Anti-backfire quartz tube flame polishing device and control system thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a backfire-proof quartz tube flame polishing device and its control system, relating to the field of quartz tube flame polishing technology, and aims to solve the backfire problem and the problem of quartz tube polishing effect detection in existing quartz tube flame polishing devices. The backfire-proof quartz tube flame polishing device includes a frame; a polishing assembly including an electrolytic water device and a flame gun; a backfire preventer disposed at the connection between the electrolytic water device and the flame gun, used to prevent backfire; a moving assembly mounted on the frame, including a moving device and a slider; a support assembly for fixing and supporting the quartz tube; a control terminal including a binocular camera, a detection camera, and a light source; and a control system for controlling the aforementioned backfire-proof quartz tube flame polishing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quartz tube flame polishing technology, specifically to a quartz tube flame polishing device and its control system that prevents backfire. Background Technology

[0002] Quartz glass is a high-quality optical material with excellent optical properties and chemical stability, and it is widely used in optical systems, lasers, communication equipment, and other fields. However, due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion, good heat resistance, and high hardness, quartz tubes are difficult to process and require stringent techniques. In particular, improper surface polishing of quartz can easily cause the tube to break.

[0003] For example, the patent with authorization announcement number CN112573809B, entitled "An Automatic Fire Polishing Device for the Inner Wall of a Quartz Tube," includes: a welding torch for polishing the quartz tube; a welding torch motion control device for controlling the welding torch to perform arc movements within a certain angle range, the welding torch being fixed on the welding torch motion control device; a bed support platform, with a support component for fixing the quartz tube at one end and an electrical control cabinet host computer for controlling the movement of the welding torch motion control device at the other end, the welding motion control device being mounted on the bed support platform; and a gas station for controlling the automatic on / off switching of the welding torch, the gas station being connected to the tail of the welding torch.

[0004] While existing flame polishing devices for quartz tubes can perform flame polishing, they lack a backfire prevention device, failing to avoid the dangers caused by backfire, and also lack a detection device, thus failing to effectively guarantee the polishing effect of the quartz tubes. Therefore, this invention provides a flame polishing device for quartz tubes with backfire prevention and its control system to solve the backfire problems and the problems of detecting the polishing effect of existing flame polishing devices for quartz tubes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quartz tube flame polishing device and its control system that prevents backfire, so as to solve the backfire problem and the problem of quartz tube polishing effect detection in the existing quartz tube flame polishing devices mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire, comprising:

[0007] frame;

[0008] A polishing assembly, comprising a water electrolysis device and a flame gun, wherein the water electrolysis device is used to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and the water electrolysis device is electrically connected to the flame gun, which is used for flame polishing of a quartz tube;

[0009] A flashback preventer is installed at the connection between the water electrolysis device and the flame gun, and the flashback preventer is used to prevent backfire.

[0010] A movable assembly, which is mounted on a frame, includes a moving device and a slider. The moving device is used to control the movement of the slider, and the flame gun is mounted on the slider.

[0011] A support assembly, which is mounted on a frame, is used to fix and support the quartz tube;

[0012] The control terminal includes a binocular camera, a detection camera, and a light source. The binocular camera is used to acquire position information of the flame gun, the quartz tube, and the detection camera. The light source is used to provide a constant light source. The detection camera is mounted on a mobile device and is used to scan and acquire surface features of the quartz tube.

[0013] Preferably, the moving device includes an x-axis guide rail and a z-axis guide rail, which are slidably connected. The z-axis guide rail moves along the x-axis axis on the x-axis guide rail. The slider is slidably connected to the z-axis guide rail, and moves along the z-axis axis on the z-axis guide rail. A y-axis guide rail is provided on the frame, and the moving device is slidably connected to the frame via the y-axis guide rail. The moving device controls the slider's directional movement in three-dimensional space via the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis guide rails. A rotating connector is provided on the slider for connecting the slider and the flame gun. The rotating connector can receive electrical signals to control the rotation angle. The detection camera is mounted on the x-axis guide rail.

[0014] The support assembly includes a support column and a support ring. The support column is mounted on the frame, and the support ring and the support column are fixedly connected. The support ring includes a fixed structure and a rolling structure. The fixed structure is used to fix the quartz tube on the support ring, and the rolling structure is used to rotate the quartz tube on the support ring in a directional manner.

[0015] Preferably, the flame gun includes an electromagnetic igniter, a temperature sensor, a gas guide tube, a regulating valve, a flow guide nozzle, and a protective gas tube. The electromagnetic igniter is used to ignite the flame gun, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the flame temperature, the gas guide tube is connected to an electrolytic water device, the gas guide tube is used to conduct hydrogen and oxygen gas into the flame gun, the regulating valve is used to regulate the flow rate of the gas guide tube, the protective gas tube is used to conduct protective gas into the flame gun, and the flow guide nozzle is used to eject gas from the flame gun.

[0016] The water electrolysis device includes an electrolysis chamber, a filter tank, and a pressure sensor. The electrolysis chamber is used to hold the electrolyte, the filter tank is used to filter the gas generated during electrolysis, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the output gas pressure of the water electrolysis device.

[0017] Preferably, the flashback preventer includes an air inlet, a pressure relief valve, a conical valve core, a pressure plate, a ceramic tube, an air outlet, a flashback temperature sensor, and a reset handle. The air inlet and outlet are used to conduct gas into the water electrolysis device and flame gun when the flashback preventer is working normally. The pressure plate is used to receive the gas deflagration shock wave caused by flashback and press down the conical valve core. The conical valve core is used to cut off the gas flow in the flashback preventer. The ceramic tube is used to extinguish flashback. The flashback temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the flashback preventer. The reset handle is used to reset the position of the pressure plate and the conical valve core to activate the flashback preventer.

[0018] The light source includes a moving guide rail, a light source support, and a light-emitting device. The moving guide rail is mounted on the frame, and the light source support is mounted on the moving guide rail and moves directionally along the moving guide rail. The light source support is used to support the light-emitting device, and the light-emitting device is used to provide a constant light source.

[0019] A control system for a backfire-preventing quartz tube flame polishing device is provided, applicable to the aforementioned backfire-preventing quartz tube flame polishing device. The control system includes an electrolysis module, a movement module, an ignition module, a detection module, and a reset module. The electrolysis module controls the water electrolysis device, the movement module controls the movement assembly, the ignition module controls the ignition and shutdown of the flame gun, the detection module controls the detection camera to detect the polishing effect of the quartz tube, and the reset module resets the backfire preventer that has been shut down due to backfire.

[0020] Preferably, the electrolysis module includes an electrolysis strategy, which includes acquiring a start signal, detecting the working time of the water electrolysis device, and if the working time is within the expected range, further detecting the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber; if the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber does not meet the preset liquid level range, injecting distilled water into the electrolysis chamber to raise the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber to the preset upper limit liquid level; if the working time is not within the expected range, injecting distilled water to clean the electrolysis chamber and injecting electrolyte into the electrolysis chamber to raise the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber to the preset upper limit liquid level; if the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber meets the preset liquid level range, starting electrolysis; acquiring the output gas pressure of the water electrolysis device through a pressure sensor, and if the pressure is greater than or equal to the maximum pressure limit, disconnecting the electrolysis power supply and outputting an alarm signal; if the pressure is less than the minimum pressure limit, disconnecting the electrolysis power supply and outputting an alarm signal; if the pressure is less than the maximum pressure limit but greater than or equal to the minimum pressure limit, inputting hydrogen and oxygen gas into the flame gun through a flashback arrestor and outputting a permitted ignition signal.

[0021] Preferably, the moving module includes a moving strategy, which includes scanning the frame of the device with a binocular camera, establishing a coordinate system along the frame with the lower left corner of the frame as the origin, acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube on the support assembly and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the flame gun through binocular camera scanning, adjusting the flame gun and the quartz tube on the support assembly to be on the same projection line through the y-axis guide rail, moving the flame gun to the end of the quartz tube near the flame gun through the x-axis guide rail, adjusting the flow nozzle of the flame gun to be perpendicular to the surface of the quartz tube through the rotating connector, and controlling the flow nozzle of the flame gun to move to a set position from the surface of the quartz tube through the z-axis guide rail and outputting a positioning signal.

[0022] Preferably, the ignition module includes an ignition strategy, which includes acquiring an ignition permission signal and a positioning signal, igniting the flame gun via an electromagnetic igniter, acquiring the flame temperature output by the flame gun via a temperature sensor, reducing the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas delivery pipe via a regulating valve if the flame temperature is greater than or equal to a preset upper temperature limit, increasing the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas delivery pipe via a regulating valve if the flame temperature is less than or equal to a preset lower temperature limit, thereby controlling the flame temperature, and outputting a polishing signal if the flame temperature is greater than the preset lower temperature limit but less than the preset upper temperature limit.

[0023] The ignition strategy also includes obtaining a shutdown signal, guiding protective gas through the protective gas pipe and the guide nozzle, obtaining the flame temperature through a temperature sensor, closing the regulating valve when the flame temperature is lower than the protection temperature to prevent hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the flame gun, stopping the supply of protective gas after a delay after the regulating valve is closed, outputting a shutdown completion signal, and controlling the water electrolysis device to shut down.

[0024] Preferably, the moving strategy further includes polishing logic, which includes acquiring a polishing signal, the moving device controlling the flame gun to move directionally along the quartz tube axis at a constant speed via an x-axis guide rail, acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate information of the flame gun in real time via a binocular camera, and when the flame gun moves to the other end of the quartz tube, the fixing structure on the support ring is released from the quartz tube and the quartz tube is directionally rotated via a rolling structure. After the quartz tube rotates to a set angle, the fixing structure fixes the quartz tube again, and the moving device controls the flame gun to move in the opposite direction along the quartz tube axis at a constant speed via an x-axis guide rail, moving from one end of the quartz tube to the other end, repeating the above steps to complete the flame polishing of one of the outer or inner surfaces of the quartz tube, and outputting a shut-off signal.

[0025] The movement strategy also includes a judgment logic, which includes judging the polishing requirements of the quartz tube. If only one side needs polishing, a detection signal is output. If both sides of the quartz tube need polishing, the movement device controls the flame gun to rotate through the rotating connector, so that the flame gun's guide nozzle is perpendicular to the other side surface of the quartz tube. The movement device controls the flame gun's guide nozzle to move to a set position from the surface of the quartz tube through the z-axis guide rail, and outputs a positioning signal and a polishing signal. The above polishing logic is executed again to complete the flame polishing of the other side surface of the quartz tube, and outputs a shutdown signal and a detection signal.

[0026] Preferably, the detection module includes a detection strategy, which includes acquiring a detection signal, acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device through a binocular camera, and the light-emitting source support component moving directionally along the quartz tube axis to the center position of the quartz tube based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device, and outputting a light-emitting signal.

[0027] The detection strategy also includes the following steps: the mobile device acquires the light emission signal, acquires the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera through the binocular camera, and based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube, the mobile device controls the detection camera to move to directly above the center of the quartz tube through the x-axis guide rail, the light emission device acquires the light emission signal, releases constant light, and outputs a scanning signal.

[0028] The detection strategy also includes: acquiring scanning signals with a detection camera, taking pictures and scanning the quartz tube, scanning the upper surface of the quartz tube with the detection camera to obtain the diameter of the quartz tube, denoted as D, setting the expected scanning area, scanning the quartz tube, and recording the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in the scanning area. The initial scanning area rotation angle is 0°.

[0029] The scan boundary is determined by the expected scan area, denoted as P, and expressed by the formula:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, A is the single rotation angle of the quartz tube. After the detection camera scans a expected scanning area, the fixing structure releases the quartz tube, the rolling structure controls the quartz tube to rotate by an angle A, and the fixing structure re-fixes the quartz tube. The detection camera scans the expected scanning area on the surface of the quartz tube at this angle. The above steps are repeated to complete a full scan of the surface of the quartz tube, and the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in each scanning area are calibrated accordingly.

[0032] The detection strategy also includes image detection logic, which includes preset feature information, cutting the RGB image captured by the detection camera, using the central axis of the quartz tube as the baseline, determining the retention area based on the expected scanning area, determining the image of each scanning area, normalizing and grayscale processing the determined image, using f(x,y) to represent the noisy image of the determined image, normalizing the noisy image using a normalization processing formula, and using f'(x,y) to represent the noisy image of each scanning area after normalization.

[0033] The image detection logic also includes a denoising model, which presets image data G(x, y) before denoising and image data G*(x, y) after denoising, sets the camera noise level to σ, the natural light noise level to τ, trains the denoising model using a loss function, and evaluates the denoising model using a denoising evaluation calculation formula:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, P is the noise reduction evaluation value, M represents the width pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y), and N represents the length pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y). The noise reduction model is trained.

[0036] The noisy image is input into the denoising model to obtain the denoised image Gf(x, y). The denoised image is then converted from an RGB image to an HSV format image. The upper and lower limits of color are defined by the hue H, saturation S, and brightness V corresponding to a constant light source, and the corresponding upper limit of hue H is set. max Hue lower limit H min Saturation limit S max Saturation lower limit S min Brightness limit V max Lower limit of brightness V min The color of the denoised image is detected to obtain a binary image. A mask is then output to shield the remaining color interference in the denoised image, highlighting the unpolished area of ​​the quartz tube. The total area is denoted as S1, with the overall size of the denoised image as the total area. The area of ​​the unpolished area is denoted as Unpolished areas, defined by the formula:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, Effective polishing is the effective polishing degree. The effective polishing degree of the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is obtained. A polishing degree threshold is set. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is greater than or equal to the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as a qualified area. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is less than the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as an unqualified area. The number of unqualified areas is counted, and the detection completion signal is output.

[0039] The detection strategy also includes acquiring a detection completion signal; if the number of unqualified areas is greater than a preset value, the above-mentioned ignition strategy and polishing logic are executed on all unqualified areas by the rotation angle corresponding to the unqualified areas, and the detection strategy is executed again; if the number of unqualified areas is less than or equal to the preset value, a qualified signal is output.

[0040] The reset module includes a reset strategy, which includes acquiring a reset signal, acquiring the temperature inside the flashback arrestor through a flashback temperature sensor, and if the temperature inside the flashback arrestor is less than or equal to a preset warning temperature, controlling the reset handle to reset the pressure plate and the conical valve core to activate the flashback arrestor and outputting an activation signal.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. This invention achieves on-demand production and use of hydrogen and oxygen required for flame polishing by using an electrolytic water device, a flashback preventer, and controlling the ignition and extinguishing of the flame gun, eliminating the need for gas storage and avoiding the risk of high-pressure gas cylinder explosions; the flashback preventer effectively avoids damage to the device caused by accidental flashback, effectively extending the overall lifespan of the device; and the control of the flame gun's ignition and extinguishing eliminates the possibility of flashback at its source, effectively improving the safety of the device.

[0043] 2. This invention autonomously controls the flame gun through a control system to flame polish the inner and outer walls of the quartz tube. The flame gun moves smoothly, making the polishing of the quartz tube more uniform and effective. The movement of the flame gun is based on the specific position of the quartz tube, making it highly versatile and applicable to quartz tubes of different diameters.

[0044] 3. This invention performs sectional scanning on the quartz tube to determine the polishing effect of each section of the quartz tube, and can re-flame polish areas where the polishing effect is not up to standard, so that the quartz tube meets the actual polishing requirements.

[0045] 4. The control system of the quartz tube flame polishing device of the present invention includes a network communication module, which provides real-time data transmission, facilitates remote monitoring of the production process by the host computer, and remotely adjusts the production process by issuing control commands, thereby reducing the personal risks to employees. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main frame and guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas path structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of section A in the middle;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tempering preventer of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the camera position detection structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the quartz tube support structure and the light source structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support ring structure of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of polar line constraint in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the control system structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolysis strategy process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the initial movement process of the movement strategy in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition process of the ignition strategy in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition strategy shutdown process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the repeated movement process of the movement strategy in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the detection strategy in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the pass / fail judgment process of the detection strategy in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 18This is a schematic diagram of the reset strategy process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the control system structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the communication process within the network communication module of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0066] In the diagram: 100, Frame; 101, Display platform; 102, Y-axis guide rail; 103, Moving structure; 104, Fixing device; 200, Polishing assembly; 210, Electrolytic water device; 211, Electrolysis chamber; 213, Pressure sensor; 220, Flame gun; 221, Electromagnetic igniter; 222, Temperature sensor; 223, Gas duct; 224, Regulating valve; 225, Flow guide nozzle; 226, Protective gas pipe; 300, Backfire preventer; 301, Air inlet; 302, Pressure relief valve; 303, Conical valve core; 304, Pressure bearing plate; 305. Ceramic tube; 306, air outlet; 307, tempering temperature sensor; 308, reset handle; 400, moving assembly; 410, moving device; 411, x-axis guide rail; 412, z-axis guide rail; 420, slider; 421, rotary connector; 500, support assembly; 510, support column; 520, support ring; 521, fixed structure; 522, rolling structure; 601, binocular camera; 602, detection camera; 630, light source; 631, moving guide rail; 632, light source support; 633, light-emitting device; 700, quartz tube. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Please see Figures 1-9 One embodiment of the present invention provides a quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire, comprising:

[0070] The frame 100 is adjustable according to the actual production environment. The main body of the frame 100 is a steel frame structure that is not easily deformed. A platform 101 is provided at the bottom of the frame 100. Parallel guide rails are provided on either side of the top of the platform 101, defined as the y-axis guide rails 102. A movable guide rail 631 is also provided on the top of the platform 101, with its axis perpendicular to the y-axis guide rail 102. A movable structure 103 and a fixed structure are provided at the bottom of the frame 100. The fixed device 104 and the moving structure 103 can be wheeled or tracked structures that enable the overall movement of the device. The fixed device 104 can be configured with multiple hydraulic cylinders, preferably four or more. A flexible structure with high surface friction and non-slip properties is set at the bottom of the hydraulic rod. The device is fixed as a whole by lifting the moving structure 103 through the hydraulic cylinder driving the hydraulic rod. Setting multiple hydraulic cylinders allows the device to adapt to uneven terrain, keeping the platform 101 in a horizontal state when the terrain is uneven, thus improving the applicability of the device.

[0071] The polishing assembly 200 includes a water electrolysis device 210 and a flame gun 220. The water electrolysis device 210 is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The water electrolysis device 210 includes an electrolysis chamber 211, a filter tank, and a pressure sensor 213. The electrolysis chamber 211 is equipped with a water inlet and a drain outlet. Water or electrolyte can be injected into the electrolysis chamber 211 through the water inlet. The electrolyte can be prepared by mixing distilled water and an electrolyte powder preparation such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The default ratio of electrolyte powder to water is 1:5, which can be adjusted according to the actual production process. The filter tank contains a filter liquid, which can be water, alcohol, or high-concentration alcohol. Some of the oxygen produced by water electrolysis is absorbed by the filter liquid. Hydrogen is insoluble in water or alcohol. The filter liquid can be prepared according to actual needs to control the hydrogen-oxygen ratio. The pressure sensor 213 is set to monitor the gas pressure output by the water electrolysis device 210, which facilitates the monitoring of the working status of the water electrolysis device 210.

[0072] The water electrolysis device 210 is connected to the flashback arrestor 300, which is connected to the gas pipe 223 of the flame gun 220. The flashback arrestor 300 includes an inlet 301, a pressure relief valve 302, a conical valve core 303, a pressure bearing plate 304, a ceramic tube 305, an outlet 306, a flashback temperature sensor 307, and a reset handle 308. During normal operation, the hydrogen and oxygen gas generated by the water electrolysis device 210 enters through the inlet 301. The gas flows into the ceramic tube 305 through the outer periphery of the conical valve core 303, seeps into the surrounding space through the micropores on the ceramic tube 305, and is then output from the outlet 306 to the gas guide tube 223 of the flame gun 220. In the event of accidental backfire, the backfired flame burns to the outer space of the ceramic tube 305, causing the hydrogen and oxygen gas around the ceramic tube 305 to explode / deflagrate, opening the pressure relief valve 302 at the upper end and releasing the combustion gases to the outside. The ceramic tube 305 is a porous ceramic tube. The tube has low thermal conductivity and heat insulation properties, effectively blocking the flame. The pressure shock wave caused by the explosion / deflagration acts on the pressure plate 304, and the pressure plate 304 presses down the conical valve core 303, causing the conical valve core 303 to block the hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the ceramic tube 305, isolating the hydrogen and oxygen source and avoiding the possibility of secondary explosion / deflagration. A reset handle 308 is provided on the outside of the flashback arrestor 300. The flashback temperature sensor 307 is used to monitor the temperature inside the flashback arrestor 300. After the temperature inside the flashback temperature sensor 307 drops to a safe temperature, which can be set to the ambient temperature or other temperature values ​​below the hydrogen ignition temperature, it can be controlled by electrical signal or manual. By pushing the conical valve core 303 and the pressure plate 304 through the reset handle 308, the conical valve core 303 and the pressure plate 304 return to the initial position, and the flashback arrestor 300 returns to the conducting state, continuing to conduct hydrogen and oxygen gas to the gas pipe 223 of the flame gun 220.

[0073] The flame gun 220 is equipped with an electromagnetic igniter 221, a temperature sensor 222, a gas guide pipe 223, a regulating valve 224, a flow guide nozzle 225, and a protective gas pipe 226. Hydrogen-oxygen gas generated by the water electrolysis device 210 is introduced into the flame gun 220 through the gas guide pipe 223, and then ejected from the flame gun 220 through the flow guide nozzle 225. After receiving an external electromagnetic signal, the flame gun 220 ignites the gas via the electromagnetic igniter 221. The flame temperature is obtained by the temperature sensor 222, which can be a high-temperature sensor such as a thermocouple. The regulating valve 224 is adjusted according to the actual required polishing temperature. 24. Control the flow of hydrogen and oxygen gas to control the flame temperature; during ignition, a corresponding delay can be set according to the start-up time of the water electrolysis device 210 to avoid insufficient hydrogen and oxygen gas concentration in the early stage, which may lead to abnormal conditions such as deflagration during ignition; when the flame gun 220 needs to be extinguished, protective gas, which is carbon dioxide or nitrogen, must first be introduced into the flame gun 220 through the protective gas pipe 226 to maintain the gas pressure inside the flame gun 220, and then the regulating valve 224 is closed to prevent hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the flame gun 220, thus completing the extinguishing of the flame gun 220 and avoiding backfire caused by the gas injection speed being lower than the flame combustion speed during extinguishing.

[0074] A movable assembly 400 is mounted on a frame 100. The movable assembly 400 includes a moving device 410 and a slider 420. The moving device 410 includes two mutually perpendicular guide rails. One guide rail, defined as the x-axis guide rail 411, has its projection direction perpendicular to the y-axis guide rail 102. The other is defined as the z-axis guide rail 412. The z-axis guide rail 412 and the x-axis guide rail 411 are slidably connected. The z-axis guide rail 412 moves along the axis of the x-axis guide rail 411. The slider 420 is slidably connected to the z-axis guide rail 412. The slider 420 moves along the axis of the z-axis guide rail 412. The moving device 410 is equipped with an active end and a driven end, which are respectively connected to two guide rails on the platform 101 to realize the sliding connection between the moving device 410 and the platform 101. The moving device 410 controls the slider 420 to move in a three-dimensional space through the x-axis guide rail 411, y-axis guide rail 102 and z-axis guide rail 412. The guide rail driving method can be pneumatic drive guide rail or other drive guide rails whose driving distance can be precisely controlled by electrical signals. The guide rail should be able to withstand at least twice the total weight of the flame gun 220 and the moving assembly 400. Further adjustments and confirmations should be made according to the on-site work requirements. Larger guide rails can be selected to increase the maximum load of the guide rail.

[0075] A rotating connector 421 is provided on the slider 420. The rotation angle of the rotating connector 421 can be adjusted by an electrical signal. The rotating connector 421 can be driven by a brushless motor or other means to ensure that the rotating connector 421 can adjust the angle quantitatively. The flame gun 220 is set on the rotating connector 421 and rotates with the rotating connector 421. In order to avoid the gas tube 223 of the flame gun 220 from getting tangled, the orientation of the flame gun 220 can be adjusted by reciprocating rotation when setting the rotation direction of the flame gun 220.

[0076] A support assembly 500 is mounted on the frame 100. The support assembly 500 includes support columns 510 and support rings 520. The support columns 510 are mounted on the frame 100 and are two-sided column support structures. A support ring 520 is located at the top of the support column 510. The support ring 520 includes a fixing structure 521 and a rolling structure 522. The fixing structure 521 of the support ring 520 is pushed by an electric cylinder or hydraulic cylinder to contact the suction cup with the quartz tube 700, thereby fixing the quartz tube 700. The fixing structure 521 is located at both ends of the support assembly, supporting the support ring 520. The central mirror distribution ensures uniform force distribution on the quartz tube 700. The rolling structure 522 is located at the bottom of the support ring 520 and can be driven by a brushless motor. The rolling shaft should be made of a material with high friction with the quartz tube 700, such as rubber. By controlling the fixing structure 521 to release the fixation of the quartz tube 700, the brushless motor drives the rolling shaft to rotate the quartz tube 700, achieving directional rotation of the quartz tube 700. The specific rotation angle of the quartz tube is determined by the diameter of the quartz tube and the diameter of the rolling shaft. For example, if the diameter of the quartz tube is D and the diameter of the rolling shaft is d, the formula is:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, Rotation is the rotation angle of the roller shaft driven by the brushless motor, and A is the single rotation angle of the quartz tube. The required rotation angle of the roller shaft under the corresponding specific rotation angle of the quartz tube of 700 is calculated.

[0079] The control terminal includes a binocular camera 601, a detection camera 602, and a light source 630. The binocular camera 601 is used to acquire the position information of the flame gun 220, the quartz tube 700, and the detection camera 602. The working principle of the binocular camera 601 is as follows: The binocular camera 601 simultaneously scans and acquires two images of the target, performs pixel matching on the two images, calculates the depth of each pixel based on the matching result, and the core disparity is calculated using the formula:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula D e f is the depth, b is the focal length, and d is the baseline. pThe parallax is given by ps, where ps is the pixel size. The focal length f and baseline b are obtained through calibration of the stereo camera 601. The pixel size ps is the size of a single pixel in the camera's image sensor. The left and right cameras of the stereo camera 601 use image sensors of the same size to ensure consistent pixel size. The depth D is given by ps. e The parallax d is calculated using the formula above to determine the vertical distance between the measured spatial point and the camera. p This determines the correspondence between each pixel in the left camera and the corresponding pixel in the right camera.

[0082] Pixel matching between the left and right cameras is achieved through epipolar constraints. Epipolar constraints mean that when the same spatial point is imaged on two separate images, if the projection point P1 in the left image is known, then the corresponding projection point P2 in the right image must lie on the epipolar line relative to P1. The epipolar line is the two straight lines that intersect the epipolar plane and the two images. The epipolar plane is a plane PC1C2 formed by a point P in space and the midpoints C1 and C2 of the two cameras in three-dimensional space.

[0083] To avoid the optical centers of the two cameras being out of level due to assembly issues, an image correction technique can be incorporated into the binocular camera 601. Image correction is achieved by transforming the two images using a homography matrix, which means reprojecting two image planes in different directions onto the same plane with their optical axes parallel to each other. The original image is then corrected using the calibration results, resulting in two corrected images that are located on the same plane and are parallel to each other.

[0084] Homography matrix transformation is obtained through camera calibration. Camera calibration is used to determine the camera's internal and external parameters in order to accurately measure and reconstruct objects in the image. It can convert points on the image from pixel coordinates to real coordinates in three-dimensional space. Camera calibration can be performed by using a calibration plate or calibration object with known real coordinates. By setting known size features or a checkerboard structure on the calibration plate, and taking images of the calibration plate at different positions and angles with the camera, the camera's internal and external parameters can be determined through image processing and data calculation.

[0085] The light source 630 is used to provide a constant light source. The light source 630 includes a moving guide rail 631, a light source support 632, and a light-emitting device 633. The moving guide rail 631 is located between the two columns of the support column 510 and passes through the support column 510. The light source support 632 is located on the moving guide rail 631 and can be moved directionally through the moving guide rail 631. The light-emitting device 633 is located on the light source support 632. The light source support 632 can adjust the height of the light-emitting device 633 by setting a telescopic structure, and the light-emitting device 633 is inserted into the quartz tube 700 through the moving guide rail 631. The light-emitting device 633 receives external signals to turn the constant light source on or off.

[0086] The inspection camera 602 is mounted on the x-axis guide rail 411 of the moving device 410 and can move directionally via the x-axis guide rail 411. The inspection camera 602 and the slider 420 are on the same projection plane, which makes it easy to control the inspection camera 602 to align with the central axis of the quartz tube 700. The inspection camera 602 scans the quartz tube 700 to obtain surface feature information of the quartz tube in order to determine the polishing effect of the quartz tube 700.

[0087] Working principle: Based on the flame polishing process of quartz tube 700, the clamping device for quartz tube 700 production is moved to the working position by the moving structure 103 at the bottom of the frame 100. The moving structure 103 is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder of the fixed structure 521. Multiple hydraulic cylinders are adjusted to adapt to the terrain and maintain the platform 101 in a horizontal state. A y-axis guide rail 102 is set on the frame 100, and the moving device 410 is set on the y-axis guide rail 102. The moving device 410 includes an x-axis guide rail 411 and a z-axis guide rail 412. A z-axis guide rail 412 and a slider 420 are mounted on the z-axis guide rail 412. The z-axis guide rail 412 and the x-axis guide rail 411 are slidably connected. The moving device 410 controls the slider 420 to move in a three-dimensional space via the x-axis guide rail 411, the y-axis guide rail 102, and the z-axis guide rail 412. A rotary connector 421 is provided on the slider 420. The flame gun 220 is connected to the slider 420 via the rotary connector 421. The rotary connector 421 receives electrical signals and can achieve a quantitative angle rotation, which facilitates the flame gun's movement. The flame gun 220 features three-dimensional orientation and rotatable movement; a support assembly 500 supports and fixes the quartz tube 700, and a fixing structure 521 fixes the quartz tube 700 to prevent slippage and rotation, which would affect the flame polishing process. A rotating structure allows for quantitative angular rotation of the quartz tube 700, facilitating flame polishing of the entire quartz tube 700; an electrolysis water device 210 provides hydrogen and oxygen gas to the flame gun 220, and gas guide pipes 223 connect the electrolysis water device 210 and the flame gun 220. A flashback preventer 300 is installed at the connection point to prevent the deflagration / explosion of the entire gas circuit caused by accidental flashback. The flame temperature of the flame gun 220 is further adjusted by the regulating valve 224 and the temperature sensor 222 to meet the polishing requirements of the quartz tube 700. When the flame gun 220 is extinguished, protective gas is first introduced through the protective gas pipe 226 to maintain the gas output pressure inside the flame gun 220. Then, the regulating valve 224 is closed to block hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the flame gun 220 and prevent flashback from occurring.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] Please see Figures 10-18This invention provides an embodiment of a control system for a backfire-preventing quartz tube flame polishing device, used to control the backfire-preventing quartz tube flame polishing device in Embodiment 1. The control system is located within a control terminal and includes an electrolysis module, a movement module, an ignition module, a detection module, and a reset module. The electrolysis module controls the water electrolysis device 210, the movement module controls the movement assembly 400, the ignition module controls the ignition and shutdown of the flame gun 220, the detection module controls the detection camera 602 to detect the polishing effect of the quartz tube 700, and the reset module resets the backfire preventer 300, which was shut down due to backfire.

[0090] The electrolysis module includes an electrolysis strategy, which includes acquiring a start signal, performing a self-test on the water electrolysis device 210, acquiring the operating time of the water electrolysis device 210 through a built-in timer or internal controller, setting an expected range of operating time based on actual production conditions, such as observing the electrolyte color and replacing it when the electrolyte turns yellow or black. The default expected range of operating time is 90 days. If the operating time is within 90 days (including 90 days), the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber is further monitored. The preset liquid level of electrolysis chamber 211 is 30%-70%, which provides better electrolysis performance. If the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber does not meet the preset range, and if the liquid level is less than 30%, distilled water should be injected into electrolysis chamber 211 to raise the liquid level to the preset upper limit, i.e., 70% of the liquid level. If the liquid level is greater than 70%, the electrolyte in electrolysis chamber 211 should be drained through the drain port until the liquid level drops to 70%. If the working time is not within the expected range, i.e., the first start-up or the working time exceeds 90 days, [further action should be taken]. Distilled water is injected into the electrolysis chamber 211 through the water inlet to clean it, and then discharged through the drain outlet. Electrolyte is then injected into the electrolysis chamber 211 to raise the liquid level to 70%. After filling the electrolysis chamber 211 to 70% capacity using the above steps, electrolysis is initiated to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are filtered through a filter tank, and the pressure sensor 213 obtains the output gas pressure of the water electrolysis device 210. If the pressure is greater than or equal to the maximum pressure limit, the electrolysis power supply is disconnected and the output is stopped. The alarm signal and the maximum pressure limit are determined according to the actual water electrolysis device 210, which is generally 1.5 times the normal output gas pressure. If the pressure is less than or equal to the minimum pressure limit, the electrolysis power supply is disconnected and an alarm signal is output. The minimum pressure limit is determined according to the actual water electrolysis device 210, which is generally 0.5 times the normal output gas pressure. If the pressure is less than the maximum pressure limit but greater than the minimum pressure limit, hydrogen and oxygen gas are introduced into the flame gun 220 through the flashback arrestor 300, and an ignition permission signal is output.

[0091] The moving module includes a moving strategy. This strategy involves scanning the device frame 100 using a binocular camera 601, establishing a coordinate system along the frame 100 with the lower left corner as the origin. Alternatively, the origin can be defined according to actual production needs. The coordinate axes are generally set to the moving directions of each guide rail. The binocular camera 601 scans to acquire the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube 700 on the support assembly 500 and the flame gun 220. The flame gun 220 is vertically mounted to the rotating connector 421 on the slider 420. The main body of the flame gun 220 is parallel to the axis of the x-axis guide rail 411. By setting the positions of the support columns 510 on both sides of the support assembly 500, the parallelism between the quartz tube 700 on the support assembly 500 and the axis of the x-axis guide rail 411 is adjusted. Based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube 700 and the flame gun 220, the moving module... The device 410 adjusts the flame gun 220 and the quartz tube 700 on the support assembly 500 to be on the same projection line via the y-axis guide rail 102. The moving device 410 moves the flame gun 220 to one end of the quartz tube 700 near the flame gun 220 via the x-axis guide rail 411. The moving device 410 adjusts the flow guide nozzle 225 of the flame gun 220 to be perpendicular to the surface of the quartz tube 700 via the rotating connector 421. The moving device 410 controls the flow guide nozzle 225 of the flame gun 220 to move to a set position away from the surface of the quartz tube 700 via the z-axis guide rail 412 and outputs a positioning signal. The set position is determined according to the actual flame length and flame temperature distribution of the flame gun 220. By adjusting the distance between the flow guide nozzle 225 of the flame gun 220 and the surface of the quartz tube 700, the heating of the quartz tube 700 is controlled to ensure that the surface temperature of the quartz tube is within 1100℃±50℃ during polishing, thereby improving the flame polishing quality.

[0092] The ignition module includes an ignition strategy, which includes acquiring an ignition permission signal and an ignition status signal. The flame gun 220 is ignited by an electromagnetic igniter 221. The flame temperature output by the flame gun 220 is acquired by a temperature sensor 222. If the flame temperature is greater than or equal to a preset upper temperature limit, the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas pipe 223 is reduced by a regulating valve 224. If the flame temperature is less than or equal to a preset lower temperature limit, the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas pipe 223 is increased by a regulating valve 224 to control the flame temperature. If the flame temperature is greater than the preset lower temperature limit but less than the preset upper temperature limit, a polishing signal is output.

[0093] The ignition strategy also includes obtaining a shutdown signal, supplying protective gas to the flame gun 220 through the protective gas pipe 226, diluting the hydrogen and oxygen gas to reduce the flame temperature of the flame gun 220, obtaining the flame temperature through the temperature sensor 222, and once the flame temperature is lower than the protection temperature (determined based on the actual polishing temperature of the quartz tube 700), closing the regulating valve 224 to prevent hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the flame gun 220. After the regulating valve 224 is closed, the supply of protective gas stops after a few seconds, outputs a shutdown completion signal, and controls the electrolysis water device 210 to shut down. The ignition strategy controls the flame gun 220 to ignite through dual signals, avoiding backfire due to insufficient gas pressure inside the flame gun 220 and preventing the flame gun 220 from igniting in non-working areas, which could damage other equipment. When the flame gun 220 is shut down, protective gas is supplied to maintain the gas pressure inside the flame gun 220, and then the regulating valve 224 is closed to stop the supply of hydrogen and oxygen gas, preventing backfire inside the flame gun 220. The opening and closing of the flame gun 220 is controlled by an electrical signal, thus preventing the possibility of backfire at its source.

[0094] The movement strategy also includes polishing logic, which includes acquiring polishing signals. The moving device 410 controls the flame gun 220 to move directionally along the axis of the quartz tube 700 at a constant rate via the x-axis guide rail 411. The constant rate is determined based on the heating time required for flame polishing of the quartz tube 700. The three-dimensional coordinate information of the flame gun 220 is acquired in real time via the binocular camera 601. When the flame gun 220 moves to the other end of the quartz tube 700, the fixing structure 521 on the support ring 520 releases the fixation of the quartz tube 700. The quartz tube 700 is directionally rotated via the rolling structure 522. The angle of a single rotation of the quartz tube is a set angle, determined by the actual flame size of the flame from the flame gun 220. Specifically, a single stroke is defined as the linear movement of the flame gun 220 from one end of the quartz tube 700 along its axis to the other end. The effective polishing area of ​​the flame on the quartz tube 700 within this single stroke is denoted as the single polishing range, S0. The surface area of ​​the quartz tube 700 is denoted as S0. a , in the formula:

[0095]

[0096] In the formula, C is the set angle, which is the set angle for a single rotation of the quartz tube 700. After the quartz tube 700 rotates by the set angle, the fixing structure 521 fixes the quartz tube 700 again. The moving device 410 controls the flame gun 220 to move in the opposite direction along the axis of the quartz tube 700 at a constant speed through the x-axis guide rail 411, that is, to move from one end of the quartz tube 700 to the other end of the quartz tube 700. The above steps are repeated to complete the flame polishing of one side of the outer or inner surface of the quartz tube 700. That is, the quartz tube 700 rotates one revolution and the heating area of ​​the flame gun 220 covers the entire surface of one side of the quartz tube 700. Flame polishing can be performed on one side of the outer or inner surface according to the actual polishing requirements of the quartz tube 700, and a shut-off signal is output to shut off the flame gun 220.

[0097] The movement strategy also includes judgment logic, which includes judging the polishing requirements of the quartz tube 700. If only one side needs polishing, a detection signal is output. If both sides of the quartz tube 700 need polishing, the movement device 410 controls the flame gun 220 to rotate through the rotating connector 421, so that the guide nozzle 225 of the flame gun 220 is perpendicular to the other side surface of the quartz tube 700. The movement device 410 controls the guide nozzle 225 of the flame gun 220 to move to a set position from the surface of the quartz tube 700 through the z-axis guide rail 412. The set position is determined according to the actual flame length and flame temperature distribution of the flame gun 220, and a positioning signal and a polishing signal are output. The above polishing logic is executed again to complete the flame polishing of the other side surface of the quartz tube 700, and a shutdown signal and a detection signal are output.

[0098] The detection module includes a detection strategy, which includes acquiring detection signals, obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device 633 through a binocular camera 601, and the light source 630 support component, based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube 700 and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device 633, controlling the height of the light-emitting device 633 to the center position of the quartz tube 700 by adjusting the telescopic structure, and directionally moving it through the moving guide rail 631 to transport the light-emitting device 633 to the center position of the quartz tube 700 along the axial direction of the quartz tube 700, and outputting a light-emitting signal.

[0099] The detection strategy also includes the following steps: the mobile device 410 acquires the light emission signal, the binocular camera 601 acquires the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera 602, and based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera 602 and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube 700, the mobile device 410 controls the detection camera 602 to move directly above the center of the quartz tube 700 via the x-axis guide rail 411, the light emission device 633 acquires the light emission signal, releases constant light, and outputs a scanning signal.

[0100] The detection strategy also includes: the detection camera 602 acquires scanning signals to scan the quartz tube 700; the detection camera 602 scans the upper surface of the quartz tube 700 to obtain the diameter of the quartz tube, denoted as D; a target scanning area is set, with the default target scanning area being one-tenth of the quartz tube length × quartz tube diameter D, which can be adjusted according to the actual detection camera 602 and quartz tube diameter; the detection camera 602 scans the quartz tube 700, recording the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in the scanning area, with the initial scanning area rotation angle being 0°; the target scanning area is used to determine the scanning boundary, which is the width of the scanning area, denoted as P, and expressed by the formula:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, A represents the single rotation angle of the quartz tube. After the detection camera 602 scans a desired scanning area, the fixing structure 521 releases the fixation of the quartz tube 700, and the rolling structure 522 controls the rotation of the quartz tube 700 by an angle A, as specified by the formula:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, D is the diameter of the quartz tube, d is the diameter of the rolling shaft, and Rotation is the rotation angle of the rolling shaft driven by the brushless motor to determine the exact rotation angle of the rolling shaft. After the quartz tube 700 has rotated, it is re-fixed by the fixing structure 521. The detection camera 602 scans the expected scanning area on the surface of the quartz tube 700 at this angle. The above steps are repeated until the rotation angle of the quartz tube 700 is greater than or equal to 360°, completing the one-circle scanning detection of the surface of the quartz tube 700, and calibrating the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in each scanning area accordingly.

[0105] The detection strategy also includes image detection logic, which includes preset feature information. Specific feature extraction includes segmenting the RGB image captured by the detection camera 602, using the central axis of the quartz tube 700 as a baseline, determining the retention area based on the expected scanning area, defining the image for each scanning area, and then normalizing and converting the defined image to grayscale. The grayscale conversion formula is as follows:

[0106] f(x,y)=0.3R+0.53G+0.17B

[0107] In the formula, f(x,y) represents the noisy image of the image after the ruling, R represents the value of the red channel of the noisy image, G represents the value of the green channel of the noisy image, and B represents the value of the blue channel of the noisy image.

[0108] The noisy image is normalized using a normalization formula:

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, f'(x,y) represents the noisy image of each scanned region after normalization.

[0111] Normalization is a data preprocessing technique that transforms data with different dimensions into a uniform scale range, typically mapping the data to the range between 0 and 1 or -1 and 1. The purpose of normalization is to eliminate the dimensional differences between different features, ensuring that each feature has the same weight in the model and preventing certain features from having an excessive impact on model training.

[0112] The image detection logic also includes a denoising model, which is a CNN neural network. This model consists of an input layer to receive the input image data, a convolutional layer containing multiple convolutional kernels (filters) that slide across the input image to convolve local regions and extract image features, an activation function layer using the ReLU activation function to introduce a non-linear transformation to enhance the model's expressive power, a pooling layer to reduce the feature map dimensionality and computational cost, a fully connected layer that flattens the feature maps from the convolutional and pooling layers and connects them to the fully connected layer, and an output layer that uses the softmax activation function to output the final result.

[0113] We predefine image data G(x, y) before denoising and image data G*(x, y) after denoising. We set the camera noise level to σ and the natural light noise level to τ to effectively identify and remove camera noise and natural light noise during subsequent denoising. We then select a loss function to train the denoising model.

[0114] The loss function is the mean squared error (MSE) loss function. Mean squared error (MSE) is the most commonly used error in regression loss functions. It is the mean of the sum of squares of the differences between the predicted value f(x) and the target value y.

[0115]

[0116] The noise reduction model is then evaluated using a noise reduction evaluation calculation formula:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, P is the noise reduction evaluation value, M represents the width pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y), and N represents the length pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y). The noise reduction model is trained until the noise reduction evaluation value converges, and then the training stops.

[0119] After inputting the above noisy image into the denoising model, the denoised image Gf(x,y) is obtained. The denoised image is converted from an RGB image to an HSV format image. The image is converted from RGB, red, yellow, and blue calibration to HSV, hue, saturation, and brightness calibration. Compared with RGB images, HSV images can intuitively express the brightness, hue, and vividness of colors, which is convenient for color comparison.

[0120] A compiler such as Python can call the OpenCV cross-platform computer vision library to transform images and perform corresponding color detection, outputting binary images.

[0121] / / Set image path

[0122] string path="Ruling photo.png";

[0123] Mat img = imread(path);

[0124] / / Define HSV type image

[0125] Mat imgHSV;

[0126] / / Convert image format

[0127] The `cvtColor(img,imgHSV,COLOR_BGR2HSV)` function converts the image format, transforming the denoised image into HSV format.

[0128] The upper and lower limits of color are defined by the hue (H), saturation (S), and brightness (V) corresponding to a constant light source. The upper limit of the hue (H) can be set according to actual needs, i.e., the degree of shading of the constant light source by the unpolished area of ​​the quartz tube. max Hue lower limit H min Saturation limit S max Saturation lower limit S min Brightness limit V max Lower limit of brightness V min ;

[0129] / / Taking orange as a constant light source as an example, define the upper and lower limits of the color.

[0130] int H min =0, int S min =110, int V min =153;

[0131] int H max =19, int S max =240, int V max =225;

[0132] Scalar lower(H min S min V min );

[0133] Scalar higher(H max S max V max );

[0134] / / Define an image output mask

[0135] Mat mask;

[0136] / / After noise reduction, determine the image color to obtain a binary image, and output the binary image mask.

[0137] inRange(imgHSV, lower, higher, mask);

[0138] After noise reduction, other color interferences on the adjudication image are masked, highlighting the unpolished area of ​​the quartz tube in the adjudication image; the total area is denoted as S1, with the overall size of the adjudication image as the total area, and the area of ​​the unpolished area is denoted as Unpolished areas, using the formula:

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, Effective polishing is the effective polishing degree. The effective polishing degree of the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is obtained. A polishing degree threshold is set. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is greater than or equal to the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as a qualified area. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is less than the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as an unqualified area. The number of unqualified areas is counted, and the detection completion signal is output.

[0141] The detection strategy also includes acquiring a detection completion signal. If the number of unqualified areas is greater than a preset value, the above ignition strategy and polishing logic are executed on all unqualified areas by rotating them at the corresponding rotation angles. The detection strategy is then executed again. If the number of unqualified areas is less than or equal to the preset value, a qualified signal is output. To avoid excessive flame polishing, the preset value is greater than 0 by default and can be set according to the actual polishing requirements of the quartz tube.

[0142] The reset module includes a reset strategy, which includes acquiring a reset signal. The reset signal is input to the polishing device from the outside via a reset button or other means. The temperature inside the flashback arrestor 300 is acquired through the flashback temperature sensor 307. If the temperature inside the flashback arrestor 300 is less than or equal to the safe temperature (which can be set to ambient temperature or other temperatures below the ignition temperature of hydrogen), the reset handle 308 is controlled by an electrical signal to reset the pressure plate 304 and the conical valve core 303 to conduct the flashback arrestor 300 and output a conduction signal. The temperature inside the flashback arrestor 300 is monitored to further determine whether to reset, thus preventing the ignition of hydrogen and oxygen gas due to excessively high internal temperature of the flashback arrestor 300 during reset.

[0143] Working Principle: The control system includes an electrolysis module, a movement module, an ignition module, a detection module, and a reset module. The electrolysis module controls the water electrolysis unit 210 through its electrolysis strategy, ensuring the produced hydrogen and oxygen gas is within the normal pressure range, preventing malfunctions that could lead to insufficient gas pressure and backfire. The movement module adjusts the position of the flame gun 220 to align with the quartz tube 700 and controls its movement according to polishing requirements. Machine control ensures more uniform polishing of the quartz tube 700 surface. Only the angle of the rotating connector 421 and the position of the flame gun 220 need to be adjusted to polish both the outer and inner surfaces of the quartz tube 700, expanding the device's applicability. The ignition module controls the ignition strategy... The flame gun 220 is ignited and shut down. Backfire is prevented by controlling the gas pressure inside the flame gun 220. The hydrogen and oxygen gas inlet rate is adjusted via regulating valve 224 to control the flame temperature output by the flame gun 220, preventing excessively low or high temperatures that could affect the polishing effect of the quartz tube 700. The polished quartz tube 700 is scanned in sections using a detection strategy within the detection module to identify qualified and unqualified areas. Unqualified areas are repolished to meet the actual polishing requirements of the quartz tube. A reset strategy within the reset module checks if the temperature inside the backfire preventer 300 is below a safe level before resetting, preventing the ignition of subsequently input hydrogen and oxygen gas. These modules enable automatic flame polishing of the quartz tube, improving polishing efficiency and ensuring safe operation.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Please see Figures 19-20Further improvements to Embodiment 2 include a network communication module in the control system. The quartz tube flame polishing device with backfire prevention can transmit various signals to the host computer via the network communication module. The host computer can monitor the real-time progress of the device through PID diagrams, i.e., process simulation flowcharts, and can output control commands to the device for manual control, such as turning the flame gun 220 on and off; emergency stopping of the flame polishing device and resetting of the backfire preventer 300. The network communication module can achieve real-time data transmission through on-site WIFI signal deployment, bus transmission, network cable connection, and telephone card connection.

[0146] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0147] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire, characterized in that, include: Rack (100); A polishing assembly (200) includes a water electrolysis device (210) and a flame gun (220). The water electrolysis device (210) is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The water electrolysis device (210) is electrically connected to the flame gun (220), which is used to flame polish the quartz tube (700). A flashback preventer (300) is provided at the connection between the water electrolysis device (210) and the flame gun (220), and the flashback preventer (300) is used to prevent backfire. A moving assembly (400) is mounted on a frame (100). The moving assembly (400) includes a moving device (410) and a slider (420). The moving device (410) is used to control the movement of the slider (420). The flame gun (220) is mounted on the slider (420). A support assembly (500) is disposed on a frame (100) and is used to fix and support the quartz tube (700). The control terminal includes a binocular camera (601), a detection camera (602), and a light source (630). The binocular camera (601) is used to acquire the position information of the flame gun (220), the quartz tube (700), and the detection camera (602). The light source (630) is used to provide a constant light source. The detection camera (602) is mounted on the moving device (410) and is used to scan and acquire the surface features of the quartz tube (700). The flashback preventer (300) includes an inlet (301), a pressure relief valve (302), a conical valve core (303), a pressure plate (304), a ceramic tube (305), an outlet (306), a flashback temperature sensor (307), and a reset handle (308). The inlet (301) and outlet (306) are used to conduct hydrogen and oxygen gas in the electrolytic water device (210) to the flame gun (220) when the flashback preventer (300) is working normally. 04) Used to receive the gas deflagration shock wave caused by backfire, press down the conical valve core (303), the conical valve core (303) is used to cut off the gas conduction in the backfire preventer (300), the ceramic tube (305) is used to extinguish backfire, the backfire temperature sensor (307) is used to detect the temperature in the backfire preventer (300), and the reset handle (308) is used to reset the position of the pressure plate (304) and the conical valve core (303) to conduct backfire preventer (300).

2. The quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving device (410) includes an x-axis guide rail (411) and a z-axis guide rail (412), which are slidably connected. The z-axis guide rail (412) moves along the axis of the x-axis guide rail (411) on the x-axis guide rail (411). The slider (420) is slidably connected to the z-axis guide rail (412), and moves along the axis of the z-axis guide rail (412) on the z-axis guide rail (412). A y-axis guide rail (102) is provided on the frame (100). The moving device (410) is slidably connected to the frame (100) via the y-axis guide rail (102). The moving device (410) controls the slider (420) to move in a three-dimensional space via the x-axis guide rail (411), the y-axis guide rail (102), and the z-axis guide rail (412). A rotating connector (421) is provided on the slider (420). The rotating connector (421) is used to connect the slider (420) and the flame gun (220). The rotating connector (421) can receive electrical signals to control the rotation angle. The support assembly (500) includes a support column (510) and a support ring (520). The support column (510) is mounted on the frame (100). The support ring (520) and the support column (510) are fixedly connected. The support ring (520) includes a fixing structure (521) and a rolling structure (522). The fixing structure (521) is used to fix the quartz tube (700) on the support ring (520). The rolling structure (522) is used to rotate the quartz tube (700) on the support ring (520) in an orienting manner.

3. The quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flame gun (220) includes an electromagnetic igniter (221), a temperature sensor (222), a gas guide tube (223), a regulating valve (224), a flow guide nozzle (225), and a protective gas tube (226). The electromagnetic igniter (221) is used to ignite the flame gun (220). The temperature sensor (222) is used to monitor the flame temperature. The gas guide tube (223) is connected to the water electrolysis device (210). The gas guide tube (223) is used to conduct hydrogen and oxygen gas into the flame gun (220). The regulating valve (224) is used to regulate the flow rate of the gas guide tube (223). The protective gas tube (226) is used to conduct protective gas into the flame gun (220). The flow guide nozzle (225) is used to spray gas out of the flame gun (220). The water electrolysis device (210) includes an electrolysis chamber (211) and a pressure sensor (213). The electrolysis chamber (211) is used to hold the electrolyte, and the pressure sensor (213) is used to monitor the output gas pressure of the water electrolysis device (210).

4. The quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light source (630) includes a moving guide rail (631), a light source support (632), and a light-emitting device (633). The moving guide rail (631) is mounted on the frame (100), and the light source support (632) is mounted on the moving guide rail (631) and moves directionally along the moving guide rail (631). The light source support (632) is used to support the light-emitting device (633), and the light-emitting device (633) is used to provide a constant light source.

5. A control system for a flashback-proof quartz tube flame polishing apparatus, applied to the flashback-proof quartz tube flame polishing apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The control system includes an electrolysis module, a movement module, an ignition module, a detection module, and a reset module. The electrolysis module is used to control the water electrolysis device (210), the movement module is used to control the movement assembly (400), the ignition module is used to control the ignition and shutdown of the flame gun (220), the detection module is used to control the detection camera (602) to detect the polishing effect of the quartz tube (700), and the reset module is used to reset the flashback preventer (300) that was shut down due to flashback.

6. The control method of the control system for a quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrolysis module includes an electrolysis strategy, which includes acquiring a start signal, detecting the working time of the water electrolysis device (210), and if the working time is within the expected range, further detecting the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber. If the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber does not meet the preset liquid level range, adjusting the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber to the upper limit liquid level. If the working time is not within the expected range, inject distilled water to clean the electrolysis chamber (211), and inject electrolyte into the electrolysis chamber (211) to raise the liquid level of the electrolysis chamber to the preset upper limit level; If the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber meets the preset liquid level range, electrolysis is started; the pressure sensor (213) obtains the output gas pressure of the water electrolysis device (210). If the pressure is greater than or equal to the maximum pressure limit, the electrolysis power supply is disconnected and an alarm signal is output. If the pressure is less than the minimum pressure limit, the electrolysis power supply is disconnected and an alarm signal is output. If the pressure is less than the maximum pressure limit but greater than or equal to the minimum pressure limit, hydrogen and oxygen gas are input into the flame gun (220) through the flashback arrestor (300), and an ignition permission signal is output.

7. The control method of the control system for a quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moving module includes a moving strategy, which includes scanning the device frame (100) with a binocular camera (601), establishing a coordinate system along the frame (100) with the lower left corner of the frame (100) as the origin, and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube (700) and the flame gun (220) on the support assembly (500) through scanning with the binocular camera (601). Based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube (700) and the flame gun (220), the moving device (410) adjusts the flame gun (220) and the support assembly (500) through the y-axis guide rail (102). The quartz tube (700) on the support assembly (500) is on the same projection line. The moving device (410) moves the flame gun (220) to the end of the quartz tube (700) near the flame gun (220) via the x-axis guide rail (411). The moving device (410) adjusts the flow guide nozzle (225) of the flame gun (220) to be perpendicular to the surface of the quartz tube (700) via the rotating connector (421). The moving device (410) controls the flow guide nozzle (225) of the flame gun (220) to move to a set position away from the surface of the quartz tube (700) via the z-axis guide rail (412) and outputs a positioning signal.

8. The control method of the control system for a quartz tube flame polishing device with backfire prevention according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ignition module includes an ignition strategy, which includes acquiring an ignition permission signal and an ignition position signal, igniting the flame gun (220) through an electromagnetic igniter (221), acquiring the flame temperature output by the flame gun (220) through a temperature sensor (222), reducing the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas pipe (223) through a regulating valve (224) if the flame temperature is greater than or equal to the preset upper temperature limit, increasing the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the gas pipe (223) through a regulating valve (224) if the flame temperature is less than or equal to the preset lower lower temperature limit, thereby controlling the flame temperature, and outputting a polishing signal if the flame temperature is greater than the preset lower lower temperature limit and less than the preset upper temperature limit. The ignition strategy also includes obtaining a shutdown signal, guiding protective gas through the protective gas pipe (226) to the flow nozzle (225), obtaining the flame temperature through the temperature sensor (222), closing the regulating valve (224) after the flame temperature is lower than the protection temperature, preventing hydrogen and oxygen gas from entering the flame gun (220), and after the regulating valve (224) is closed, delaying the delivery of protective gas, outputting a shutdown completion signal, and controlling the electrolysis water device (210) to shut down.

9. The control method of the control system for a quartz tube flame polishing device for preventing backfire according to claim 8, characterized in that: The movement strategy also includes polishing logic, which includes acquiring polishing signals. The moving device (410) controls the flame gun (220) to move directionally along the axis of the quartz tube (700) at a constant speed via the x-axis guide rail (411). The three-dimensional coordinate information of the flame gun (220) is acquired in real time via the binocular camera (601). When the flame gun (220) moves to the other end of the quartz tube (700), the fixing structure (521) on the support ring (520) is released from the fixing of the quartz tube (700) and the rolling structure is used to release the fixing of the quartz tube (700). (522) The quartz tube (700) is rotated in an orientation. After the quartz tube (700) is rotated to a set angle, the fixing structure (521) fixes the quartz tube (700) again. The moving device (410) controls the flame gun (220) to move in the opposite direction along the axis of the quartz tube (700) at a constant speed through the x-axis guide rail (411). The flame gun moves from one end of the quartz tube (700) to the other end. The above steps are repeated to complete the flame polishing of one side of the outer or inner surface of the quartz tube (700) and output a shut-off signal. The moving strategy also includes a judgment logic, which includes judging the polishing requirements of the quartz tube (700). If only one side needs to be polished, a detection signal is output. If both sides of the quartz tube (700) need to be polished, the moving device (410) controls the flame gun (220) to rotate through the rotating connector (421), so that the guide nozzle (225) of the flame gun (220) is perpendicular to the other side surface of the quartz tube (700). The moving device (410) controls the guide nozzle (225) of the flame gun (220) to move to a set position away from the surface of the quartz tube (700) through the z-axis guide rail (412), and outputs a positioning signal and a polishing signal. The above polishing logic is executed again to complete the flame polishing of the other side surface of the quartz tube (700), and outputs a shutdown signal and a detection signal.

10. The control method of the control system for a quartz tube flame polishing device with backfire prevention according to claim 9, characterized in that: The detection module includes a detection strategy, which includes acquiring a detection signal, acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device (633) through a binocular camera (601), and the light source support (632) moving directionally through a moving guide rail (631) based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube (700) and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the light-emitting device (633), thereby transporting the light-emitting device (633) along the axial direction of the quartz tube (700) to the center position of the quartz tube (700) and outputting a light-emitting signal. The detection strategy further includes the following: the mobile device (410) acquires the light emission signal, acquires the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera (602) through the binocular camera (601), and based on the three-dimensional coordinate information of the detection camera (602) and the three-dimensional coordinate information of the quartz tube (700), the mobile device (410) controls the detection camera (602) to move to directly above the center of the quartz tube (700) through the x-axis guide rail (411), and the light emission device (633) acquires the light emission signal, releases constant light, and outputs a scanning signal; The detection strategy also includes: the detection camera (602) acquires the scanning signal, takes a picture of the quartz tube (700), scans the upper surface of the quartz tube (700) through the detection camera (602), obtains the diameter of the quartz tube, denoted as D, sets the expected scanning area, scans the quartz tube (700), and records the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in the scanning area. The initial rotation angle of the scanning area is 0°. The scan boundary is determined by the expected scan area, denoted as P, and expressed by the formula: In the formula, A is the single rotation angle of the quartz tube. After the detection camera (602) scans a expected scanning area, the fixing structure (521) releases the fixing of the quartz tube (700), and the rolling structure (522) controls the quartz tube (700) to rotate by an angle A. The fixing structure (521) then re-fixes the quartz tube (700). The detection camera (602) scans the expected scanning area on the surface of the quartz tube (700) at this angle. The above steps are repeated to complete the one-round scanning detection of the surface of the quartz tube (700), and the surface feature information and rotation angle of the quartz tube in each scanning area are calibrated accordingly. The detection strategy also includes image detection logic, which includes preset feature information, cutting the RGB image scanned by the detection camera (602), using the central axis of the quartz tube (700) as the baseline, determining the retention area based on the expected scanning area, determining the image of each scanning area, and performing normalization and grayscale processing on the determined image. This represents the noisy image of the image after the ruling. The noisy image is then normalized using a normalization formula. This represents the noisy image of each scanned region after normalization. The image detection logic also includes a noise reduction model, which presets image data G(x, y) before noise reduction and image data G*(x, y) after noise reduction, and sets the camera noise level to... The natural light noise level is set to τ, and the denoising model is trained using a loss function. The denoising model is then evaluated using a denoising evaluation calculation formula. In the formula, P is the noise reduction evaluation value, M represents the width pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y), and N represents the length pixel value of images G(x,y) and G*(x,y). The noise reduction model is trained. After inputting the noisy image into the denoising model, the denoised image Gf(x,y) is obtained. The denoised image is then converted from an RGB image to an HSV format image. The upper and lower limits of color are defined using the hue (H), saturation (S), and brightness (V) corresponding to a constant light source, and a corresponding upper hue limit is set. lower limit of color tone Saturation limit saturation lower limit , upper limit of brightness Lower limit of brightness The color of the denoised image is detected to obtain a binary image. A mask is then output to shield the remaining color interference in the denoised image, highlighting the unpolished area of ​​the quartz tube. The total area is denoted as S1, with the overall size of the denoised image as the total area. The area of ​​the unpolished area is denoted as Unpolished areas, defined by the formula: In the formula To determine the effective polishing degree, the effective polishing degree of the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is obtained. A polishing degree threshold is set. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is greater than or equal to the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as a qualified area. If the effective polishing degree of the adjudication image is less than the polishing degree threshold, the quartz tube area corresponding to the adjudication image is marked as an unqualified area. The number of unqualified areas is counted, and a detection completion signal is output. The detection strategy also includes acquiring a detection completion signal; if the number of unqualified areas is greater than a preset value, the above-mentioned ignition strategy and polishing logic are executed on all unqualified areas by the rotation angle corresponding to the unqualified areas, and the detection strategy is executed again; if the number of unqualified areas is less than or equal to the preset value, a qualified signal is output. The reset module includes a reset strategy, which includes acquiring a reset signal, acquiring the temperature inside the flashback arrestor (300) through a flashback temperature sensor (307), and if the temperature inside the flashback arrestor (300) is less than or equal to the safe temperature, controlling the reset handle (308) to reset the pressure plate (304) and the conical valve core (303) to turn on the flashback arrestor (300) and output a conduction signal.

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