Method for exploiting thin metal mines with diamond wire saws

Abstract

The application discloses a method for exploiting thin metal ore by using diamond wire saw, and operation steps are as follows: ①mining out upper and lower vein gangways along the thin metal ore body, and mining out upper and lower front and rear cross vein gangways which are perpendicular to the upper and lower vein gangways; ②mining out a raise which is adjacent to the upper and lower front cross vein gangways; ③respectively laying upper and lower tracks in the upper and lower vein gangways, installing the upper part of the wire saw machine and the elevator on the upper track, installing the lower part of the wire saw machine on the lower track, and hoisting the drill and breaker machine on the steel wire rope of the elevator in the raise; ④simultaneously cutting out left and right ore falling seams on the mining body by using two diamond wire saws; ⑤lowering the elevator to make the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod reach the drill and breaker height which is away from the lowermost end of the mining body and punch a hole in the middle of the mining body; ⑥expanding the expansion body on the drill rod to make the mining body below the drill hole collapse, and making the ore fall on the lower vein gangway and break, and using the shovel loader and the mine car to transport the broken ore outwards through the lower front cross vein gangway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to metal ore body mining technology, specifically a method for mining thin metal ore using a diamond wire saw. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies for mining underground thin metal ores typically employ a construction method of drilling blasting holes, loading explosives, and then blasting with explosives.

[0003] When mining thin metallic ore bodies less than 0.8m thick using blasting, the unevenness of the ore walls makes drilling blasting holes by machine extremely difficult, necessitating manual drilling. Even with manual operation and simple drilling rigs, the working width needs to be at least 1.5m. Consequently, a large amount of surrounding rock from the thin metallic ore body is also extracted, resulting in a large amount of waste rock, a high rate of low-grade ore, and increased mining costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a safe, environmentally friendly, efficient and economical method for mining thin metal ores using diamond wire saws.

[0005] A method for mining thin metal ores using diamond wire saws, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems, employs a wire saw machine and a ore-cutting device. The steps are as follows:

[0006] 1. Within the designated work area, excavate two horizontal vein tunnels, one above and one below, spaced H apart, along the thin metal ore body. Excavate two front vein tunnels and two rear vein tunnels, perpendicular to the upper and lower vein tunnels. The distance between the front and rear vein tunnels is L. The thin metal ore between the front and rear vein tunnels is a ore body with a thickness of 0.6m to 0.8m.

[0007] 2. A raise is excavated on the ore body from the upper and lower front cross-cutting roadways. The width of the raise is 0.1m to 0.3m greater than the thickness of the ore body.

[0008] 3. Lay upper and lower tracks in the upper and lower mine roadways respectively. Install the upper part of the ore-dropping device elevator and the upper part of the wire saw in front and back positions on the upper track, and install the lower part of the wire saw on the lower track. Hoist the ore-dropping device drilling machine in the well onto the wire rope of the elevator.

[0009] 4. Simultaneously use two diamond wire saws, one on the left and one on the right, to cut two ore-falling seams backward on the front face of the ore body. Each diamond wire saw is wrapped around the wheel system of the upper and lower parts of the wire saw machine in the riser.

[0010] 5. When the cutting depth of the two diamond wire saws reaches 1.0m to 1.5m, the ore cutting operation begins. During the ore cutting operation, the saw cuts continue until the entire ore body is cut.

[0011] 6. During the ore cutting operation, the hoist lowers the drilling and blasting machine so that the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod reaches the drilling and blasting height h at the lowest point of the ore body, and the drill bit begins to drill holes at the middle of the end face of the ore body.

[0012] 7. When the drill bit drills to depth E, the expansion body on the drill rod expands and causes the ore body below the drill hole to fracture and fall off. The fallen ore falls down onto the lower ore vein roadway and is broken. The broken ore is transported out through the lower front cross-vein roadway by a loader and mine cars.

[0013] 8. The elevator gradually raises the height of the drilling rig h and repeats step 7, thereby completing the mining of the first layer of ore body with process E.

[0014] 9. The elevator drives the drilling rig to move backward step by step a distance E and repeats steps 6 to 8 until the entire ore body is mined.

[0015] This invention is also applicable to the mining of thicker ore bodies:

[0016] 1. When the thickness of the ore body is 0.9m to 1.4m, the drilling rig drills two boreholes, one on the left and one on the right, with a distance of 0.4m to 0.6m between them. ， The distance between each borehole and the corresponding lateral ore fracture is 0.2m to 0.4m.

[0017] 2. When the thickness of the ore body is 1.5m to 2m, the drilling rig drills three boreholes (left, center, and right) in the ore body, with a spacing of 0.4m to 0.6m between the three boreholes. ， The distance between the left and right boreholes and the corresponding lateral ore fractures is 0.2m to 0.4m.

[0018] Typically, H = 40m to 100m, L = 50m to 400m, E = 0.6m to 1.5m, and h = 0.3m to 0.6m.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. When mining thin metal ore bodies with a thickness of 0.6m to 2.0m using the diamond wire saw method of the present invention, the two walls are flat, and drilling and rock-falling construction can be carried out automatically by machinery and equipment. The working width is controllable, very little surrounding rock is brought out, the rate of lean ore is low, and the mining cost is low.

[0021] 2. When mining thin metal ores using this invention, the diamond wire saw can continuously cut through the ore vein along the ore vein without the need to drill through the rope hole. It is a safe, environmentally friendly, efficient and low-cost construction method. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view in the image.

[0024] Drawing number identifiers: 1. Mining body; 2. Upper vein roadway; 3. Lower vein roadway; 4. Upper front vein roadway; 5. Lower front vein roadway; 6. Upper rear vein roadway; 7. Lower rear vein roadway; 8. Raised shaft; 9. Upper track; 10. Lower track; 11. Wire saw; 12. Elevator; 13. Drilling machine; 14. Diamond wire saw; 15. Baffle; 16. Drill hole; 17. Mine drop joint. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] This invention relates to a method for mining thin metal ore using diamond wire saws. The method employs a wire saw machine 11 and a ore-falling device (an integrated structure for drilling and fracturing, including a hoist 12 and a drilling and blasting machine 13) to cut the thin metal ore body on both sides using diamond wire saws 14, creating a free face for falling rocks. The ore body of designed capacity is then fractured by the ore-falling device. The falling ore body, accelerated by gravity under free fall, crashes onto the lower ore vein roadway 3, becoming fragmented ore. The fragmented ore is then transported outwards by ore-carrying equipment. The operational steps are as follows:

[0027] 1. Within the designated work area, horizontal upper vein roadways 2 and lower vein roadways 3 are excavated above and below the thin metallic ore body (the vein strikes forward and backward). The distance between upper and lower vein roadways 2 and 3 is H = 40m to 100m. Upper front-crossing vein roadways 4, lower front-crossing vein roadways 5, upper rear-crossing vein roadways 6, and lower rear-crossing vein roadways 7 are excavated at intervals L = 50m to 400m along the vein strike, perpendicular to the upper and lower vein roadways 2 and 3. The thin metallic ore body between the front and rear crossing vein roadways is the mining body 1, and the thickness ac (left and right direction) of the mining body 1 is 0.6m to 0.8m. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] 2. Adjacent to the upper and lower front vein tunnels 4 and 5, and along the vein, excavate a raise 8 with a length of 2m to 4m and a width (left and right directions) 0.1m to 0.3m greater than the thickness of the ore body 1. This is to facilitate the placement of the ore-feeding device and the connection of the diamond wire saw 14. Figure 1 As shown.

[0029] 3. Lay an upper track 9 (forward and backward) in the upper vein roadway 2, and install the upper parts of the hoist 12 and wire saw 11 on the upper track 9 in forward and backward positions. Lay a lower track 10 (forward and backward) in the lower vein roadway 3, and install the lower part of the wire saw 11 on the lower track 10. Hoist the drilling and blasting machine 13 from the lift 8 onto the wire rope of the hoist 12. Figure 1 As shown.

[0030] 4. Each diamond wire saw 14 is wound around the upper and lower corresponding wheel trains of the wire saw machine 11 in the well 8. The inclination angle of each diamond wire saw 14 is γ = 2°~5°. The two ore-dropping seams 17 are ab and cd respectively. To ensure smooth ore dropping, bd should be > ac + (50mm~200mm). Starting from the front end of the ore body 1, the left and right diamond wire saws 14 (φ8mm~φ15mm) are used simultaneously to cut the left and right ore-dropping seams 17 from front to back along the vein direction of the ore body 1. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The α angle shown is the angle naturally formed by the ore body. To ensure the ore falls smoothly under its own weight, the smaller the α angle, the better. However, the smaller the α angle is set, the narrower the scope of application of this invention. This invention is suitable for α ≤ 30°.

[0031] 5. Inject cooling water into the two ore cuts 17 near the diamond wire saw 14, start the upper and lower parts of the wire saw 11, and make the upper and lower parts of the wire saw 11 move backward on their respective tracks to begin sawing the left and right ore cuts 17. The sawing operation is continuous until the ore body 1 is completely sawn. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.

[0032] 6. When the upper part of the wire saw 11 moves backward approximately 1.5m on the upper guide rail 9, the ore dropping operation begins. During the ore dropping operation, the sawing operation continues uninterrupted. Figure 1 As shown.

[0033] 7. The hoist 12 lowers the drilling rig 13 into the shaft 8. When the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod of the drilling rig 13 reaches a drilling height of h = 0.3m to 0.6m from the lowest point of the ore body 1, it stops. The drill bit rests against the middle of the end face of the ore body 1. After the drilling rig 13 is fixed in position on the left and right walls of the shaft 8 by the left and right front and rear top rods, drilling begins. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.

[0034] 8. When the drill bit drills to a depth of 0.3 to 0.6 m, stop drilling. The expansion body on the drill rod expands (which can generate hundreds of tons of expansion force) and causes the ore body 1 below the drill hole 16 to break and fall off (the expansion body resets after the ore breaks off). The broken ore falls down into the lower ore vein roadway 3 and is crushed. The crushed ore is transported out through the lower front cross-vein roadway 5 by a loader and mine car.

[0035] 9. Repeat step 8 2 to 4 times to achieve a cumulative drilling depth of E = 0.6m to 1.5m.

[0036] 10. The elevator 12 raises the drilling rig 13 to a height of h = 0.3m to 0.6m in stages. Steps 8 and 9 are repeated to complete the mining of the first layer of ore body with process E. The baffle 18 is laid on the upper ore vein roadway 2 adjacent to the upper and lower front vein roadways 4 and 5. The laying length of the baffle 18 is 0.6 to 1.5m.

[0037] 11. The elevator 12 drives the drilling and blasting machine 13 to move backward step by step by a distance E and repeats steps 7 to 10, thereby mining the entire ore body.

[0038] When the thickness of the ore body 1 is ac = 0.9m to 1.4m, the drilling rig 13 simultaneously drills two holes 16 on the left and right to extract ore. The distance between the two holes 16 is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the distance between each hole 16 and the corresponding ore extraction joint 17 is 0.2m to 0.4m.

[0039] When the thickness of the ore body 1 is ac = 1.5m to 2.0m, the drilling rig 13 drills three holes 16 simultaneously to extract ore. The distance between the three holes 16 (left, middle, and right) is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the distance between the two holes 16 (left and right) and the corresponding ore extraction joints 17 is 0.2m to 0.4m.

[0040] Compared with existing blasting methods, this invention can reduce the need for mining unnecessary surrounding rock (the original construction method requires drilling holes for explosives, drilling rigs and other mining equipment and personnel to enter the mining area, and the mining area needs to be at least 1.5m wide; if the ore body is less than 1.5m, a large amount of surrounding rock needs to be extracted). In this invention, personnel do not need to enter the mining area without sufficient protection, which can greatly reduce personnel casualties. More importantly, the use of this invention technology will completely solve the environmental restrictions on drilling and blasting. The diamond wire saw cutting and ore dropping itself do not generate vibration and have no impact on the stability of the ore body and mining area.

Claims

1. A method for mining thin metal ores using a diamond wire saw, characterized in that... The operation employed a wire saw and a ore-felling device, and the steps were as follows: ① Within the predetermined work area, excavate two horizontal vein tunnels, one above and one below, with a distance of H between them, along the thin metal ore body. Excavate two front vein tunnels and two rear vein tunnels, which are perpendicular to the upper and lower vein tunnels. The distance between the front and rear vein tunnels is L. The thin metal ore between the front and rear vein tunnels is a ore body with a thickness of 0.6m to 0.8m. ② A raise is excavated on the ore body from the upper and lower cross-cutting roadways, and the width of the raise is 0.1m to 0.3m greater than the thickness of the ore body; ③ Lay upper and lower tracks in the upper and lower mine roadways respectively. Install the upper part of the ore-dropping device elevator and the upper part of the wire saw in front and back positions on the upper track, and install the lower part of the wire saw on the lower track. Hoist the ore-dropping device drilling machine in the well onto the wire rope of the elevator. ④ Simultaneously use two diamond wire saws, one on the left and one on the right, to cut two ore-falling seams backward on the front face of the ore body. Each diamond wire saw is wrapped around the wheel system of the upper and lower parts of the wire saw machine in the well. ⑤ When the cutting depth of the two diamond wire saws reaches 1.0m to 1.5m, the ore cutting operation begins. During the ore cutting operation, the saw cuts continue until the entire ore body is cut through. ⑥ During the ore cutting operation, the elevator lowers the drilling and blasting machine so that the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod reaches the drilling and blasting height h at the lowest point of the ore body, and the drill bit starts drilling at the middle of the end face of the ore body. ⑦ When the drill bit drills to a depth of E, the expansion body on the drill rod expands and causes the ore body below the drill hole to fracture and fall off. The fallen ore falls down onto the lower ore vein roadway and is crushed. The crushed ore is transported out through the lower front cross-vein roadway by a loader and mine car. ⑧. The elevator gradually raises the height of the drilling rig and repeats step ⑦, thereby completing the mining of the first level of the ore body with process E.

9. The elevator drives the drilling rig to move backward a distance E step by step and repeats steps 6 to 8 until the entire ore body is mined.

2. The method for mining thin metal ores using a diamond wire saw according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the thickness of the ore body is 0.9m to 1.4m, the drill bit drills two holes on the left and right sides of the ore body. The distance between the two holes is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the distance between each hole and the corresponding lateral ore fracture is 0.2m to 0.4m.

3. The method for mining thin metal ores using a diamond wire saw according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the thickness of the ore body is 1.5m to 2.0m, the drill bit drills three holes on the ore body: left, middle, and right. The distance between the three holes is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the distance between the left and right holes and the corresponding lateral ore fractures is 0.2m to 0.4m.

4. The method for mining thin metal ores using a diamond wire saw according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: H=40m~100m, L=50m~400m, E=0.6m~1.5m, h=0.3m~0.6m.

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