Reformer with natural gas desulfurization and steam water carbon ratio optimization mechanism and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of reformer, and particularly relates to a reformer adopting natural gas desulfurization and steam water carbon ratio optimization mechanism and application thereof; the reformer can improve the uniformity of mixed gas and catalyst contact, promote the reaction to proceed rapidly, and effectively reduce the water carbon ratio; the reformer comprises a furnace body and a furnace tube reactor built in the furnace body; the furnace tube reactor comprises a tube body, a hollow tube built in the middle of the tube body, porous filler filled between the tube body and the hollow tube, a spiral shaft rotatably installed in the hollow tube, and a driving impeller rotatably installed on the upper part of the hollow tube; a storage device for storing granular catalyst is installed at the bottom of the hollow tube; a feeding port communicating with the inside of the storage device is arranged on the hollow tube; the driving impeller is in transmission connection with the spiral shaft; an air inlet port allowing mixed gas to enter is arranged on the top of the tube body; the driving impeller adopts a conical impeller; a plurality of through holes are arranged on the conical impeller in the axial direction of the conical impeller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of converters, and in particular to a converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, a converter is a device that converts hydrocarbons into syngas in the presence of a catalyst. It can be classified into three types: top-burner converters, side-burner converters, and terrace-type converters. During operation, the use of natural gas desulfurization and steam water-to-carbon ratio optimization mechanisms can effectively reduce the water-to-carbon ratio, resulting in better economic advantages. However, the reduction of the water-to-carbon ratio is closely related to the degree of complete reaction of the mixed gas (for details, see: Analysis and Operation Optimization of Water-to-Carbon Ratio in Natural Gas Conversion, Chemical Industry and Engineering Technology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2001, Author: Ma Bing).

[0003] For example, a Chinese invention patent discloses a converter tube and a converter (publication (announcement) number CN208747627U), which specifically proposes a converter tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing input gas. The outer shell tube is divided into a reaction chamber and a discharge chamber by a separation disc. A catalyst decanter bed of steam reforming active solid catalyst is arranged in the reaction chamber. At least one heat exchanger tube is arranged in the reaction chamber and within the catalyst decanter bed. The inlet end of the heat exchanger tube is in fluid communication with the catalyst decanter bed, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger tube is in fluid communication with the discharge chamber. The gas-contacting components of the converter tube, particularly the at least one heat exchanger tube, are made of a nickel-based alloy and coated with an aluminum diffusion layer on their inner surfaces.

[0004] However, when the inventors implemented this device, they found the following defects: in order to effectively promote the complete reaction and reduce the water-to-carbon ratio, the temperature uniformity, the uniformity of contact with the catalyst, and the catalytic performance of the catalyst itself all need to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a converter and its application that employs a natural gas desulfurization and steam water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism to improve the uniformity of contact between the mixed gas and the catalyst, promote rapid reaction, and effectively reduce the water-carbon ratio.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism, comprising a furnace body and a furnace tube reactor built into the furnace body. The furnace tube reactor includes a tube body, a hollow tube built into the middle of the tube body, porous packing filling the space between the tube body and the hollow tube, a spiral shaft rotatably installed inside the hollow tube, and a drive impeller rotatably installed on the upper part of the hollow tube. A storage container for storing particulate catalyst is installed at the bottom of the hollow tube, and a feed inlet communicating with the inside of the storage container is provided on the hollow tube. The drive impeller is drivenly connected to the spiral shaft, and an air inlet port allowing mixed gas to enter is provided at the top of the tube body. Furthermore, the porous packing has multiple axial holes arranged along the central axis of the tube body, which allow particulate catalyst and mixed gas to pass through. The drive impeller is integrally connected to the top of the spiral shaft through multiple connecting rods; the drive impeller can also be integrally connected to the top of the spiral shaft through other connecting parts.

[0009] Preferably, the driving impeller is a conical impeller, and the conical impeller is provided with a plurality of through holes arranged along the axial direction of the conical impeller; further, the through holes are located between two adjacent blades on the driving impeller.

[0010] Preferably, the furnace tube reactors are in multiple groups. An installation plate is fixedly installed on the upper part of the furnace body, and a gas burner is installed at the bottom center of the installation plate. The multiple groups of furnace tube reactors are evenly distributed around the gas burners. The furnace body is provided with a gas supply pipe communicating with the gas burners. The top of the furnace body is provided with a main air inlet pipe, and the output end of the main air inlet pipe is provided with a gas distribution pipe communicating with the air inlet port of each furnace tube reactor. Furthermore, the gas burner is provided with a flame plate facing each furnace tube reactor.

[0011] Preferably, an exhaust pipe is provided on the lower side wall of the furnace body, and the central axis of the exhaust pipe is inclined upward.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an inclined bottom plate, and a drain pipe is provided at the end of the furnace body near the bottom plate that is inclined downward.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the spiral shaft is provided with a tapered head.

[0014] Preferably, the straight pipe section on the pipe body is provided with multiple straight cylindrical sections connected end to end in sequence, and the ends of the multiple straight cylindrical sections are detachably connected; furthermore, the ends of two adjacent straight cylindrical sections are detachably connected by pipe clamps; two adjacent straight cylindrical sections can also be detachably connected by bolts or other equivalent parts.

[0015] Preferably, the storage container is cone-shaped, with the large-diameter port of the cone-shaped storage container facing upwards, and a feeding port is provided on the furnace body near the storage container, with a sealing door hinged to the feeding port.

[0016] Preferably, a ladder is provided on the outer wall of the furnace near the sealing door.

[0017] Preferably, the particulate catalyst is a nickel-cobalt / modified alumina-porous carbon catalyst.

[0018] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism, which has the following beneficial effects: In this converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism, pressurized mixed gas enters the tube body through the gas inlet port. The pressurized gas acts on the drive impeller, causing the drive impeller to rotate. The drive impeller drives the spiral shaft to rotate, and the spiral shaft transports the particulate catalyst in the storage container to the upper part of the hollow tube. The particulate catalyst disperses into the porous packing, and at the same time, the mixed gas enters the porous packing simultaneously. The mixed gas and the particulate catalyst are fully contacted in the porous packing. Under heating conditions, the mixed gas reacts fully, which can effectively improve the uniformity of contact between the mixed gas and the catalyst, promote rapid reaction, and effectively reduce the water-carbon ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the furnace tube reactor of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of the furnace tube reactor structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point BB;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the CC section;

[0027] The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Furnace body; 2. Furnace tube reactor; 3. Tube body; 4. Hollow tube; 5. Porous packing; 6. Spiral shaft; 7. Drive impeller; 8. Storage container; 9. Feed inlet; 10. Through hole; 11. Mounting plate; 12. Gas burner; 13. Gas supply pipe; 14. Main gas inlet pipe; 15. Gas distribution pipe; 16. Exhaust pipe; 17. Bottom plate; 18. Drain pipe; 19. Conical head; 20. Straight cylinder section; 21. Sealing door; 22. Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-7 The present invention discloses a converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism, comprising a furnace body 1 and a furnace tube reactor 2 built into the furnace body 1. The furnace tube reactor 2 includes a tube body 3, a hollow tube 4 built into the middle of the tube body 3, a porous packing 5 filling the space between the tube body 3 and the hollow tube 4, a spiral shaft 6 rotatably installed inside the hollow tube 4, and a drive impeller 7 rotatably installed on the upper part of the hollow tube 4. A storage container 8 for storing particulate catalyst is installed at the bottom of the hollow tube 4, and a feed inlet 9 communicating with the interior of the storage container 8 is provided on the hollow tube 4. The drive impeller 7 is drively connected to the spiral shaft 6. The top is provided with an air inlet port that allows the mixed gas to enter; further, the porous packing 5 is provided with multiple axial holes arranged along the central axis of the tube 3, which allow the particulate catalyst and the mixed gas to pass through. The drive impeller 7 is connected to the top of the spiral shaft 6 by multiple connecting rods; the drive impeller 7 can also be connected to the top of the spiral shaft 6 by other connecting parts; in this embodiment, the tube 3 can be heated by igniting the gas to promote the full reaction of the mixed gas after contacting the particulate oxidant; further, the porous packing 5 is preferably made of flame-retardant thin-walled material, such as metal plate or ceramic plate.

[0030] Specifically, the drive impeller 7 is a conical impeller with multiple through holes 10 arranged along the axial direction of the conical impeller. Furthermore, the through holes 10 are located between two adjacent blades on the drive impeller 7. By adopting a conical impeller for the drive impeller 7, the particulate catalyst discharged from the top of the hollow tube 4 can be dispersed and slide down along the conical outer wall of the drive impeller 7. The particulate catalyst is dispersed and falls into the porous packing 5 through the through holes 10, further improving the uniformity of the distribution of particulate catalyst in the porous packing 5, thereby improving the uniformity of contact between the mixed gas and the particulate catalyst and ensuring sufficient reaction between the mixed gas.

[0031] Specifically, there are multiple sets of furnace tube reactors 2. An installation plate 11 is fixedly installed in the upper part of the furnace body 1. A gas burner 12 is installed in the middle of the bottom end of the installation plate 11. Multiple sets of furnace tube reactors 2 are evenly distributed around the gas burner 12. A gas supply pipe 13 connected to the gas burner 12 is provided on the furnace body 1. An air inlet main pipe 14 is provided at the top of the furnace body 1. A gas distribution pipe 15 connected to the air inlet port of each furnace tube reactor 2 is provided at the output end of the air inlet main pipe 14. Furthermore, the gas burner 12 is provided with a flame plate facing each furnace tube reactor 2. Gas is injected into the gas burner 12 through the gas supply pipe 13 and ignited. The flame generated by the combustion of gas is sprayed towards the outer wall of each furnace tube reactor 2, which heats the furnace tube reactor 2 and makes each furnace tube reactor 2 evenly heated. The mixed gas is dispersed into each furnace tube reactor 2 through the air inlet main pipe 14 and the gas distribution pipe 15, which effectively increases the conversion and processing capacity of the mixed gas and further improves the degree of conversion reaction of the mixed gas.

[0032] Specifically, an exhaust pipe 16 is provided on the lower side wall of the furnace body 1, and the central axis of the exhaust pipe 16 is inclined upward. After the reaction is completed, the gas converted is discharged through the exhaust pipe 16. The upward inclination of the central axis of the exhaust pipe 16 can play a certain role in obstructing the flow of some water vapor in the furnace body 1, so that the water vapor condenses and settles at the bottom of the furnace body 1, reducing the water content in the gas generated after conversion.

[0033] Specifically, the bottom of the furnace body 1 is provided with an inclined bottom plate 17, and a drain pipe 18 is provided at the downward inclined end of the furnace body 1 near the bottom plate 17. Through the arrangement of the bottom plate 17 and the drain pipe 18, water and other liquids accumulated at the bottom of the furnace body 1 can be discharged out by themselves through the drain pipe 18, reducing the accumulation of water and other liquids at the bottom of the furnace body 1.

[0034] Specifically, the top of the spiral shaft 6 is provided with a conical head 19; through the conical head 19, the pressurized airflow entering the air inlet can be broken, reducing the airflow entering the hollow tube 4, so that the airflow is evenly dispersed along the outer wall of the conical head 19, thereby making the airflow of the mixed gas evenly dispersed into the tube body 3.

[0035] Specifically, the straight pipe section on the pipe body 3 is provided with multiple straight cylindrical sections 20 connected end to end, and the ends of the multiple straight cylindrical sections 20 are detachably connected; furthermore, the ends of two adjacent straight cylindrical sections 20 are detachably connected by pipe clamps; two adjacent straight cylindrical sections 20 can also be detachably connected by bolts or other equivalent parts; through the above settings, it is convenient to disassemble and assemble the porous packing 5 inside the pipe body 3, and to facilitate the later inspection and maintenance of the inside of the pipe body 3.

[0036] Specifically, the storage container 8 is in the shape of a cone, with the large-diameter port of the cone-shaped storage container 8 facing upwards. A feeding port is provided on the furnace body 1 near the storage container 8, and a sealing door 21 is hinged to the feeding port. The granular catalyst that falls after passing through the porous packing 5 is collected in the storage container 8. Due to the cone-shaped design of the storage container 8, the granular catalyst can automatically gather at the feed port 9 of the hollow tube 4 under the action of gravity. The granular catalyst in the storage container 8 can be easily replaced through the feeding port.

[0037] Specifically, a ladder 22 is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body 1 near the sealing door 21; the ladder 22 can provide a standing point for operators, making it easy for operators to climb to the sealing door 21 to carry out maintenance and repair on the inside of the furnace body 1.

[0038] Specifically, the particulate catalyst is a nickel-cobalt / modified alumina-porous carbon catalyst.

[0039] The catalyst is prepared as follows:

[0040] Preparation of S1 carrier:

[0041] Mix 40g of alumina powder with 100ml of distilled water and stir until well combined.

[0042] The alumina support was dried at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain a dried alumina support.

[0043] The dried alumina was mixed with porous carbon material at a mass ratio of 1:1.5.

[0044] S2 impregnation step:

[0045] Dissolve 5 grams of nickel nitrate and 5 grams of cobalt nitrate in 100 ml of distilled water and stir thoroughly.

[0046] The above-mentioned mixed carrier was immersed in a solution containing nickel and cobalt for 4 hours to ensure uniform adsorption of metal ions.

[0047] After impregnation, dry at 80°C for 12 hours.

[0048] S3 calcination steps:

[0049] The dried carrier was calcined in an oxygen environment.

[0050] The calcination temperature was set at 500℃ for 3 hours.

[0051] S4 restoration steps:

[0052] The calcined catalyst is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere.

[0053] The reduction temperature was set to 450℃ and the duration was 2 hours to obtain the nickel-cobalt / modified alumina-porous carbon catalyst.

[0054] The working principle of this catalyst:

[0055] Catalyst active centers: Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co), as active components of the catalyst, form metallic active centers in the reduced state that can promote the conversion reactions of methane and other hydrocarbons. Nickel has good carbon-hydrogen bond activation ability, while cobalt can provide additional reaction pathways, enhancing the versatility of the catalyst.

[0056] The role of the support: Modified alumina provides stable structural support and a high surface area, which helps disperse active metals and reduces metal particle agglomeration, thereby improving catalyst activity and lifetime. The addition of porous carbon materials further increases the specific surface area and porosity of the catalyst, promoting the diffusion and transport of gas molecules and improving catalytic efficiency.

[0057] Desulfurization mechanism: In the natural gas desulfurization process, the catalyst can promote the conversion of sulfur compounds such as H2S, prevent sulfides from corroding the catalyst and subsequent equipment, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0058] Water-to-carbon ratio optimization: In steam reforming, catalysts promote the reaction of methane with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. By optimizing catalyst design and operating conditions, high conversion rates can be achieved at lower water-to-carbon ratios, reducing energy consumption and costs.

[0059] Integration of catalyst with the working process of the converter:

[0060] Catalyst delivery and dispersion: In the converter, pressurized mixed gas drives an impeller to rotate, conveying granular catalyst to the upper part of the hollow tube via a helical shaft. The catalyst particles then disperse and fall into the porous packing. This design ensures sufficient contact between the catalyst and the gas, improving reaction efficiency.

[0061] Reaction under heating: Under heating conditions, the mixed gas and catalyst come into full contact and react within the porous packing. Heating not only provides the activation energy required for the reaction but also maintains the activity and stability of the catalyst.

[0062] Improved efficiency and uniformity: This method effectively enhances the uniformity of contact between the mixed gas and the catalyst, promoting rapid reaction. This is crucial for natural gas desulfurization and optimization of the water-to-carbon ratio, contributing to improved overall conversion efficiency and reduced energy consumption and production costs.

[0063] This invention presents a nickel-cobalt / modified alumina-porous carbon catalyst that exhibits significant high efficiency, economy, environmental friendliness, stability, and durability in the field of natural gas processing. By optimizing the catalyst's composition and structure, not only are highly efficient natural gas conversion and desulfurization reactions achieved, improving gas utilization and product quality, but cost factors are also considered in the design. The selection of economical and suitable raw materials and the improvement of the preparation process achieve a balance between cost and benefit. Furthermore, the combination of modified alumina and porous carbon materials not only enhances the catalyst's structural stability and durability but also significantly extends its service life. These comprehensive characteristics make this catalyst significant in terms of technological innovation, economic benefits, and environmental protection.

[0064] In use, pressurized mixed gas is injected into the corresponding furnace tube reactor 2 through the main inlet pipe 14 and the distribution pipe 15. The pressurized mixed gas enters the tube body 3 through the inlet port. The pressurized gas acts on the drive impeller 7, causing the drive impeller 7 to rotate. The drive impeller 7 drives the spiral shaft 6 to rotate. The spiral shaft 6 transports the particulate catalyst in the storage tank 8 to the upper part of the hollow tube 4. The particulate catalyst disperses and falls into the porous packing 5. At the same time, the mixed gas enters the porous packing 5. The mixed gas and the particulate catalyst are fully contacted in the porous packing 5. The gas is injected into the gas burner 12 through the gas supply pipe 13 and ignited. The flame generated at the gas burner 12 heats each furnace tube reactor 2, causing the mixed gas in the tube body 3 to fully react after contact with the particulate catalyst. The gas produced after the conversion reaction is discharged through the exhaust pipe 16, completing the conversion reaction of the mixed gas.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A converter employing a natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism, characterized in that, Includes a furnace body (1) and a furnace tube reactor (2) built into the furnace body (1); The furnace tube reactor (2) includes a tube body (3), a hollow tube (4) built into the middle of the tube body (3), a porous packing (5) filled between the tube body (3) and the hollow tube (4), a spiral shaft (6) rotatably installed in the hollow tube (4), and a drive impeller (7) rotatably installed on the upper part of the hollow tube (4). The top of the tube body (3) is provided with an air inlet port that allows pressurized mixed gas to enter. The hollow tube (4) is equipped with a storage container (8) for storing particulate catalyst at the bottom. The storage container (8) is in the shape of a cone, with the large-diameter port of the cone-shaped storage container (8) facing upward. The hollow tube (4) is provided with a feed inlet (9) that communicates with the inside of the storage container (8). The porous packing (5) is provided with a plurality of axial holes arranged along the central axis of the tube (3), and the axial holes allow particulate catalyst and mixed gas to pass through; The drive impeller (7) is connected to the top of the spiral shaft (6) by multiple connecting rods, and the top of the spiral shaft (6) is provided with a conical head (19). The driving impeller (7) is a conical impeller, and the conical impeller is provided with a plurality of through holes (10) arranged along the axial direction of the conical impeller. The through holes (10) are located between two adjacent blades on the driving impeller (7). The pressurized mixed gas enters the pipe body (3) through the inlet port and acts on the drive impeller (7), causing the drive impeller (7) to rotate. The drive impeller (7) drives the spiral shaft (6) to rotate. The spiral shaft (6) transports the particulate catalyst in the storage container (8) to the upper part of the hollow pipe (4) through the feed port (9). The particulate catalyst is dispersed along the conical outer wall of the drive impeller (7) and falls into the porous packing (5) through the through hole (10). At the same time, the mixed gas enters the porous packing (5) and contacts the particulate catalyst.

2. The converter with natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace tube reactor (2) consists of multiple sets. An installation plate (11) is fixedly installed in the upper part of the furnace body (1). A gas burner (12) is installed in the middle of the bottom end of the installation plate (11). The multiple sets of furnace tube reactors (2) are evenly distributed around the gas burner (12). A gas supply pipe (13) connected to the gas burner (12) is provided on the furnace body (1). An air inlet main pipe (14) is provided at the top of the furnace body (1). A gas distribution pipe (15) connected to the air inlet port of each furnace tube reactor (2) is provided at the output end of the air inlet main pipe (14). A flame plate facing each furnace tube reactor (2) is provided on the gas burner (12).

3. The converter employing natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The furnace body (1) is provided with an exhaust pipe (16) on the lower side wall, and the central axis of the exhaust pipe (16) is inclined upward; the furnace body (1) is provided with an inclined bottom plate (17) at the bottom, and a drain pipe (18) is provided at the end of the furnace body (1) near the bottom plate (17) that is inclined downward.

4. The converter employing natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipe body (3) has a number of straight cylindrical sections (20) connected end to end at the straight pipe section, and the multiple straight cylindrical sections (20) can be detachably connected end to end.

5. The converter employing natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body (1) is provided with a feeding port near the storage container (8), and a sealing door (21) is hinged to the feeding port. A ladder (22) is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body (1) near the sealing door (21).

6. The converter employing natural gas desulfurization and steam-water-carbon ratio optimization mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particulate catalyst is a nickel-cobalt / modified alumina-porous carbon catalyst.

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