Liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and battery

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electric energy storage, and particularly discloses a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and a battery. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly comprises a working medium flow channel for the flow of a cooling working medium and a spouting material flow channel for the flow of spouting material. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and the battery can effectively solve the problem that the existing battery is prone to heat spread due to thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] A battery typically contains a circuit board and multiple individual battery cells. Each individual cell is equipped with an explosion-proof valve. When a cell overheats and causes thermal runaway, the material inside the runaway cell breaks through the explosion-proof valve, ejecting high-temperature, high-pressure ejected material. The high temperature of this ejected material can easily cause other adjacent cells to also experience thermal runaway, a phenomenon known in the industry as "thermal propagation."

[0003] Therefore, existing batteries need to be improved to address the problem of thermal runaway and thermal propagation.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is included only to enhance the understanding of the context of this disclosure, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and battery that can effectively solve the problem of thermal runaway and thermal propagation in existing batteries.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly, including a working fluid channel through which a cooling working fluid flows and an ejection material channel through which ejected material passes.

[0007] Optionally, the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly includes:

[0008] An exhaust top plate, wherein the exhaust top plate is provided with the working fluid flow channel and the ejection flow channel;

[0009] An exhaust base plate is fitted to an exhaust top plate.

[0010] The exhaust base plate is provided with a plurality of ejected material inlets connected to the ejected material flow channel, and an ejected material outlet located at the end of the ejected material flow channel and connected to the ejected material flow channel.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of primary crushing mechanisms arranged along the length of the ejection material channel are fixedly installed inside the ejection material channel;

[0012] The primary crushing mechanism includes several cutting baffles arranged at intervals along the width direction of the ejected material channel, and the cutting baffles are provided with several primary cutting holes.

[0013] Optionally, the cutting baffles in two adjacent primary crushing mechanisms are staggered.

[0014] Optionally, a box-shaped secondary crushing and collecting box is fixed at the outlet of the ejected material; wherein the secondary crushing and collecting box is provided with a plurality of secondary cutting holes;

[0015] A third-stage crushing and collecting box is fixedly provided on the side of the secondary crushing and collecting box away from the ejection flow channel; wherein, the third-stage crushing and collecting box is provided with a plurality of third-stage cutting holes.

[0016] Optionally, the relationship between the first-level cutting hole, the second-level cutting hole, and the third-level cutting hole simultaneously satisfies: L1>L2>L, d1>d2>d, ρ1<ρ2<ρ3;

[0017] in,

[0018] L1 is the length of the primary cutting hole;

[0019] L2 is the length of the secondary cutting hole;

[0020] L represents the length of the third-stage cutting hole;

[0021] d1 is the width dimension of the first-stage cutting hole;

[0022] d2 is the width dimension of the secondary cutting hole;

[0023] d represents the width of the third-level cutting hole;

[0024] ρ1 is the number of primary cutting holes contained in a unit area of ​​the cutting baffle;

[0025] ρ2 represents the number of secondary cutting holes contained in a unit area of ​​the secondary crushing and collecting box on the perforated surface;

[0026] ρ3 represents the number of three-stage cutting holes contained in a unit area of ​​the three-stage crushing and collecting box on the perforated surface.

[0027] Optionally, the dimensions of the three-stage cutting hole can simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: L_limit*λ>L0, L0=(L2+d2) 1 / 2 ;

[0028] in,

[0029] L represents the length of the third-stage cutting hole;

[0030] d represents the width of the third-level cutting hole;

[0031] L0 is the diagonal length of the third-level cutting hole;

[0032] L_limit is the minimum electrical safety creepage distance;

[0033] λ is the size correction factor, which is between 0.1 and 0.5.

[0034] Optionally, the working fluid channel is arranged to surround the ejection fluid channel.

[0035] On the other hand, a battery is provided, including a battery case, the battery case having a battery compartment, the battery compartment containing:

[0036] Any of the liquid-cooled exhaust components described above;

[0037] Several individual battery cells, each individual battery cell having an explosion-proof valve plate positioned corresponding to the ejection channel of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly;

[0038] A liquid cooling assembly, wherein the liquid cooling assembly is located on the side of each of the battery cells away from the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly;

[0039] The liquid inlet and outlet pipe assembly is connected to both the working fluid flow channel of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and the liquid cooling assembly.

[0040] The structural adhesive layer is provided between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and the individual battery cell, and between the liquid-cooled assembly and the individual battery cell.

[0041] Optionally, the structural adhesive layer between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and the battery cell is provided with a clearance space at the position of the explosion-proof valve plate of the battery cell, and a heat insulation pad is provided in the clearance space. The heat insulation pad is provided with a clearance hole at the position of each explosion-proof valve plate.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: It provides a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and a battery. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly is provided with a working fluid flow channel and an ejection flow channel. Under normal circumstances, the working fluid flow channel carries a cooling working fluid to cool and lower the temperature of the individual battery cells, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the individual battery cells and minimizing the risk of thermal runaway. When some individual battery cells experience thermal runaway, the ejected material from the runaway cells breaks through the explosion-proof valve and enters the ejection flow channel. At this time, the cooling working fluid in the working fluid flow channel can not only cool and lower the temperature of each individual battery cell, but also cool and lower the temperature of the ejected material in the ejection flow channel, preventing the heat from the ejected material from spreading to other battery cells and causing thermal runaway in other battery cells, thus preventing the occurrence of thermal propagation.

[0043] Therefore, the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and battery provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of thermal runaway and thermal propagation in existing batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the external structure of the battery provided in the embodiment;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery provided in the embodiment;

[0047] Figure 3 An explosion diagram of the battery provided for an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly provided in the embodiment;

[0049] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0050] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0051] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the three-stage pulverizing and collecting box provided in the embodiment;

[0052] Figure 8 An exploded view of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly provided in the embodiment.

[0053] In the picture:

[0054] 1. Battery box; 101. Battery compartment;

[0055] 2. Liquid-cooled exhaust assembly;

[0056] 201. Exhaust top plate; 2011. Working fluid flow channel; 2012. Ejection flow channel;

[0057] 202. Exhaust base plate; 2021. Ejector material inlet; 2022. Ejector material outlet; 2023. Liquid inlet / outlet connector assembly;

[0058] 203a, First primary crushing mechanism; 203b, Second primary crushing mechanism; 2031, Cutting baffle; 2031a, Primary cutting hole;

[0059] 204. Secondary crushing and collection box; 2041. Secondary cutting hole;

[0060] 205. Three-stage crushing and collection box; 2051. Three-stage cutting hole;

[0061] 3. Battery cell module; 301. Battery cell unit; 3011. Explosion-proof valve plate;

[0062] 4. Liquid cooling components;

[0063] 5. Inlet / outlet pipe assembly;

[0064] 6. Structural adhesive layer;

[0065] 7. Support the bubble;

[0066] 8. Heat insulation pad; 801. Clearance hole. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously. When a component is considered to be "set" on another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously.

[0069] Furthermore, terms such as “long,” “short,” “inner,” and “outer” indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the purpose of describing the present invention and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have this specific orientation or operate in a specific orientational configuration. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations of the present invention.

[0070] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] This invention provides a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly and a battery, applicable to the field of electrical energy storage, which can effectively solve the problem of thermal runaway and thermal propagation in existing batteries.

[0072] See Figures 1-3The battery provided in this embodiment includes a battery box 1, which has a battery compartment 101. The battery compartment 101 contains, from top to bottom, a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2, a cell module 3, and a liquid-cooling assembly 4. In this embodiment, the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 serves as the top cover of the entire battery box 1, sealing the upper opening of the battery compartment 101 to improve volumetric energy density. In some other embodiments, a separate top cover may be provided, with the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 positioned below the top cover.

[0073] Optionally, the cell module 3 has a conventional battery module structure, including several individual cell 301, thermally conductive materials, busbars, and FPC, etc. Optionally, the liquid cooling assembly 4 has a conventional liquid cooling plate structure, with internal channels for the flow of cooling fluid, etc.

[0074] See Figure 8 In this embodiment, the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 includes an exhaust top plate 201 and an exhaust bottom plate 202. The exhaust top plate 201 has a working fluid flow channel 2011 and an ejection material flow channel 2012 on the side near each of the individual battery cells 301; the exhaust bottom plate 202 is fitted onto the exhaust top plate 201 on the side near each of the individual battery cells 301. Each individual battery cell 301 has an explosion-proof valve plate 3011 at a position corresponding to the ejection material flow channel 2012, and the exhaust bottom plate 202 has an ejection material inlet 2021 corresponding to each explosion-proof valve plate 3011, connecting to the ejection material flow channel 2012; the exhaust bottom plate 202 has an ejection material outlet 2022 at one end of the ejection material flow channel 2012, located at the end of the ejection material flow channel 2012 and connecting to the ejection material flow channel 2012. Optionally, the working fluid channel 2011 is arranged to surround the ejection material channel 2012 in order to provide more efficient cooling and heat dissipation for the ejected material within the ejection material channel 2012.

[0075] The battery compartment 101 is also equipped with an inlet / outlet pipe assembly 5. The working fluid flow channel 2011 of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the flow channel of the liquid-cooled assembly 4 are both connected to the inlet / outlet pipe assembly 5 to provide flowing cooling working fluid to the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the liquid-cooled assembly 4. Correspondingly, the exhaust base plate 202 is provided with an inlet / outlet connector assembly 2023 for connecting the working fluid flow channel 2011 and the inlet / outlet pipe assembly 5 at the position corresponding to the working fluid flow channel 2011.

[0076] Several structural adhesive layers 6 are provided between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the battery cell 301, and between the liquid-cooled assembly 4 and the battery cell 301, in order to complete the heat exchange between the liquid-cooled assembly 4 and the battery cell 301 and to achieve relative fixation between the liquid-cooled assembly 4 and the battery cell 301.

[0077] A supporting foam 7 is provided between the liquid cooling component 4 and the battery box 1 to prevent the liquid cooling component 4 from directly contacting the battery box 1 and reduce the ineffective dissipation of cooling fluid.

[0078] The battery provided in this embodiment can supply flowing cooling working fluid to the working fluid channel 2011 of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the liquid-cooled assembly 4 through the inlet / outlet liquid pipe assembly 5. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 is equipped with both a working fluid channel 2011 and an ejection material channel 2012. Normally, the working fluid flows through the working fluid channel 2011 to cool and reduce the temperature of the individual battery cells 301, thereby minimizing the risk of thermal runaway. When some individual battery cells 301 experience thermal runaway, the ejected material within the runaway cell 301 breaks through the explosion-proof valve plate 3011, enters the ejection material channel 2012 through the ejection material inlet 2021, and then exits the ejection material channel 2012 through the ejection material outlet 2022.

[0079] During the flow of the ejected material in the ejected material flow channel 2012, the cooling working medium in the working medium flow channel 2011 can not only cool down each individual cell 301, but also cool down the ejected material in the ejected material flow channel 2012, preventing the heat of the ejected material from spreading to other cell 301, which could lead to thermal runaway in other cell 301, and thus preventing the occurrence of heat spread.

[0080] Therefore, the battery provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of thermal runaway and thermal propagation in existing batteries.

[0081] See Figure 3 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, a plurality of primary crushing mechanisms are fixedly installed inside the ejection material channel 2012, arranged along the length direction of the ejection material channel 2012. Further, each of the primary crushing mechanisms includes a plurality of cutting baffles 2031 arranged at intervals along the width direction of the ejection material channel 2012, and the cutting baffles 2031 are provided with a plurality of primary cutting holes 2031a.

[0082] Optionally, each of the primary crushing mechanisms is welded and fixed to the top surface of the exhaust base plate 202. Further, each primary crushing mechanism should be located between the two ejecta inlets 2021 to avoid obstructing the ejecta inlets 2021.

[0083] During thermal runaway, foreign objects such as copper foil ejected are relatively thin, approximately 10µm to 15µm. Under the action of high-pressure airflow, they collide violently with the primary cutting holes 2031a, causing them to break and pulverize. The large-area sheet-like structure is pulverized into multiple small-area block structures. On the other hand, the high-pressure airflow can be divided into multiple airflows by the multiple primary cutting holes 2031a of the primary pulverizing mechanism, ensuring that the high-temperature airflow flows forward rapidly and avoiding excessive local air pressure.

[0084] Furthermore, the cutting baffles 2031 in two adjacent primary crushing mechanisms are staggered, that is, the cutting baffle 2031 in each primary crushing mechanism is directly opposite the gap between the two cutting baffles 2031 of the previous primary crushing mechanism. For example, the first primary crushing mechanism 203a has three cutting baffles 2031, and the second primary crushing mechanism 203b has two cutting baffles 2031. When the ejected material flows in the ejected material flow channel 2012:

[0085] ① When the ejected material passes through the first primary crushing mechanism 203a, if the ejected material contains too many foreign objects, some of the foreign objects can flow directly downward through the gap between the two cutting baffles 2031, thus avoiding blockage of the primary cutting hole 2031a at the first primary crushing mechanism 203a.

[0086] ②The cutting baffle 2031 of the second primary crushing mechanism 203b is misaligned with that of the first primary crushing mechanism 203a. Therefore, the foreign matter that just flowed down through the gap between the two cutting baffles 2031 of the first primary crushing mechanism 203a will be blocked and cut by the cutting baffle 2031 of the second primary crushing mechanism 203b.

[0087] Therefore, the staggered arrangement of multiple primary crushing mechanisms helps to prevent excessive foreign matter in the ejected material from causing blockage of the primary cutting hole 2031a, thereby improving the cutting efficiency of foreign matter.

[0088] It is understandable that, depending on the number of individual battery cells 301, only one primary crushing mechanism may be set, or three, four or even more primary crushing mechanisms may be set to improve the efficiency of intercepting, blocking and crushing thermal runaway eruptions. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0089] In addition, the primary crushing mechanism is functionally similar to adding multiple heat exchange fins in the ejection flow channel 2012, which is equivalent to increasing the heat exchange area between the high-temperature airflow and the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 during thermal runaway, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and thus reducing the adverse effects of the high-temperature airflow on other non-thermal runaway battery cells 301 while crushing the ejected material.

[0090] See Figure 3 and Figure 6 A box-shaped secondary crushing and collecting box 204 is fixed at the position of the ejected material outlet 2022; wherein, the secondary crushing and collecting box 204 is provided with a plurality of secondary cutting holes 2041.

[0091] Specifically, the secondary crushing and collection box 204 is located at the end of the ejected material flow channel 2012. It has a box-like structure, formed by stamping grooves into the exhaust base plate 202. Multiple rows of parallel secondary cutting holes 2041 are provided on the bottom surface of these grooves, for the purpose of secondary crushing and preliminary collection of the ejected material. This is mainly because the occurrence of thermal runaway in individual battery cells 301 during actual use is uncertain. For example, if the battery cell 301 closest to the ejected material outlet 2022 experiences thermal runaway, it may skip all primary crushing mechanisms. In this case, the secondary crushing and collection box 204 plays a crucial crushing role.

[0092] Therefore, the secondary crushing and collection box 204 can ensure that all the ejected material from the thermal runaway of the battery cell 301 is effectively crushed. On the other hand, it can also ensure that, in most cases, the ejected material will be crushed a second time after the first crushing, thus improving the crushing effect.

[0093] In this embodiment, the relationship between the primary cutting hole 2031a and the secondary cutting hole 2041 simultaneously satisfies: L1 > L2, d1 > d2, ρ1 < ρ2;

[0094] in,

[0095] L1 is the length dimension of the primary cutting hole 2031a;

[0096] L2 is the length dimension of the secondary cutting hole 2041;

[0097] d1 is the width dimension of the first-stage cutting hole 2031a;

[0098] d2 is the width dimension of the secondary cutting hole 2041;

[0099] ρ1 represents the number of primary cutting holes 2031a contained in the cutting baffle 2031 per unit area;

[0100] ρ2 represents the number of secondary cutting holes 2041 contained in the secondary crushing and collecting box 204 per unit area on the perforated surface.

[0101] The above-mentioned size design is mainly based on the consideration that the area size of foreign objects such as lightweight copper foil in the high-temperature airflow will decrease after the first crushing. Therefore, the size of the secondary cutting hole 2041 is set to be smaller than that of the primary cutting hole 2031a, and the density of the secondary cutting hole 2041 is set to be larger than that of the primary cutting hole 2031a. This helps to ensure the effectiveness of the secondary cutting. At the same time, the increase in the density of the cutting holes can increase the effective area through which the thermal runaway airflow can pass while ensuring the cutting effect, thereby reducing the local air pressure of the thermal runaway airflow in the turning area and avoiding excessive local air pressure that could lead to an explosion.

[0102] See Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 A tertiary crushing and collecting box 205 is fixedly provided on the side of the secondary crushing and collecting box 204 away from the ejection flow channel 2012; wherein, the tertiary crushing and collecting box 205 is provided with a plurality of tertiary cutting holes 2051, and the tertiary cutting holes 2051 are connected to the battery compartment 101.

[0103] The third-stage crushing and collecting box 205 also has a box-shaped structure and is located directly below the second-stage crushing and collecting box 204. Its crushing principle and design are the same as those of the first and second stages. Optionally, if the fixed area of ​​the third-stage crushing and collecting box 205 overlaps with the flow channel, it can be brazed to the exhaust base plate 202; if the fixed area of ​​the third-stage crushing and collecting box 205 is a non-flow channel area, it can be fixed by riveting to the exhaust base plate 202.

[0104] Furthermore, the relationship between the secondary cutting hole 2041 and the tertiary cutting hole 2051 simultaneously satisfies: L2>L, d2>d, ρ2<ρ3;

[0105] in,

[0106] L2 is the length dimension of the secondary cutting hole 2041;

[0107] L is the length of the 2051 level three cutting hole;

[0108] d2 is the width dimension of the secondary cutting hole 2041;

[0109] d is the width dimension of the 2051 level three cutting hole;

[0110] ρ2 is the number of secondary cutting holes 2041 contained in the secondary crushing and collecting box 204 per unit area on the perforated surface;

[0111] ρ3 represents the number of three-stage cutting holes 2051 contained in the three-stage crushing and collecting box 205 per unit area on the perforated surface.

[0112] Through the above structural dimension design, it can be ensured that no matter what structural shape or posture the foreign objects in the thermal runaway airflow collide with the cutting holes at each level during the process of entering the cutting holes, they can be crushed. This ensures that the area size of all foreign objects flowing out of the cutting holes at each level is smaller than the area size of the cutting holes themselves, thus ensuring the effectiveness of cutting and crushing.

[0113] In addition, the three-stage crushing and collection box 205 differs from the first-stage crushing mechanism and the second-stage crushing and collection box 204 in that when foreign objects such as conductive copper foil in the jet gas pass through the three-stage cutting hole 2051, they will flow into the internal area of ​​the battery box 1.

[0114] Although the ejected material is crushed and collected multiple times and becomes smaller metal fragments, these metal fragments are eventually discharged directly into the internal area of ​​the battery box 1. When they accumulate between the electronic components on the circuit board, they can easily reduce the electrical safety distance and pose a certain risk of short circuit and arcing.

[0115] To prevent short circuits and arcing caused by metal fragments, the size of the three-stage cutting hole 2051 can be limited to prevent larger metal fragments from flowing out and causing electrical safety problems.

[0116] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the three-stage cutting hole 2051 simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: L_limit*λ>L0, L0=(L 2 +d 2 ) 1 / 2 ;

[0117] in,

[0118] L is the length of the 2051 level three cutting hole;

[0119] d is the width dimension of the 2051 level three cutting hole;

[0120] L0 is the diagonal length of the 2051 level 3 cutting hole; if it is rectangular, it is calculated according to the above formula; if it is circular, it is the diameter; if it is an irregular shape, it is the maximum diagonal length of the cross section.

[0121] L_limit is the minimum electrical safety creepage distance;

[0122] λ is the size correction factor, which is between 0.1 and 0.5.

[0123] The diagonal length of the three-stage cutting hole 2051 is limited mainly because when the metal fragments after the three-stage crushing are scattered in the battery compartment 101, they will be placed at an angle. Therefore, the maximum diagonal length of the metal fragments needs to be less than the electrical safety creepage distance to avoid short circuits between two adjacent electronic devices through the metal fragments. This is to meet the safety design requirements and prevent electrical short circuits and arcing caused by thermal runaway.

[0124] In this embodiment, the structural adhesive layer 6 between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the battery cell 301 has a clearance space corresponding to the position of the explosion-proof valve plate 3011 of the battery cell 301. A heat insulation pad 8 is provided in the clearance space, and the heat insulation pad 8 has a clearance hole 801 corresponding to the position of each explosion-proof valve plate 3011. Specifically, the width of the heat insulation pad 8 is smaller than the width of the battery cell 301 to avoid excessive obstruction of heat transfer between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 and the battery cell 301, which would affect the normal cooling and heat dissipation function of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 for the battery cell 301.

[0125] In this embodiment, the heat insulation pad 8 can be made of high-temperature resistant material, such as silicon-based + glass fiber ceramic material, which has a certain degree of flexibility, can withstand flame impact at temperatures above 1000°C, and has good insulation performance and a low thermal conductivity (less than 0.05W / mk).

[0126] When a single battery cell 301 experiences thermal runaway, flames and high-temperature gases are ejected from the explosion-proof valve plate 3011. On the one hand, since the heat insulation pad 8 can seal the gap between the battery cell 301 and the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2, it prevents the ejected material and flame from being ejected outward through the gap between the battery cell 301 and the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2, ensuring that the ejected material and flame directly enter the ejected material flow channel 2012 through the clearance hole 801, completely isolating it from other battery cells 301. On the other hand, the heat insulation pad 8 has a heat insulation function, preventing heat from being transferred laterally to other adjacent explosion-proof valve plates 3011.

[0127] The battery provided in this embodiment has a liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 that simultaneously functions as thermal runaway exhaust, cell heat dissipation, and ejected material fragmentation and collection, achieving the following beneficial effects:

[0128] 1) When some of the battery cells 301 experience thermal runaway, the ejected material inside the thermally runaway battery cell 301 breaks through the explosion-proof valve plate 3011 and enters the ejected material flow channel 2012. At this time, the cooling working medium in the working medium flow channel 2011 can not only cool down each battery cell 301, but also cool down the ejected material in the ejected material flow channel 2012, preventing the heat of the ejected material from spreading to other battery cells 301 and causing other battery cells 301 to experience thermal runaway, thereby preventing the occurrence of thermal spread.

[0129] 2) Multiple primary crushing mechanisms are arranged in the ejection material channel 2012. Through parallel cutting and staggered arrangement, the lightweight copper foil and other sheet materials in the ejection material are rapidly crushed under the premise of satisfying the airflow and not blocking it. At the same time, the heat exchange area between the airflow of the ejection material and the liquid-cooled exhaust component 2 is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency between the two is improved, which is conducive to further reducing the thermal runaway temperature.

[0130] 3) The secondary crushing and collection box 204 is a groove shape made by stamping the exhaust bottom plate 202. It is an integral structure with the exhaust bottom plate 202. Utilizing the large air pressure of the high-temperature airflow during thermal runaway, on the one hand, it further crushes the high-temperature ejected material in the thermal runaway ejection channel 2012, solving the problem that the random occurrence of the position of the thermal runaway battery cell 301 may lead to the inability to crush it due to the limited space of the structural size; on the other hand, it can realize the preliminary storage of the high-temperature conductive material after the primary crushing device, and alleviate the storage capacity of the tertiary crushing and collection mechanism.

[0131] 4) A three-stage crushing and collection box 205 is set on the outside of the ejection material channel 2012. At the same time, the size of the cutting hole is specially limited to achieve the three-stage crushing and collection of relatively small ejection material fragments flowing out of the two-stage crushing and collection box 204. Meanwhile, the high-temperature conductive sheet-like ejection material after passing through the three-stage crushing and collection box 205 and undergoing multiple crushings has a maximum size that is much smaller than the electrical safety design spacing. This solves the problem of short circuits and arcing caused by large pieces of ejection material scattering between the battery cell 301 and the box and electronic components during thermal runaway. This greatly improves the safety performance of the battery system during thermal runaway.

[0132] 5) The integrated design of the working fluid flow channel 2011 and the ejection flow channel 2012 enables the thermal management cooling system to be activated when thermal runaway is triggered, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the thermal runaway, rather than using only the single heat exchange path between the battery cell and the thermal management system during normal operation as in the existing technical solutions. This significantly reduces the risk of thermal runaway propagation caused by heat conduction.

[0133] 6) An ejection inlet 2021 is opened at the corresponding position of the exhaust base plate 202 and the explosion-proof valve plate 3011, and a heat insulation pad 8 made of high temperature resistant insulating material is used to seal and fill the shaped opening. This avoids the high temperature flame or airflow of a certain battery cell 301 from affecting the adjacent battery cell 301 when thermal runaway is triggered. At the same time, it ensures that the initial large piece of conductive material ejected from the explosion-proof valve plate 3011 when thermal runaway is triggered will not immediately overflow to other areas.

[0134] 7) The space occupied by the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 provided in this embodiment already requires a liquid cooling plate. By improving the existing liquid cooling plate into the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly 2 in this embodiment, it is not necessary to occupy more battery compartment 101. Therefore, while achieving the above technical effects, it is also possible to ensure that the energy density of the system is not reduced.

[0135] It should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0136] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled exhaust assembly, characterized in that, It includes a working fluid channel for cooling working fluid (2011) and an ejection material channel for ejection material (2012). The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2) includes: An exhaust top plate (201) is provided with the working fluid flow channel (2011) and the ejection flow channel (2012). An exhaust base plate (202) is fitted to the exhaust top plate (201); The exhaust base plate (202) is provided with a plurality of ejection material inlets (2021) connected to the ejection material channel (2012), and an ejection material outlet (2022) located at the end of the ejection material channel (2012) and connected to the ejection material channel (2012). The ejection material channel (2012) is equipped with a plurality of primary crushing mechanisms arranged along the length of the ejection material channel (2012); The primary crushing mechanism includes several cutting baffles (2031) arranged at intervals along the width direction of the ejection flow channel (2012), and the cutting baffles (2031) are provided with several primary cutting holes (2031a).

2. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting baffles (2031) in two adjacent primary crushing mechanisms are staggered.

3. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, A box-shaped secondary crushing and collecting box (204) is fixed at the position of the ejected material outlet (2022); wherein the secondary crushing and collecting box (204) is provided with a plurality of secondary cutting holes (2041). A third-stage crushing and collecting box (205) is fixedly provided on the side of the secondary crushing and collecting box (204) away from the ejection flow channel (2012); wherein the third-stage crushing and collecting box (205) is provided with a plurality of third-stage cutting holes (2051).

4. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The relationships between the first-level cutting hole (2031a), the second-level cutting hole (2041), and the third-level cutting hole (2051) simultaneously satisfy: L1>L2>L, d1>d2>d, ρ1<ρ2<ρ3; in, L1 is the length dimension of the primary cutting hole (2031a); L2 is the length dimension of the secondary cutting hole (2041); L is the length of the third-stage cutting hole (2051); d1 is the width dimension of the primary cutting hole (2031a); d2 is the width dimension of the secondary cutting hole (2041); d is the width dimension of the third-level cutting hole (2051); ρ1 represents the number of primary cutting holes (2031a) contained in a unit area cutting baffle (2031); ρ2 is the number of secondary cutting holes (2041) contained in the secondary crushing and collecting box (204) per unit area on the perforated surface; ρ3 is the number of three-stage cutting holes (2051) contained in a unit area of ​​a three-stage crushing and collecting box (205) on the perforated surface.

5. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dimensions of the level 3 cut hole (2051) simultaneously satisfy the following conditions: L_limit*λ>L0, L0=(L 2 +d 2 ) 1 / 2 ; in, L is the length of the third-stage cutting hole (2051); d is the width dimension of the third-level cutting hole (2051); L0 is the diagonal length of the third-level cutting hole (2051); L_limit is the minimum electrical safety creepage distance; λ is the size correction factor, which is between 0.1 and 0.

5.

6. The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluid channel (2011) is arranged to surround the ejection fluid channel (2012).

7. A battery, characterized in that, Includes a battery box (1), the battery box (1) having a battery compartment (101), the battery compartment (101) having: The liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2) according to any one of claims 1-6; A number of battery cells (301) are provided with explosion-proof valve plates (3011) at the position of the ejection flow channel (2012) of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2). Liquid cooling assembly (4), the liquid cooling assembly (4) is located on the side of each of the battery cells (301) away from the liquid cooling exhaust assembly (2); The liquid inlet and outlet pipe assembly (5) is connected to the liquid inlet and outlet pipe assembly (5), the working fluid flow channel (2011) of the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2) and the liquid cooling assembly (4). The structural adhesive layer (6) is provided between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2) and the battery cell (301), and between the liquid-cooled assembly (4) and the battery cell (301).

8. The battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The structural adhesive layer (6) between the liquid-cooled exhaust assembly (2) and the battery cell (301) is provided with a clearance space at the position of the explosion-proof valve plate (3011) of the battery cell (301). The clearance space is provided with a heat insulation pad (8). The heat insulation pad (8) is provided with a clearance hole (801) at the position of each explosion-proof valve plate (3011).

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