Steel arch support and spraying integrated device and use method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a steel arch support and spraying integrated equipment and a use method thereof, and the device comprises a steel frame and a steel arch mounting device, a plurality of groups of drilling and blasting platforms are mounted on the steel frame, the drilling and blasting platform comprises a bidirectional pushing platform hinged to the steel frame and an amplitude changing oil cylinder hinged to the bidirectional pushing platform, the bidirectional pushing platform comprises a main platform, an outer platform and an inner platform, a bidirectional telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in a longitudinal rod on the two sides of the main platform, the steel arch mounting device comprises a support plate connected to the waist of the steel frame, a plurality of jacking oil cylinders are vertically connected to the support plate, the jacking oil cylinders are connected with a support table, support hinge seats are hinged to the two ends of the support table, and the steel arch support and spraying integrated equipment further comprises a concrete spraying device connected to the steel frame. The steel frame originally only used for single drilling and blasting function is changed into an integrated equipment capable of drilling and blasting construction, adjusting and mounting a steel arch and spraying concrete, so that one machine is used for multiple purposes, cost is effectively saved, and benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and specifically relates to an integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel excavation methods include drill-and-blast, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method, and pipe jacking method, among others. Drill-and-blast remains the most adaptable and widely used method. However, traditional drill-and-blast is a labor-intensive construction method with low mechanization, poor construction safety, and overall low construction efficiency, which is greatly affected by geological conditions.

[0003] After completing the tunnel drilling and blasting and excavation processes on the steel frame, operators must promptly use steel arch frames to support and protect the excavated rock surface. Then, concrete is sprayed onto the rock surface to combine the steel arch frames and the rock surface, providing overall support and protection to prevent collapse. Currently, the steel arch frame support is installed piece by piece using manual labor and loaders, followed by concrete spraying using equipment such as wet shotcrete machines. This process is inefficient, and each step—drilling and blasting, steel arch frame installation, and concrete spraying—uses different equipment.

[0004] This patent, through an innovative approach, integrates drilling and blasting, steel support installation, and concrete spraying into a single device, achieving mechanization and intelligentization while ensuring safety, improving efficiency, and enhancing quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment and its usage method, which aims to improve tunnel construction methods and enhance the efficiency and economy of tunnel construction through multi-functionality and integrated process.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an integrated steel arch frame support and spraying device, comprising a steel frame and a steel arch frame installation device. Multiple drilling and blasting platforms are mounted on the steel frame. Each drilling and blasting platform includes a bidirectional jacking platform hinged to the steel frame and a variable amplitude cylinder hinged to the bidirectional jacking platform. The other end of the variable amplitude cylinder is hinged to the steel frame. The bidirectional jacking platform includes a main platform, an outer platform, and an inner platform. Bidirectional telescopic cylinders are arranged in the longitudinal bars on both sides of the main platform. The outer longitudinal bars and inner longitudinal bars of the outer platform and inner platform at both ends of the main platform are extended or retracted by the pushing action of the bidirectional telescopic cylinders. The steel arch frame installation device includes a support plate connected to the waist of the steel frame. Multiple jacking cylinders are vertically connected to the support plate. The jacking cylinders are connected to a support platform. Support hinge seats are hinged at both ends of the support platform for placing the steel arch frame to be installed. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying device further includes a concrete spraying device connected to the steel frame.

[0007] Preferably, the concrete spraying device includes a spray anchor platform, a spray anchor frame, and two aggregate plates. A peripheral rack is provided on the outer side of the steel frame, and planetary gears mesh on the peripheral rack. The planetary gears are connected to the spray anchor platform via connecting arms. A fixed rod is also connected to the planetary gears, and the other end of the fixed rod is rotatably connected to a limiting wheel. The limiting wheel is engaged in a slot in the steel frame. A sector tooth is provided on the spray anchor platform, and a track groove is laterally connected to the spray anchor platform. The two aggregate plates are located on the upper and lower sides of the spray anchor frame, respectively. A drive gear meshing with the sector tooth is provided on the track groove and the aggregate plates. The drive gear is driven by a gear motor.

[0008] Preferably, multiple pressure rollers are arranged at the upper and lower positions of the ends of the main platform longitudinal box girder.

[0009] Preferably, the shotcrete frame is equipped with a shotcrete pipe, the shotcrete pipe is a telescopic joint structure, an air bladder is provided between the shotcrete pipe and the shotcrete frame, the air bladder is equipped with a spring, the shotcrete pipe is connected to a mortar pipe, and the mortar pipe is connected to a mortar pump.

[0010] Preferably, the track groove is provided with a strip-shaped through groove, and the end of the spray anchor frame is provided with a traveling wheel, which is located in the strip-shaped through groove.

[0011] Preferably, a material collection wheel is installed on the side of the material collection plate facing the spray anchor frame, and the material collection wheel is driven by a material collection motor.

[0012] Preferably, a hopper is provided at the connection between the two aggregate plates, and the hopper is connected to a mortar recovery pump via a recovery pipe.

[0013] Preferably, both ends of the track groove are provided with fixed pulleys, one of which is driven by a transverse motor. After a ring-shaped steel wire rope is wound around the two fixed pulleys, the rope ends are fixed to the two ends of the shotcrete frame. The fixed pulleys are driven by friction of the transverse motor, which in turn drives the shotcrete frame to move left and right by rolling the traveling wheels on the bottom plate of the track groove. The bottom of the track groove is provided with a strip-shaped through groove for the shotcrete pipe to pass through.

[0014] Preferably, a folding railing is also provided above the outer platform and the inner platform.

[0015] Preferably, the folding railings are detachably connected by connecting hinges.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a control device, which includes an electrical control cabinet, a power cabinet, a battery, and control software arranged on the inner platform of the steel frame.

[0017] Preferably, cameras are installed on the steel frame, support platform, and spray anchor frame.

[0018] Preferably, a pipe groove is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame, and the pipe groove is used to lay the mortar pipe.

[0019] Preferably, the mortar pipe includes a sandwich layer, and a spring is provided in the sandwich layer so that the mortar pipe can extend or retract in a timely manner according to the movement position of the spray anchor under the action of the spring force.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of using an integrated steel arch frame spraying device, specifically including the following construction methods: The S1 drilling and blasting process includes the following sub-steps: S11. Transfer the steel frame to the working face where excavation is required; S12 starts the luffing cylinder to adjust the bidirectional jacking platform to a horizontal position, and starts the bidirectional telescopic cylinder to extend the outer platform and inner platform from the longitudinal bar of the main platform. After the S13 platform extends, the folding railings installed on the inner and outer platforms extend together with the inner and outer platforms. Then, the folding railings are erected and assembled, and the folding railings of each platform are connected to form a whole protective railing. S14 drilling and blasting operators carry out drilling and blasting operations on the bidirectional jacking platform. After the operation is completed, the operation can be carried out in the reverse order of the above sequence. First, the folding railing is laid flat, then the inner and outer platforms are retracted into the main platform. Then, the main platform is adjusted to a vertical state by the luffing cylinder so as not to interfere with the entry and exit of the equipment. The installation of S2 steel arch frames includes the following sub-steps: S21 Install the steel arch frames onto the support platform on top of the steel frame according to the required number of steel arch frames. Each steel arch frame must be placed on the hinge support platform to ensure stable placement. After the S22 starts the top support cylinder to lift the platform, adjust the top support cylinder to further adjust the position of the platform and the steel arch frame for proper installation. On the premise of ensuring the platform is level, ensure that the steel arch frame is lifted to the required position, and then install the steel support vertical legs. After the steel support is installed, the spraying process can begin. The S3 concrete spraying construction process includes the following sub-steps: S31 controls the planetary gear of the concrete spraying and anchoring device. The planetary gear moves around the rack and drives the spraying and anchoring platform to the required spraying position. S32 starts the mortar pump, and mortar enters the pipe in the shotcrete frame from the shotcrete pipe. The horizontal movement motor drives the ring steel wire rope, which in turn drives the shotcrete pipe to move laterally left and right. The gear motor drives the drive gear to rotate, so that the shotcrete pipe swings and shifts around the hinge points at both ends of the shotcrete platform to achieve a better shotcrete effect.

[0021] Preferably, S32 further includes: the spraying and anchoring process is adjusted back and forth by the airbag and spring in the spraying and anchoring frame. The airbag can be inflated to drive the spraying and anchoring pipe to extend step by step. When it needs to be shortened, the airbag is deflated appropriately, and the tension of the return spring can pull the spraying and anchoring pipe back to the position that is balanced with the pressure inside the airbag, that is, to achieve the desired position to which the spraying and anchoring pipe is retracted, so that the nozzle of the spraying and anchoring pipe maintains a reasonable distance from the rock surface to be sprayed and protected. When it is necessary to retract the spraying and anchoring frame to the minimum position, all the gas in the airbag is released. Preferably, S32 further includes: two aggregate plates, driven by an aggregate motor, swing around the hinge points at both ends of the spray anchor platform to better receive the rebounded concrete and mortar; after the aggregate wheel, driven by the aggregate motor, scrapes off the concrete and mortar adhering to the aggregate plates, the concrete and mortar are returned to the mortar pump for recycling.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High versatility. Through ingenious design, this patent transforms a single-function steel frame, originally only capable of drilling and blasting, into an integrated device that can perform drilling and blasting operations, adjust and install steel arch frames, and perform concrete spraying. This achieves multiple uses in one machine, effectively saving costs and improving efficiency.

[0023] 2. Standardized Manufacturing. This patent meets the requirements of standardized manufacturing, allowing for the addition of steel arch frame installation and concrete spraying equipment to various drilling and blasting steel frames or other functional steel frames, thus quickly achieving standardized manufacturing conditions.

[0024] 3. Simple and practical. This patented structure is ingenious and simple, easy to install. Compared with traditional methods, it not only reduces the equipment configuration and a series of costs for different processes, but also reduces the time spent on equipment placement and adjustment, enabling rapid conversion and further improving construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an integrated steel arch frame support and spraying device according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an integrated steel arch frame support and spraying device according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the drilling and blasting platform on the left side in this invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drilling and blasting platform on the left side of this invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drilling and blasting platform in this invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the concrete spraying device in this invention.

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Side view.

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Sectional view along the AA direction.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel frame and the planetary gears in this invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the steel arch frame installation device in this invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the sprayed anchor frame in this invention.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sprayed anchor frame in this invention.

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the sprayed anchor frame in this invention.

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the folding railing in this invention.

[0040] Figure 15 This is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 The right view.

[0042] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 The left view.

[0043] Figure 18 This is a side view of the drilling and blasting platform in this invention.

[0044] Figure 19 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the mortar pump in this invention.

[0045] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tube groove in this invention.

[0046] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the steel arch frame in this invention.

[0047] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the drilling and blasting platform on the right side of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drilling and blasting platform on the right side of the present invention.

[0049] In the above attached diagrams: 10. Steel frame; 11. Peripheral rack; 12. Slot; 13. Camera; 14. Planetary gear motor; 20. Steel arch frame installation device; 21. Support plate; 22. Top support cylinder; 23. Support platform; 24. Support hinge seat; 30. Drilling and blasting platform; 31. Bidirectional jacking platform; 32. Luffing cylinder; 33. Main platform; 34. Outer platform; 35. Inner platform; 36. Pressure roller; 37. Bidirectional telescopic cylinder; 38. Outer longitudinal rod; 39. Inner longitudinal rod; 40. Concrete spraying device; 41. Spray anchor platform; 42. Spraying... Anchor frame; 43. Aggregate plate; 44. Planetary gear; 45. Connecting arm; 46. Fixed rod; 47. Limiting wheel; 48. Sector gear; 49. Drive gear; 50. Sprayed anchor pipe; 51. Airbag; 52. Spring; 53. Mortar pipe; 54. Mortar pump; 55. Aggregate wheel; 56. Track groove; 57. Fixed pulley; 58. Horizontal movement motor; 59. Ring steel wire rope; 60. Folding railing; 61. Recycling pipe; 62. Recycling mortar pump; 63. Aggregate hopper; 64. Traveling wheel; 65. Hinge rod; 66. Pipe groove; A. Steel arch frame. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The embodiments described herein are clearly and completely provided; however, they are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0054] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0055] See Figures 1-23 As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides an integrated steel arch frame spraying device, including a steel frame 10 and a steel arch frame mounting device 20. Multiple drilling and blasting platforms 30 are mounted on the steel frame 10. Each drilling and blasting platform 30 includes a bidirectional jacking platform 31 hinged to the steel frame 10 and a variable amplitude cylinder 32 hinged to the bidirectional jacking platform 31. The other end of the variable amplitude cylinder 32 is hinged to the steel frame 10. The bidirectional jacking platform 31 includes a main platform 33. The outer platform 34 and inner platform 35, and the longitudinal rods on both sides of the main platform 33 are equipped with bidirectional telescopic cylinders 37. The bidirectional telescopic cylinders 37 push the outer longitudinal rods 38 and 39 of the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 at both ends of the main platform 33 to extend or retract. The steel arch frame installation device 20 includes a support plate 21 connected to the waist of the steel frame 10. Multiple top support cylinders 22 are vertically hinged to the support plate 21. The top support cylinders 22 are hinged to the support platform 23. Figure 21 As shown, the two ends of the support platform 23 are hinged with hinge seats 24, which are used to place the steel arch frame A to be installed; the integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment also includes a concrete spraying device 40 connected to the steel frame 10.

[0056] In this patent, such as Figure 3-5 and Figure 22-23 As shown, the outer longitudinal rods 38 and inner longitudinal rods 39 of the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 at both ends of the main platform 33 can be extended or retracted by the bidirectional telescopic hydraulic cylinder 37. The outer platform 34 extends out from the pre-reserved hole in the steel frame 10 and will not interfere with the steel frame 10. The outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 are respectively connected between a pair of outer longitudinal rods 38 and a pair of inner longitudinal rods 39. The outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 are extended and retracted through the box girder opening slide rail on the inner side of the main longitudinal rod.

[0057] The reason for setting up the outer platform 34 is that personnel need to carry out drilling and blasting operations on the platform. However, since the outer platform 34 also needs to operate the shotcrete device, in order to avoid interference, the outer platform 34 needs to be retracted to the main platform 33 before the shotcrete operation. The reason for setting up the inner platform 35 is that personnel need to carry out drilling and blasting operations on the platform. After the operation is completed, the inner platform 35 needs to be retracted to facilitate the passage of equipment. The two inner platforms 35 on the same level and of the same height can also be connected into a whole. The specific method is that the longitudinal bar at one end extends into the longitudinal bar with a flared opening on the other end to form an embedded connection. The inner platforms are connected into a whole, which can be more secure and facilitate drilling and blasting operations for more people and more equipment.

[0058] In the above embodiments, each supporting cylinder can be lifted synchronously or asynchronously under the control of the control system. Each supporting cylinder can also rotate around its bottom hinge point arranged on the support plate. Under the combined action of the extension, contraction and rotation of the supporting cylinders, while ensuring that the upper surface of the support platform is basically horizontal, the support platform can swing back and forth and left and right on the plane to adapt to the needs of adjusting the installation position of the steel arch frame. Each steel arch frame is placed on a set of supporting hinge platforms to adapt to the curvature of the steel arch frame and ensure that the steel arch frame is placed securely.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figures 6-7 , Figure 11-13 As shown, the concrete spraying device 40 includes a spraying anchor platform 41, a spraying anchor frame 42, and two aggregate plates 43. A peripheral rack 11 is provided on the outer side of the steel frame 10, and planetary gears 44 mesh on the peripheral rack 11. The planetary gears are driven by a planetary gear motor 14. The planetary gears 44 are connected to the spraying anchor platform 41 via a connecting arm 45. A fixing rod 46 is also connected to the planetary gears 44. The other end of the fixing rod 46 is rotatably connected to a limiting wheel 47, which is engaged in a slot 12 within the steel frame 10. The spraying anchor platform 41 is provided with a fan-shaped... The spray anchor platform 41 is laterally connected to the track groove 56. The two collection plates 43 are located on the upper and lower sides of the spray anchor frame 42, respectively. The collection plates 43 are hinged to the spray anchor platform 41. The track groove 56 and the collection plates 43 are provided with drive gears 49 that mesh with the sector teeth 48. The drive gears 49 are driven by a gear motor, so that the track groove 56 and the collection plates 43 can rotate around their respective hinge points. Under the traction of the transverse motor driving the rotating wheel and the annular steel wire rope 59, the travel wheels at the bottom of the spray anchor frame travel in the track groove.

[0060] The steel frame 10 is the main body of the equipment in this patent. Existing drilling and blasting trolleys have multiple personnel operating platforms set on the inner and outer sides of the steel frame and at each high level for drilling and blasting operations. In order to avoid affecting the movement of the spray anchor frame used for spraying protection, this patent eliminates the fixed personnel operating platforms and adopts a telescopic operating platform, achieving effective functionality. This patent has multiple sets of drilling and blasting platforms 30, each set consisting of a bidirectional jacking platform 31 and a luffing cylinder 32 supporting it. The luffing cylinder 32 can support the bidirectional jacking platform 31 and drive it to adjust its angle. By adjusting the platform to a vertical angle, large equipment can pass through the space in the middle of the steel frame.

[0061] In some preferred embodiments, see Figures 1-4 Multiple pressure rollers 36 are arranged at the upper and lower positions of the longitudinal box girder of the main platform 33, which can ensure that the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 extending in the cantilever state are in a stable load-bearing state and do not sway.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The shotcrete frame 42 is equipped with a shotcrete pipe 50, which is a multi-section telescopic joint structure. An airbag 51 is provided between the shotcrete pipe 50 and the shotcrete frame 42. A spring 52 is provided inside the airbag 51. The shotcrete pipe 50 is connected to a mortar pipe 53, and the mortar pipe 53 is connected to a mortar pump 54.

[0063] like Figures 5-6 , Figure 11-13 As shown, the function of the airbag 51 is to extend each section of the multi-section shotcrete frame 42 sequentially when inflated. When retraction is needed, the airbag 51 can be deflated appropriately. Simultaneously, the spring 52 arranged inside the airbag 51, with the accumulated spring force, can pull the shotcrete frame 42 back and retract. The extension of the shotcrete frame 42 is to ensure a suitable distance from the shotcrete surface, ensuring shotcrete quality while reducing mortar rebound. By moving laterally and swinging left and right within the track groove 56, the shotcrete frame 42 can spray the rock surface within a wide strip to a reasonable thickness, completely solving the problem of low shotcrete efficiency. The mortar for shotcreting is delivered to the site by an external mortar mixer truck, supplying the mortar pump 54 arranged under the steel frame. The mortar pump 54 pressurizes the mortar and then delivers it to the shotcrete frame through an external shotcrete pipe to further complete the shotcrete operation on the rock surface.

[0064] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 19The aggregate plate 43 is equipped with an aggregate wheel 55 on the side facing the shotcrete frame 42. The aggregate wheel 55 is driven by an aggregate motor and has multiple aggregate plates connected to it. During shotcrete operations, the falling concrete and mortar fall onto the aggregate plate 42 and are collected in the aggregate hopper by the rotating aggregate wheel 55. Then, they enter the slurry mixing machine through the aggregate hopper and recovery pipe 61 arranged below. A recovery mortar pump 62 is set at the part where the recovery pipe 61 connects to the slurry mixing machine so that a negative pressure is formed in the recovery pipe 61 during the operation of the return pump, which sucks the slurry collected by the aggregate plate into the return hopper of the slurry mixing machine. A motor and stirring blade are arranged in the return hopper. Under the unified control of the electrical control cabinet, the mortar is pumped by the mortar pump and transported to the shotcrete frame through the shotcrete pipe for shotcrete operations on the rock surface.

[0065] In the above implementation, the entire shotcrete platform 41 can move back and forth on the circumferential rack 11 arranged around the steel frame 10 in a meshing manner through the planetary gears 44 arranged at the bottom of both ends, so as to ensure that concrete and mortar are evenly laid on each part to be shotcreted.

[0066] See appendix Figure 19 and attached Figure 20 To facilitate the protection of the slurry mixer, it is generally located on one side of the inner side of the steel frame. At different points where the spraying and anchoring platform moves to the circumferential rack, to ensure that the spraying and anchoring pipes and return slurry pipes do not interfere with the planetary gears and other operating mechanisms, and to guarantee normal slurry flow, this patent features a pipe groove 66 fixedly installed on the outer side of the steel arch frame. The pipe groove 66 adopts an outwardly extending flange opening to allow the mortar pipe 53 and the recovery pipe 61 to smoothly enter the groove. After being connected from the slurry mixer, the mortar pipe 53 and the recovery pipe 61 pass through the through-holes at the bottom of the steel frame and are then laid along the pipe groove. The mortar pipe 53 and the recovery pipe 61 are also designed as pressure-resistant flexible hoses with internal springs, allowing them to extend and retract in time according to the movement position of the spraying and anchoring platform under the action of the spring force. This ensures that the length of the mortar pipe 53 and the recovery pipe 61 corresponds to the position of the spraying and anchoring platform, and the springs also support the internal space of the pipes, ensuring that the recovery pipe 61 does not become flattened and blocked under the negative pressure suction of the recovery mortar pump 62.

[0067] Alternatively, a preferred option can be adopted, namely, setting up multiple spray anchor platforms, which run in sections on the rack of the steel frame to ensure proper connection and material supply with the mortar pipe 53 and the recycling pipe 61.

[0068] As the shotcrete platform 41 moves to different parts of the toothed rack 11, the angles of the two aggregate plates 43 are adjusted automatically under the control program to achieve better collection of rebound concrete. After the steel arch frame and concrete of the top and side arches of this section are installed and shotcreted, the steel frame 10 is transferred to another section and the above process is repeated. The mortar pump 54, control cabinet, battery, etc., which supply mortar to the shotcrete platform 41, are arranged on a platform inside the steel frame that does not interfere with vehicle passage and shotcreting.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 11-13 As shown, the shotcrete frame 42 is installed in the track groove, and the bottom of the shotcrete frame 42 is equipped with a traveling wheel. Both ends of the track groove 56 are equipped with fixed pulleys 57. One of the fixed pulleys 57 is driven by a transverse motor 58. After the annular steel wire rope 59 is wound around the two fixed pulleys 57, the rope ends are fixed at both ends of the shotcrete frame 42. The transverse motor 58 drives the fixed pulleys 57 by friction, which in turn drives the shotcrete frame 42 to move left and right by rolling the traveling wheel on the bottom plate of the track groove. The bottom of the track groove is a through groove structure, through which the shotcrete pipe 50 can pass. The shotcrete pipe 50 does not interfere with the transverse movement of the shotcrete frame 42.

[0070] In some preferred embodiments, a folding railing 60 is also provided above the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35. The folding railing is also folded upside down above the outer platform 34 and inner platform 36, and extends and retracts along with the outer and inner longitudinal bars via the box girder opening slide rails on the inner side of the main platform longitudinal bars. After the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 are extended, the folding railing laid flat on the outer platform 34 and inner platform 35 can be stood upright, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the folding railings 60 on both sides are connected by connecting hinges 65 to ensure reliable erection and provide protection for personnel working on the platform.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments, a hopper 63 is provided at the connection between the two aggregate plates 43. The hopper 63 is connected to a mortar recovery pump 62 via a recovery pipe 61. The mortar rebounding during the shotcrete process is collected by the mortar recovery pump and returned to the feeding area. Then, it is pumped back into the shotcrete pipe by the mortar pump 54 for shotcrete, thereby reducing mortar loss.

[0072] In some preferred embodiments, a control device is also included. This control device comprises an electrical control cabinet, a power cabinet, a battery, and control software, all arranged on the inner platform of the steel frame. The electrical control cabinet houses hardware such as a transceiver system and a control system, along with supporting software. The power cabinet contains power supply and distribution components. The battery provides a reliable power supply to the entire device. All related devices are connected via electricity and signals. This patent allows control from the electrical control cabinet on the steel frame, as well as remote control offline. An automatic control mode can also be set. Cameras positioned on the steel frame, support platform, and spray anchor frame acquire image information, which is then transmitted to the control system in the electrical control cabinet. The program automatically identifies and judges the information, and adjusts and controls the actions according to the program settings. This part of the structure is not shown in the figures.

[0073] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 10-11As shown, the steel frame 10, the support platform 23 and the shotcrete frame 42 are equipped with cameras 13. After the camera 13 acquires image information, the information is transmitted to the control system of the electrical control cabinet. The program automatically identifies and judges the information and automatically adjusts and controls the actions according to the program settings.

[0074] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a method of using the above-described integrated steel arch frame spraying equipment, specifically including the following construction methods: The S1 drilling and blasting process includes the following sub-steps: S11. Transfer the steel frame 10 to the working face where it needs to be excavated; S12 starts the variable amplitude cylinder 32 to adjust the bidirectional jacking platform 31 to a horizontal position, and starts the bidirectional telescopic cylinder 37 to extend the outer platform 34 and the inner platform 35 from the longitudinal bar of the main platform 33. According to the combined control of the control system and the power system, only one of the outer platform or the inner platform can be extended, or it can be not fully extended as needed. After the S13 platform extends, the folding railings 60 set on the inner platform 35 and the outer platform 34 extend together with the inner platform 35 and the outer platform 34. After the folding railings are erected and assembled, the folding railings of each platform are connected to form an integral protective railing by connecting hinge rods, which plays a very good safety protection role. S14 Drilling and blasting operators carry out drilling and blasting operations on the bidirectional jacking platform 31. After the operation is completed, the operation can be carried out in the reverse order of the above sequence. First, the folding railing 60 is laid flat, then the inner platform 35 and the outer platform 34 are retracted into the main platform 33. Then, the main platform 33 is adjusted to a vertical state by the variable amplitude cylinder 32 so as not to interfere with the entry and exit of the equipment. The installation of S2 steel arch frames includes the following sub-steps: S21 Install the steel arch frame onto the support platform 23 on top of the steel frame 10 according to the required number of steel arch frames. Each steel arch frame must be placed on the hinge platform 24 to ensure stable placement. After S22 starts the top support cylinder 22 to lift the support platform 23, adjust the top support cylinder 22 to further adjust the position of the support platform 23 and the steel arch frame for alignment installation. After the support platform is lifted vertically, if position adjustment is required, it can be adjusted manually or the coordinates of the position to be reached can be entered in the program and controlled by the program linkage. Under the premise of ensuring that the support platform 23 is horizontal, ensure that the steel arch frame is lifted to the required position, and then install the steel support vertical legs. After the steel support is installed, the spraying protection stage can be entered. The S3 concrete spraying construction includes the following sub-steps: Before carrying out concrete spraying construction, the outer platform of the main platform and other structures that interfere with the operation of the spraying anchor platform should be retracted to control the planetary gear 44 of the concrete spraying anchor device 40. The planetary gear 44 moves around the circumferential rack 11, driving the spraying anchor platform 41 to move to the required spraying position. S32 starts the mortar pump 54, and the mortar enters the pipe in the spray anchor frame 42 from the spray anchor pipe 50. The lateral movement motor 58 drives the rotating wheel and the ring steel wire rope 59, which further drives the spray anchor frame 42 to move laterally in the strip groove of the track groove 56. The gear motor drives the drive gear 49 to rotate, so that the spray anchor frame 42 swings around the hinge points at both ends of the spray anchor platform 41 to achieve a better spray anchor effect.

[0075] In some preferred embodiments, step S32 of the above embodiment further includes: the shotcrete process is adjusted back and forth by the airbag 51 and spring 52 in the shotcrete frame 42. The airbag 51 can be inflated to drive the shotcrete tube 50 to extend step by step. When it needs to be shortened, the airbag 51 is deflated appropriately, and the tension of the spring 52 can pull the shotcrete tube 50 back to the position where the pressure inside the airbag 51 is balanced, that is, to achieve the position where the shotcrete tube 50 is to be retracted so that the nozzle of the shotcrete tube 50 is at a reasonable distance from the rock surface to be protected. When it is necessary to retract the shotcrete frame to the minimum position, all the gas in the airbag 51 is released.

[0076] In some preferred embodiments, step S32 of the above embodiment further includes: the two aggregate plates 43, driven by the gear motor, swing around the hinge points at both ends of the spray anchor platform 41 to better receive the rebounded concrete and mortar; the aggregate wheel 55, driven by the aggregate motor, scrapes off the concrete and mortar adhering to the aggregate plates 43, so that the concrete and mortar can be returned to the mortar pump for recycling.

[0077] As an alternative implementation method, in addition to spraying mortar, the construction device can also perform other functions such as concrete pouring by replacing the spray anchor frame with a concrete pouring frame.

[0078] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here; that is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel arch frame integrated spraying equipment, comprising a steel frame and a steel arch frame installation device, characterized in that, Multiple drilling and blasting platforms are installed on the steel frame. Each drilling and blasting platform includes a bidirectional jacking platform hinged to the steel frame and a variable amplitude cylinder hinged to the bidirectional jacking platform. The other end of the variable amplitude cylinder is hinged to the steel frame. The bidirectional jacking platform includes a main platform, an outer platform, and an inner platform. Bidirectional telescopic cylinders are arranged in the longitudinal bars on both sides of the main platform. By pushing the bidirectional telescopic cylinders, the outer longitudinal bars and inner longitudinal bars of the outer platform and inner platform at both ends of the main platform can be extended or retracted. The steel arch frame installation device includes a support plate connected to the waist of the steel frame. Multiple jacking cylinders are vertically connected to the support plate. The jacking cylinders are connected to a support platform. The two ends of the support platform are hinged to support hinge seats for placing the steel arch frame to be installed. The integrated arch frame and spraying equipment also includes a concrete spraying device connected to the steel frame. The concrete spraying device includes a spray anchor platform, a spray anchor frame, and two aggregate plates. A circumferential rack is provided on the outer side of the steel frame, and planetary gears mesh on the circumferential rack. The planetary gears are connected to the spray anchor platform through a connecting arm. A fixed rod is also connected to the planetary gears. The other end of the fixed rod is rotatably connected to a limiting wheel, which is engaged in a slot in the steel frame. The spray anchor platform is provided with sector teeth, and a track groove is connected laterally on the spray anchor platform. The two aggregate plates are located on the upper and lower sides of the spray anchor frame, respectively. The aggregate plates are hinged to the spray anchor platform, and the track groove and the aggregate plates are provided with drive gears that mesh with the sector teeth. The drive gears are driven by a gear motor.

2. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple pressure rollers are arranged at the upper and lower positions of the ends of the longitudinal box girder of the main platform.

3. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shotcrete frame is equipped with a shotcrete pipe, which is a telescopic joint structure. An air bladder is provided between the shotcrete pipe and the shotcrete frame, and a spring is provided inside the air bladder. The shotcrete pipe is connected to a mortar pipe, and the mortar pipe is connected to a mortar pump.

4. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The track groove is provided with a strip-shaped through groove, and the end of the spray anchor frame is provided with a traveling wheel, which is located in the strip-shaped through groove.

5. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, A material collection wheel is installed on the side of the material collection plate facing the shotcrete frame, and the material collection wheel is driven by a material collection motor.

6. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, A hopper is provided at the connection between the two aggregate plates, and the hopper is connected to a mortar recovery pump via a recovery pipe.

7. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both ends of the track groove are equipped with fixed pulleys. One of the fixed pulleys is driven by a transverse motor. After a ring steel wire rope is wound around the two fixed pulleys, the rope ends are fixed to the two ends of the shotcrete frame. The fixed pulleys are driven by friction of the transverse motor, which in turn drives the shotcrete frame to move left and right by rolling the traveling wheels on the bottom plate of the track groove. The bottom of the track groove is provided with a strip-shaped through groove for the shotcrete pipe to pass through.

8. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, Folding railings are also provided above the outer and inner platforms.

9. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The folding railings are detachably connected by connecting hinges.

10. A steel arch frame integrated spraying equipment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It also includes a control device, which includes an electrical control cabinet, a power cabinet, a battery, and control software arranged on the inner platform of the steel frame.

11. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cameras are installed on the steel frame, support platform, and shotcrete frame.

12. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, A pipe groove is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame, and the pipe groove is used to lay the mortar pipe.

13. The integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 12, characterized in that, The mortar pipe includes a sandwich layer, and a spring is provided inside the sandwich layer so that the mortar pipe can extend or retract in a timely manner according to the movement position of the spray anchor under the action of the spring force.

14. A method of using the integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, the following construction methods are included: S1. Drilling and blasting process construction, which specifically includes the following sub-steps: S11. Transfer the steel frame to the working face where excavation is required; S12. Start the luffing cylinder to adjust the bidirectional jacking platform to a horizontal position, and start the bidirectional telescopic cylinder to extend the outer platform and inner platform from the longitudinal bar of the main platform. S13. After the platform extends, the folding railings set on the inner and outer platforms extend together with the inner and outer platforms. Then, after the folding railings are erected and assembled, the folding railings of each platform are connected to form a whole protective railing. S14. Drilling and blasting operators carry out drilling and blasting operations on the bidirectional jacking platform. After the operation is completed, the operation can be carried out in the reverse order of the above sequence. First, the folding railing is laid flat, then the inner platform and outer platform are retracted into the main platform. Then, the main platform is adjusted to a vertical state by the luffing cylinder so as not to interfere with the entry and exit of the equipment. S2. Steel arch frame installation construction, which specifically includes the following sub-steps: S21. Install the steel arches onto the support platform on top of the steel frame according to the required number of steel arches. Each steel arch must be placed on the hinge support platform to ensure stable placement. S22. After starting the top support cylinder to lift the platform, adjust the top support cylinder to further adjust the position of the platform and the steel arch frame for proper installation. On the premise of ensuring the platform is level, ensure that the steel arch frame is lifted to the required position, and then install the steel support vertical legs. After the steel support is installed, the spraying process can begin. S3. Concrete spraying construction, which specifically includes the following sub-steps: S31. Control the planetary gear of the concrete spraying and anchoring device. The planetary gear moves around the circumferential rack, driving the spraying and anchoring platform to the required spraying position. S32. Start the mortar pump. The mortar enters the pipe in the shotcrete frame from the shotcrete pipe. The horizontal movement motor drives the ring steel wire rope, which in turn drives the shotcrete pipe to move laterally left and right. The gear motor drives the drive gear to rotate, so that the shotcrete pipe swings and shifts around the hinge points at both ends of the shotcrete platform to achieve a better shotcrete effect.

15. The method of using the integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that, S32 further includes: the shotcrete process is adjusted back and forth by the airbag and spring inside the shotcrete frame. The airbag is inflated to drive the shotcrete tube to extend step by step. When it needs to be shortened, the airbag is deflated appropriately, and the tension of the return spring can pull the shotcrete tube back to the position that is balanced with the pressure inside the airbag, that is, to achieve the desired position to which the shotcrete tube is retracted, so that the nozzle of the shotcrete tube maintains a reasonable distance from the rock surface to be protected. When it is necessary to retract the shotcrete frame to the minimum position, all the gas in the airbag is released.

16. The method of using the integrated steel arch frame support and spraying equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that, S32 further includes: two aggregate plates, driven by an aggregate motor, swing around the hinge points at both ends of the shotcrete platform to better receive the rebounded concrete and mortar; the aggregate wheel, driven by the aggregate motor, scrapes off the concrete and mortar adhering to the aggregate plates, allowing the concrete and mortar to flow back to the mortar pump for recycling.

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