Full-gauge unlimited-stage pre-set perforating and fracturing string and perforating and fracturing method

Abstract

The application provides a full-through-diameter infinite-stage preset perforating and fracturing pipe column and a perforating and fracturing method, which comprises a casing pipe, a plurality of perforating and fracturing sections arranged on the casing pipe, a coding groove arranged on each of the perforating and fracturing sections, and different structures of the coding grooves in different perforating and fracturing sections, and a preset perforating device arranged on the perforating and fracturing section, the preset perforating device being capable of perforating the casing pipe and being arranged above the coding groove; wherein, when perforating and fracturing operation is performed on one perforating and fracturing section, a corresponding ball seat mechanism is put in to seal on the corresponding coding groove; then a pressure signal is sent by a ground pressing device to start the preset perforating device to perforate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-installed perforation fracturing string and a perforation fracturing method, belonging to the field of oil and gas well completion technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, horizontal well staged fracturing technology mainly includes pump-driven bridge plug staged fracturing technology and multi-stage sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology. When using pump-driven bridge plug staged fracturing technology for horizontal well staged fracturing, the first stage involves perforation via tubing or coiled tubing. After the tubing is pulled out of the wellhead, casing fracturing is performed. After the first stage of fracturing is completed, the bridge plug and perforating gun are pumped to the second stage setting and perforation position for bridge plug setting and perforation operations. Therefore, this process requires a relatively long well site operation time and incurs significant costs.

[0003] Multi-stage sliding sleeve fracturing technology uses tools such as packers, ball-dropped sliding sleeves, and differential pressure sliding sleeves for fracturing. After the packer is set, the differential pressure sliding sleeve is opened by pressurizing, and then the ball-dropped sliding sleeve is opened to complete the staged fracturing. However, there is a risk that the sliding sleeves may not be able to open. At the same time, the lack of perforation operation results in higher fracturing pressure, which increases the operating cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the existing technology, this invention proposes a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string and method, comprising a pre-set perforation device and a ball seat mechanism. The perforation operation is completed by pressure testing, and the fracturing operation is achieved by utilizing a full-bore soluble ball seat, enabling simultaneous perforation and fracturing operations with an unlimited number of stages in a single string run.

[0005] This invention proposes a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string, comprising:

[0006] A casing, wherein a plurality of perforated fracturing sections are provided on the casing, each perforated fracturing section is provided with a coding groove, and the structure of the coding groove is different in different perforated fracturing sections; and

[0007] A pre-positioned perforation device is installed on the perforation fracturing section, which is capable of perforating the casing and is positioned above the coding groove;

[0008] In the process of performing perforation fracturing operation on a perforation fracturing section, a corresponding ball seat mechanism is deployed to seal the corresponding coding groove; then, a pressure signal is sent by a ground-based pressure device to start the pre-set perforation device to perform perforation.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the pre-set perforation device is divided into two groups and arranged in the circumferential direction of the sleeve. The first group of pre-set perforation devices is evenly arranged on one side of the sleeve, and the second group of pre-set perforation devices is evenly arranged on the other side of the sleeve. Furthermore, the first group of pre-set perforation devices and the second group of pre-set perforation devices are axially offset.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the pre-set perforation device includes a mounting block disposed on the outer wall of the casing, and a perforation projectile is disposed inside the mounting block; a pressure sensing and control device is also disposed on the mounting block, and the pressure sensing and control device detects the pressure inside the casing and controls the perforation projectile to start.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the pressure sensing and control device includes:

[0012] A perforation controller is connected to the perforation projectile and controls the activation of the perforation projectile.

[0013] The microcontroller processes the pressure signal and controls the perforation controller to activate the perforation projectile based on the pressure signal.

[0014] The pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the sleeve and transmits the pressure signal to the microcontroller unit via an analog-to-digital converter.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the coding groove includes a plurality of groove lines disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the outer wall of the ball seat mechanism is provided with a coding ring that cooperates with the groove lines.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that the groove parameters of the coding grooves of different perforation fracturing sections are different, and the groove parameters include the number, spacing distance, groove width and groove shape.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that the ball seat mechanism includes an annular full-bore soluble ball seat, on which a soluble ball is disposed; and the coding ring is disposed on the outer wall of the full-bore soluble ball seat.

[0018] According to another aspect of the invention, a perforation fracturing method is also proposed, which uses the aforementioned full-bore unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string for perforation fracturing operations.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that the method includes:

[0020] The pre-installed perforation device is installed on the casing and lowered into the location where fracturing is required; then cementing operations are performed to form a cement sheath on the outside of the casing.

[0021] The ball seat mechanism is inserted into the coding slot of the corresponding perforated fracturing section downhole and locked in the coding slot;

[0022] The pressure device applies pressure to the casing to generate a pressure signal. Upon receiving the pressure signal, the pre-set perforation device starts and performs perforation and fracturing operations.

[0023] A further improvement of the present invention is that the pressure signal includes a verification segment and a signal segment, the verification segment and the signal segment each include multiple pressure units with time Δt, the pressure includes two types of pressure, P0 and P1, which represent binary 0 and 1 respectively; the pressure signal forms two binary codes through the pressure units.

[0024] The pressure sensing and control device of the pre-set perforation device detects the pressure signal and compares it with the preset binary code to determine whether the perforation projectile needs to be activated.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The present invention discloses a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string, comprising a pre-set perforation device and a ball seat mechanism. The perforation operation is completed by pressure testing, and the fracturing operation is achieved by using a full-bore soluble ball seat, realizing the combined perforation and fracturing operation of an unlimited number of stages in a single string run.

[0027] Compared to existing pump-driven bridge plug perforation technology, this invention eliminates the need for repeated perforation and bridge plug installations, effectively improving operational efficiency, reducing operating costs, and shortening well site operation time. Compared to existing full-bore multi-stage sliding sleeve fracturing technology, the pre-installed perforation device avoids problems such as sliding sleeve opening failure and difficulty in fracturing initiation, effectively reducing formation fracturing pressure. Combined with deep-penetrating perforation technology, it can effectively improve fracturing results. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a full-bore, infinite-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a pre-set perforation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the structure in axial cross-section.

[0031] Figure 3 The figure shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a pre-set perforation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The figure shown is a side view of a pre-set perforation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a pressure sensing and control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the ball seat mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the matching method between the coding slot and the coding ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of pressure signal encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] The accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0038] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0039] 1. Pressure testing device; 2. Cement ring; 3. Casing; 4. Pre-set perforation device; 5. Coding groove; 6. Ball seat mechanism; 7. Perforation channel; 8. Reservoir; 41. Pressure sensing and control device; 42. Perforation bullet; 43. First set of pre-set perforation devices; 44. Second set of pre-set perforation devices; 411. Pressure sensor; 412. Analog-to-digital converter; 413. Power supply; 414. Microcontroller unit; 415. Perforation controller; 61. Soluble ball; 62. Full-bore soluble ball seat; 621. Sealing ring; 622. Coding ring. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. Furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0041] Figure 1 The illustration schematically shows a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to the present invention, including a casing 3. Several perforation fracturing sections are arranged on the casing 3 according to the location of the reservoir 8. Each perforation fracturing section is provided with a coding groove 5 for identifying and locking a ball seat mechanism 6. The structure of the coding groove 5 on different perforation fracturing sections is different throughout the casing 3, and the external structure of different ball seat mechanisms 6 is also different. Each ball seat mechanism 6 corresponds one-to-one with a coding groove 5. After the ball seat mechanism 6 is engaged, when passing through the coding groove 5 of other perforation fracturing sections, if the structures do not match, the ball seat mechanism 6 will pass through the coding groove 5 to enter the next perforation fracturing section, eventually reaching the target section and locking onto its corresponding coding groove 5, thereby sealing the casing 3.

[0042] Each perforated fracturing section is equipped with a pre-set perforation device 4. The pre-set perforation device 4 is prefabricated with a device for perforating the casing 3 and is located above the coding groove 5. After the ball seat mechanism 6 is inserted, it is sealed on the corresponding coding groove 5, forming a sealing space above, which facilitates wellhead pressurization. The pressure is used to control the start of the pre-set perforation device 4.

[0043] In the full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to this embodiment, when fracturing a formation, a ball seat mechanism 6 corresponding to the perforation fracturing section of that formation is engaged. As the ball seat mechanism 6 moves downwards, it cannot engage with the coding grooves 5 of other perforation fracturing sections due to mismatch, and thus continues to move downwards until it reaches the target formation and engages with the corresponding coding groove 5. A sealed space is formed within the casing 3 above the ball seat mechanism 6. Pressure is applied from above to provide a control signal to the pre-positioned perforation device 4, activating it and perforating the casing 3, penetrating the casing 3 and the cement sheath 2, and connecting to the reservoir 8.

[0044] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, each perforated fracturing section has multiple pre-installed perforation devices 4, which are divided into two groups and arranged circumferentially along the casing 3. The first group of pre-installed perforation devices 43 is evenly arranged on one side of the casing 3, and the second group of pre-installed perforation devices 44 is evenly arranged on the other side of the casing 3. Circumferentially, the two groups of pre-installed perforation devices 4 are evenly arranged. Axially, the first group of pre-installed perforation devices 43 is located in one axial position, and the second group of pre-installed perforation devices 44 is located in another axial position. The two groups are staggered axially. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0045] In the full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to this embodiment, the first and second groups of pre-positioned perforation devices 44 are generally evenly arranged around the circumference of the casing 3. This ensures that the direction of the fracturing holes is uniform in the circumferential direction, allowing them to face all directions of the reservoir 8. The first and second groups are staggered in the circumferential direction, which avoids hitting the pre-positioned perforation device 4 on the opposite side during perforation, while also ensuring the strength of this section of the casing 3.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the pre-set perforation device 4 includes a mounting block disposed on the outer wall of the casing 3. The mounting block is rectangular, trapezoidal, cylindrical, or other protruding shapes. A mounting cavity is provided within the mounting block, and a perforation projectile 42 and a pressure sensing and control device 41 are disposed within the mounting cavity. The perforation projectile 42 is oriented towards the opposite side of the casing 3. The pressure sensing and control device 41 can detect the pressure inside the casing 3. When pressure is applied to the casing 3 from the surface, the pressure is transmitted downhole and detected by the pressure sensor 411. The intensity and duration of the pressure generate a pressure signal. The detected pressure signal is compared with a preset signal. If they match, the perforation projectile 42 is activated, firing a projectile that penetrates the casing 3 and the cement sheath 2, forming a fracturing hole.

[0047] In one embodiment, the pressure sensing and control device 41 includes:

[0048] The perforation controller 415 is connected to the perforation projectile 42 and controls the perforation projectile 42 to start. In this embodiment, the perforation controller 415 can be used to ignite the perforation projectile 42 or to provide a control signal for the ignition of the perforation projectile 42.

[0049] The microcontroller 414 processes pressure signals and stores preset signals internally. When the pressure signal is compared with the preset signal, if they match, a control command is issued to the perforation controller 415. In this way, the microcontroller can control the perforation controller 415 to activate the perforating projectile 42 based on the pressure signal.

[0050] Pressure sensor 411 detects the pressure inside sleeve 3 and transmits the pressure signal to microcontroller 414 via analog-to-digital converter 412.

[0051] In addition, the pressure sensor 411 and control device described in this embodiment also include a power supply 413, which is preferably a battery suitable for downhole environments.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the coding groove 5 includes a plurality of grooves disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve 3, and the outer wall of the ball seat mechanism 6 is provided with a coding ring 622 that cooperates with the grooves. In this embodiment, the grooves are concave and the coding ring 622 is convex.

[0053] Preferably, the groove parameters of the coding grooves 5 in different perforation fracturing sections are different. These groove parameters include the number, spacing, width, and depth. The differences in these parameters can be due to differences in some parameters of the same type while others are the same, or all parameters can be different, ensuring that the ball seat mechanism 6 can distinguish and coordinate them. Preferably, there are three grooves, but this can be increased or decreased as needed. Different numbers of grooves can also be selected for different perforation fracturing sections within the same casing 3. Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, three slot lines are used.

[0054] In this embodiment, the groove line is circular. If it were semi-circular or arc-shaped, it would affect the docking of the ball seat mechanism 6. The ball seat mechanism 6 may rotate during the descent. The circular groove line can ensure that the ball seat mechanism 6 can be aligned at every angle.

[0055] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the ball seat mechanism 6 includes an annular full-bore soluble ball seat 61, on which a soluble ball 61 is disposed; furthermore, the coding ring 622 is disposed on the outer wall of the full-bore soluble ball seat 62, and a sealing ring 621 is disposed at the position where it connects with the soluble ball 61. Both the full-bore soluble ball seat 61 and the soluble ball 61 are capable of dissolving in the downhole environment after a period of time to achieve full-bore operation.

[0056] According to another aspect of the invention, a perforation fracturing method is also proposed, which uses the aforementioned full-bore unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string for perforation fracturing operations.

[0057] The method includes the following steps:

[0058] The pre-installed perforation device is installed on the casing 3 and lowered into the location where fracturing is required; then cementing operations are carried out to form a cement sheath 2 on the outside of the casing 3.

[0059] The ball seat mechanism 6 is inserted to the position of the coding groove 5 of the corresponding perforation and fracturing section downhole, and locked in the coding groove 5;

[0060] The pressure device 1 applies pressure to the casing 3 to generate a pressure signal. After receiving the pressure signal, the pre-set perforation device 4 starts and performs perforation and fracturing operations.

[0061] In one embodiment, the pressure signal includes a verification segment and a signal segment, each of which includes multiple pressure units with a time Δt. The pressure includes two types, P0 and P1, which represent binary 0 and 1, respectively. The pressure signal forms two binary codes through the pressure units.

[0062] The pressure sensing and control device of the pre-set perforation device detects the pressure signal and compares it with the preset binary code to determine whether the perforation projectile needs to be activated.

[0063] The method according to this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Before cementing operations, a pre-installed perforation device 4 needs to be fabricated, including a pressure sensing and control device 41 and a perforation projectile 42, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the casing 3 with the pre-installed perforation device 4 is lowered into the reservoir 8 that needs to be fracturing, and then cementing operations are performed to form a cement sheath 2 on the outside of the casing 3.

[0065] During fracturing operations, soluble balls 6 and full-bore soluble ball seats 62 are first inserted from the wellhead and pumped into the corresponding coded slot 5 in the reservoir 8. The full-bore soluble ball seat 62 consists of a sealing ring 621 and a coding ring 622, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown. The sealing ring 621 fits with the inner diameter of the sleeve 3 to achieve a seal, and the coding ring 622 fits with the coding groove 5 to achieve a positioning function. Both the coding ring 622 and the coding groove 5 are composed of 3 consecutive protruding teeth (as shown). Figure 6 As shown, by changing the spacing of the protruding teeth, the positioning of different reservoirs 8 is achieved. Only when the coding ring 622 is fully matched with the coding groove 5 will the full-bore soluble ball seat 62 be fixed in that reservoir 8; otherwise, the full-bore soluble ball seat 62 will pass through the reservoir 8 until it reaches the matching coding groove 5. At this time, the pressure is applied to the soluble ball 6 using the pressure-pressurizing device 1, so that the full-bore soluble ball seat 62 and the inner diameter of the casing 3 can fit together and seal, and withstand pressure.

[0066] Then, the perforation operation is performed, using the pressure-pressurizing device 1 for pressurization. The pressure sensing and control device 41 completes the pressure signal acquisition and perforation control. The pressure sensing and control device 41 consists of a pressure sensor 411, an analog-to-digital converter 412, a power supply 413, a microcontroller unit 414, and a perforation controller 415. Figure 4 As shown. Power supply 413 supplies power to pressure sensing and control device 41. Pressure sensor 411 identifies the pressure signal emitted by pressure device 1. Analog-to-digital converter 412 converts the pressure signal identified by pressure sensor 411 into a digital signal. Microcontroller unit 414 identifies the digital signal and determines whether perforation is required. When perforation is required, microcontroller unit 414 sends a command to perforation controller 415, which then activates perforation projectile 42 to complete the perforation operation.

[0067] The pre-set perforation device 4 is arranged in upper and lower layers with opposing perforations, such as... Figure 3As shown. The casing can be divided into two layers, A and B, with a certain distance between them along the casing axis. Typically, both layers A and B are equipped with four pre-set perforation devices 4, with a radial spacing of 45°. The number of pre-set perforation devices 4 can be increased or decreased as needed, but it is necessary to ensure that the pre-set perforation devices 4 in layers A and B are evenly distributed and form a 360° angle. The perforation direction of the pre-set perforation devices 4 in layers A and B both points towards the center of the casing. Figure 4 (in the direction of the middle arrow) a perforation channel 7 is formed between the casing 3, the cement sheath 2 and the reservoir 8 to achieve perforation operation.

[0068] Layers A and B, located in different reservoirs 8, require separate perforation. This is achieved by changing the encoding method of the pressure signal, enabling segmented and layered perforation. The pressure signal consists of two segments: a verification segment and a signal segment, such as... Figure 7 As shown. The verification segment is used to prevent accidental perforation and consists of two pressure values ​​with a duration of Δt, including P=p1 and P=p0 for duration Δt. The signal segment is used to identify the perforation layer. A typical signal segment consists of three pressure values ​​with a duration of Δt. P=p1 is identified as 1, and P=p0 is identified as 0. Therefore, the three-bit signal segment has eight possible combinations (000, 001, 010, 100, 011, 101, 110, 111). The number of bits in the signal segment can be increased as needed to achieve multi-layer, multi-segment perforation control.

[0069] Finally, fracturing operations are carried out using the perforation channels 7 created during the perforation operation, the pressurized soluble spheres 6, and the full-bore soluble sphere seat 62. After the fracturing operation is completed, the soluble spheres 6 and the full-bore soluble sphere seat 62 will automatically dissolve, ultimately achieving full-bore unlimited-stage fracturing operations.

[0070] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and / or modifications falling within the scope of the invention, and all changes and / or modifications made according to embodiments of the invention should be covered within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string, characterized in that, include: A casing (3) is provided with several perforated fracturing sections, each of which is provided with a coding groove (5), and the coding groove (5) in different perforated fracturing sections has a different structure; and A pre-positioned perforation device (4) is installed on the perforation fracturing section. The pre-positioned perforation device (4) is capable of perforating the casing (3) and is located above the coding groove (5). In the process of perforating and fracturing a perforated fracturing section, the corresponding ball seat mechanism (6) is engaged to seal the corresponding coding groove (5); then the pressure signal is sent by the ground pressure device (1) to start the pre-set perforating device (4) to perform perforation.

2. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-set perforation device (4) is divided into two groups and arranged in the circumferential direction of the sleeve (3). The first group of pre-set perforation devices (43) is evenly arranged on one side of the sleeve (3), and the second group of pre-set perforation devices is evenly arranged on the other side of the sleeve (3). The first group of pre-set perforation devices (43) and the second group of pre-set perforation devices (44) are staggered in the axial direction.

3. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pre-set perforation device (4) includes a mounting block disposed on the outer wall of the sleeve (3), and a perforation bullet (42) disposed inside the mounting block; a pressure sensing and control device (41) is also disposed on the mounting block, and the pressure sensing and control device (41) detects the pressure inside the sleeve (3) and controls the perforation bullet (42) to start.

4. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure sensing and control device (41) includes: A perforation controller (415) is connected to the perforation projectile (42) and controls the perforation projectile (42) to start; The microcontroller unit (414) processes the pressure signal and controls the perforation controller (415) to activate the perforation projectile (42) according to the pressure signal; The pressure sensor (411) detects the pressure inside the sleeve (3) and transmits the pressure signal to the microcontroller unit (414) via the analog-to-digital converter (412).

5. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coding groove (5) includes a plurality of grooves disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve (3), and the outer wall of the ball seat mechanism (6) is provided with a coding ring (622) that cooperates with the grooves.

6. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 5, characterized in that, The groove parameters of the coding groove (5) of different perforation fracturing sections are different. The groove parameters include the number, spacing, groove width and groove depth.

7. The full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-positioned perforation fracturing string according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ball seat mechanism (6) includes an annular full-bore soluble ball seat (62), on which a soluble ball (61) is disposed; and the coding ring (622) is disposed on the outer wall of the full-bore soluble ball seat (62).

8. A perforation fracturing method, characterized in that, Perforation fracturing operations are performed using a full-bore, unlimited-stage pre-set perforation fracturing string according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The perforation fracturing method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Install the pre-set perforation device on the casing (3) and lower it into the location where fracturing is required; then perform cementing operations to form a cement sheath (2) on the outside of the casing (3); The ball seat mechanism (6) is inserted into the position of the coding groove (5) of the corresponding perforation and fracturing section downhole and locked in the coding groove (5); The pressure device (1) applies pressure to the casing (3) to generate a pressure signal. The pre-set perforation device (4) starts and performs perforation fracturing operation after receiving the pressure signal.

10. The perforation fracturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pressure signal includes a verification segment and a signal segment. The verification segment and the signal segment each include multiple pressure units with a time Δt. The pressure includes two types of pressure, P0 and P1, which represent binary 0 and 1, respectively. The pressure signal forms two binary codes through the pressure units. The pressure sensing and control device (41) of the pre-set perforation device (4) detects the pressure signal and compares it with the preset binary code to determine whether the perforation projectile (42) needs to be activated.

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