An irregular milling cutter piece and small diameter milling cutter

Abstract

The application relates to a special-shaped milling cutter piece and a small-diameter milling cutter head, which comprises a cutter body and a cutter head; the cutter body comprises a bottom positioning surface, two side adjusting surfaces and two side pressing surfaces, the two side pressing surfaces are inwardly recessed so that a first longitudinal section of the cutter body is isosceles trapezoidal; the cutter head is formed on a side of the cutter body far from the bottom positioning surface, the cutter head comprises a rake surface, a main relief surface and a minor relief surface, a main cutting edge is formed between the rake surface and the main relief surface, an obtuse angle is formed between the rake surface and the side pressing surface so that a first longitudinal section of the special-shaped milling cutter piece is X-shaped; an included angle between the bottom positioning surface and the side pressing surface is 88-75 DEG, included angles between the rake surface and the main relief surface and the minor relief surface are both 80-70 DEG, a second longitudinal section of the special-shaped milling cutter piece is parallelogram-shaped, a primary rake angle lambda s formed between the main cutting edge and a base surface and a minor rake angle lambda s' formed between a minor cutting edge and the base surface are both positive angles. The application has the effect of simultaneously arranging an adjusting mechanism and an internal cooling hole under the condition of axial and radial positive rake angles realized on a small-diameter cutter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of milling inserts, and more particularly to a profiled milling insert and a small-diameter milling cutter. Background Technology

[0002] Milling is a highly efficient metalworking method that uses a rotating multi-edged cutting tool to cut a workpiece. During operation, the tool rotates (performing the main motion), and the workpiece moves (performing the feed motion). The workpiece can also be stationary, but the rotating tool must still move (i.e., simultaneously completing the main motion and feed motion). Generally, several cutting edges are provided on the circumferential and end faces of the cutter head for cutting the workpiece. As the cutter head rotates, each cutting edge intermittently mills the workpiece. To reduce the cutting heat generated during cutting, internal cooling holes are usually arranged on the tool. Furthermore, in actual use, due to the influence of the machining accuracy or installation accuracy of the inserts, the axial height of each end edge may be uneven. Inserts with higher heights may bear more cutting resistance, while inserts with lower heights may bear less force. This uneven force distribution can burden the machine tool, reduce the lifespan of the inserts, and cause varying degrees of degradation in the surface quality of the workpiece. Therefore, some large-diameter cutting tools are usually equipped with adjustment mechanisms to adjust the axial height of the inserts. Moreover, to maximize the sharpness of the cutting edge, it is often desirable for the tool to simultaneously form a positive rake angle in both the axial and radial directions. However, due to the small space size of small-diameter cutting tools, it is difficult to arrange the adjustment mechanism and internal cooling hole at the same time while achieving positive axial and radial rake angles on small-diameter cutting tools. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to simultaneously arrange the adjustment mechanism and the internal cooling hole while achieving the axial and radial positive rake angles on a small-diameter cutting tool, this application provides a profiled milling insert and a small-diameter milling cutter.

[0004] The technical solution for the irregularly shaped milling insert and small-diameter milling cutter provided in this application is as follows:

[0005] Firstly, the irregular-shaped milling cutter provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A profiled milling insert includes a cutter body and a cutter tip;

[0007] The blade body includes a bottom positioning surface, two side adjustment surfaces, and two side clamping surfaces. The two side clamping surfaces are recessed so that the first longitudinal section of the blade body is an isosceles trapezoid.

[0008] The cutting head is formed on the side of the cutting body away from the bottom positioning surface. The cutting head includes a rake face, a main flank face, and a secondary flank face. A main cutting edge is formed between the rake face and the main flank face, and a secondary cutting edge is formed between the rake face and the secondary flank face. An obtuse angle is formed between the rake face and the side clamping surface, making the first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert X-shaped.

[0009] The included angle between the bottom positioning surface and the side clamping surface is 75°~88°, the included angle between the rake face and the main flank face and the secondary flank face is 70°~80°, the second longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert is a parallelogram, and the cutting edge inclination angle λs formed by the main cutting edge and the base surface and the secondary cutting edge inclination angle λs' formed by the secondary cutting edge and the base surface are both positive angles.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutter body and cutter head are set independently, and the rake face, main flank face, and secondary flank face are all set independently of the bottom positioning surface, maximizing the flexibility of the cutting edge design to adapt to the milling of different workpieces. By designing the first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert of this application to be X-shaped and the second longitudinal section to be a parallelogram, it is not only convenient for the positioning and installation of the cutter body, but also ensures that the rake angle and secondary rake angle are both positive angles. When the irregular milling insert of this application is installed, it can meet the requirement that both the axial rake angle and the radial rake angle are positive angles, making the cutting sharper and adaptable to the cutting of soft metals such as aluminum alloys, thus expanding its functionality. Since the second longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert is a parallelogram, the side adjustment surface is an inclined surface, which allows the side adjustment surface to be used in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism. This facilitates the arrangement of an adjustment mechanism on the tool that can adjust the axial height of the irregular milling insert. Furthermore, the side adjustment surface is separated from the flank face, ensuring that the side adjustment surface is not affected by the wear of the flank face, thus improving the adjustment stability.

[0011] Preferably, the front face, main flank face, and secondary flank face are arranged in two sets symmetrically, and an air-blocking surface is formed between the two main flank faces.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the independent design of the cutter body and the cutter head makes it easier to design the cutter head as a double-edged cutting edge, extending the service life of irregular milling inserts and making it more economical.

[0013] Preferably, the secondary flank face includes a first secondary flank face and a second secondary flank face. The first secondary flank face is an arc surface connecting the front flank face, the main flank face, and the clearance surface. The second secondary flank face is a plane connecting the first secondary flank face, the front flank face, and the clearance surface. The area of ​​the second secondary flank face is larger than the area of ​​the first secondary flank face.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, two secondary flank faces are designed, and the secondary cutting edge between the first secondary flank face and the rake face is designed as a rounded edge to adapt to different milling scenarios.

[0015] Preferably, the cutting head is made of a superhard material composite sheet, and the cutting body is made of cemented carbide; the front cutting face is the cross-section of the superhard material composite sheet, the clearance surface is the end face of the superhard material composite sheet, and the main flank cutting face is the near-end face portion of the superhard material composite sheet.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and combining the characteristics of the superhard material composite sheet, the cemented carbide layer and the superhard material layer are rationally utilized. The previous method of using the rake and flank faces of the superhard material composite sheet is changed. The cross-section of the superhard material composite sheet is used as the rake face of the insert, the end face of the superhard material composite sheet is used as the clearance surface of the insert, and the main flank face is the near-end face of the superhard material composite sheet. Compared with the traditional machining method of using the cross-section of the composite sheet as the flank face of the insert and the end face of the composite sheet as the rake face of the insert, the welding process can be directly eliminated, making the machining of the irregular milling insert of this application simpler. It also facilitates the independent design of the cutter body and the cutter head, ensuring that the rake face and flank face are independent of the bottom positioning surface design, thus improving design flexibility.

[0017] Preferably, the width-to-height ratio of the irregular milling cutter is between 0.85 and 1.15, and the width-to-length ratio is between 0.4 and 0.6.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, and by independently designing the cutter head and cutter body, and designing the first longitudinal section of the cutter body to be an isosceles trapezoid, it is convenient to install irregular milling inserts on small-diameter tools, while increasing the core thickness of the irregular milling inserts, thereby increasing the base rigidity of the irregular milling inserts and extending the service life of the inserts.

[0019] Preferably, the cutting head includes a chamfered cutting head with a chamfered edge, a chip breaker cutting head with a chip breaker groove, and a spiral cutting head with a spiral edge.

[0020] The chamfered edge has a chamfer angle of 10°~35° and a chamfer width of 0.1mm-0.3mm. The chip breaker has a cutting edge width of 0.03mm-0.1mm. The chip breaker has an angle of 15°~35° between the front end of the groove and the rake face, and an angle of 40°~60° between the back end of the groove and the rake face. The spiral edge has a helix angle of 3°~17°.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, due to the independent design of the cutter head and the cutter body, the cutter head can be designed in various models according to actual use to adapt to different milling scenarios, while not affecting the shape of the cutter body. This allows the installation of different models of irregularly shaped milling inserts on the small diameter milling cutter based on the installation and adjustment mechanism, meeting the spatial size requirements of the small diameter milling cutter and making the application range of the small diameter milling cutter wider.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a small-diameter end mill, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0023] A small-diameter end mill includes shaped end mill inserts, an end mill shank that mates with the shaped end mill inserts, a clamping and positioning mechanism, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the axial height of the shaped end mill inserts. One end of the end mill shank has an insert groove for inserting the cutter body, a clamping groove for the clamping and positioning mechanism, and an adjustment groove for the adjustment mechanism, all formed around its axis on its side wall. The insert groove includes a positioning bottom surface and a clamping side surface for contacting one of the clamping surfaces. The clamping and positioning mechanism is located on the opposite side of the clamping side surface and mates with one of the clamping surfaces. The adjustment mechanism is used to tightly abut against the side adjustment surface inside the cutter body and forms an angle with the axis of the end mill shank. An internal cooling hole is formed on the side wall of the end mill shank.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the clamping and positioning mechanism is arranged to cooperate with one side clamping surface of the shaped milling cutter to realize the installation and positioning of the shaped milling cutter, avoiding the need to open screw holes in the base body and maximizing the strength of the small cutter base body; the adjustment mechanism is arranged to cooperate with one side adjustment surface of the shaped milling cutter, which facilitates the adjustment of the axial height of the shaped milling cutter on the small diameter milling cutter. The axial runout of the cutting edge can be reduced to 0.005mm, which greatly improves the milling quality and extends the service life of the shaped milling cutter. The clamping and positioning mechanism and the adjustment mechanism are arranged in a compact structure to meet the spatial size requirements of the small diameter milling cutter, and make the small diameter milling cutter of this application more powerful. By designing the first longitudinal section of the shaped milling cutter as X-shaped and the second longitudinal section as parallelogram, when the shaped milling cutter is combined with the small diameter milling cutter shank, it can be ensured that the axial rake angle and radial rake angle of the small diameter milling cutter are both positive values, ensuring extremely high tool sharpness.

[0025] Preferably, the clamping and positioning mechanism includes a clamping wedge and a clamping screw for fixing the clamping wedge. The milling cutter shank has a clamping screw fixing groove communicating with the bottom of the clamping groove. The clamping wedge includes a clamping wedge surface for pressing against the side clamping surface, a positioning surface for clearance fitting with the bottom of the clamping groove, an arc-shaped limiting surface for engaging with the wall of the clamping groove, and a fixing surface for engaging with the clamping screw. The fixing surface is an inclined surface that gradually rises from the clamping wedge surface to the arc-shaped limiting surface. The clamping screw forms an angle of 80° to 88° with the axis of the milling cutter shank; or

[0026] The clamping and positioning mechanism includes a fastening screw, and the cutter body and the cutter shank of the irregular milling cutter are provided with fastening screw mating holes at an angle.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the irregular milling insert is positioned and installed by using a clamping wedge that matches the shape of the irregular milling insert, avoiding the need to open screw holes on the cutter body and maximizing the strength of the small insert body; in another alternative solution, the clamping and positioning mechanism can also directly use fastening screws to fix the irregular milling insert to the small diameter milling cutter shank, in which case the insert size should be appropriately increased to avoid affecting the insert strength.

[0028] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment screw, the axis of which forms an angle of 85° to 95° with the axis of the milling cutter shank, and the milling cutter shank is also provided with an adjustment screw fixing groove that cooperates with the adjustment screw, and the principal cutting edge angle KAPR of the small diameter milling cutter is 90°.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the adjustment mechanism uses an adjusting screw, and the adjusting screw forms an angle of 85°~95° with the milling cutter shank. In this way, by turning the adjusting screw, the clamping force between the adjusting screw and the side adjustment surface is used to drive the irregular milling cutter to move axially, thereby adjusting the axial height of the irregular milling cutter. This reduces the axial runout of the cutting edge to 0.005mm, and after installation, the principal cutting edge angle of the small diameter milling cutter can reach 90°, which can meet the requirements of square shoulder milling. This makes it more widely applicable and more economical. In addition, the adjusting screw is small in size, the adjustment method is simple, and it is easy to arrange on small diameter milling cutters.

[0030] Preferably, the milling cutter shank is integral, or the milling cutter shank includes a cutter bar and a connecting part that inserts into the cutter bar, and the irregular milling insert is used to be mounted on the connecting part.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the milling cutter holder can be a one-piece type or a quick-change type, which makes it easy to change the model of the irregular milling cutter insert according to actual use.

[0032] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. This application designs the cutting head and body of the irregular milling insert independently, and designs the first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert as X-shaped, with both the front and rear cutting faces designed independently of the bottom positioning surface, thereby maximizing the flexibility of the cutting edge design to adapt to the milling of different workpieces;

[0034] 2. Design X-shaped irregular milling inserts so that the cutting edge inclination angle of the irregular milling inserts is positive. When the irregular milling inserts are installed on small diameter milling cutter shanks, the small diameter milling cutter can achieve a double positive rake angle design in both the axial and radial directions, ensuring extremely high tool sharpness.

[0035] 3. The X-type profiled milling insert, combined with a compactly arranged clamping and positioning mechanism and adjustment mechanism, facilitates the installation of the adjustment mechanism while opening internal cooling holes on small-diameter tools. The adjustment mechanism can adjust the axial runout of the profiled milling insert cutting edge to 0.005mm, so that the milling cutter head γ angle can reach 90° after installation, which meets the requirements of square shoulder milling and is more economical. The clamping and positioning mechanism uses clamping wedges for clamping, avoiding the need to open holes in the tool body and ensuring the rigidity of the profiled milling insert base. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a non-circular milling cutter in the first longitudinal section of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a non-circular milling cutter in the second longitudinal section of this application.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram when the blade head is designed with a chamfered edge.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the cutting head is designed as a chip breaker groove cutting head.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the cutting head is designed as a spiral cutting head.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a non-circular milling cutter when it is fixed with a fastening screw.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a small-diameter end mill according to this application.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a partially exploded view of a small-diameter end mill according to this application.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 01. Irregularly shaped milling insert; 1. Tool body; 11. Bottom positioning surface; 12. Side adjustment surface; 13. Side clamping surface; 14. Chamfered surface; 15. Fastening screw mating hole; 2. Tool tip; 21. Rake face; 22. Main flank face; 23. Secondary flank face; 231. First secondary flank face; 232. Secondary flank face; 24. Main cutting edge; 25. Secondary cutting edge; 26. Clearance surface; 201. Chamfered tool tip; 202. Chip breaker tool tip; 203. Helical tool tip; 3. Milling cutter shank; 31. Blade groove; 311. Positioning bottom surface; 312. Clamping side surface; 32. Clamping groove; 33. Adjusting groove; 34. Internal cooling hole; 35. Clamping screw fixing groove; 36. Adjusting screw fixing groove; 37. Clearance groove; 38. Chip removal groove; 301. Tool holder; 302. Connecting part; 4. Clamping and positioning mechanism; 41. Clamping wedge block; 411. Clamping wedge surface; 412. Positioning surface; 413. Arc-shaped limiting surface; 414. Fixing surface; 42. Clamping screw; 5. Adjusting mechanism; 51. Adjusting screw. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0046] This application discloses an irregularly shaped milling insert. (Refer to...) Figures 1-6 The irregular milling insert includes an independently designed cutter body 1 and a cutter head 2 formed at one end of the cutter body 1.

[0047] The cutter body 1 includes a bottom positioning surface 11, two opposing side adjustment surfaces 12, and two opposing side clamping surfaces 13. The two side clamping surfaces 13 are recessed, making the first longitudinal section of the cutter body 1 an isosceles trapezoid. The cutter head 2 is formed at the end of the cutter body 1 away from the bottom positioning surface 11, and includes a rake face 21, a main flank face 22 located on the long side of the rake face 21, and a secondary flank face 23 located on the short side of the rake face 21. The secondary flank face 23 connects the rake face 21 and the main flank face 22. A main cutting edge 24 is formed between the rake face 21 and the main flank face 22, and a secondary cutting edge 25 is formed between the rake face 21 and the secondary flank face 23. The intersection of the main cutting edge 24 and the secondary cutting edge 25 forms the cutter tip. The obtuse angle of 145°~155° between the rake face 21 and the side clamping surface 13 makes the first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert 01 X-shaped. The rake and screw faces are designed independently of the bottom positioning surface 11 so as to independently design the shape of the cutter head 2 without affecting the installation and fixation of the cutter body 1 on small diameter tools, thereby maximizing the flexibility of the cutting edge design to adapt to the milling of different workpieces.

[0048] Specifically, the cutter head 2 can be designed as a chamfered cutter head 201 with a chamfered cutting edge, a chip breaker cutter head 202 with a chip breaker groove cutting edge, or a helical cutter head 203 with a helical cutting edge, depending on actual needs. This allows the small-diameter end mill to accommodate the installation of different types of irregularly shaped end mill inserts 01 on the mounting adjustment mechanism 5, meeting the spatial size requirements of the small-diameter end mill and broadening its applicability. In this application, for the chamfered cutting edge, the chamfer angle is 10°~35°, and the chamfer width is 0.1mm-0.3mm. For the chip breaker groove cutting edge, the cutting edge width is 0.03mm-0.1mm, the angle between the front end of the chip breaker groove and the rake face 21 is 15°~35°, and the angle between the rear end of the chip breaker groove and the rake face 21 is 40°~60°. For the helical cutting edge, the helix angle is 3°~17°.

[0049] The independent design of the cutter head 2 and the cutter body 1 separates the side adjustment surface 12 from the main flank face 22 and the secondary flank face 23, ensuring that the side adjustment surface 12 is not affected by the wear of the main flank face 22 or the secondary flank face 23, thus improving adjustment stability. In this application, the included angle between the bottom positioning surface 11 and the side clamping surface 13 is designed to be 75°~88°, and the included angle between the rake face 21 and the main flank face 22 and the secondary flank face 23 is designed to be 70°~80°. The included angle between the side adjustment surface 12 and the rake face 21 is also 70°~80°. This makes the second longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert 01 a parallelogram, so the side adjustment surface 12 is an inclined surface, allowing the side adjustment surface 12 to be used in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism 5. This facilitates the arrangement of the adjustment mechanism 5 on the cutter to adjust the axial height of the irregular milling insert 01. Furthermore, the separation of the side adjustment surface 12 from the flank face ensures that the side adjustment surface 12 is not affected by the wear of the flank face, thus improving adjustment stability.

[0050] Due to the independent design of the cutter head 2 and the cutter body 1, and the X-shaped design of the profiled end mill 01, the core thickness of the profiled end mill 01 can be increased while facilitating the installation of the cutter body 1 on small-diameter tools. This increases the base rigidity of the profiled end mill 01 and extends its service life. Specifically, the width-to-height ratio of the profiled end mill 01 in this application is between 0.85 and 1.15, and the width-to-length ratio is between 0.4 and 0.6.

[0051] Furthermore, the secondary flank face 23 includes a first secondary flank face 231 and a second secondary flank face 232. The first secondary flank face 231 is an arc surface connecting the rake face 21, the main flank face 22, and the clearance surface 26. The second secondary flank face 232 is a plane connecting the first secondary flank face 231, the rake face 21, and the clearance surface 26. The area of ​​the second secondary flank face 232 is larger than the area of ​​the first secondary flank face 231. By designing two secondary flank faces 23 and designing the secondary cutting edge 25 between the first secondary flank face 231 and the rake face 21 as a rounded edge, it can adapt to different milling scenarios.

[0052] For machining non-ferrous metals and their alloys, as well as carbon fiber materials, superhard material cutting tools, due to their high hardness, high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of friction, and low material affinity, are less prone to chip adhesion to the tool tip and the formation of built-up edge during machining. These unique performance advantages of superhard materials have established the extremely high status of superhard material cutting tools in the machining of these materials. Therefore, the tool head 2 of this invention is made by cutting a superhard material composite sheet, and the tool body 1 is made of cemented carbide. The independently designed tool head 2 ensures that the rake angle λs formed by the main cutting edge 24 and the base surface, and the secondary rake angle λs' formed by the secondary cutting edge 25 and the base surface are both positive angles. When the irregular milling insert of this application is installed, it meets the requirement that both the axial rake angle and the radial rake angle are positive angles, making the cutting sharper and adaptable to the cutting of soft metals such as aluminum alloys, thus broadening its functionality.

[0053] Meanwhile, this invention, taking into account the characteristics of the superhard material composite sheet itself, rationally utilizes the cemented carbide layer and the superhard material layer, changing the previous usage of the front and rear cutting faces of the composite sheet. Specifically, the cross-section of the superhard material composite sheet is used as the front cutting face 21, and the end face of the superhard material composite sheet is used as the clearance surface 26. The main flank cutting face 22 is the near-end face portion of the superhard material composite sheet. Therefore, the processing method of the irregularly shaped milling insert 01 of this invention can be divided into three main parts: composite sheet insert cutting, insert body forming, and finished insert grinding. Compared with traditional processing methods, this reduces the welding process and makes processing more convenient. Furthermore, it facilitates the independent design of the insert body 1 and the insert head 2, ensuring that both the front cutting face 21 and the flank cutting face are designed independently of the bottom positioning surface 11, improving design flexibility.

[0054] Furthermore, this invention employs a double-edged cutting edge design, with two sets of rake faces 21, primary flank faces 22, and secondary flank faces 23 symmetrically arranged, forming a clearance surface 26 between the two primary flank faces 22. When one set of cutting edges wears, the irregularly shaped milling insert 01 of this invention can be reversed, and milling can be performed using the other set of cutting edges, which is more economical. The clearance surface 26 can effectively prevent the irregularly shaped milling insert 01 from contacting the workpiece surface, reducing insert wear and damage.

[0055] The implementation principle of the irregular milling insert in this application embodiment is as follows: By designing the cutter head 2 and the cutter body 1 independently, the front and rear cutting faces are designed independently of the bottom positioning surface 11. Without changing the shape of the cutter body 1 and the core thickness, the model of the cutter head 2 can be changed according to the usage scenario to maximize the flexibility of the cutting edge design and adapt to the milling of different workpieces. The first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert 01 is designed to be X-shaped, and the second longitudinal section is a parallelogram, so that the rake angle of the irregular milling insert 01 is positive. When the irregular milling insert 01 is installed on the small-diameter milling cutter shank 3, the small-diameter milling cutter can achieve a double positive rake angle design in both the axial and radial directions, ensuring extremely high tool sharpness. At the same time, it facilitates the installation and positioning of the irregular milling cutter head 2 on the small-diameter tool and makes it easy to arrange the adjustment mechanism 5 on the small-diameter tool.

[0056] This application also discloses a small-diameter end mill. (See also...) Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The small-diameter end mill includes a profiled end mill insert 01, an end mill shank 3 that mates with the profiled end mill insert 01, a clamping and positioning mechanism 4, and an adjustment mechanism 5 for adjusting the axial height of multiple profiled end mill inserts 01. The end mill shank 3 has an insert groove 31 for the cutter body 1 of the profiled end mill insert 01 to be inserted, a clamping groove 32 for the clamping and positioning mechanism 4 to be inserted, and an adjustment groove 33 for the adjustment mechanism 5 to be inserted, all formed around its axis on one side wall. The insert groove 31 includes a positioning bottom surface 311 and a clamping side surface 312 for abutting against one of the side clamping surfaces 13. The clamping and positioning mechanism 4 is located on the opposite side of the clamping side surface 312 and is used to mate with one of the side clamping surfaces 13. The adjustment mechanism 5 is used to tightly abut against the side adjustment surface 12 inside the cutter body 1 and forms an angle with the axis of the end mill shank 3. An internal cooling hole 34 is formed on the side wall of the end mill shank 3.

[0057] Specifically, the clamping and positioning mechanism 4 includes a clamping wedge 41 and a clamping screw 42 for fixing the clamping wedge 41. The milling cutter shank 3 has a clamping screw fixing groove 35 communicating with the bottom of the clamping groove 32. The clamping wedge 41 includes a clamping wedge surface 411 for pressing against the side clamping surface 13, a positioning surface 412 that engages with the bottom of the clamping groove 32, an arc-shaped limiting surface 413 that engages with the groove wall of the clamping groove 32, and a fixing surface 414 that engages with the clamping screw 42. The fixing surface 414 is an inclined surface that gradually rises from the clamping wedge surface 411 to the arc-shaped limiting surface 413. The clamping screw 42 is perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter shank 3. By using the clamping wedge 41, which matches the shape of the irregularly shaped milling insert 01, the irregularly shaped milling insert 01 is positioned and installed, avoiding the need for screw holes in the cutter body 1, thus maximizing the strength of the small insert cutter body 1.

[0058] In another alternative, the clamping and positioning mechanism 4 can also be a fastening screw. The cutter body 1 and the cutter shank 3 of the irregular milling insert 01 are provided with fastening screw mating holes 15 at an angle. In order not to affect the strength of the insert, the size of the insert should be appropriately increased.

[0059] The adjustment mechanism 5 includes an adjustment screw 51, the axis of which forms an angle of 85° to 95° with the axis of the cutter shank 3. The cutter shank 3 also has an adjustment screw fixing groove 36 that mates with the adjustment screw 51. By adjusting the tightness of the adjustment screw 51, the clamping force between the adjustment screw 51 and the side adjustment surface 12 drives the profiled end mill 01 to move axially, thereby adjusting the axial height of the profiled end mill 01. This reduces the axial runout of the cutting edge to 0.005mm, resulting in a principal cutting edge angle KAPR of 90° formed by the projection of the main cutting edge 24 onto the base surface and the projection of the feed direction of the small-diameter end mill. This satisfies the requirements for square shoulder milling, making it more widely applicable and more economical. Furthermore, the adjustment screw 51 is small in size, simple to adjust, and easy to place on small-diameter end mills.

[0060] The milling cutter shank 3 is also provided with a chip removal groove 38, which is corresponding to the rake face 21 on the side away from the clamping and positioning mechanism 4. The chip removal groove 38 extends along the axial direction of the milling cutter shank 3 and is designed as an arc shape opposite to the milling direction of the irregular milling insert 01.

[0061] To prevent interference between the irregularly shaped milling insert 01 and the insert groove 31, a clearance groove 37 communicating with the bottom of the insert groove 31 is provided on the milling cutter shank 3. The clearance groove 37 is located on one side of the insert groove 31, and the width of the clearance groove 37 is 1 / 3 of the width of the insert groove 31. At the same time, a chamfered surface 14 is provided at the junction of the bottom positioning surface 11 and the side clamping surface 13 to further reduce interference.

[0062] Furthermore, the milling cutter holder 3 of this application can be either an integral type or a quick-change type. That is, the milling cutter holder 3 includes a cutter bar 301 and a connecting part 302 that is inserted and engaged with the cutter bar 301. The irregular milling insert 01 is used to be installed on the connecting part 302, so that the model of the irregular milling insert 01 can be changed according to actual use.

[0063] The implementation principle of a small-diameter end mill in this application embodiment is as follows: During installation, an adjusting screw 51 is pre-installed in the adjusting screw fixing groove 36 on the end mill shank 3. Then, the irregular end mill insert 01 is tilted and slid into the insert groove 31, so that the bottom positioning surface 11 is in contact with the positioning bottom surface 311 of the insert groove 31, the side clamping surface 13 is in contact with the clamping side surface 312 of the insert groove 31, and the side adjusting surface 12 is in close contact with the adjusting screw 51. Then, the clamping wedge 41 is inserted into the clamping groove 32, and the clamping wedge surface 411 is in contact with the other side clamping surface 13 of the irregular end mill insert 01. Then, the clamping screw 42 is screwed into the clamping wedge 41. Under the reaction force of the two sets of surfaces, the clamping wedge surface 411 cooperates with the side clamping surface 13 to clamp and position the irregular end mill insert 01, avoiding the need to open a hole in the cutter body 1 and ensuring the base rigidity of the irregular end mill insert 01.

[0064] The X-shaped milling insert 01, combined with the compactly arranged clamping and positioning mechanism 4 and adjusting mechanism 5, facilitates the simultaneous arrangement of the adjusting mechanism 5 while opening the internal cooling hole 34 on the small-diameter tool. By turning the adjusting screw 51, the axial movement of the milling insert 01 can be driven. The axial runout of the cutting edge of the milling insert 01 is reduced to 0.005mm, so that the principal cutting edge angle of the milling cutter can reach 90° after installation, which meets the requirements of square shoulder milling and is more economical.

[0065] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A profiled milling cutter, characterized in that: It includes a blade body (1) and a blade tip (2); The blade body (1) includes a bottom positioning surface (11), two side adjustment surfaces (12) and two side pressing surfaces (13). The two side pressing surfaces (13) are recessed so that the first longitudinal section of the blade body (1) is an isosceles trapezoid. The cutting head (2) is formed on the side of the cutting body (1) away from the bottom positioning surface (11). The cutting head (2) includes a rake face (21), a main flank face (22) and a secondary flank face (23). A main cutting edge (24) is formed between the rake face (21) and the main flank face (22). A secondary cutting edge (25) is formed between the rake face (21) and the secondary flank face (23). An obtuse angle is formed between the rake face (21) and the side clamping surface (13) so that the first longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert (01) is X-shaped. The included angle between the bottom positioning surface (11) and the side clamping surface (13) is 75°~88°, the included angle between the rake face (21) and the main flank face (22) and the secondary flank face (23) is 70°~80°, the second longitudinal section of the irregular milling insert (01) is a parallelogram, and the cutting edge inclination angle λs formed by the main cutting edge (24) and the base surface and the secondary cutting edge inclination angle λs' formed by the secondary cutting edge and the base surface are both positive angles.

2. The irregular milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front face (21), main flank face (22), and secondary flank face (23) are arranged in two sets symmetrically, and a clearance surface (26) is formed between the two main flank faces (22).

3. The irregular milling cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary flank face (23) includes a first secondary flank face (231) and a second secondary flank face (232). The first secondary flank face (231) is an arc surface connecting the front flank face (21), the main flank face (22), and the clearance surface (26). The second secondary flank face (232) is a plane connecting the first secondary flank face (231), the front flank face (21), and the clearance surface (26). The area of ​​the second secondary flank face (232) is larger than the area of ​​the first secondary flank face (231).

4. The irregular milling cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting head (2) is made of superhard material composite sheet, and the cutting body (1) is made of cemented carbide material; the front cutting face (21) is the cross-section of the superhard material composite sheet, the clearance surface (26) is the end face of the superhard material composite sheet, and the main back cutting face (22) is the near end face of the superhard material composite sheet.

5. The irregular milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width-to-height ratio of the irregular milling cutter (01) is between 0.85 and 1.15, and the width-to-length ratio is between 0.4 and 0.

6.

6. The irregular milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting head (2) includes a chamfered cutting head (201) with a chamfered cutting edge, a chip breaker cutting head (202) with a chip breaker groove cutting edge, and a spiral cutting head (203) with a spiral cutting edge. The chamfered edge has a chamfer angle of 10°~35° and a chamfer width of 0.1mm-0.3mm. The chip breaker groove has a cutting edge width of 0.03mm-0.1mm. The chip breaker groove has an angle of 15°~35° between the front end of the groove and the rake face (21) and an angle of 40°~60° between the back end of the groove and the rake face (21). The spiral edge has a helix angle of 3°~17°.

7. A small-diameter end mill, characterized in that: The device includes the profiled milling insert (01) as described in any one of claims 1-6, and further includes a milling cutter shank (3) that cooperates with the profiled milling insert (01), a clamping and positioning mechanism (4), and an adjustment mechanism (5) for adjusting the axial height of the plurality of profiled milling inserts (01). The milling cutter shank (3) has a insert groove (31) for inserting the cutter body (1) of the profiled milling insert (01), a clamping groove (32) for inserting the clamping and positioning mechanism (4), and an adjustment groove (5) for inserting the adjustment mechanism (5) on one side wall around its axis. The groove (33) and the blade groove (31) include a positioning bottom surface (311) and a pressing side surface (312) for fitting with one of the side pressing surfaces (13). The pressing positioning mechanism (4) is located on the opposite side of the pressing side surface (312) and is used to cooperate with one of the side pressing surfaces (13). The adjusting mechanism (5) is used to closely abut against the side adjusting surface (12) inside the cutter body (1) and form an angle with the axis of the milling cutter shank (3). An internal cooling hole (34) is provided on the side wall of the milling cutter shank (3).

8. The small-diameter end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping and positioning mechanism (4) includes a clamping wedge (41) and a clamping screw (42) for fixing the clamping wedge (41). The milling cutter shank (3) has a clamping screw fixing groove (35) that communicates with the bottom of the clamping groove (32). The clamping wedge (41) includes a clamping wedge surface (411) for pressing against the side clamping surface (13), a positioning surface (412) for clearance matching with the bottom of the clamping groove (32), an arc-shaped limiting surface (413) for engaging with the groove wall of the clamping groove (32), and a fixing surface (414) for engaging with the clamping screw (42). The fixing surface (414) is an inclined surface that gradually rises from the clamping wedge surface (411) to the arc-shaped limiting surface (413). The clamping screw (42) forms an angle of 80° to 88° with the axis of the milling cutter shank (3); or The clamping and positioning mechanism (4) includes a fastening screw, and the cutter body (1) and the cutter shank (3) of the irregular milling cutter (01) are provided with fastening screw mating holes (15) at an angle.

9. The small-diameter end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (5) includes an adjustment screw (51), the axis of the adjustment screw (51) is at an angle of 85° to 95° with the axis of the milling cutter shank (3), and the milling cutter shank (3) is also provided with an adjustment screw fixing groove (36) that cooperates with the adjustment screw (51). The principal cutting edge angle KAPR of the small diameter milling cutter is 90°.

10. The small-diameter end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The milling cutter holder (3) is an integral type, or the milling cutter holder (3) includes a cutter bar (301) and a connecting part (302) that is inserted and engaged with the cutter bar (301), and the irregular milling insert (01) is used to be mounted on the connecting part (302).

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