 A coaxial TM operating in a C-band slow-wave structure under a weak magnetic field. 01 The π-mode of the mode (corresponding electric field distribution see...) Figure 9 This allows for adjustable microwave frequencies between the S and C bands. By changing the current in the energized solenoid coil, the magnetic field configuration is transformed into a uniform magnetic field. At this point, the electron beam enters the intermediate electromagnetic structure, generating a beam-wave interaction. By adjusting the magnetic field strength, the device can operate in a strong magnetic field under a coaxial TM structure in the X-band slow-wave configuration. 01 The π-mode of the mode (corresponding electric field distribution see...) Figure 10 A coaxial TM operating in a slow-wave structure in the Ku band under weak magnetic field conditions. 01 The π-mode of the mode (corresponding electric field distribution see...) Figure 11 This allows for adjustable microwave frequencies between the X and Ku bands; by adjusting the energized solenoid coil, the electron beam enters the internal electromagnetic structure, and the device operates in the K-band slow-wave structure of the hollow TM core. 01 The π-mode of the mode (corresponding electric field distribution see...) Figure 12This technology enables high-power microwave output in the K-band. It can be extended to other bands to achieve wider frequency modulation across multiple bands.

[0025] 2. The electronically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by this invention can achieve time-division output of high-power microwaves across the S, C, X, Ku, and K bands by changing the configuration and strength of the guiding magnetic field. Microwave output across five bands can be achieved within a single HPM device, increasing the frequency modulation range of a single frequency adjustment device and greatly expanding the application scenarios of the device.

[0026] 3. The electrically tuned, five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by this invention employs an external reflecting cavity 607, a middle reflecting cavity 607a, and an internal reflecting cavity 607b to achieve isolation between the internal, middle, and external electromagnetic structures. The external reflecting cavity 607 can simultaneously reflect S-band and C-band microwaves, the middle reflecting cavity 607a can simultaneously reflect X-band and Ku-band microwaves, and the internal reflecting cavity 607b can reflect K-band microwaves, effectively avoiding mutual interference between the internal, middle, and external electromagnetic structures of the device.

[0027] The above and other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments of the electrically tuned cross-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator according to the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The background description provides a schematic diagram of the structure of the X-band mechanical frequency modulation RBWO disclosed in prior art 1.

[0029] Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of the structure of an X-band and Ku-band tunable high-power microwave source disclosed in the background description of prior art 2;

[0030] Figure 3 The background description includes a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency-tunable relativistic backward wave oscillator across the X and Ka bands, as disclosed in prior art 3.

[0031] Figure 4 The background section presents a schematic diagram of the structure of a cross-C and X band frequency-tunable relativistic Cherenkov oscillator disclosed in prior art 4.

[0032] Figure 5 The background description includes a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency-tunable relativistic Cherenkov oscillator across the C, X, and Ku bands, as disclosed in prior art 5. Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7A cross-sectional three-dimensional schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a magnetic field-tuned, four-band relativistic Cherenkov oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Electric field distribution diagram of the π mode of the quasi-TEM mode of the coaxial slow wave structure composed of the S-band slow wave structure and the intermediate conductor in the preferred embodiment of the five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator based on electric tuning provided by the present invention (corresponding to the S-band).

[0035] Figure 9 Electric field distribution diagram of the π mode of the quasi-TEM mode of the coaxial slow wave structure composed of the C-band slow wave structure and the intermediate conductor in the preferred embodiment of the five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator based on electric tuning provided by the present invention (corresponding to the C-band).

[0036] Figure 10 Electric field distribution diagram (corresponding to X-band) of the π mode of the coaxial slow wave structure composed of the X-band slow wave structure and the inner conductor of the preferred embodiment of the five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator based on electric tuning provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 Electric field distribution diagram of the π mode of the quasi-TEM mode of the coaxial slow wave structure composed of the Ku-band slow wave structure and the inner conductor of the preferred embodiment of the five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator based on electric tuning provided by the present invention (corresponding to the Ku-band).

[0038] Figure 12 The K-band slow-wave structure TM of the preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned, five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by this invention 01 Electric field distribution diagram of the π mode (corresponding to the K-band);

[0039] Figure 13 The dispersion curves (corresponding to S and C bands) of the S-band and C-band slow wave structures of the preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 14 Dispersion curves (corresponding to X and Ku bands) of the X-band and Ku-band slow wave structures of the preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 15 The dispersion curve (corresponding to K-band) of the K-band slow-wave structure of the preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 16The reflection coefficient of the external reflecting cavity for S and C band microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 17 The reflection coefficient of the intermediate reflecting cavity for X and Ku band microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 18 The reflection coefficient of the internal reflection cavity for K-microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned, five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 19 The time-varying trend of S-band microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned, five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 20 The time variation trend of C-band microwave in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 21 The time variation trend of X-band microwave in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 22 The time-varying trend of Ku-band microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 23 The time-varying trend of K-band microwaves in a preferred embodiment of the electrically tuned, five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov microwave oscillator provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0051] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0054] This invention comprises a cathode holder 601, a cathode 602, an anode outer cylinder 603, an intermediate conductor 604, an external transition cavity 605, an external first drift tube 606, an external resonant reflection cavity 607, an external second drift tube 608, an S-band slow wave structure 609, an external connecting section 610, a C-band slow wave structure 611, an external microwave output port 612, an external support rod 613, a first solenoid magnetic field 614, a second solenoid magnetic field 615, an internal conductor 604a, an intermediate first drift tube 606a, and an intermediate resonant reflection cavity 607. The structure includes a resonant reflection cavity 607a, a second intermediate drift tube 608a, an X-band slow wave structure 609a, a middle connecting section 610a, a Ku-band slow wave structure 611a, a middle microwave output port 612a, a middle support rod 613a, an internal transition cavity 605b, an internal first drift tube 606b, an internal resonant reflection cavity 607b, an internal second drift tube 608b, a K-band slow wave structure 609b, an internal collecting electrode 610b, and an internal microwave output port 612b; the entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis.

[0055] The cathode holder 601, anode outer cylinder 603, intermediate conductor 604, and inner conductor 604a are typically made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The S-band slow wave structure 609, C-band slow wave structure 611, external connecting section 610, X-band slow wave structure 609a, intermediate connecting section 610a, Ku-band slow wave structure 611a, and K-band slow wave structure 609b are typically made of non-magnetic stainless steel, oxygen-free copper, or titanium. The cathode 602 can be made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper-clad foil (FR-5). The first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 are made of enameled copper wire or glass fiber-clad copper wire. The inner conductor of the pulse power drive source is externally connected to the left end of the cathode holder 601, and the outer conductor of the pulse power drive source is externally connected to the left end of the anode outer cylinder 603.

[0056] During operation, energizing the second solenoid magnetic field 615 generates a radially curved magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam is transmitted from the large-radius cathode to the small-radius drift tube. After stabilization, it propagates axially into the K-band slow-wave structure region of the internal electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the hollow TM01 mode interact, transferring energy to the microwave field, thereby generating the K-band HPM. Energizing the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 generates magnetic fields of similar strength. The combination of the two produces an axially uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field guides the electron beam axially to the X and Ku band slow-wave structure regions of the intermediate electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam interacts with the coaxial TM01 mode, transferring energy to the microwave field and generating HPM. Due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field is 2.2T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the Ku band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and it can only interact with the X band slow-wave structure to generate Cherenkov radiation, thus generating X band HPM. Similarly, reducing the magnetic field strength in the uniform region to 1.5T... The beam-wave interaction between the sub-beam and the X-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, allowing Cherenkov radiation only to occur with the Ku-band slow-wave structure, thus generating Ku-band HPM. Energizing the first solenoid magnetic field 614 and the second solenoid magnetic field 615 generates magnetic fields with significantly different strengths. This difference in strength causes the magnetic field lines to bend, creating a gradient-matched magnetic field. Guided by this field, the electron beam is transmitted from the small-radius cathode to the large-radius drift tube, and after stabilization, it propagates axially towards the S and C-band slow-wave structure regions of the external electromagnetic structure. Within the slow-wave structure region… In the region, the electron beam and the coaxial TM01 mode interact with each other, transferring energy to the microwave field and generating HPM. Due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field is 0.7T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the C-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the S-band slow-wave structure, thus generating S-band HPM. Similarly, when the magnetic field strength in the uniform region is reduced to 0.4T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the S-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the C-band slow-wave structure, thus generating C-band HPM.

[0057] This scheme achieves cross-S (center frequency of 2.5 GHz, corresponding microwave wavelength λ) S =12.00cm), C (center frequency is 4.5GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ) C =6.67cm), X (center frequency is 9.8GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ) X =3.06cm), Ku (center frequency is 13.56GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ) Ku =2.21cm), K (center frequency is 20.0GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ) K =1.50cm) Frequency-adjustable relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator (corresponding dimensions are: R1=40mm, R2=100mm, R3=48mm, R4=74mm, R5=60mm, R6=98.5mm, R7=86.5mm, R8=74mm, R9=78mm, R 10 =80mm, R 11 =74mm, R 12 =79mm, L1=160mm, L2=60mm, L3=32mm, L4=50mm, L5=14mm, L6=14mm, L7=70mm, L8=9mm, L 9=9mm; R'3=34mm, R'4=46mm, R′5=58mm, R′6=50mm, R′7=46mm, R′8=48mm, R′9=49mm, R′ 10 =46mm, R′ 11 =50mm, L′1=125mm, L′2=13mm, L′3=15mm, L′4=3mm, L′5=3mm, L′6=31mm, L′7=3mm, L′8=2mm; ).

[0058] In particle simulations, when the external electromagnetic structure is active, with a diode voltage of 670kV and a current of 7.5kA, adjusting the guiding magnetic field to 0.7T results in an S-band microwave power output of 1.65GW and a beam-wave efficiency of 32.8%; adjusting the guiding magnetic field to 0.4T results in a C-band microwave power output of 1.5GW and a beam-wave efficiency of 29.8%. When the intermediate electromagnetic structure is active, with a diode voltage of 670kV and a current of 7.5kA, adjusting the guiding magnetic field to 2.2T results in an X-band microwave power output of 1.75GW and a beam-wave efficiency of 34.8%; adjusting the guiding magnetic field to 1.5T results in a Ku-band microwave power output of 1.6GW and a beam-wave efficiency of 31.8%. When the internal electromagnetic structure is active, with a diode voltage of 420kV and a current of 4.9kA, adjusting the guiding magnetic field to 1.0T results in a K-band microwave power output of 0.65GW and a beam-wave efficiency of 31.6%. As can be seen from the above results, the present invention can overcome the problem of the limited number of bands that conventional frequency-tuned relativistic Cherenkov microwave generators can cross. By simply changing the configuration and strength of the external guiding magnetic field, microwave output across five bands (S, C, X, Ku, and K) can be achieved in a single device, which has important reference value for the design of multi-band frequency modulation devices.

[0059] See Figure 8 It can be seen that the S-band slow wave structure 609 can excite the quasi-TEM mode π-mode electric field distribution with a center frequency of 2.5 GHz (belonging to the S-band).

[0060] See Figure 9 It can be seen that the C-band slow wave structure 610 can excite the electric field distribution of the quasi-TEM mode π mode with a center frequency of 4.5 GHz (belonging to the C-band).

[0061] See Figure 10 It can be seen that the X-band slow-wave structure 609a can excite the electric field distribution of the quasi-TEM mode π mode with a center frequency of 13.56 GHz (belonging to the Ku band).

[0062] See Figure 11 It can be seen that the Ku-band slow-wave structure 610a can excite the electric field distribution of the quasi-TEM mode π mode with a center frequency of 9.8 GHz (belonging to the X-band).

[0063] See Figure 12 It can be seen that the K-band slow wave structure 609b can excite a TM with a center frequency of 20 GHz (belonging to the K-band). 01 Electric field distribution of the π-mode.

[0064] See Figure 13It can be seen that the S-band slow wave structure 609 can operate in the quasi-TEM mode with a center frequency of 2.5 GHz (belonging to the S-band), and the C-band slow wave structure 610 can operate in the quasi-TEM mode with a center frequency of 4.5 GHz (belonging to the C-band).

[0065] See Figure 14 It can be seen that the X-band slow wave structure 609a can operate in the quasi-TEM mode with a center frequency of 9.8 GHz (belonging to the X-band), and the Ku-band slow wave structure 610a can operate in the quasi-TEM mode with a center frequency of 13.56 GHz (belonging to the Ku-band).

[0066] See Figure 15 It can be seen that the K-band slow wave structure 609b can operate at a center frequency of 20 GHz (belonging to the K-band) in TM. 01 The 610b Ka-band slow-wave architecture can operate at a center frequency of 28.1 GHz (belonging to the Ka-band) in TM mode. 01 mold.

[0067] See Figure 16 It can be seen that the external resonant reflector 607 has a good reflection effect on S and C band microwaves. When the external electromagnetic structure is working, it can effectively isolate the inner, middle and outer electromagnetic structures and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0068] See Figure 17 It can be seen that the intermediate resonant reflector cavity 607a has a good reflection effect on X and Ku band microwaves. When the intermediate electromagnetic structure is working, it can effectively isolate the inner, middle and outer electromagnetic structures and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0069] See Figure 18 It can be seen that the internal resonant reflective cavity 607b has a good reflection effect on K-band microwaves. When the internal electromagnetic structure is working, it can effectively isolate the internal, middle and external electromagnetic structures and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0070] See Figure 19 It can be seen that the high-power microwave oscillation in the S-band is excited, the microwave starts oscillating in 9ns, saturates after 17ns, and the microwave power after saturation is 1.65GW.

[0071] See Figure 20 It can be seen that the high-power microwave oscillation in the C-band is excited, the microwave oscillation starts at 7ns, saturates after 14ns, and the microwave power is 1.5GW after saturation.

[0072] See Figure 21 It can be seen that the high-power microwave oscillation in the X-band is excited, the microwave oscillation starts in 10ns, saturates after 23ns, and the microwave power is 1.75GW after saturation.

[0073] See Figure 22It can be seen that the high-power microwave oscillation in the Ku band is excited, the microwave oscillation starts at 12ns, saturates after 22ns, and the microwave power is 1.6GW after saturation.

[0074] See Figure 23 It can be seen that the high-power microwave oscillation in the K-band is excited, the microwave oscillation starts in 10ns, saturates after 20ns, and the microwave power is 0.65GW after saturation.

Claims

1. A five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on electrical tuning, characterized in that: It consists of a cathode structure, an external electromagnetic structure, an intermediate electromagnetic structure, and an internal electromagnetic structure. The cathode structure includes a cathode holder (601) and a cathode (602). The external electromagnetic structure includes an anode outer cylinder (603), an intermediate conductor (604), an external transition cavity (605), an external first drift tube (606), an external resonant reflection cavity (607), an external second drift tube (608), an S-band slow wave structure (609), an external connecting section (610), a C-band slow wave structure (611), an external microwave output port (612), an external support rod (613), a first solenoid magnetic field (614), and a second solenoid magnetic field (615). The intermediate electromagnetic structure includes an internal conductor (602). 04a) The structure includes a first drift tube (606a), a resonant reflection cavity (607a), a second drift tube (608a), an X-band slow wave structure (609a), a connecting section (610a), a Ku-band slow wave structure (611a), a microwave output port (612a), and a support rod (613a). The internal electromagnetic structure includes an internal transition cavity (605b), an internal first drift tube (606b), an internal resonant reflection cavity (607b), an internal second drift tube (608b), a K-band slow wave structure (609b), an internal collecting electrode (610b), and an internal microwave output port (611b). The entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis. The cathode (602) is a thin-walled cylinder fitted on the right end of the cathode seat (601), with a radius equal to the radius R1 of the inner electron beam; the inner radius of the anode outer cylinder (603) is R2, and the inner surface has irregular corrugations. The inner surface of the intermediate conductor (604) and the outer surface of the inner conductor (604a) both have irregular corrugations. The inner surface of the anode outer cylinder (603) and the outer surface of the intermediate conductor (604) together constitute the external electromagnetic structure. The inner surface of the intermediate conductor (604) and the outer surface of the inner conductor (604a) together constitute the intermediate electromagnetic structure. The inner surface of the inner conductor (604a) constitutes the internal electromagnetic structure. The external transition cavity (605) is an annular cavity with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section. The inner and outer radii of the upper base are R3 and R4, respectively, and the inner and outer radii of the lower base are R5 and R4, respectively, satisfying R4 > R5 > R3 > R1. The height is L1, and L1 is taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 1-2 times; the external first drift tube 606 is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R4 respectively, and a length of L2, where L2 is the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.5-2 times; the external resonant reflective cavity (607) is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R6 respectively, where R6 > R5, and its length is L3, where L3 is the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.2-0.8 times; the external second drift tube (608) is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R5 and R4 respectively, and a length of L4, where L4 is the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.4-0.6 times; the S-band slow wave structure (609) consists of four identical slow wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part. The radius of the concave part is R7, and the radius of the convex part is R8, where R6 > R7 > R8; the length of the concave part is L5, and L5 is taken as the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.1-0.25 times; the length of the protruding part is L6, where L6 is the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.1-0.25 times; the C-band slow wave structure (611) consists of five identical slow wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part, the radius of the concave part being R. 10 The radius of the protruding part is R. 11 R7 > R 10 The length of the recessed portion is L8, and L8 is taken as the C-band operating wavelength λ. C The length of the protruding part is 0.1-0.25 times that of the C-band operating wavelength λ, and L9 is taken as λ. C 0.1-0.25 times; a circular outer connecting segment (610) is provided between the S-band slow wave structure (609) and the C-band slow wave structure (611), the outer radius of the outer connecting segment (610) is R9, the inner radius is R5, and the condition R is satisfied. 10 >R9>R8; Length is L7, where L7 is the S-band operating wavelength λ. S 0.5-1.3 times; after the C-band slow wave structure (611) is the external microwave output port (612), which is a microwave output port with inner and outer radii of R5 and R respectively. 12 The annular cavity is formed by the anode outer cylinder (603) and the intermediate conductor (604), R 11 <R 12 The external support rod (613) is used to support the intermediate conductor (604) so ​​that its axis is parallel to the radial center of the anode outer cylinder (603); the right end of the external microwave output port (612) is connected to the antenna, which can be designed according to the general antenna design method with reference to the requirements of different wavelengths. The first drift tube in the middle (606a) is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'4 respectively, where R'4 < R3, and its length is L'1, where L'1 is the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 3-6 times; the intermediate resonant reflector cavity (607a) is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'5 respectively, where R'5 > R'4, and its length is L'2, where L'2 is taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.3-0.8 times; the middle second drift tube (608a) is an annular cavity with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R'4 respectively, and a length of L'3, where L'3 is taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.4-0.6 times; the X-band slow-wave structure (609a) consists of six identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part. The radius of the concave part is R'6, and the radius of the convex part is R'7, where R'6 > R'7; the length of the concave part is L'4, and L'4 is taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.1-0.25 times; the length of the protruding part is L'5, where L'5 is the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 0.1-0.25 times; the Ku-band slow-wave structure (611a) consists of seven identical slow-wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex part. The radius of the concave part is R'9, and the radius of the convex part is R'. 10 R'6 > R'9; the length of the concave portion is L'7, where L'7 is the Ku-band operating wavelength λ. Ku The length of the protruding part is 0.1-0.25 times that of the Ku-band operating wavelength λ, and L'8 is taken as λ. Ku 0.1-0.25 times; a circular intermediate connecting segment (610a) is set between the X-band slow wave structure (609a) and the Ku-band slow wave structure (611a). The outer radius of the intermediate connecting segment (610a) is R'8, the inner radius is R'3, and R'8 > R'3 is satisfied; the length is L'6, ​​and L'6 is taken as the X-band operating wavelength λ. X 1-1.3 times; following the Ku-band slow wave structure (611a) is the intermediate microwave output port (612a), which is a structure with inner and outer radii of R'3 and R' respectively. 11 The annular cavity is formed by an intermediate conductor (604) and an inner conductor (604a), R' 10 <R'9<R' 11 The intermediate support rod (613a) is used to support the internal conductor (604a) so that its axis is parallel to the radial center of the anode outer cylinder (603); the right end of the intermediate microwave output port (612a) is connected to the antenna, which can be designed according to the requirements of different wavelengths and the general antenna design method. The internal transition cavity (605b) is a frustum-shaped cavity with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, carved out at the front end of the inner conductor (604a), with a lower base side length of... The length of the upper base is satisfy Gao Wei The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 6-10 times; the internal first drift tube (606b) is a radius of A cylindrical cavity, with a length of The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.3-0.8 times; the internal resonant reflective cavity (607b) has a radius of cylindrical cavity, Length The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.2-0.5 times; the internal second drift tube (608b) is a radius of A cylindrical cavity, with a length of The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.2-0.4 times; the K-band slow wave structure (609b) consists of eight identical slow wave blades, each of which is a periodic stepped structure with one concave and one convex portion, the radius of which is 0.2-0.4 times; The radius of the protrusion is The length of the concave portion is The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.1-0.3 times; the length of the protruding part is The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 0.1-0.25 times; following the K-band slow wave structure (609b) is the collector (610b), which is a frustum-shaped cavity with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, and the upper base side length is... The length of the lower base is satisfy Gao Wei The value is taken as the K-band operating wavelength λ. K 10-20 times; the internal microwave output port (611b) is a radius of The cylindrical cavity satisfies The right end of the internal microwave output port (611b) is connected to an antenna, which can be designed according to the requirements of different wavelengths and the general antenna design method. The first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder (603). By energizing different solenoid magnetic fields, the magnetic field configuration is changed, so that the electron beam is transmitted to the inner, middle and outer electromagnetic structures respectively.

2. A frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on electrical tuning across five bands according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode holder (601), anode outer cylinder (603), intermediate conductor (604), and inner conductor (604a) are made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The S-band slow wave structure (609), C-band slow wave structure (611), external connecting section (610), X-band slow wave structure (609a), intermediate connecting section (610a), Ku-band slow wave structure (611a), and K-band slow wave structure (609b) are made of non-magnetic stainless steel, oxygen-free copper, or titanium. The cathode (602) is made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper-clad foil. The first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) are made of enameled copper wire or glass fiber-coated copper wire.

3. A frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on electrical tuning across five bands according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transcenter frequency of 2.5 GHz, corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ. S =12.00cm S-band, center frequency 4.5GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ C The C-band wavelength is 6.67 cm, with a center frequency of 9.8 GHz, corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ. X The X-band wavelength is 3.06 cm, with a center frequency of 13.56 GHz, corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ. Ku =2.21cm Ku band, center frequency 20.0GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength λ K A frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator in the K-band with a wavelength of 1.50 cm is designed with the following dimensions: R1 = 40 mm, R2 = 100 mm, R3 = 48 mm, R4 = 74 mm, R5 = 60 mm, R6 = 98.5 mm, R7 = 86.5 mm, R8 = 74 mm, R9 = 78 mm, R... 10 =80mm, R 11 =74mm, R 12 =79mm, L1=160mm, L2=60mm, L3=32mm, L4=50mm, L5=14mm, L6=14mm, L7=70mm, L8=9mm, L 9=9mm; R'3=34mm, R′4=46mm, R′5=58mm, R′6=50mm, R′7=46mm, R′8=48mm, R′9=49mm, R′ 10 =46mm, R′ 11 =50mm, L′1=125mm, L′2=13mm, L′3=15mm, L′4=3mm, L′5=3mm, L′6=31mm, L′7=3mm, L′8=2mm; 4. An electrical tuning method based on the five-band frequency-hopping relativistic Cherenkov oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The specific steps of this method are as follows: S1 K-band microwave generation: The cathode explodes and emits light under high voltage. Simultaneously, the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is energized to generate a radially curved magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam is transmitted from the cathode to the internal first drift tube (606b). After stabilization, it propagates axially into the K-band slow-wave structure region of the internal electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the hollow TM... 01 The mode generates beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field, thereby generating K-band HPM; S2 X and Ku band microwave generation: The cathode undergoes explosive emission under high voltage. Both the first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) are energized, generating magnetic fields of similar strength. The combination of these two fields produces a uniform axial magnetic field. Guided by this magnetic field, the electron beam propagates axially to the X and Ku band slow-wave structure region of the intermediate electromagnetic structure. In the slow-wave structure region, the electron beam and the coaxial TM... 01 The mode generates a beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field to produce HPM; due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is 2T-2.4T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the Ku-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and it can only undergo Cherenkov radiation with the X-band slow-wave structure, thus producing X-band HPM; when the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is 1.3T-1.7T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the X-band slow-wave structure is suppressed, and it can only undergo Cherenkov radiation with the Ku-band slow-wave structure, thus producing Ku-band HPM; S3 S and C band microwave generation: The cathode explodes and emits light under high voltage. The first solenoid magnetic field (614) is energized to generate a strong magnetic field, and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is energized to generate a weak magnetic field. The difference in magnetic field strength causes the magnetic field lines to bend, thereby generating a gradient matching magnetic field. Under the guidance of this magnetic field, the electron beam is transmitted from the cathode to the external first drift tube (606). After stabilization, it is transmitted axially to the S and C band slow wave structure region of the external electromagnetic structure. In the slow wave structure region, the electron beam and the coaxial TM 01 The mode generates a beam-wave interaction, transferring energy to the microwave field to produce HPM. Due to the cyclotron resonance absorption effect, when the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is 0.6T-0.9T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the C-band slow wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the S-band slow wave structure, thus producing S-band HPM. When the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnetic field (614) and the second solenoid magnetic field (615) is 0.3T-0.5T, the beam-wave interaction between the electron beam and the S-band slow wave structure is suppressed, and Cherenkov radiation can only occur with the C-band slow wave structure, thus producing C-band HPM.

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