Improved attitude adjusting device for secondary launching of a shield machine

Abstract

The application provides an improved attitude adjusting device for secondary launching of a shield machine, which is used in the engineering of the shield machine passing through an intermediate space underground, the length of the intermediate space is less than the length of the shield machine, a sleeve part is arranged at the exit of the intermediate space for receiving the shield machine, a support part composed of a plurality of supporting units with independent attitudes is arranged in the intermediate space between the sleeve part and the second tunnel to be excavated along a first direction, wherein in the process of the shield machine passing through the first tunnel and moving to the second tunnel to be excavated along the first direction, the plurality of supporting units of the support part respectively adjust the supporting attitude based on the stage in the process of the shield machine advancing, so that the shield machine adapts to the position and attitude required by the preset central position of the secondary launching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) technology, and further to the field of secondary launching technology for TBMs passing through stations, and particularly to an improved attitude adjustment device for secondary launching of TBMs. Background Technology

[0002] When a tunnel boring machine (TBM) passes through an intermediate node such as a transverse passage, the length of the transverse passage may be shorter than the length of the TBM. This situation means that part of the tail section of the TBM is located within the preceding stratum, while the front section of the TBM, including the cutterhead, needs to enter the rear working section to be tunneled. In this case, "entering the rear working section" constitutes a working state where the TBM has not yet left the preceding stratum but requires a second launch.

[0003] To address this parallel operation of launch and secondary launch, this invention proposes an improved attitude adjustment device for secondary launch of a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Another objective of this invention is to manage the risks arising from the parallel operation of launch and reception in real time, especially when the transverse passage is narrow and risks are not permitted, ensuring that TBM construction remains in a safe operating state at all times.

[0004] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve secondary launch of tunnel boring machines (TBMs), existing technologies attempt to readjust the TBM's construction position through overall support. For example, patent document CN109899074A discloses a method for secondary launch of a sliding steel sleeve TBM, including the following steps: hydraulic jacks are installed on both sides of the steel sleeve base to lift the TBM along with the steel sleeve base; steel plates are laid at the bottom of the steel sleeve base; and horizontal rails are laid parallel to the steel plates. The steel sleeve base and TBM are placed on the horizontal rails using hydraulic jacks. A horizontal jacking cylinder is installed on the side of the steel sleeve base against the wall at both ends of the horizontal rails to simultaneously push the steel sleeve base and TBM laterally towards the center of the station. This technical solution mainly uses a steel sleeve structure to lift the TBM as a whole and move it to the designated position. However, this technical solution has two main drawbacks. First, it requires supporting all sections of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) before it can be moved. After the TBM is moved, the entire TBM section needs to be repositioned, significantly increasing the difficulty of adjusting the TBM's position. Second, the hydraulic jacks used in this solution only provide overall support for the TBM and cannot adjust the support status according to the positional deviation during the TBM's movement. This leads to deviations in the secondary launch position of the moved TBM, making it impossible to successfully carry out the secondary tunneling process and significantly reducing overall construction efficiency.

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an improved attitude adjustment device for secondary launch of a tunnel boring machine (TBM). This device is used in projects where the TBM passes through an underground intermediate space, the length of which is less than the length of the TBM. The device is characterized by a sleeve section at the exit of the TBM as it exits the first tunnel and enters the intermediate space to receive the exiting TBM. A support section, composed of several independently adjustable support units, is installed along a first direction within the intermediate space between the sleeve section and the second tunnel to be excavated in the opposite direction. During the process of the TBM exiting the first tunnel and moving along the first direction to the second tunnel to be excavated, the support units of the support section adjust their support attitudes according to the stage of the TBM's movement, so that the TBM adapts to the position and attitude required for the preset center position of the secondary launch.

[0007] Unlike existing technologies, the support unit of this invention can adjust the support posture at different positions during the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) movement. Based on the aforementioned distinguishing technical features, the problem this invention aims to solve can include: how to accurately determine the secondary starting position of the TBM by adjusting the support parameters during its movement, while preventing the TBM from moving simultaneously in different soil bodies and affecting its posture adjustment. Specifically, this solution addresses the TBM's transit through underground stations where the length of the intermediate space is less than the length of the TBM. This results in the tail of the TBM remaining in the soil of the previous tunnel for most of the transit process. Even when the TBM begins excavating the opposite tunnel, a portion of its tail remains in the previous soil. Therefore, during the TBM's movement, especially during the excavation of the opposite tunnel, its posture adjustment is limited by the soil where its tail is located, and may also have a reaction effect on this soil, causing certain impacts on the existing structures. Conventional solutions typically address long-distance tunnel crossings, where the intermediate space is longer than or even far exceeds the length of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Therefore, these projects do not face the issue of the tail end being affected during the excavation of the opposite tunnel. As with existing technologies, this approach simply requires lifting the entire TBM to achieve overall relocation. However, this solution designs a support structure composed of multiple independently adjustable support units to support the TBM during the tunnel crossing process. The aim is to precisely counteract the impact of the soil from the preceding tunnel section on the TBM's tail end, allowing it to excavate the opposite tunnel in a relatively optimal posture, thus overcoming the limitations imposed by the soil at the tail end.

[0008] Preferably, the sleeve portion consists of a collar surrounding the outer sidewall of the shield machine exiting the first tunnel and a bottom support for the collar. The collar defines the orientation of the shield machine but does not enclose the sidewall of the shield machine. Unlike the prior art, the present invention provides a sleeve portion structure at the connection between the intermediate space and the inner wall of the first tunnel or the upper tunnel. Based on the above distinguishing technical features, the problem to be solved by the present invention may include: how to ensure the stability of the shield machine when moving across sections. Specifically, due to the structural discontinuity between the first tunnel or the upper tunnel and the intermediate space, for example, the longitudinal section of the intermediate space is lower than the longitudinal section of the first tunnel or the upper tunnel, there is a discontinuity in the soil between the two sections. Therefore, when the tunnel boring machine (TBM) approaches the first tunnel or the connection point between the upper tunnel and the intermediate space, uneven changes in soil bearing capacity occur, leading to instability of the TBM in this section. Specifically, this design found that when the TBM emerges from the upper tunnel, it does not travel in a completely straight line but exhibits some swaying. This is due to soil conditions, construction errors, and other factors. Therefore, in this design, the sleeve does not directly wrap around the TBM's sidewalls but maintains a gap to facilitate smooth TBM movement. This sleeve serves two purposes: firstly, it strengthens the stability of the upper tunnel exit section supporting the TBM's movement; secondly, it limits the TBM's direction of travel to prevent positional deviations when the upper tunnel support is lost, thus ensuring timely adjustments.

[0009] Preferably, with sufficient space on the ground in the intermediate space, the support length of the bottom support can be adjusted based on the weight of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the soil parameters of the first opening. Preferably, the first opening is an opening on the upper tunnel section adjacent to the intermediate space. This solution reveals that the sleeve not only limits the orientation of the TBM, but its stability is also related to the soil stability of the first opening. In particular, the correlation between the support length and the weight of the TBM and the soil parameters of the first opening has a significant impact on the stability of the first opening section. A longer support length is more suitable for heavier TBMs and looser soil in the first opening.

[0010] Preferably, the support portion has an arc-shaped support surface configured to adapt to the curved shape of the tunnel boring machine's periphery, so that the force-applying structure of the support portion forms a support relationship with the tunnel boring machine by guiding force to contact the periphery of the tunnel boring machine. The arc-shaped support surface can be a single integral piece extending along the first direction, or it can be an arc-shaped support surface composed of several independent support pieces assembled along the first direction.

[0011] Existing technologies have already developed technical solutions for supporting tunnel boring machines (TBMs) by setting fixed supports. For example, patent document CN213446035U discloses a vertical lifting device for TBMs during horizontal movement across stations. This device includes a base plate with multiple embedded irons fixedly installed internally. Multiple steel pipe supports are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate opposite to the embedded irons. Two slide rails are fixedly installed on the upper ends of the steel pipe supports, and a TBM bracket is fixedly installed on the upper ends of the two slide rails. Connecting steel plates are installed between the TBM bracket and the slide rail connection surfaces. The TBM is positioned at the center of the upper end of the TBM bracket. Multiple I-beam fixing frames are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the TBM on the upper end of the TBM bracket. The upper ends of the I-beam fixing frames are fixedly connected to the side walls of the TBM. This technical solution achieves the overall vertical lifting of the TBM by placing it on an integrated support structure. However, the hydraulic jacks in this technical solution are only used to lift the tunnel boring machine (TBM) during loading. The final TBM support structure is a shield bracket, where the force applied by the shield bracket is essentially perpendicular to the central axis of the TBM; that is, the shield bracket directly contacts the circumferential surface of the TBM. Unlike existing technologies, the force-applying structure of the support component in this invention forms a supporting relationship with the TBM by indirectly contacting its circumferential surface. Based on these distinguishing technical features, the problem this invention aims to solve can include: how to improve the stability of the TBM in its supporting state during travel. Specifically, compared to existing technologies that directly contact the shield machine's sidewalls with hydraulic rods and other force-applying structures, this solution proposes a type of non-force-applying structure direct contact using an arc-shaped support surface. The purpose is to address the situation where, during the shield machine's passage through the station, its tail end remains in the preceding tunnel section. Directly applying force to the shield machine using a force-applying structure would easily cause excessive swaying and vibration at the tail end, which is unacceptable for the already constructed tunnel segments and could easily damage them, leading to increased construction time and workload. The non-force-applying structure direct contact structure used in this solution significantly mitigates the impact on the tail end when adjusting the shield machine's attitude.

[0012] Preferably, the supporting unit comprising the support section includes multiple force-applying structures. Each force-applying structure of the supporting unit acts on the arc-shaped supporting surface of that supporting unit, and the force-applying structure of each supporting unit can be individually adjusted in its force-applying manner, so that the tunnel boring machine supported by the arc-shaped supporting surface can be individually adjusted in its supported position. In addition to the arc-shaped supporting surface being composed of supporting components dedicated to each supporting unit, an integral arc-shaped supporting surface driven by the cooperative efforts of the supporting units can also be used.

[0013] Preferably, the system further includes a processing unit. The processing unit acquires structural data and processes the acquired structural data into adjustment boundary conditions. The processing unit determines the current position of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and, based on the position, determines the stage the TBM is in. Based on the determined stage, the processing unit acquires specific data related to that stage. Based on the adjustment rules corresponding to the determined stage, the specific data related to the stage, and the adjustment boundary conditions, the processing unit generates instructions to control the movement of each support unit of the support section and sends the instructions to the support section. Upon receiving the instructions, the support section adjusts the movement of each support unit according to the instructions so that the TBM can pass through each stage in a manner that meets expectations. Unlike existing technologies, this invention can determine the current state of the TBM during its journey based on the structural data acquired by the processing unit and can adjust the parameters of the support units at different positions according to preset boundary conditions. Based on these distinguishing technical features, the problem to be solved by this invention can include: how to promptly adjust the state changes of the TBM during its passage through intermediate spaces to ensure that it conforms to the preset secondary launch posture of the TBM. Specifically, this solution addresses the situation where the tail end of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) remains in the preceding tunnel during tunnel crossing. It features several specially designed support units capable of individually controlling the TBM's attitude. During the various stages of the TBM's passage through the tunnel, based on specific data collected by the processing unit for each stage (such as the offset value Dt between the cutterhead and the collar center, and the gap Dg between the shield tail and the tunnel segments), the TBM's attitude can be adjusted to the most suitable posture for tunnel excavation while minimizing the impact of the shield tail on the preceding tunnel soil. This significantly improves project quality and saves project time.

[0014] Preferably, during the drilling stage from when the tunnel boring machine (TBM) emerges from the first tunnel to when it is supported by the first support unit, the position of the cutterhead centerline and the deviation value Dt between the cutterhead center and the collar center are collected. Before the first support unit contacts the TBM, the lifting and lowering of the first support unit is adjusted based on the position of the cutterhead centerline so that the arc center of the first support unit is aligned with the cutterhead centerline. After the first support unit contacts the TBM, the lifting and lowering of the first support unit is adjusted based on the deviation value Dt so that Dt gradually decreases to zero as the TBM moves along the first direction.

[0015] Preferably, in the initial phase of the tunnel boring machine's movement from the first support unit to the second support unit, the tunnel boring machine makes test adjustments to the lifting and lowering of the first and second support units to test the bearing capacity of the lower half of the first tunnel soil layer. Based on the test results, the attitude control methods of the third and fourth support units in the subsequent tunnel boring machine movement phase are determined.

[0016] Preferably, when the tunnel boring machine is in the front moving section, the processing unit controls the first support unit and the second support unit to lift and lower to perform the first type of test and obtain the bearing capacity result of the lower half of the first tunnel soil layer. If the bearing capacity meets the expectations, the processing unit controls the first, second and third support units to guide the tunnel boring machine to perform a horizontal movement when the tunnel boring machine enters the rear moving section.

[0017] Preferably, if the bearing capacity does not meet expectations, the processing unit controls the first and second support units to rise and fall to perform a second type of test, obtains the gap value Dg between the shield tail and the segment, and determines whether Dg meets the preset range. If it does, the processing unit controls the first, second, and third support units to guide the shield machine to make a head-up movement when the shield machine enters the moving rear section. If it does not meet the requirements, the processing unit issues a prompt to the outside world to reinforce the first tunnel soil layer or reinforce the sleeve section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine passing through the station, which is the subject of this invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support portion of the present invention viewed along the first direction;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the support portion of the present invention viewed along the second direction;

[0021] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the force-applying structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve portion of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the device viewed from a third direction;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of each stage of the tunnel boring machine passing through the station according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shield tail observed along the first direction according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0027] In the diagram: 001, First Tunnel; 002, Second Tunnel; 100, Support Section; 110, Arc-shaped Support Surface; 120, Support Unit; 121, Force-Applying Structure; 122, First Support Unit; 123, Second Support Unit; 124, Third Support Unit; 125, Fourth Support Unit; 130, Actuating Part; 131, Pin; 132, Ear Seat; 140, Actuating Part; 200, Sleeve Section; 210, Collar; 220, Bottom Support; 221, Support Unit; 300, Tunnel Boring Machine; 310, Outer Diameter of Shield Tail; 320, Inner Diameter of Shield Tail; 330, Outer Diameter of Segment; 340, Inner Diameter of Collar; 400, Intermediate Space; 500, Connecting Structure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] based on Figure 1 As shown, the direction from the first tunnel 001 to the second tunnel 002 is called the first direction, the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper is called the second direction, and the height direction of the intermediate space 400 is called the third direction.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 generally has a circular cutterhead, which is roughly cylindrical in shape. During operation, a supporting trolley can be connected to the rear of the TBM 300. This trolley is used to transport and store the excavated soil and rocks generated during tunnel excavation. Depending on the size of the tunnel structure being excavated, the TBM 300 comes in various models, varying in size and weight. Generally, small tunnels for utility lines, sewers, etc., utilize small TBMs 300, which typically weigh around 50 tons. Subway tunnels, vehicular tunnels, etc., utilize medium or heavy-duty TBMs 300, which generally weigh around 100 tons. During the TBM 300's excavation process, it sometimes encounters spaces requiring passage through intermediate passages. According to this application… Figure 1As shown, the tunnel boring machine 300 has already excavated the first tunnel 001 underground, and thus the tunnel boring machine 300 enters an intermediate space 400 in its current orientation (approximately the tunnel boring machine's axis). This intermediate space 400 (e.g., the intermediate passage) is a previously excavated space, and the tunnel boring machine 300 can be partially accommodated within it. According to the project plan, the tunnel boring machine 300 needs to pass through this intermediate space 400 at this point and enter from the other side of the intermediate space 400 to begin the next part of tunnel excavation, i.e., excavating the second section of the tunnel. This process of the tunnel boring machine 300 passing through the intermediate space 400 is called the tunnel boring machine 300 transit. Since the tunnel boring machine 300 can use its own traveling device to find support points in the soil and complete its forward movement when excavating in the soil, there is no surrounding soil in the intermediate space 400, and therefore no support points to support it. Therefore, the tunnel boring machine 300 cannot move in the intermediate space 400 using its own traveling device. If the intermediate space 400 is large, for example, if the length of the intermediate space 400 along the first direction is significantly greater than the length of the tunnel boring machine 300 along the first direction, the tunnel boring machine 300 can be moved by hoisting it through an opening between the intermediate space 400 and the ground surface. However, for intermediate spaces 400 without ground openings or where it is inconvenient to create ground openings, and for intermediate spaces 400 whose length is less than the length of the tunnel boring machine 300, allowing the tunnel boring machine 300 to pass directly underground becomes a feasible option.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an improved attitude adjustment device for the secondary launch of a tunnel boring machine (TBM). This device assists the TBM 300 in passing through an intermediate passage and adjusts the secondary launch attitude of the TBM 300 while it is passing through the intermediate passage. The adjustment device includes a support portion 100 disposed within an intermediate space 400 for supporting the TBM 300, and a sleeve portion 200 disposed at the first opening position of the TBM 300 as it exits from the first tunnel 001 into the intermediate space 400. The sleeve portion 200 is located on the circumferential side of the TBM 300.

[0032] like Figure 5As shown, under the constraint of the soil layer of the first part of the tunnel, the roughly annular sleeve portion 200 has a collar 210 surrounding the outer sidewall of the shield machine that passes through the first opening. Several bottom supports 220 of the sleeve portion 200 support the bottom of the collar 210 between the ground of the intermediate space 400, so that the collar 210 is supported by the bottom supports 220, thereby forming a collar 210 structure for receiving the shield machine 300. Since the shield machine 300 itself can maintain a certain orientation in the first tunnel 001, the collar 210 itself is not used to completely wrap the sidewall of the shield machine 300, because doing so may actually prevent the shield machine 300 from moving. This is because the shield machine 300 itself will sway to a certain extent during movement, which is caused by factors such as soil conditions and operational factors. Therefore, the function of the collar 210 is to limit the orientation of the shield machine 300 to a certain extent, and therefore the size of the collar 210 is slightly larger than the outer size of the shield machine 300. Because the collar 210 has a ring-shaped structure, its portion near the ground of the intermediate space 400 (the bottommost part of the intermediate space 400) is approximately semi-circular or arc-shaped. The bottom support 220 supports this semi-circular or arc-shaped portion of the collar 210 near the ground. The other end of the bottom support 220 supports the ground of the intermediate space 400 to support the collar 210 on the ground. The relative position of the bottom support 220 and the collar 210 can be adjusted as needed, so that the length of the projection of the furthest contact point of the bottom support 220 on the collar 210 onto the ground can be adjusted. Figure 5 The image shown, viewed from the axial direction of the sleeve section 200, defines the length of the ground projection of the furthest contact point between the bottom support 220 and the collar 210 as the support distance. This distance is related to the weight of the tunnel boring machine 300 and the soil parameters of the first opening. With sufficient space on the ground in the intermediate space 400, the support distance can be adjusted based on the weight of the tunnel boring machine and the soil parameters of the first opening. Sufficient space on the ground in the intermediate space 400 means that the intermediate space 400 has enough space for the installation of the bottom support 220 in the radial direction along the collar 210 and horizontally to the ground. Generally, the intermediate space 400 is a pre-excavated facility, such as a site, passageway, or well, and its internal dimensions vary depending on the project requirements; therefore, the space available for the installation of the bottom support 220 may be limited. In other words, the support distance may be limited. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, if the support length determined based on the weight of the tunnel boring machine and the soil parameters of the first opening is greater than the support length limit, the support spacing of the bottom support 220 is re-determined based on the soil parameters of the first opening, and the support spacing is related to the selection of the structural model that makes up the bottom support 220.

[0033] The bottom support 220 consists of multiple support units 221. Each support unit 221 is responsible for contacting a position at the bottom of the collar 210. The distance between two adjacent support units 221 is called the support spacing. Preferably, in this scheme, each support unit 221 is made of different types of steel. The advantage of using steel to make the support unit 221 is that the specific structure and model of the support unit 221 can be flexibly adjusted as needed. This model is mainly related to the load-bearing capacity of the support unit 221. In one embodiment, the support unit 221 is made of I-beams. Further, the support unit 221 is made of at least two types of I-beams: a first type of I-beam at the bottom and a second type of I-beam above the first type of I-beam. Preferably, the first type of I-beam has a greater strength than the second type of I-beam, so that the support unit 221 forms a structural stability center on the side closest to the ground, preventing structural swaying and instability. Preferably, the first type of I-beam is made of double 36c I-beams, and the second type of I-beam is made of double 30a I-beams. This embodiment selects these two types of I-beams to form the main structure of the support unit 221. This decision was made after comprehensively considering the weight of the tunnel boring machine and the soil parameters of the first opening. This structure has the most reasonable support performance under the current conditions. Since the bottom of the collar 210 is arc-shaped, the distance between any point on this arc and the ground is not exactly the same. Therefore, the height of the support unit 221 supporting this position is also not exactly the same. When multiple support units 221 are symmetrically spread on the ground radially along the collar 210, the height of the support units 221 is distributed in a manner that is higher on both sides and lower in the middle. The support unit 221 supporting the lowest point of the collar 210 has the lowest height, and the support unit 221 supporting the outermost part of the collar 210 has a relatively highest height. To extend the support unit 221 so that its height can reach the collar 210 even at the outermost part of the support unit 221 array, the first type of I-beam and the second type of I-beam are connected by a first steel plate to lengthen the support unit 221. Preferably, this solution uses first steel plates of equal length between the I-beams. If, after adding the first steel plates, the support unit 221 still does not reach the collar 210 at a sufficient height, the height of the support unit 221 is increased by adding more first-type I-beams. This approach ensures that the extended structure using the first steel plates maintains optimal stiffness and stability. Because the structural strength of a steel plate is related to its length, longer plates have lower bending resistance. This solution does not increase the length of the first steel plate according to the height requirement of the support unit 221, but uses a uniformly fixed length to ensure optimal strength. For any remaining insufficient height, this solution adds first-type I-beams to compensate, aiming to further enhance the structural strength of the taller support unit 221. Furthermore, in this solution, the soil at the first opening is highly loose in this area; therefore, adding first-type I-beams counteracts the effects of this soil loosening.

[0034] The aforementioned support units 221 are arranged in a second direction, such that the collar 210 is radially positioned outside the peripheral side of the tunnel boring machine 300 in the second direction. Further, when the tunnel boring machine 300 passes through the collar 210 from the first opening, a support portion 100 is provided along the first direction to engage with the collar 210. The support portion 100 supports the tunnel boring machine 300 throughout its passage through the intermediate space 400 along the first direction. Preferably, when the tunnel boring machine 300 is placed on the support portion 100, at least a portion of its peripheral arc surface is included on the support portion 100. Preferably, the support portion 100, having an arc-shaped support surface 110 specifically configured to adapt to the shape of the peripheral arc surface of the tunnel boring machine, is used to support the tunnel boring machine 300, so that the actual drive structure used for driving does not directly contact the tunnel boring machine 300 with force to form a support relationship. This support 100 has an arc-shaped support surface 110 specifically adapted to the arc-shaped configuration of the tunnel boring machine's periphery, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shows a front view of the support 100 viewed along a first direction. The arc-shaped support surface 110 designed in this scheme is a generally continuous structure, and its contact with the tunnel boring machine 300 is not point contact, but surface contact. This structure was designed because it was found that supporting the tunnel boring machine 300 in a point manner might cause the tail end of the tunnel boring machine 300 remaining in the first tunnel 001 to adversely affect the soil layer (or the soil layer of the first opening) in the first tunnel 001 during the movement of the tunnel boring machine 300 along the first direction, for example, affecting soil settlement. Furthermore, the portion used to drive or support the arc-shaped support surface 110 is configured as a support unit 120. The support unit 120 has multiple force-applying structures 121, which provide support force to the arc-shaped support surface 110. Preferably, the force-applying structures 121 are configured to provide support force pneumatically, hydraulically, or electrically. For example, the force-applying structure 121 can be a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod. This embodiment uses a hydraulic cylinder as the force-applying structure 121. A hydraulic cylinder, also known as a hydraulic jack, utilizes hydraulic principles to provide high support force within a relatively small volume. Each hydraulic cylinder structure selected in this embodiment can withstand a weight of at least 100 tons to ensure stable support of the tunnel boring machine 300. Figure 2As shown, at least four force-applying structures 121 are arranged along the second direction within the support unit 120. The force-applying structures 121 are arranged at regular intervals within the support unit 120. Preferably, the force-applying structures 121 are symmetrically arranged about a centerline in the second direction. This symmetrical arrangement allows the force-applying structures 121 to uniformly provide support force to the arc-shaped support surface 110. Preferably, the contact between the force-applying structures 121 and the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a rolling contact to facilitate smooth movement of the TBM during its travel and prevent the force-applying structures from obstructing its movement. Preferably, the force-applying structures 121 provide support force to the upper arc-shaped support surface 110 in a direction perpendicular to the ground. This design chooses to have the force-applying structure 121 provide support in a direction perpendicular to the ground, rather than pointing towards the center of the tunnel boring machine 300. The purpose is to reduce or avoid situations where the reaction force of the force-applying structure 121 on the tunnel boring machine 300 pointing towards the center is not perpendicular to the ground. This is because for the intermediate space 400 or underground excavation structures, the bottom may not have sufficient fixing measures, and a reaction force not perpendicular to the ground may cause the ground to experience lateral pressure, resulting in uneven settlement. Once this occurs, subsequent repairs, maintenance, and project review and supervision will become extremely difficult. Preferably, according to... Figure 6 The top view showing the support unit 120 in this embodiment shows that two rows of force-applying structures 121 are arranged along a first direction within the support unit 120, with at least four force-applying structures 121 arranged in each row along the first direction. In other words, at least eight force-applying structures 121 are provided within the support unit 120.

[0035] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the support unit 120 is configured in two parts in the third direction: an upper first support part for supporting the arc-shaped support surface 110 and a lower second support part for contacting the ground. The first support part contains the actuating part 130 of the force-applying structure 121, and the second support part contains the actuating part 140 of the force-applying structure 121. Taking a hydraulic cylinder as the force-applying structure 121 as an example, the piston part of the hydraulic cylinder is the actuating part 130, and the cylinder barrel part is the actuating part 140. Liquid is introduced into the cylinder barrel to generate actuation properties in the incompressible liquid, thereby pushing the piston part to move. The actuating part 140 is disposed within the second support part, allowing it to stabilize its actuation process as the second support part contacts the ground. The actuating part 130 is disposed within the first support part, enabling it to move the first support part upwards or provide support force to the arc-shaped support surface 110 under the actuation action of the actuating part 140.

[0036] like Figure 4As shown, preferably, the actuating part 130 is configured to provide support to the arcuate support surface 110 in a manner that does not directly provide thrust or lifting force in a third direction. Specifically, in one embodiment of this solution, the actuating part 130 is constructed as a rod-shaped configuration with an annular opening, having a columnar lower half and an annular upper half, the annular upper half being disposed on the columnar lower half. The columnar lower half is used to connect with the actuating part 140, for example, to insert the cylinder of a hydraulic cylinder. The annular upper half is used to connect with the lugs 132 disposed around the actuating part 130 by means of an annular insertion pin 131. Specifically, the annular axial direction of the annular upper half is configured in a second direction. Lugs 132 are respectively disposed on both sides of the annular upper half along the second direction. The lugs 132 are configured as plate-like structures with openings that adapt to the annular opening of the annular upper half. The two ends of the plate-like structure of the ear seat 132 are respectively connected to the two ends within the first support portion, and this connection can be welded. The pin 131 passes through the opening of the ear seat 132 and through the upper half of the annular structure to reach the ear seat 132 on the opposite side, thereby connecting the upper half of the annular structure with the ear seats 132 on both sides. The pin 131 is generally a columnar structure with an end, having a columnar portion and an end. The end is also generally columnar, but its thickness is much smaller than that of the columnar portion, preferably sheet-like. The end is also generally circular; preferably, the radial dimension of the circular end is larger than the radial dimension of the columnar structure. The radial dimension of the columnar portion is set in a manner that matches the opening size of the upper half of the annular structure. The aforementioned end portion is located at the end of the columnar portion along its axis. When the columnar portion is inserted into the lug 132 and the upper half of the annular portion, its end portion, due to its radial dimension being larger than the radial dimension of the columnar structure (in other words, larger than the opening of the upper half of the annular portion and the lug 132), is stuck on the other side of the lug 132 away from the opening of the upper half of the annular portion. The columnar portion has only one end portion, with no end portion at the other end, so that it can be inserted into the lug 132 and the upper half of the annular portion. The other end portion of the columnar portion without an end portion has a countersunk hole for connection with a connector. Preferably, the connector is a screw, and the countersunk hole has threads that mate with the screw. A pin cap is also provided, which can be similar in structure to the aforementioned end portion structure, being a plate-shaped structure with an opening configured to accommodate the radial dimension of the connector, so that the connector can pass through the opening of the pin cap structure and be inserted into the countersunk hole. Preferably, the countersunk hole is located at the axial center of the columnar structure, i.e., the center of the end portion. The length of the columnar structure is configured to precisely connect the two lugs on both sides and the upper part of the ring. In other words, the length of the columnar structure is equal to the thickness of the two lugs plus the thickness of the upper part of the ring.During installation, the upper annular portion of the actuating part 130 is connected to its surrounding ear plates via pin 131. The side of pin 131 without an end is connected to a pin cover via a connector, so that the pin cover and the end abut against the ear seats 132 on both sides to prevent pin 131 from coming off the ear seats 132. The ear seats 132 on both sides clamp the upper annular portion in the middle, preferably tightly, to prevent the upper annular portion from wobbling between the ear seats 132.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the support portion 100 in the intermediate space 400 consists of four support units 120 arranged along a first direction. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the four support units 120 are arranged side-by-side in the intermediate space 400 along the first direction, and their length direction is configured along a second direction. The length direction of the support portion 100 can be considered as the radial surface of the arc-shaped support surface 110 of the support portion 100. Configuring the length direction of the support portion 100 as the second direction allows the support portion 100 to support the sidewall of the tunnel boring machine 300 traveling along the first direction.

[0038] The sleeve portion 200 and the support portion 100 are connected at their adjacent points along the first direction by a connecting structure 500. One end of the connecting structure 500 is connected to the first supporting portion of the support portion 100, and the other end is connected to the bottom support 220 of the sleeve portion 200. In this embodiment, the connecting structure 500 is configured to have a certain elasticity along the first direction. This elasticity is used to buffer the momentum along the first direction exerted on the sleeve portion 200 and the support portion 100 by the tunnel boring machine 300 when it moves along the first direction. Due to friction, when the tunnel boring machine 300 passes through the sleeve portion 200 and the support portion 100, it applies a force along the first direction to the sleeve portion 200 and the support portion 100. This force causes the sleeve portion 200 to tend to move towards the support portion 100 along the first direction. When the tunnel boring machine 300 moves at a slow speed, this force is relatively small. However, when the tunnel boring machine 300 accelerates rapidly, the sleeve portion 200 tends to sway along the first direction. The connecting structure 500 provided in this solution can effectively counteract this swaying. The connecting structure 500 has an elastic telescopic unit arranged along the first direction, such as a high-strength shock-absorbing spring. When the tunnel boring machine 300 moves along the first direction to cause the sleeve portion 200 to sway along the first direction, the elastic telescopic unit of the connecting structure 500 can prevent the swaying of the sleeve portion 200 based on elastic buffering, thus making the overall station structure more stable. Preferably, since the first support portion can move along a third direction, the connecting structure 500 is configured to move along with the first support portion along the third direction. The connecting structure 500 can be slidably connected to the bottom support 220 of the sleeve portion 200, while the first support portion is fixedly connected (e.g., welded), so that the connecting structure 500 can move along with the first support portion while ensuring its buffering effect.

[0039] Preferably, the support portion 100 supporting the tunnel boring machine 300 can adjust its support structure applied to different areas of the tunnel boring machine 300 in a regional manner, so that the tunnel boring machine 300 can be adjusted in posture by the support portion 100 in a manner that meets its angle requirements at each stage of the process of passing through the intermediate space 400. Specifically, in this embodiment, the support portion 100 is composed of four supporting units 120 arranged along the first direction. For ease of description, please refer to... Figure 1 They are named, from right to left along the first direction, as first support unit 122, second support unit 123, third support unit 124 and fourth support unit 125 respectively.

[0040] Preferably, in this scheme, the process of the tunnel boring machine 300 passing through the intermediate space 400 is divided into four stages, namely the drilling stage, the front-moving stage, the rear-moving stage, and the drilling stage. The drilling stage is the stage when the tunnel boring machine 300 has just broken through the ground from the first tunnel 001; at this time, only the cutterhead has drilled through the opening connecting the first tunnel 001 and the intermediate space 400. The front-moving stage is when a portion of the front of the tunnel boring machine 300 is supported by the support unit 100. The rear-moving stage is when the rear portion of the tunnel boring machine 300 is supported by the support unit 100. The drilling stage is the stage when the tunnel boring machine 300 is about to drill into the second tunnel 002. Please refer to... Figure 7 This plan divides the drilling stage, the pre-movement stage, the post-movement stage, and the drilling phase into separate sections.

[0041] This solution also includes a processing unit. The processing unit acquires structural data and processes it into adjustment boundary conditions. The processing unit determines the current position of the tunnel boring machine 300 and, based on that position, determines the stage in which the tunnel boring machine 300 is located. Based on the determined stage, the processing unit acquires specific data related to that stage. Based on the adjustment rules corresponding to the determined stage, the specific data related to the stage, and the adjustment boundary conditions, the processing unit generates instructions to control the movement of each support unit 120 of the support unit 100 and sends the instructions to the support unit 100. Upon receiving the instructions, the support unit 100 adjusts the movement of each support unit 120 to ensure that the tunnel boring machine 300 can pass through each stage in a manner that meets expectations.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9This diagram illustrates the structural layout of the shield tail of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 along its axis, with the shield tail segments, shield tail center, and pre-embedded portal ring beam overlapping. The shield shell is a shell structure with a certain thickness. Multiple segments are arranged in a ring inside the shield shell. These segments form the tunnel duct. After the TBM 300 excavates the tunnel, segments are placed at the tunnel edge, and concrete is poured to create gaps that allow the segments to form a duct capable of supporting the tunnel. The shield shell has an outer diameter of 310 mm and an inner diameter of 320 mm at the shield tail, and the segments have an outer diameter of 330 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner diameter of the shield tail 320 mm is 3030 mm, and the outer diameter of the segments 330 mm is 3000 mm. When the center of the shield tail coincides with the center of the shield tail segment, the gap between the shield tail and the segment is 3030-3000=30mm. In the extreme case, the segment can fit tightly against the shield shell of the shield tail. Therefore, the adjustable range of the shield tail gap is 0-60mm, and the adjustable limit is 60mm. The sleeve installed in the part where the tunnel boring machine 300 drills out of the first tunnel 001 is used to support or stabilize the drilling direction of the tunnel boring machine 300. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner diameter 340 of the sleeve ring is 3300mm and the outer diameter 310 of the shield tail is 3075mm. Then the gap between the shield tail and the ring 210 is 3300-3075=225mm. In the extreme case, the shield's unidirectional deviation is 225*2=450mm, which can ensure smooth passage of the ring 210.

[0043] Based on the above example, the structural data acquired by the processing unit includes the outer diameter of the shield tail 310, the inner diameter of the shield tail 320, the outer diameter of the tunnel segment 330, and the inner diameter of the collar 340. These data are known given the tunnel boring machine 300 and the collar 210, and can be imported from an external data source (e.g., manually). The processing unit processes the acquired structural data into adjustment margin conditions; that is, according to the algorithm described above, it calculates the adjustable range of the shield tail gap and the adjustable range between the shield tail and the collar 210 to form the adjustment margin conditions.

[0044] The process of "determining the current position of the tunnel boring machine 300 and determining its current stage based on that position" specifically involves the processing unit acquiring the current position of the tunnel boring machine 300 from an information source. This information source can be the tunnel boring machine 300's own positioning system, a positioning system deployed at the construction site, camera acquisition equipment, or other location information acquisition equipment. The information source provides accurate data on the tunnel boring machine 300's location, and based on this data, the current stage of the tunnel boring machine 300 can be calculated. Using the interface where the first tunnel 001 enters the intermediate space 400 as the reference origin, and the center of the tunnel boring machine 300's cutterhead as the moving point, the horizontal distance between the moving point and the reference origin is the displacement value. When the tunnel boring machine 300 just emerges from the first tunnel 001, its displacement value is 0. When the tunnel boring machine 300 contacts the first support unit 122, its displacement value is L1, where L1 can be calculated from parameters such as the width of the sleeve 200 and the width of the connecting structure 500. When the tunnel boring machine 300 moves forward in the first direction and contacts the second support unit 123, its displacement value is L2. Similarly, L2 can also be obtained based on known structural dimensions. Therefore, tunnel boring machines 300 with displacement values ​​between 0 and L2 can be classified as the drilling stage, at which point the tunnel boring machine 300 has just emerged from the first tunnel 001 and is supported by the first support unit 122. In other embodiments, it is also possible to determine whether it belongs to the drilling stage according to other displacement value classification methods.

[0045] The requirement for the tunnel boring machine (TBM) exiting the tunnel is that the center of the cutterhead and the center line of the tunnel collar must be aligned when the TBM exits the tunnel, while also considering the tunnel's design axis. That is, ensuring exiting the tunnel is the priority, followed by considering the tunnel's design axis. The tunnel design axis is the original tunnel axis design. Due to soil variations and construction errors during construction, the center of the cutterhead and the center of the tunnel collar may not perfectly coincide with the tunnel axis. In this embodiment, the specific data collected during this stage are the position of the cutterhead center line and the deviation value Dt between the cutterhead center and the center of the tunnel collar. Due to changes in strata, groundwater levels, and construction errors during construction, the TBM 300 may not be able to guarantee that its Dt is zero (i.e., the aforementioned alignment with the center line) when exiting the tunnel, and deviations in multiple directions may exist. Therefore, one of the adjustment rules for this drilling stage is determined to be that, before the first support unit 122 contacts the tunnel boring machine 300 (i.e., when the displacement value of the tunnel boring machine 300 is 0-L1), the lifting and lowering of the first support unit 122 is adjusted based on the position of the cutterhead centerline, so that the arc center of the first support unit 122 is aligned with the cutterhead centerline. The purpose of this adjustment is to first support the tunnel boring machine 300 in a manner consistent with the tunnel boring machine's axial direction, preventing the tunnel boring machine 300 from failing to smoothly enter the support section 100, causing problems such as jamming and impact, and also facilitating the stable bearing of the first support unit 122 and further stabilizing the state of the tunnel boring machine 300. After the first support unit 122 contacts the tunnel boring machine 300, another adjustment rule for the drilling stage is determined to be that, based on the deviation value Dt, the lifting and lowering of the first support unit 122 is adjusted so that, during the movement of the tunnel boring machine 300 along the first direction, under the drive of the first support unit 122, it is aligned with the centerline of the collar, i.e., Dt gradually decreases to zero. This adjustment allows the first support unit 122 to not only support the tunnel boring machine 300 as it passes smoothly, but also to adjust the exit direction of the tunnel boring machine 300. This ensures that the tunnel boring machine 300 exits the tunnel in a relatively optimal manner, significantly reducing project delays caused by failure to exit smoothly. During the drilling phase, due to the aforementioned adjustment, the shield tail generally will not be too close to the tunnel segments. Therefore, the detection of the distance between the shield tail and the tunnel segments can be omitted or its detection frequency can be reduced, significantly reducing the computational power consumption associated with detection.

[0046] The requirement for the forward movement of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 is to ensure its stable forward movement as much as possible. In this scheme, the TBM 300 undergoes test adjustments to the raising and lowering of the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 during the forward movement phase to test the bearing capacity of the lower half of the first tunnel soil layer. Specifically, when the TBM 300 is in the forward movement phase, the processing unit controls the raising and lowering of the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 to perform a first type of test and obtain the bearing capacity results of the lower half of the first tunnel soil layer. If the bearing capacity meets expectations, the processing unit controls the first, second, and third support units 124 to guide the TBM 300 to perform a horizontal movement when the TBM 300 enters the rear movement phase, so that the deviation value Dt between the center of the cutterhead and the center of the collar of the TBM 300 is within a small range (e.g., close to 0). If the bearing capacity does not meet expectations, the processing unit controls the raising and lowering of the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 to perform a second type of test, obtaining the gap value Dg between the shield tail and the tunnel segment, and determining whether Dg meets the preset range. If it does, the processing unit controls the first, second, and third support units 124 to guide the shield machine 300 to perform a head-up movement when the shield machine 300 enters the moving rear section. If it does not meet the range, the processing unit issues a prompt to remind the engineering personnel to reinforce the soil layer of the first tunnel 001, or preferably, to further reinforce the collar 210 of the sleeve part 200 to reduce the squeezing force of the shield machine 300 on the soil layer of the first tunnel. After the reinforcement treatment is completed, the processing unit repeats the above test or determines the adjustment scheme of the support unit 120 after the shield machine 300 enters the moving rear section based on the reinforcement results. The first type of test is a test to see if the soil can support the horizontal movement of the shield machine 300. The horizontal movement of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 refers to its movement during the excavation of the second tunnel 002, where the center of the cutterhead coincides with the central axis of the tunnel collar. This movement ensures a relatively uniform distance between the shield and the tunnel edge, as well as between the shield and the segments installed on the tunnel tail, facilitating the injection of uniform grout. However, the horizontal movement of the TBM 300 places high demands on the soil's bearing capacity. If the soil composition lacks hard rock, it is difficult to maintain the horizontal movement of the TBM 300. Therefore, the first type of test is a test of the soil's ultimate bearing capacity. In this test, the processing unit can control the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 to move slightly downwards, thereby increasing the pressure of the TBM 300 on the soil. Based on observation or pressure testing of the soil, it is determined whether the soil's ultimate bearing capacity can meet the requirements of the horizontal movement of the TBM 300. If the soil strength is sufficient to support the load, the subsequent two moving stages do not require the tunnel boring machine 300 to tilt upwards. The third support unit 124 and the fourth support unit 125 can perform structural adjustments related to the horizontal movement in advance, such as raising and lowering to the horizontal position in advance.The second type of test is conducted when the soil bearing capacity is insufficient for horizontal movement as determined by the first type of test. The purpose of this type of test is to determine the optimal or better head-up posture under the predetermined head-up movement, using the gap Dg between the shield tail and the tunnel lining segments as the standard. Under this type of test, the processing unit controls the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 to adjust the shield machine 300's posture to a head-up posture, i.e., the center line of the shield machine 300 cutterhead is lower than the center line of the collar by one amplitude, and the center of the shield tail is lower than the center of the cutterhead by one amplitude, so that the shield machine 300 is in a head-up state. Then, it is checked whether Dg meets the marginal conditions. Preferably, it is checked whether Dg meets the preferred conditions selected from the marginal conditions, and the range of these preferred conditions is smaller than the marginal conditions. The marginal conditions are the maximum limiting conditions for the movement of the shield machine 300; exceeding them will lead to inability to move or damage. The preferred conditions are a range with redundancy, which can be set by the process engineers. During the initial movement phase, the processing unit adjusts the head-up attitude of the tunnel boring machine 300 by controlling the lifting and lowering of the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123. Simultaneously, it acquires data (Dg) to determine if the head-up attitude is within the optimal conditions. If it is within the optimal conditions, the processing unit saves the attitude data of the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123 and uses it as data material to calculate the movement commands for the third support unit 124 and the fourth support unit 125. After testing and determining the best or optimal head-up attitude of the tunnel boring machine 300, the processing unit calculates the drive commands for the third support unit 124 and the fourth support unit 125 based on similarity, and controls the movement of the corresponding support unit 120 during the later movement and drilling phases of the tunnel boring machine 300.

[0047] The purpose of the above technical solution is to utilize the uniquely designed segmented support unit 120 and the corresponding determined movement stage of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 when the TBM 300 moves to the front stage. This allows for the early determination of the support properties of the first tunnel soil layer during this period, providing preliminary test results for the subsequent excavation of the second tunnel 002 by the TBM 300, thus accelerating the TBM 300's passage through the station. Since the support of the lower half of the tunnel is easily disturbed and relatively low when the TBM 300 is excavating the second tunnel 002, and the specific soil conditions vary for each construction scenario, the support of the soil layers also differs. Due to the potential reduction in the support of the lower half of the tunnel soil during excavation, it is recommended that the TBM 300 adopt a head-up movement when excavating the second tunnel 002 to offset or reduce the negative impact of the reduced support of the lower half of the tunnel soil. Head-up movement refers to the TBM 300 moving axially upwards, deviating from the horizontal direction. Therefore, this scheme utilizes the pre-movement phase, which is in the second stage of the time sequence, to test the lifting or lowering of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 to test the bearing capacity of the soil at the corresponding location. Since the TBM 300 in this stage is similar to the TBM 300 in the drilling stage in terms of its encapsulation within the corresponding soil (because this scheme targets the intermediate space 400 passage condition with a shorter travel distance), the change in the bearing capacity of the corresponding soil when the inclination angle of the TBM 300 changes can be similarly estimated to the bearing capacity during the drilling stage. Thus, this pre-movement phase can be used to conduct soil bearing capacity tests in advance. Conventional methods only involve normal translation of the TBM 300, and adjustments to the TBM 300's state are only made when it is close to the opposite soil (just before the excavation of the second tunnel 002 begins). This not only risks insufficient response time, leading to extra time required for adjustments and severely slowing down the project progress, but also may result in problems such as excavation errors due to insufficient estimation of soil bearing capacity. This solution addresses the scenario where the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 passes through an intermediate space 400 that is shorter than its own length. It proposes a segmented support and drive control scheme, which enables the test of soil bearing capacity by driving the form of the TBM 300 in the early stage of movement (the initial stage of movement). This accelerates the selection and driving of the TBM 300's movement posture in the subsequent movement stage, significantly reducing project time and significantly improving the project success rate.

[0048] In the later stage of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) movement, the processing unit sends commands to control the third support unit 124 in coordination with the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123, based on the test results from the earlier stage, to maintain the TBM 300 in a state consistent with the test results. Furthermore, when the TBM 300 is driven into a head-up posture based on the test results, specific data related to the later stage of movement is collected: the tail grouting fluid plasticity. Based on the tail grouting fluid plasticity, the processing unit further controls the head-up posture of the TBM 300, ensuring the tail gap Dg is within the preferred range, so that the tail gap Dg is adjusted to meet the tail grouting fluid plasticity range. In the later stage of the TBM 300 movement, the tail has gradually approached the position where it exits the first tunnel 001. At this point, due to different geological compositions within the underlying layers, the fluid plasticity of the grouted tail will vary. Grout with stronger fluid plasticity will cause water-containing grout to easily overflow from the tail gap, resulting in ground loss and excessive local settlement. Therefore, in order to prevent the grout from overflowing due to excessive shield tail gap, this scheme further changes the shield tail gap Dg in the moving section by using the third support unit 124 in conjunction with the first support unit 122 and the second support unit 123. When the shield tail grouting has strong flow plasticity, the grout will not overflow by reducing the shield tail gap Dg by a certain amount.

[0049] During the drilling phase, the requirements for the tunnel boring machine (TBM) 300 are as follows: based on the test results from the previous phase, the processing unit sends instructions to control the fourth support unit 125 in coordination with the first support unit 122, the second support unit 123, and the third support unit 124 to maintain the TBM 300 in a state consistent with the test results. When the test results determine that the TBM 300 is moving in a head-up posture, and the deviation between the center of the TBM 300 cutterhead and the center of the pre-embedded steel ring at the starting tunnel portal is within a small deviation range, the TBM 300 cutterhead begins normal head-up movement. This continues until the shield tail completely detaches from the first tunnel 001. Then, by adjusting the four support units 120 of the support unit 100, the shield body behind the articulated position of the TBM 300 is gradually adjusted (downward adjustment) until the TBM 300 articulates to the entrance (also known as the starting face) of the second tunnel 002, at which point the articulation is near 0°. The tunnel boring machine 300 itself has a hinge. The specific data collected during this drilling stage is the hinge angle. The four support units 120 are adjusted based on the hinge angle to ensure that the hinge angle is kept as close to 0° as possible when the hinge contacts the starting face. The advantage of the above scheme is that ensuring a hinge angle of 0° helps to ensure a regular and complete shield gap, which helps to form a regular portal, resulting in higher construction quality and significantly reducing the need for remedial measures (grouting). In contrast, the four independently adjustable support units 120 designed in this scheme can be flexibly adjusted based on the location of the shield tail (e.g., inside or outside the first tunnel 001) to perfectly achieve a 0° hinge angle.

[0050] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, features introduced by "preferredly" are merely optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. An improved attitude adjustment device for secondary launch of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), used in engineering projects where a TBM (300) passes underground through an intermediate space (400), the length of which is less than the length of the TBM (300), characterized in that, A sleeve section (200) is provided at the exit of the tunnel boring machine (300) as it exits the first tunnel (001) and enters the intermediate space (400) to receive the exiting tunnel boring machine (300). A support section (100) is provided along a first direction within the intermediate space (400) between the sleeve section (200) and the opposing second tunnel (002) to be excavated. During the process of the tunnel boring machine (300) exiting the first tunnel (001) and moving along the first direction to the second tunnel (002) to be excavated, the support units (120) of the support section (100) adjust their support postures according to the stage of the tunnel boring machine (300)'s movement, so that the tunnel boring machine (300) can adapt to the position and posture required for the preset center position of the secondary launch. Among them, the supporting units (120) are the first supporting unit (122), the second supporting unit (123), the third supporting unit (124) and the fourth supporting unit (125). In the initial phase of the tunnel boring machine (300) moving from the first support unit (122) to the second support unit (123), the tunnel boring machine (300) makes test adjustments to the lifting and lowering of the first support unit (122) and the second support unit (123) in the initial phase of the movement to test the bearing capacity of the lower half of the soil layer in the first tunnel. Based on the test results, the attitude control mode of the third support unit (124) and the fourth support unit (125) in the subsequent movement phase of the tunnel boring machine (300) is determined.

2. The adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (200) consists of a collar (210) surrounding the outer side of the circumferential sidewall of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) that passes through the first tunnel (001) and a bottom support (220) supporting the collar (210), the collar (210) defining the orientation of the TBM (300).

3. The adjusting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, With sufficient space left on the ground in the intermediate space (400), the support length of the bottom support (220) can be adjusted based on the weight of the tunnel boring machine (300) and the soil parameters of the first opening.

4. The adjusting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The support (100) has at least one arc-shaped support surface (110) configured to adapt to the shape of the arc surface of the shield machine, so that the force-applying structure (121) of the support (100) forms a support relationship with the shield machine (300) in a manner that the surface contacts the arc surface of the shield machine.

5. The adjusting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The supporting unit (120) that makes up the support part (100) includes a plurality of force-applying structures (121). Each force-applying structure (121) of the supporting unit (120) acts on the arc-shaped supporting surface (110) of the supporting unit (120). The force-applying structure (121) of each supporting unit (120) can be individually adjusted in terms of its force magnitude and / or force stroke, so that the tunnel boring machine (300) supported by the arc-shaped supporting surface (110) can be adjusted in posture at the supported position.

6. The adjusting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a processing unit, which acquires structural data and processes the acquired structural data into adjustment boundary conditions; the processing unit determines the current position of the tunnel boring machine (300) and determines the stage of the tunnel boring machine (300) based on the position; the processing unit acquires specific acquisition data related to the stage based on the determined stage; the processing unit forms instructions for controlling the movement of each support unit (120) of the support unit (100) based on the adjustment rules corresponding to the determined stage, the specific acquisition data related to the stage, and the adjustment boundary conditions, and sends the instructions to the support unit (100); when the support unit (100) receives the instructions, it adjusts the movement of each support unit (120) based on the instructions so that the tunnel boring machine (300) can pass through each stage in a manner that meets expectations.

7. The adjusting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the drilling stage from when the tunnel boring machine (300) emerges from the first tunnel (001) to when the tunnel boring machine (300) is supported by the first support unit (122), the position of the cutterhead centerline and the deviation value Dt between the cutterhead center and the collar center are collected. Before the first support unit (122) contacts the tunnel boring machine (300), the lifting and lowering of the first support unit (122) is adjusted based on the position of the cutterhead centerline so that the arc center of the first support unit (122) is consistent with the cutterhead centerline. After the first support unit (122) contacts the tunnel boring machine (300), the lifting and lowering of the first support unit (122) is adjusted based on the deviation value Dt so that Dt gradually decreases to zero as the tunnel boring machine (300) moves along the first direction.

8. The adjusting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the tunnel boring machine (300) is in the front section of the movement, the processing unit controls the first support unit (122) and the second support unit (123) to lift and lower to perform the first type of test and obtain the bearing capacity result of the lower half of the first tunnel soil layer. If the bearing capacity meets the expectations, the processing unit controls the first, second and third support units to guide the tunnel boring machine (300) to make a horizontal movement when the tunnel boring machine (300) enters the rear section of the movement.

9. The adjusting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, If the bearing capacity does not meet expectations, the processing unit controls the first support unit (122) and the second support unit (123) to raise and lower to perform the second type of test, obtain the gap value Dg between the shield tail and the segment, and determine whether Dg meets the preset range. If it does, the processing unit controls the first, second and third support units to guide the shield machine (300) to make a head-up movement when the shield machine (300) enters the moving rear section. If it does not meet the requirements, the processing unit issues a prompt to the outside world to reinforce the first tunnel soil layer or reinforce the sleeve section (200).

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