Water-based antireflection coating liquid, method for preparing the same, and use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of optical materials technology, specifically to an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, its preparation method, and its application. The components include water, nanocrystals and / or silicates, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, leveling and wetting aids, surfactants, lower alcohols, and additives. The aqueous antireflective coating liquid can be a single-layer or multi-layer coating liquid. By optimizing the coating liquid formulation and designing it as a single-layer or multi-layer coating liquid, environmental protection can be achieved while maintaining film surface properties such as film hardness, transmittance, and weather resistance, even when using pure water as a solvent. It can meet the requirements of use under harsh conditions and has extremely high market application and promotion value. In particular, using a refractive index gradient method to perform double or multi-layer coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass can achieve higher antireflection over a wide wavelength range, with a smoother transmittance curve and superior optical performance. Furthermore, due to its multi-layer film structure, the overall film layer has better mechanical properties and weather resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical materials technology, specifically to an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of energy technology, the use of solar energy for human production and activities has become relatively mature and widespread. Energy harvesting is a crucial process in this utilization, but due to the inherent limitations of solar energy systems, a considerable portion of energy is always lost. In the photovoltaic field, photovoltaic power generation technology often suffers a 7%-8% loss due to reflection from the surface of the photovoltaic panels; coating the surface of the substrate with an anti-reflection film is a good way to solve these problems.

[0003] Currently, most antireflective coatings on the market use organic solvents such as isopropanol and ethanol, with solvent content exceeding 95%. The volatilization of these organic solvents during photovoltaic glass production poses a serious environmental hazard. For example, a Chinese patent application (publication number CN 116891645 A) discloses a self-cleaning, dust-proof, and antireflective nanomaterial for photovoltaic glass, achieving antireflection through the addition of graphene nanoparticles. However, this method uses organic solvents containing ethanol or polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which is environmentally unfriendly. Furthermore, the high cost of graphene hinders large-scale market application. Even at the expense of stain resistance and hardness, existing single-layer antireflective coatings do not achieve a transmittance gain exceeding 2.5%. Moreover, after weathering tests such as acid and salt spray resistance, the transmittance of the coatings shows a certain degree of attenuation, which becomes even more pronounced when placed outdoors. In the harsher environments of western regions, the coating is more prone to peeling and crystal spots, severely impacting power generation.

[0004] Therefore, providing a product that uses pure water as a solvent and can also take into account membrane performance has important practical research significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an aqueous antireflective coating liquid and its preparation method. It uses pure water as a solvent and can balance film surface properties such as film hardness, transmittance, and weather resistance, meeting the requirements for use under harsh conditions and possessing extremely high market application and promotion value.

[0006] The present invention provides an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, comprising at least the following raw materials: water, nanocrystals and / or silicates, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, leveling and wetting aids, surfactants, lower alcohols, and additives, wherein the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a single-layer or multi-layer coating liquid (a single-layer coating liquid refers to a raw material in which all raw materials are used as one layer, and a multi-layer coating liquid refers to a raw material in which the raw materials are divided into multiple layers).

[0007] Preferably, the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a single-layer coating liquid, and by weight, it includes at least the following raw materials: 100-150 parts water, 5-15 parts nanocrystals / or silicate nanocrystals, 3-15 parts hollow silica nanospheres, 0.1-2 parts film-forming aid, 3-15 parts filler, 0.1-1 part leveling and wetting aid, 0.1-1 part surfactant, 0.1-5 parts lower alcohol, and 0.5-3 parts additives.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a two-layer coating liquid, including an upper coating liquid and a lower coating liquid. The upper coating liquid includes at least the following raw materials: water, nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, leveling and wetting aids, surfactants, and lower alcohols; the lower coating liquid includes at least the following raw materials: water, silicates, and additives.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the upper coating liquid, by weight, includes at least the following raw materials: 100-150 parts water, 5-15 parts nanocrystals, 3-15 parts hollow silica nanospheres, 0.1-2 parts film-forming aid, 3-15 parts filler, 0.1-1 parts leveling and wetting aid, 0.1-1 parts surfactant, and 0.1-5 parts lower alcohol.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the nanocrystals are precursors for preparing zeolites, with a particle size ≤120nm. Preferably, they are at least one of the following: LTA type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, FAU type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, MOR type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, ZSM-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, β type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, AlPO4-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, AlPO4-11 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, SAPO-31 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, SAPO-34 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, and TS-1 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor. More preferably, they are ZSM-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursors or β type zeolite molecular sieve precursors.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the hollow silica nanospheres have a particle size of 10-80 nm and a wall thickness of 3-20 nm, preferably a particle size of 25-75 nm and a wall thickness of 4-15 nm.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the filler is at least one of solid silica microspheres, beaded solid silica, and branched solid silica.

[0013] Preferably, the solid silica microspheres have a particle size of 3-15 nm, and more preferably a particle size of 3-10 nm.

[0014] Preferably, the beaded solid silica and branched solid silica have a diameter of 10-40 nm and a length of 30-120 nm, and more preferably a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 30-60 nm.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the mass ratio of the hollow silica nanospheres to the nanocrystals is (0.5-1.5):1, and the mass ratio of the filler to the nanocrystals is (0.5-1.5):1.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the filler, nanocrystals, and hollow silica nanospheres is (5-9):(8-12):(6-10).

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the film-forming aid is an alcohol ether-based film-forming aid, preferably at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, and propylene glycol phenyl ether; more preferably, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether or isomeric dipropylene glycol methyl ether.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the lower alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol, preferably ethanol or isopropanol.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the leveling and wetting agent includes at least one of leveling agent, defoamer, and surface drying agent.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the surfactant includes one or more of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.

[0021] The water-based antireflective coating liquid provided by this invention, through optimized raw material formulation, is subsequently applied to the glass surface via roller coating. After high-temperature curing, the film exhibits excellent antireflective and anti-reflective properties and outstanding weather resistance, making it particularly suitable for substrates such as architectural glass, decorative glass, and photovoltaic glass. The inventors believe the reason for this is that after high-temperature curing, the nanocrystals form a continuous crystalline phase during the high-temperature sintering process, with hollow particles embedded within. The filler acts as a supplementary agent to fill the gaps, forming an antireflective film layer with closed pores on the surface and porous interior.

[0022] The inventors further optimized the design, combining an upper coating liquid containing nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, and fillers with a lower coating liquid containing silicates to form a bilayer structure. Without sacrificing dirt resistance, this further improves the film's transmittance, hardness, and weather resistance, meeting the requirements for outdoor or harsh outdoor environments. It prevents film peeling and crystal spots, effectively improving power generation efficiency in photovoltaic modules and exhibiting excellent weather resistance, maintaining high power output even under various harsh conditions. Furthermore, both the upper and lower coating liquids use pure water as solvents, producing no toxic or irritating gases, making it safe and environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional acidic coatings, it does not corrode metal production equipment during production, reducing equipment wear and saving production costs.

[0023] In particular, the introduction of zeolite precursors (nanocrystalline) with a particle size ≤120nm into the upper coating solution overcomes the problem of poor stability of existing aqueous antireflective coating solutions against strong mechanical forces. Further optimization of the ratio of nanocrystalline, hollow silica nanospheres, and fillers in the system effectively increases the film's hardness, weather resistance, transmittance, and adhesion. The inventors believe the reason for this is that the introduction of hollow silica nanospheres with a particle size of 25-75nm and a wall thickness of 4-15nm in this invention increases the porosity and reduces the refractive index of the film while ensuring its performance. Simultaneously, the zeolite precursors (nanocrystalline) with a particle size ≤120nm and the fillers with a particle size of 3-15nm fill the tiny gaps formed between the hollow silica nanospheres, effectively improving the film's density and thus enhancing its hardness, weather resistance, transmittance, and adhesion.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, the lower coating liquid comprises at least the following raw materials by weight: 60-100 parts water, 15-40 parts silicate, and 0.5-3 parts additives.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, the silicate is one or more of potassium silicate, lithium silicate, and sodium silicate. Preferably, the modulus of the silicate is 3-6. Preferably, the silicate is a mixture of potassium silicate and lithium silicate, wherein the lithium to potassium ratio (molar ratio) of the silicate is (9-10):1.

[0026] In this invention, by controlling the lower coating liquid to be an aqueous silicate solution containing a modulus of 3-6 and subsequently curing it to form an aqueous base film layer, the overall transmittance and weather resistance of the film layer are further improved.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, the additive is selected from at least one of silicone wetting agents, silicone leveling agents, and acrylate leveling agents.

[0028] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, wherein the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a single-layer coating liquid, comprising the following steps: adding raw materials sequentially into a reaction vessel, turning on the stirring during the feeding process, with a time interval of 5-15 minutes between each material being added, and mixing and stirring for 30-60 minutes after all the raw materials have been added to obtain the aqueous antireflective coating liquid.

[0029] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, wherein the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a two-layer coating liquid, comprising at least the following steps: mixing nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, lower alcohols, water, leveling and wetting aids, and surfactants to obtain an upper coating liquid; and mixing water, silicates, and additives to obtain a lower coating liquid.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution, the method of using the water-based anti-reflective coating liquid is as follows: after aging the upper coating liquid and the lower coating liquid for 0-5 days, the lower coating liquid is first applied to the surface of the substrate. After curing, the lower film layer is obtained. Then, the upper coating liquid is applied to the surface of the lower film layer. After high-temperature curing, the double film layer is obtained.

[0031] Preferably, the preparation method of the upper coating liquid is as follows: mixing nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers and 20-40 wt% water to obtain premix liquid 1, mixing the remaining water, lower alcohol, leveling and wetting aids and surfactants to obtain premix liquid 2, and mixing premix liquid 1 and premix liquid 2 to prepare the upper coating liquid.

[0032] In this invention, the preparation method of the upper coating liquid is optimized. Specifically, nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers and 20-40 wt% water are premixed to form a premixed liquid, which is then mixed with the remaining water, lower alcohol, leveling and wetting aids and surfactants to obtain premixed liquid 2 for preparing the upper coating liquid. This improves the uniformity of the distribution of hollow silica nanospheres, fillers and nanocrystals, ensures the consistency of the antireflection performance of each part of the film layer, and thus ensures the performance of the film layer.

[0033] Preferably, the mixing temperature is 20-60℃ and the mixing time is 30min-5h.

[0034] Preferably, the substrate is one of photovoltaic glass, ultra-clear glass, or ordinary float glass.

[0035] Preferably, the coating method is one of roller coating, spray coating, blade coating, spin coating, and dip coating, and more preferably roller coating. Preferably, the roller coating speed is 10-15 m / min.

[0036] Preferably, the curing temperature is 150-180℃ and the time is 3-8 min, and the high-temperature curing temperature is 500-600℃ and the time is 8-12 min.

[0037] Preferably, the thickness of the double film layer is 40-300 nm, more preferably 120-250 nm, and even more preferably 150-220 nm.

[0038] The third aspect of this invention provides an application of an aqueous antireflective coating liquid, which is applied to photovoltaic glass, architectural glass, and decorative glass substrates.

[0039] Beneficial effects

[0040] 1. This invention provides an aqueous antireflective coating liquid and its preparation method. By optimizing the coating liquid formulation and designing it as a single-layer or multi-layer coating liquid formulation, it can take into account the film surface properties such as film hardness, transmittance, and weather resistance when using pure water as a solvent. It can meet the usage requirements under harsh conditions and has extremely high market application and promotion value.

[0041] 2. The water-based antireflective coating liquid provided by the present invention, through optimized raw material formulation, is subsequently applied to the glass surface by roller coating. After high-temperature curing, the film layer has excellent antireflective and anti-reflective properties and excellent weather resistance, and is especially suitable for substrates such as architectural glass, decorative glass, and photovoltaic glass.

[0042] 3. This invention designs an upper coating liquid comprising nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, etc., combined with a lower coating liquid comprising silicates to form a double-layer structure. Without sacrificing dirt resistance, it further improves the film's transmittance, hardness, weather resistance, and other properties, meeting the requirements for outdoor or harsh outdoor environments. It avoids film peeling and crystal spots. When applied to photovoltaic modules, it can effectively improve their power generation efficiency and exhibits excellent weather resistance, maintaining excellent power generation even under various harsh conditions.

[0043] 4. The water-based antireflective coating liquid provided by this invention uses pure water as a solvent in both the upper and lower coating liquids, and does not produce toxic or irritating gases. It is safe and environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional acidic coating liquids, it does not corrode metal production equipment during the production process, reducing equipment wear and saving production costs.

[0044] 5. This invention overcomes the problem of poor stability of existing water-based antireflective coatings against strong mechanical forces by introducing zeolite precursors (nanocrystalline) with a particle size ≤120nm into the upper coating liquid. Furthermore, it optimizes the ratio of nanocrystalline, hollow silica nanospheres and filler in the system, effectively increasing the film's hardness, weather resistance, transmittance, adhesion and other properties.

[0045] 6. In this invention, the preparation method of the upper coating liquid is optimized. Specifically, nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers and 20-40 wt% water are premixed to form a premixed liquid, which is then mixed with the remaining water, lower alcohol, leveling and wetting aids and surfactants to obtain premixed liquid 2 for preparing the upper coating liquid. This improves the uniformity of the distribution of hollow silica nanospheres, fillers and nanocrystals, ensures the consistency of the antireflection performance of each part of the film layer, and thus ensures the performance of the film layer.

[0046] 7. This invention uses a method of gradual refractive index to apply double or multiple layers of coating to the surface of photovoltaic glass, which can achieve higher anti-reflection in a wide wavelength range, a smoother transmittance curve, and better optical performance. Moreover, because it is a multi-layer film structure, the film layer as a whole has better mechanical properties and weather resistance, making it suitable for more diverse environments. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 The images show the surface SEM image (left) and cross-sectional SEM image (right) of the double film layer in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a comparison graph of the transmittance of the double film layer in Example 5 (curve 1) and the transmittance of the single film layer in Example 1 (curve 2).

[0049] Figure 3 The images show the SEM images of the surface of the double-layer film in Example 9 (left) and the SEM images of the surface of the single-layer film in Example 1 (right).

[0050] Figure 4 The images show the filler 3TEM image (left) and the filler 4TEM image (right). Detailed Implementation

[0051] Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0052] Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of the present invention provide an aqueous single-layer antireflective coating liquid, the formulation of which is shown in Table 1 by weight.

[0053] Table 1

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Note: In Table 1, " / " indicates that the corresponding raw material usage is 0.

[0057] The preparation method of the aqueous single-layer antireflective coating liquid includes the following steps: the raw materials in Table 1 are added to the reaction vessel in sequence, the stirring is turned on during the feeding process, the time interval between each material is 10 minutes, and after all the raw materials are added, they are mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain the aqueous single-layer antireflective coating liquid.

[0058] The method of using the aqueous single-layer antireflective coating liquid is as follows: after aging the aqueous single-layer antireflective coating liquid for 1 day (25℃), apply it to the surface of the substrate, and cure it at high temperature to form a single film layer (see...). Figure 3 ).

[0059] The mixing temperature is 25°C.

[0060] The substrate is photovoltaic glass.

[0061] The coating method is roller coating, and the roller coating speed is 12m / min.

[0062] The high-temperature curing temperature is 600℃ and the time is 10 minutes.

[0063] The thickness of the single film layer is 100 nm.

[0064] Examples 5-10

[0065] Examples 5-10 of the present invention provide an aqueous double-layer antireflective coating liquid, the formulation of which is shown in Table 2 by weight.

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068] Note: In Table 2, " / " indicates that the corresponding raw material usage is 0.

[0069] The method for preparing the aqueous double-layer antireflective coating liquid includes the following steps: mixing nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers and 20wt% pure water for 30 min to obtain premix liquid 1; mixing the remaining pure water, lower alcohol, leveling and wetting aids and surfactants for 30 min to obtain premix liquid 2; mixing premix liquid 1 and premix liquid 2 for 30 min to prepare the upper coating liquid; and mixing water, silicate aqueous solution and aids for 30 min to obtain the lower coating liquid.

[0070] The method of using the aqueous double-layer antireflective coating liquid is as follows: After aging the upper and lower coating liquids for 1 day (25°C), first apply the lower coating liquid to the substrate surface. After curing, the lower film layer is obtained. Then, apply the upper coating liquid to the surface of the lower film layer. After high-temperature curing, the double film layer is obtained (see...). Figure 1 ).

[0071] The mixing temperature is 25°C.

[0072] The substrate is photovoltaic glass.

[0073] The coating method is roller coating, and the roller coating speed is 12m / min.

[0074] The curing temperature is 150℃ and the time is 5 minutes, while the high-temperature curing temperature is 600℃ and the time is 10 minutes.

[0075] The thickness of the double film layer is 210 nm, and the thickness of the lower film layer is 90 nm.

[0076] In Tables 1 and 2:

[0077] Nanocrystal 1: ZSM-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, particle size 80-120nm, content 20wt% (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0078] Nanocrystal 2: ZSM-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursor, particle size 300-400nm, content 20wt% (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0079] Film-forming aid 1: Dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, CAS No. 132739-31-2;

[0080] Film-forming aid 2: Isomeric dipropylene glycol methyl ether, CAS number 111109-77-4;

[0081] Pure water: resistivity 18.25 MΩ·cm;

[0082] Filler 1: Solid silica microspheres, 10nm in diameter, 20wt% in content (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0083] Filler 2: Solid silica microspheres, particle size 3-5nm, content 20wt% (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0084] Filler 3: Branched solid silica, with a particle size of 10-20nm, a length of 30-40nm, and a content of 20wt% (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0085] Filler 4: Beaded solid silica, with a particle size of 10-30nm, a length of 30-60nm, and a content of 20wt% (water-dispersible product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0086] Silicate aqueous solution: lithium-potassium ratio (molar ratio) of 9.5, modulus 3, content 20wt% (water-dispersed product), sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Material Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0087] Hollow silica nanospheres: 70nm in diameter and 10nm in wall thickness, sourced from Ningbo Yong'an Optoelectronic New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.

[0088] Lower alcohol 1: Ethanol;

[0089] Lower alcohol 2: Isopropanol;

[0090] Leveling and wetting aids: acrylate leveling aids;

[0091] Surfactant: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide;

[0092] Additive: Ethoxylated acetylenic diol.

[0093] Performance testing

[0094] The products provided in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to the following performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 3. Figure 2 .

[0095] 1. Transmittance

[0096] Testing instrument: Ultraviolet-Vis spectrometer, model: U-4100, Hitachi.

[0097] Test method: The photovoltaic glass coated with double or single film layers (examples and comparative examples) was placed in a spectrophotometer with an experimental wavelength range of 380-1100nm. The transmittance of the photovoltaic glass before and after coating was tested. The transmittance increase was calculated using the formula (increase in transmittance = transmittance after coating - transmittance before coating / transmittance before coating × 100).

[0098] 2. Pencil hardness

[0099] Testing instrument: Portable pencil scratch tester, model: QHQ-A.

[0100] Test method: Place the photovoltaic glass coated with a double-layer or single-layer film (examples and comparative examples) on a table, and make three points of contact with the surface to be tested (two points are the two wheels, and one point is the pencil lead). Always ensure that the pencil and the coating to be tested form a 45-degree angle. Push the pencil hardness tester horizontally with force to complete the test process and determine the coating's resistance to deformation. Identify the samples with pencil numbers. Each sample is tested in parallel three times, and the results are averaged.

[0101] 3. Experiment Example 3: Salt Spray Test

[0102] Testing instrument: Salt spray corrosion test chamber, model YWX / Q 250L;

[0103] Detection method: Place the photovoltaic glass (examples and comparative examples) coated with a double-layer film or a single-layer film in a salt spray corrosion test chamber. Conduct a 36-hour salt spray test under the conditions of a salt spray concentration of 5% and a temperature of 35°C. If the average attenuation of the sunlight effective transmittance ratio of the three samples after testing is ≤ 1%, and there is no obvious peeling, stripping, or wrinkling of the film layer, it is recorded as qualified; otherwise, it is recorded as unqualified.

[0104] 4. Resistance to 0000# steel wool (500g) performance

[0105] Detection instrument: Abrasion resistance testing machine, model: ZJ-339-GSR, Shenzhen Zhijia.

[0106] Detection method: Use an abrasion resistance testing machine to test the resistance of the photovoltaic glass (examples and comparative examples) coated with a double-layer film or a single-layer film to 0000# steel wool (500g). If the average attenuation of the sunlight effective transmittance ratio of the three samples after testing is ≤ 1%, it is recorded as qualified; otherwise, it is recorded as unqualified.

[0107] 5. Acid resistance: Test according to the standard JC / T 2170-2013(2017) / 6.8. Immerse the sample in a 1mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at (23±2)°C for 24 hours. If the average attenuation of the sunlight effective transmittance ratio of the three samples after the test is ≤ 1%, and there is no obvious peeling, stripping, or wrinkling of the film layer, it is recorded as qualified; otherwise, it is recorded as unqualified.

[0108] 6. Resistance to dirt and contamination: The test pollution source uses a prepared ash made mainly of talc powder. Stir it evenly to make a suspension according to the ratio of prepared ash: water = 1:0.9 (mass ratio), and evenly brush it on the surface of the sample with a brushing amount of (6±0.3) g. Place it in an environment with a temperature of 23°C±2°C and a humidity of 50%±5% for 2 hours, and then rinse the sample. Place the specimen at a temperature of 23°C±2°C and a humidity of 50%±5% until the next day, which is one cycle, about 24 hours. Continue the test according to the above method until five cycles. If the average attenuation of the sunlight effective transmittance ratio of the three samples after the test is ≤ 1%, it is recorded as qualified; otherwise, it is recorded as unqualified.

[0109] 7. Resistance to damp heat aging performance:

[0110] Detection instrument: High and low temperature and humidity test chamber, model GDS-100L;

[0111] Detection method: Place the photovoltaic glass (examples and comparative examples) coated with a double-layer film or a single-layer film in a high and low temperature and humidity test chamber at 121°C±0.5°C, with the relative humidity maintained at 99%-IOO%, and the test time is 48 hours. If the average attenuation of the sunlight effective transmittance ratio of the three samples after the test is ≤ 1%, it is recorded as qualified; otherwise, it is recorded as unqualified.

[0112] 8. Adhesion performance

[0113] Testing instrument: Cross-cut tester

[0114] Testing method: The adhesion of photovoltaic glass coated with double or single film layers (examples and comparative examples) was tested using a cross-cut adhesion tester. If the cut edges were completely flush and no cross-cuts were peeled off, it was considered qualified; otherwise, it was considered unqualified.

[0115] Table 3

[0116]

[0117]

Claims

1. An aqueous antireflection coating liquid, characterized by comprising: The aqueous antireflective coating solution is a single-layer or multi-layer coating solution. When the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a single-layer coating liquid, it comprises at least the following raw materials by weight: 100-150 parts water, 5-15 parts nanocrystals, 3-15 parts hollow silica nanospheres, 0.1-2 parts film-forming aid, 3-15 parts filler, 0.1-1 part leveling and wetting aid, 0.1-1 part surfactant, 0.1-5 parts lower alcohol, and 0.5-3 parts additives; The method of using the single-layer coating liquid is as follows: after aging the water-based single-layer anti-reflective coating liquid for 1 day, it is coated on the surface of the substrate and cured at high temperature to form a single film layer. The high temperature curing temperature is 600℃ and the time is 10 minutes. When the aqueous antireflective coating liquid is a two-layer coating liquid, it includes an upper coating liquid and a lower coating liquid. By weight, the upper coating liquid includes at least the following raw materials: 100-150 parts water, 5-15 parts nanocrystals, 3-15 parts hollow silica nanospheres, 0.1-2 parts film-forming aid, 3-15 parts filler, 0.1-1 parts leveling and wetting aid, 0.1-1 parts surfactant, and 0.1-5 parts lower alcohol. The lower coating liquid shall include at least the following raw materials: water, silicate, and additives; The method of using the double-layer coating liquid is as follows: after aging the upper coating liquid and the lower coating liquid for 1-5 days, first apply the lower coating liquid to the surface of the substrate, and after curing, obtain the lower film layer. Then apply the upper coating liquid to the surface of the lower film layer, and after high-temperature curing, the double film layer is obtained. The high-temperature curing temperature is 500-600℃ and the time is 8-12 minutes. The nanocrystals are the precursors for preparing zeolites, with a particle size ≤120nm, and are either ZSM-5 type zeolite molecular sieve precursors or β type zeolite molecular sieve precursors. The hollow silica nanospheres have a particle size of 25-75 nm and a wall thickness of 4-15 nm. The filler is at least one of solid silica microspheres, beaded solid silica, and branched solid silica. The solid silica microspheres have a particle size of 3-15 nm, and the beaded solid silica and branched solid silica have a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 30-60 nm. The mass ratio of hollow silica nanospheres to nanocrystals is (0.5-1.5):1, and the mass ratio of filler to nanocrystals is (0.5-1.5):

1. The film-forming aid is dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether or isomeric dipropylene glycol methyl ether; By weight, the lower coating liquid comprises at least the following raw materials: 60-100 parts water, 15-40 parts silicate, and 0.5-3 parts additives; The silicate has a modulus of 3-6, and is a mixture of potassium silicate and lithium silicate, wherein the molar ratio of lithium to potassium in the silicate is (9-10):

1.

2. A method for preparing the aqueous antireflection coating liquid according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation method of the double-layer coating liquid includes at least the following steps: mixing nanocrystals, hollow silica nanospheres, film-forming aids, fillers, low alcohols, water, leveling and wetting aids, and surfactants to obtain an upper coating liquid; mixing water, silicates, and additives to obtain a lower coating liquid.

3. Use of the aqueous antireflection coating liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is used in photovoltaic glass, architectural glass, and decorative glass substrates.

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