A decarbonization system and process having a vibrated fluidized bed

Abstract

This invention relates to a flue gas decarbonization process, specifically a decarbonization system and process with a vibrating fluidized bed, including a flue gas generating device, a decarbonization reaction chamber, and a powder feeding device. The flue gas generating device is connected to the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber, and the powder feeding device is connected to the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber. Flue gas is input into the decarbonization reaction chamber from the lower part, and the powder feeding device feeds decarbonizing agent from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber. The top of the decarbonization reaction chamber is also connected to the flue gas generating device. The decarbonization reaction chamber adopts a vibrating fluidized bed, with internal vibrating baffles and an external heating and insulation layer. Compared with the prior art, this invention solves the problems in the prior art where the decarbonizing agent and flue gas cannot fully contact and react, and the flue gas temperature easily leads to sintering and blockage of the decarbonizing agent. This solution achieves bidirectional uniform flow of the decarbonizing agent material and flue gas, and can effectively reduce the sintering and agglomeration of the decarbonizing agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a flue gas decarbonization process, specifically to a decarbonization system and process with a vibrating fluidized bed. Background Technology

[0002] The massive emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major cause of global warming. In industrial production processes, coal-fired power plants and waste incineration plants are the main sources of CO2 emissions. Therefore, controlling and reducing CO2 emissions from power generation is of great significance for mitigating global warming. Currently, the main method for treating carbon dioxide is to capture it using calcium-based decarbonizing agents. However, designing mature decarbonization processes and constructing appropriate equipment are crucial steps in the decarbonization process.

[0003] To minimize the CO2 content in combustion products, researchers have conducted extensive work. Using CaO-based decarbonizing agents to directly capture CO2 from high-temperature flue gas has become a key technology in CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) due to its low cost and good adsorption performance. Furthermore, methods such as hydration modification, organic solution modification, and alkaline metal doping have all improved the carbonization efficiency of decarbonizing agents to some extent.

[0004] In recent years, carbon capture technologies that have reached technical feasibility or have been demonstrated and commercialized include solvent absorption (including chemical and physical absorption) and low-temperature separation. However, factors such as low overall adsorption efficiency, poor circulation effect, and high economic cost still prevent large-scale adoption. Furthermore, because traditional fixed-bed systems often use unidirectional flue gas flow, the decarbonizing agent cannot fully contact the flue gas to undergo a carbonization reaction. Simultaneously, the high heat carried by the flue gas causes sintering on the surface of the decarbonizing agent, further hindering internal contact between the decarbonizing agent and the flue gas, thus significantly reducing carbonization efficiency. Therefore, after prolonged operation, decarbonizing agent accumulation can lead to blockage of the feed inlet, posing a safety hazard.

[0005] In summary, there is a need to provide a new flue gas decarbonization process to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and make it applicable to carbon capture and carbon emission reduction engineering equipment in multiple industrial fields such as waste incineration projects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a decarbonization system and process with a vibrating fluidized bed to solve at least one of the aforementioned problems. This addresses the issues in existing technologies where the decarbonizing agent and flue gas cannot fully contact and react, and the flue gas temperature easily leads to sintering and blockage of the decarbonizing agent. This solution achieves bidirectional uniform flow of the decarbonizing agent and flue gas. Simultaneously, the use of vibrating baffles and a heating insulation layer effectively reduces the sintering and agglomeration of the decarbonizing agent. Furthermore, enhanced contact between the decarbonizing agent and flue gas ensures a more complete carbonization reaction, guaranteeing full utilization of the decarbonizing agent's carbonization capacity. The top-down vibrating fluidized bed design effectively reduces material accumulation at the feed inlet, improves carbonization efficiency, ensures the safe and stable operation of the carbon emission reduction furnace, and extends the service life of the decarbonization device.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] The first aspect of this invention discloses a decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed, including a flue gas generating device, a decarbonization reaction chamber, and a powder feeding device;

[0009] The flue gas generating device is connected to the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber, and the powder feeding device is connected to the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber; the flue gas generating device inputs flue gas from the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber, and the powder feeding device feeds decarbonizing agent from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber.

[0010] The top of the decarbonization reaction chamber is also connected to a flue gas generating device;

[0011] The decarbonization reaction chamber adopts a vibrating fluidized bed, and the interior of the decarbonization reaction chamber is equipped with vibrating baffles at intervals along the height direction. The exterior of the decarbonization reaction chamber is covered with a heating and insulation layer.

[0012] Preferably, the decarbonization reaction chamber is further provided with an orifice plate and a baffle plate; the orifice plate is horizontally arranged below the vibrating baffle, dividing the decarbonization reaction chamber into a reaction section above the orifice plate and a transition chamber below the orifice plate, and the flue gas generating device is connected to the transition chamber; the baffle plate is vertically connected to the side of the orifice plate and is located at the end of the vibrating baffle, forming a channel connecting the reaction section and the transition chamber, through which the decarbonization agent enters the transition chamber.

[0013] Preferably, both the orifice plate and the vibration baffle are provided with a plurality of openings, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the decarbonizing agent, so that the flue gas passes through the decarbonization reaction chamber in a uniform flow and prevents the flue gas from flowing back below the orifice plate.

[0014] Preferably, the reaction section is provided with observation windows spaced apart along the height direction.

[0015] Preferably, the vibration baffles are staggered, so that the decarbonizing agent channels formed between the vibration baffles have a Z-shaped structure.

[0016] Preferably, the surface of the vibration baffle is set as an inclined surface to facilitate the decarbonizing agent to move down along the vibration baffle.

[0017] Preferably, the decarbonization reaction chamber is provided with doors on both sides for adjusting the spacing of the vibration baffles.

[0018] Preferably, the flue gas generating device is connected to the decarbonization reaction chamber via a flue gas fan. The flue gas fan is used to supplement the pressure difference when it is insufficient, thereby stabilizing the flue gas flow rate.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the decarbonizing agent recovery device is also connected to an ash storage device.

[0020] Preferably, the heating and insulation layer includes a heating belt, an insulation layer, and a heat insulation shell; the heating belt is wrapped around the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber, the insulation layer is disposed on the outside of the heating belt, and the heat insulation shell is disposed on the outside of the insulation layer.

[0021] Preferably, the heating belt is a ceramic heating tape, the insulation layer is made of aluminum silicate insulation cotton, and the heat insulation shell is assembled from heat insulation boards (which are detachable structures).

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a decarburization process with a vibrating fluidized bed, which is carried out using any of the decarburization systems described above;

[0023] S1: Decarbonizing agent is supplied to the decarbonization reaction chamber through the powder feeding device, so that the space between the vibrating baffles is filled with decarbonizing agent (to prevent short circuit of flue gas). At the same time, the temperature inside the decarbonization reaction chamber is raised to the reaction temperature by heating the insulation layer.

[0024] S2: After the temperature inside the decarbonization reaction chamber rises to the reaction temperature, flue gas is introduced into the decarbonization reaction chamber through the flue gas generating device. The flue gas and the decarbonizing agent flow countercurrently and undergo a carbonization reaction.

[0025] S3: The treated flue gas is returned from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber to the flue gas generating device.

[0026] The treated flue gas, along with the main flue gas generated by the flue gas generating device, is then sent to an external flue gas treatment device for post-treatment, while the decarbonizing agent after reaction can be sent to an external decarbonizing agent recovery device for recycling and reuse.

[0027] Preferably, the reaction temperature is 700-750℃.

[0028] Preferably, the feed rate and feed amount of the decarbonizing agent are determined based on the flue gas flow rate; the vibration frequency of the vibrating baffle is determined based on the flue gas flow rate.

[0029] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0030] This invention proposes a decarbonization process and system with a vibrating fluidized bed, based on a fixed bed. The decarbonizing agent enters the decarbonization reaction chamber (vibrating fluidized bed) from top to bottom through a powder feeding device, and multi-stage vibrating baffles ensure sufficient contact and uniform mixing between the material and the flue gas. Specifically, the decarbonizing agent is supplied through a powder feeding device located at a higher position, while the decarbonization reaction chamber is located on a reference platform. After entering the decarbonization reaction chamber, the decarbonizing agent is moved from top to bottom by the vibrating baffles, forming a countercurrent with the flue gas flowing from bottom to top, allowing for thorough and uniform mixing and reaction.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The decarbonization process and system with a vibrating fluidized bed designed in this invention operates according to the following mechanism in the reaction chamber: The decarbonizing agent enters the decarbonization reaction chamber through a self-feeding device, completing a top-down transport process. The flue gas enters the reaction section through the perforated plate from the transition chamber, completing a bottom-up uniform diffusion process. During this process, the decarbonizing agent material is vibrated up and down by the vibrating baffle, which can achieve full contact with the flue gas; the flue gas is diverted by the perforated plate to achieve uniform diffusion, which also improves the contact rate between the flue gas and the decarbonizing agent, and can fully realize the carbon fixation capacity of the decarbonizing agent; the continuous vibration of the vibrating fluidized bed can also effectively reduce the agglomeration and sintering of the decarbonizing agent, which is conducive to improving the actual carbon fixation efficiency of the decarbonizing agent. A ceramic heating tape is installed on the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber to control the temperature of the reaction section to maintain the optimal temperature for the carbon fixation reaction. The continuous feeding of the powder by the feeding device enables the continuous execution of the carbon fixation reaction.

[0033] (2) Unlike traditional fixed beds, where the unidirectional flow of flue gas prevents the decarbonizing agent from fully carbonizing, and the high heat carried by the flue gas causes sintering on the surface of the decarbonizing agent, hindering contact between the internal decarbonizing agent and the flue gas, thus significantly reducing carbonization efficiency, and long-term operation can also lead to decarbonizing agent accumulation, clogging the feed inlet and posing safety hazards, this invention employs a decarbonization process and system with a vibrating fluidized bed. The decarbonization reaction chamber (vibrating fluidized bed) can achieve bidirectional uniform flow of the decarbonizing agent and flue gas under continuous material supply, ensuring thorough mixing. Simultaneously, the vibrating baffles and heating insulation layer effectively reduce the sintering and agglomeration of the decarbonizing agent, further enhancing the contact between the decarbonizing agent and the flue gas, resulting in a more complete carbonization reaction and ensuring full utilization of the decarbonizing agent's carbonization capacity. Furthermore, the top-down vibrating fluidized bed design effectively reduces material accumulation at the feed inlet, improves carbonization efficiency, ensures the safe and stable operation of the decarbonization reaction chamber, and extends its service life.

[0034] (3) The decarbonization process and system with a vibrating fluidized bed adopted in this invention has a compact design and excellent sealing performance of the reaction section of the decarbonization reaction chamber. Traditional fixed-bed decarbonization systems experience varying degrees of air leakage after the entire carbon emission reduction furnace has been disassembled and cleaned, leading to decreased airtightness and reduced carbon fixation efficiency in the decarbonization reaction chamber as working time increases. The decarbonization reaction chamber in this solution adopts a detachable structure, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. Even after multiple maintenance sessions, it can still meet the carbon fixation requirements of the operating conditions, ensuring both the carbon fixation efficiency of the decarbonizing agent and preventing flue gas leakage, thus exhibiting excellent sealing performance.

[0035] (4) The decarbonization process and system with vibrating fluidized bed adopted in this invention has higher overall adsorption efficiency and lower economic cost compared with traditional solvent absorption methods (including chemical absorption methods and physical absorption methods) and low temperature separation methods, which is conducive to the large-scale popularization of engineering.

[0036] In summary, the decarbonization process and system with a vibrating fluidized bed of the present invention not only ensures sufficient and uniform contact between the decarbonizing agent and the carbon-containing flue gas, improving the carbon fixation efficiency of the decarbonizing agent, but also reduces the risk of decarbonizing agent agglomeration and sintering based on the design of the vibrating fluidized bed, avoiding a significant decrease in carbon fixation efficiency of the decarbonizing agent over reaction time. The ceramic heat tracing cable installed outside the decarbonization reaction chamber ensures that the reaction section is at the optimal temperature for carbon fixation. The top-down feeding method ensures a continuous supply of decarbonizing agent material and a continuous carbon fixation reaction. The compact structure and excellent sealing design ensure the carbonization efficiency of the decarbonizing agent, prevent flue gas leakage, facilitate maintenance, and extend the service life of the carbon emission reduction furnace. Compared with traditional solvent absorption methods (including chemical absorption and physical absorption methods) and low-temperature separation methods, the overall adsorption efficiency is higher and the economic cost is lower. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a decarburization system with a vibrating fluidized bed.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the decarbonization reaction chamber;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the orifice plate and barrier plate;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of the vibration baffle.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a top view of the vibration baffle.

[0042] In the diagram: 1-Feed inlet; 2-Vibrating baffle; 3-Heating and insulation layer; 4-Flue gas inlet; 5-Orifice plate; 6-Observation window; 7-Transition bin; 8-Ash collector; 9-Blocking plate; 10-Flue gas outlet; 11-Decarbonization reaction chamber; 12-Powder feeding device; 13-Flue gas generating device; 14-Flue gas fan. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Example

[0045] A decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes a flue gas generating device 13, a decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and a powder feeding device 12;

[0046] The flue gas generating device 13 is connected to the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and the powder feeding device 12 is connected to the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11; the flue gas generating device 13 inputs flue gas from the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and the powder feeding device 12 feeds decarbonizing agent from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11.

[0047] The top of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 is also connected to the flue gas generating device 13;

[0048] The decarbonization reaction chamber 11 adopts a vibrating fluidized bed. Vibrating baffles 2 are arranged at intervals along the height direction inside the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and the exterior of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 is covered with a heating and insulation layer 3.

[0049] More specifically, in this embodiment:

[0050] This decarbonization process and system are applicable to decarbonization requirements in waste incineration projects and other similar scenarios. In this embodiment, a waste incinerator is used as the flue gas generating device 13 as an example, applicable to flue gas treatment capacities of 1500-80000 Nm³. 3 / h, based on a demonstration scale of 1500 Nm 3 The main parameter settings for / h are as follows:

[0051] Firstly, the decarbonizing agent uses coal ash from Zhundong coal mine in Xinjiang, with a calcium oxide content of approximately 36 wt%. The feed rate of the pulverizing device is controlled at around 1500 kg / h, but the design is based on a processing rate of 1-10 kg / h. The pulverizing silo is 30L and equipped with a large feed port to facilitate continuous material feeding and prevent clogging. Secondly, the flue gas residence time is controlled at 45-60 seconds, and the flue gas flow rate is set at 1500 Nm³. 3 / h, to better achieve uniform contact and full reaction between flue gas and decarbonizing agent materials. Third, the reaction section of decarbonization reaction chamber 11 is heated by ceramic heating tape, and temperature control is added as needed (existing technology is sufficient). The temperature control range of the reaction bed is 700-750℃, and the insulation cotton is 300mm thick. Fourth, the dimensions of decarbonization reaction chamber 11 (cube): 8m high, 2.5m wide, and 2.5m deep.

[0052] In other embodiments, the flue gas generating device may also be a large boiler or similar device.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the main body of the decarbonization process and system with vibrating fluidized bed includes a decarbonization reaction chamber 11, a powder feeding device 12, and a waste incinerator (flue gas generating device 13). The decarbonization reaction chamber 11 is the core reaction part of the system. Its top is connected to the powder feeding device 12 and the waste incinerator, its bottom is connected to the waste incinerator, and its bottom is connected to the ash storage device 8. The powder feeding device 12 continuously supplies decarbonizing agent to the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and the waste incinerator continuously inputs flue gas into the bottom of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. The flue gas and the decarbonizing agent come into countercurrent contact and undergo carbon fixation reaction. The treated flue gas is then returned to the waste incinerator and sent to the flue gas treatment device for post-treatment together with the main flue gas in the waste incinerator. The decarbonizing agent after reaction falls into the ash storage device 8 and then enters the decarbonizing agent recovery device for recovery.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 includes a feed inlet 1, a vibrating baffle 2, a heating and insulation layer 3 (including a heating belt, insulation layer and heat insulation shell), a flue gas inlet 4, an orifice plate 5, an observation window 6, a transition chamber 7, an ash collector 8, a baffle plate 9 and a flue gas outlet 10.

[0055] The decarbonization reaction chamber 11 is placed on a reference platform, and the powder feeding device 12 is placed on a high platform (second layer), so that the powder feeding device 12 is arranged above the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. The powder feeding device 12 is connected to the feed port 1 of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 through a pipeline to realize the continuous conveying of the decarbonization agent material into the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 from top to bottom, and to control the feeding rate of the decarbonization agent. The specific powder feeding amount should be determined according to the flue gas flow rate.

[0056] The flue gas inlet 4 is located at the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, thus the flue gas from the waste incinerator is introduced into the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. An additional flue gas fan 14 can be installed between the waste incinerator and the flue gas inlet 4 of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 to act as a pressure-reducing device when the flue gas pressure is insufficient, ensuring that the flue gas flow rate and velocity are maintained within a certain range and are controllable. The flue gas fan 14 is made of high-temperature resistant equipment to adapt to the temperature of the flue gas and avoid damage.

[0057] Inside the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, the vibrating baffles 2 are symmetrically vibrating baffles, spaced apart along the height of the chamber and arranged symmetrically to form a multi-level structure. This results in a Z-shaped arrangement of the pathways between the vibrating baffles 2, facilitating the slow, belt-like transport of the decarbonizing agent and ensuring uniform vibration for thorough reaction. The pathways between the vibrating baffles 2 are filled with the decarbonizing agent, thereby achieving a complete carbonization reaction with the flue gas and preventing short-circuiting of the flue gas. Furthermore, as... Figure 4 As shown, the vibrating baffle 2 has a trapezoidal structure with an inclined surface, allowing the decarbonizing agent to be conveniently and continuously transported from top to bottom through the vibration of the vibrating baffle 2. Figure 5 The vibrating baffle 2 has a uniformly perforated structure with an array of perforations to allow flue gas to flow. The perforation diameter is smaller than the decarbonizing agent particle size, ensuring the decarbonizing agent can only pass through the channels between the vibrating baffles 2 and does not fall through the perforations. Doors are provided on both sides of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, which can be opened to facilitate adjustment of the spacing between the vibrating baffles 2. Furthermore, observation windows 6 are provided on the sides of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 without doors, allowing direct observation of the internal conditions and status of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11.

[0058] Inside the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, at the end of the flue gas inlet 4, an orifice plate 5 and a baffle plate 9 are also installed. The orifice plate 5 is horizontally arranged inside the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, below all the vibrating baffles 2, roughly dividing the interior of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 into a reaction section above the orifice plate 5 and a transition chamber 7 below the orifice plate 5. The baffle plate 9 is vertically arranged and connected to the side end of the orifice plate 5 and the end of the last vibrating baffle 2 (the outlet position of the decarbonizing agent passage). The baffle plate 9 connects the opposite sides of the orifice plate 5 to form a channel connecting the reaction section and the transition chamber 7, used to guide the decarbonizing agent directly into the transition chamber 7 without accumulating on the orifice plate 5. Figure 3 As shown, the perforated plate 5 has uniformly opened holes in an array, which allows the flue gas to enter the reaction section in a uniform flow through the perforated plate 5. This has a certain diversion effect and prevents the flue gas from flowing back below the perforated plate 5, thus avoiding affecting the flue gas flow field.

[0059] A heating and insulation layer 3 is installed on the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 to control the internal temperature and maintain it at a suitable reaction temperature. Specifically, ceramic heating tape is wrapped around the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, and aluminum silicate insulation cotton is wrapped around it to form an insulation layer. A heat insulation board is then attached to the outside of the insulation layer, using a movable and detachable structure (such as snap-fit ​​or plug-in assembly) for easy maintenance and adjustment. A temperature sensor can also be installed inside the decarbonization reaction chamber 11, working in conjunction with an external controller (such as a PLC controller) using a 220V star connection to achieve real-time temperature control (the specific temperature control method and equipment can be implemented using existing technology).

[0060] The intermediate ash storage tank 8 is connected below the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 and communicates with the bottom outlet of the transition chamber 7, so as to recover the decarbonizing agent after carbonization reaction to the bottom of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. The bottom outlet of the ash storage tank 8 can be further connected to a decarbonizing agent recovery device to recover the decarbonizing agent after reaction.

[0061] In summary, as Figure 1 As shown, the powder feeding device 12 is connected to the feed inlet 1 of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 via a pipeline, and the powder feeding rate is set according to the flue gas flow rate. Flue gas enters the transition chamber 7 from the waste incinerator through the flue gas inlet 4, and then enters the reaction section through the orifice plate 5 to react with the decarbonizing agent for carbon fixation. An ash collector 8 is connected below the transition chamber 7 for receiving and storing the decarbonizing agent material after the reaction. The flue gas outlet 10 above the reaction section returns to the flue gas pipeline of the waste incinerator to mix with the main flue gas for post-treatment.

[0062] Therefore, the decarbonization process and system with vibrating fluidized bed designed in this embodiment adopts the above-mentioned reaction operation mode. The carbon-containing flue gas generated by the waste incinerator first enters the transition chamber 7 of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 through the flue gas inlet 4 from the inlet pipe, and then diffuses evenly from bottom to top into the reaction section through the perforated plate 5. After passing through the vibrating fluidized bed, it completes the carbonization reaction with the decarbonizing agent. The flue gas after the carbonization reaction returns to the waste incinerator from the flue gas outlet 10 at the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 and is then treated as tail flue gas. The powder feeding device 12 is placed at the high platform and connected to the feed inlet 1 of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 through the pipeline. The powder feeding amount is controlled according to the flue gas flow rate. The decarbonizing agent first enters the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 from the top, completes the transportation process from top to bottom through the vibrating fluidized bed, and finally enters the ash storage tank 8 through the baffle plate 9 at the end of the vibrating fluidized bed and is then sent to the decarbonizing agent recovery device to complete the recovery of the decarbonizing agent.

[0063] This embodiment also provides a decarburization process with a vibrating fluidized bed, including the following steps:

[0064] (1) The decarbonizing agent that meets the requirements of the decarbonization process is fed into the reaction section of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 at a constant speed through the powder feeding device 12, and a powder layer of a certain thickness is formed between the vibrating baffles 2 in advance. At the same time, the heating belt is used to heat the inner cavity of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 by controlling the electrical control cabinet.

[0065] (2) After the decarbonizing agent powder layer is preheated, flue gas is introduced from the lower flue gas inlet 4. The flue gas fan 14 is turned on as needed to supplement the air pressure. The flue gas entering the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 comes into contact with the pre-made powder layer and undergoes a carbonization reaction. The powder feeding rate of the upper powder feeding device 12 is adjusted according to the flue gas volume. The vibrator of the control reaction section vibration baffle 2 is turned on to make the vibration baffle 2 vibrate, so that the decarbonizing agent flows slowly and reacts fully in the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. At the same time, the flue gas treatment device is started to treat the tail flue gas of the waste incinerator. The decarbonizing agent after the reaction enters the decarbonizing agent recovery device to wait for recycling.

[0066] Furthermore, in step (1), the feed inlet 1 is connected to the powder feeding device 12 via a flexible hose for continuous transport of the decarbonizing agent. The rate of the powder feeding device 12 is controlled by the flue gas volume. The thickness of the decarbonizing agent powder layer should ensure that there is no gap between the two layers of vibrating baffles 2. The sidewalls of the vibrating baffles 2 should be tightly fitted to the wall of the decarbonization reaction chamber 11 without gaps to prevent short circuit of the flue gas. A ceramic heating tape is used to control the temperature inside the reaction chamber, so that the temperature of the reaction section reaches 750℃.

[0067] Furthermore, in step (2), the flue gas perforated plate 5 has a uniform porous structure, which allows the flue gas to flow uniformly into the reaction chamber without causing flue gas backflow in the transition chamber 7. The vibrating baffle 2 has a uniform porous structure and is a symmetrical vibrating structure, which is used for the uniform flow of the decarbonizing agent material from top to bottom. The vibration frequency of the vibrating baffle 2 can be controlled according to the amount of flue gas introduced, ensuring that the decarbonizing agent achieves slow and uniform flow in the path formed by the vibrating baffle 2.

[0068] Furthermore, in step (2), the flue gas enters the transition chamber 7 through the flue gas inlet 4, and then enters the reaction chamber through the perforated plate 5 to react with the decarbonizing agent for carbon fixation. After the fully reacted material layer is blocked by the baffle plate 9, it falls into the ash storage tank 8, and then enters the decarbonizing agent recovery device for decarbonizing agent recovery treatment. Above the decarbonizing reaction chamber 11, the flue gas treated by the decarbonizing agent adsorption returns from the flue gas outlet 10 to the waste incinerator to mix with the main flue gas, and then enters the flue gas treatment device for tail flue gas treatment.

[0069] A specific implementation example of a decarbonization reaction chamber 11:

[0070] A stream of flue gas at a temperature of approximately 800-850℃ is drawn from the furnace interface of the waste incinerator and enters the decarbonization reaction chamber 11. It then enters the transition chamber 7 through the flue gas inlet 4 and diffuses evenly from bottom to top into the reaction chamber cavity through the perforated plate 5. After passing through the vibrating fluidized bed, it comes into contact with the decarbonization agent flowing from top to bottom to complete the carbonization reaction. Subsequently, it flows back to the front end of the first-stage evaporator in the waste incinerator through the flue gas outlet 10 and enters the next-stage evaporator system along with the main flue gas. After passing through multiple stages of superheaters, evaporators, and economizers, it enters the flue gas treatment device to complete the flue gas purification treatment.

[0071] High-temperature flue gas fan 14 is used as the power source for extracting flue gas from the furnace interface and recirculating it back into the furnace. Alternatively, the pressure difference can be adjusted according to the actual engineering conditions. For example, if the pressure difference between the furnace interface and the front end of the primary evaporator of the waste incinerator is sufficient for the extracted flue gas to complete the overall decarbonization and recirculation, then there is no need to use a high-temperature flue gas fan 14.

[0072] Regarding the control of flue gas temperature, the theoretical decarbonization temperature is 650-750℃, so the corresponding flue gas extraction temperature is 800-850℃. By leaving a certain temperature margin, the reaction temperature of the decarbonization reaction chamber can be kept at the optimal temperature. At this time, there is no need to use additional electric heating equipment (such as heating the insulation layer 3) for heating. If the engineering conditions are limited, electric heating equipment is required to maintain the optimal reaction temperature.

[0073] For the specific example in this embodiment, the main equipment used can be commercially available products or existing equipment, and the relevant key parameters are as follows:

[0074] 1. Waste incinerator: processing capacity 750 tons / day;

[0075] 2. Decarburization reactor 11: Made of 310s stainless steel, 2.5m wide, 2.5m deep, 8m effective height, and 50m³ effective volume. 3 Surface area 80m² 2 .

[0076] 3. Rotary star feeder: Model YJD02 is selected, with a speed of 24 / min. Its specific parameters are shown in Table 1 below.

[0077] Table 1 Key parameters of YJD02 type rotary feeder

[0078] 4. High-temperature flue gas fan 14: G9-35 type boiler centrifugal induced draft fan, air volume range: 800-3000m³ / h 3 / h, total pressure range: 600-1200Pa, motor power 1.1-7.5kW, motor speed: 2900r / min.

[0079] The advantages of this system and process are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the top-down vibrating feeding method of the decarburizing agent and the bottom-up uniform diffusion method of the flue gas ensure sufficient and uniform contact between the decarburizing agent and the carbon-containing flue gas, thereby improving the carbon fixation efficiency of the decarburizing agent. Second, the vibrating fluidized bed reduces the risk of decarburizing agent agglomeration and sintering, avoiding a significant decrease in carbon fixation efficiency of the decarburizing agent over reaction time. The ceramic heat tracing device installed outside the decarburization reaction chamber 11 ensures that the reaction section is at the optimal temperature for carbon fixation reaction. Third, the compact structure and excellent sealing design ensure the carbon fixation efficiency of the decarburizing agent, prevent flue gas leakage, facilitate maintenance, and extend the service life of the carbon emission reduction furnace. Fourth, compared with traditional solvent absorption methods (including chemical absorption and physical absorption methods) and low-temperature separation methods, the overall adsorption efficiency is higher and the economic cost is lower.

[0080] This system and process, based on the traditional carbon dioxide capture in flue gas from carbon reduction furnaces, modifies the packing method of the decarbonizing agent by employing a top-down feeding method with a vibrating fluidized bed. This improves the contact rate between the decarbonizing agent and the carbon-containing flue gas, ensuring full utilization of the decarbonizing agent, and also enables automatic material filling. Simultaneously, vibration ensures uniform unidirectional flow of the material, preventing the decarbonizing agent from agglomerating, sintering, and clogging the fluidized bed, thus ensuring the efficient and safe continuous long-term operation of the carbon reduction furnace. This decarbonization process and device are applicable to carbon capture and emission reduction engineering equipment in various industrial fields, including waste incineration projects.

[0081] This invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the flow rate of flue gas and the flow rate of the powder feeding device 12 can be reasonably changed in specific implementation processes according to different requirements and processing objectives required by the engineering design. Similarly, the tilt angle and vibration frequency of the Z-shaped vibrating belt can also be changed accordingly. In summary, as long as the above-described related technical solutions are adopted, they all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0082] In addition, when the flue gas volume of the flue gas generating device 13 exceeds the processing load limit of a single decarbonization system, multiple decarbonization systems can be connected in parallel. In this case, the treated flue gas is uniformly returned to the flue gas generating device 13 and sent to the subsequent flue gas treatment device. This avoids the situation where each decarbonization system has a separate flue gas treatment device or insufficient transmission pressure, and reduces equipment costs as much as possible while meeting the processing requirements.

[0083] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decarburization system having a vibrated fluidized bed, characterized by, It includes a flue gas generating device (13), a decarbonization reaction chamber (11), and a powder feeding device (12). The flue gas generating device (13) is connected to the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11), and the powder feeding device (12) is connected to the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11); The flue gas generating device (13) inputs flue gas from the lower part of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11), and the powder feeding device (12) feeds decarbonizing agent from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11); The top of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) is also connected to the flue gas generating device (13); The decarbonization reaction chamber (11) adopts a vibrating fluidized bed. Vibrating baffles (2) are spaced apart along the height direction inside the decarbonization reaction chamber (11), and the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) is covered with a heating and insulation layer (3). Several openings are provided on the vibrating baffles (2), and the diameter of the openings is smaller than the diameter of the decarbonizing agent. The vibrating baffles (2) are staggered, so that the decarbonizing agent channel formed between the vibrating baffles (2) has a Z-shaped structure. The decarbonization reaction chamber (11) is also provided with a perforated plate (5). The perforated plate (5) is horizontally positioned below the vibrating baffle (2), dividing the interior of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) into a reaction section above the perforated plate (5) and a transition chamber (7) below the perforated plate (5). The flue gas generating device (13) is connected to the transition chamber (7). The perforated plate (9) is vertically connected to the side of the perforated plate (5) and is located at the end of the vibrating baffle (2), forming a channel connecting the reaction section and the transition chamber (7). The decarbonizing agent enters the transition chamber (7) through the channel.

2. The decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perforated plate (5) has several openings, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the decarbonizing agent.

3. The decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed of claim 1, wherein, The reaction section is provided with observation windows (6) spaced apart along the height direction.

4. A decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas generating device (13) is connected to the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) via a flue gas fan (14).

5. A decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ash storage device (8) is connected to the bottom outlet of the transition chamber (7), and the bottom of the ash storage device (8) is connected to the decarbonizing agent recovery device.

6. A decarbonization system with a vibrating fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating and insulation layer (3) includes a heating band, an insulation layer and a heat insulation shell; the heating band is wrapped around the outside of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11), the insulation layer is disposed on the outside of the heating band, and the heat insulation shell is disposed on the outside of the insulation layer.

7. A decarburization process with a vibrating fluidized bed, characterized in that, The decarbonization is carried out using the decarbonization system described in any one of claims 1-6; S1: Decarbonizing agent is supplied to the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) through the powder feeding device (12), so that the space between the vibrating baffles (2) is filled with decarbonizing agent. At the same time, the heat insulation layer (3) is heated to raise the temperature inside the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) to the reaction temperature. S2: After the temperature inside the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) is raised to the reaction temperature, flue gas is input into the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) through the flue gas generating device (13). The flue gas and the decarbonizing agent flow countercurrently and undergo carbonization reaction. S3: The treated flue gas is returned from the top of the decarbonization reaction chamber (11) to the flue gas generating device (13).

8. A decarburization process with a vibrating fluidized bed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reaction temperature is 700-750℃.

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