Rainwater harvesting system and clogging reduction irrigation decision method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a rainwater harvesting system and its clogging-reducing irrigation decision-making method. The rainwater harvesting system includes a rainwater collection system, a rainwater storage and irrigation device, and a clogging-reducing irrigation decision-making system. The rainwater storage and irrigation device has irrigation outlets at different depths within its main body. The clogging-reducing irrigation decision-making system is located above the rainwater storage and irrigation device and includes a flow velocity sensor and a floating liquid level sensor. The flow velocity sensor is located at several irrigation outlets to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow velocity at different outlets. The floating liquid level sensor enables real-time and accurate monitoring of the liquid level and sediment thickness within the inner cavity. By employing sediment dynamics methods, the system reduces the entry of sediment and soil particles into the rainwater harvesting and irrigation system, thus achieving clogging-reducing irrigation. This invention alleviates the physical and chemical clogging problems existing in current rainwater harvesting and irrigation systems, reduces the impact of salinity on dryland crop growth and changes in soil permeability, achieves efficient irrigation through the rainwater harvesting and irrigation system, and improves irrigation water use efficiency and crop yield and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, specifically a rainwater harvesting system and its clogging-reducing irrigation decision-making method. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion and drought in arid and semi-arid regions such as the Loess Plateau have constrained agricultural development. Gradually, rainwater harvesting and irrigation technology has been continuously developed, which can overcome uneven rainfall distribution, alleviate water shortages, and maximize the utilization rate of rainwater resources by collecting, storing and irrigating agricultural water.

[0003] However, the salt damage caused by pollutants during the rainwater harvesting and irrigation process affects crop growth, alters soil permeability, and causes blockages in the rainwater harvesting and irrigation system and emitters due to impurities such as silt and soil particles, resulting in low water use efficiency, increased operating costs of emitters, and reduced lifespan.

[0004] Rainwater harvesting carries pollutants and soil particles from the surrounding environment, causing severe siltation in PE storage media and significantly impacting normal irrigation. Therefore, reducing siltation and blockage issues in rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation technologies, and improving crop growth and soil quality, is of paramount importance in the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology.

[0005] Currently, the state has proposed high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin and the vigorous development of rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation technologies in the Loess Plateau. Against this backdrop, rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation can be maximized. Reducing clogging in rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation systems, improving crop growth and soil quality, and enhancing water use efficiency are crucial for efficient irrigation. However, current rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation systems lack clogging reduction devices and methods; only some have sedimentation tanks, and their application effects are generally limited. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a rainwater harvesting system and its anti-clogging irrigation decision-making method. This system reduces sedimentation in the storage medium during rainwater harvesting and minimizes the entry of pollutants and fine particles into the system and irrigation emitters during irrigation, thereby reducing chemical and physical blockages, improving crop and soil quality, and promoting the development of rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation technology.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A rainwater harvesting system includes a rainwater collection system for collecting rainwater, a rainwater storage and irrigation device for storing and irrigating rainwater, and a congestion-reducing irrigation decision system;

[0009] The rainwater storage and irrigation device has irrigation outlets at different depths in its main body cavity. The anti-clogging irrigation decision system is located above the rainwater storage and irrigation device and includes a flow rate sensor, a floating liquid level sensor, and a LoRa gateway controller.

[0010] The flow velocity sensors are located at several irrigation outlets to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow velocity at irrigation outlets at different depths. The floating liquid level sensor is located in the inner cavity of the main body of the rainwater storage irrigation device to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of the liquid level and sediment thickness in the inner cavity. The dynamic decision-making method for reducing clogging irrigation obtained through sediment dynamics reduces the entry of sediment and soil particles into the rainwater collection and supplementary irrigation system, thereby achieving clogging-reducing irrigation.

[0011] Furthermore, the rainwater collection system includes a rainwater collection surface, a rainwater collection corridor, a sediment buffer zone, and a debris barrier. The rainwater collection corridor is located at the lower end of the rainwater collection surface, the debris barrier is vertically installed inside the rainwater collection corridor, and the sediment buffer zone is located below the debris barrier. Raindrops flow from the rainwater collection surface into the rainwater collection corridor, are filtered by the debris barrier, and then enter the sediment buffer zone, where large particles of sediment are initially settled, achieving primary rainwater collection and decongestion.

[0012] Furthermore, the rainwater storage and irrigation device includes a PE storage medium, an inspection and cleaning outlet, and a rainwater inlet. The rainwater collected by the rainwater collection system enters the inner cavity of the PE storage medium through the rainwater inlet to achieve storage and irrigation.

[0013] The PE storage medium is equipped with corresponding irrigation outlets at different depths, and each irrigation outlet is connected to a pipe located outside the PE storage medium and is equipped with an irrigation solenoid valve. The pipes of each irrigation outlet flow out to the field through the main outlet pipe.

[0014] Each irrigation outlet pipe is equipped with a check valve to prevent backflow during irrigation at different heights, and a booster pump is installed on the main outlet pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the rainwater harvesting and irrigation system also includes a pollutant removal system, which is located between the rainwater harvesting system and the rainwater storage and irrigation device, and is used to remove salt and pollutants;

[0016] The pollutant removal system includes an inlet pipe, a drain pipe located below the inlet pipe, and a drain solenoid valve installed on the drain pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the decision-making and control steps employed by the pollutant removal system are as follows:

[0018] S1. When rainfall occurs, the solenoid valve of the sewage pipe is in the open state;

[0019] S2. Based on the principle that precipitation intensity alters the ability of soil sediment to move with water, a formula for determining rainwater erosion capacity is constructed using real-time precipitation intensity data to make informed decisions.

[0020]

[0021] In the formula: K is the rainfall intensity coefficient, with a value ranging from 0 to 1; ω is the particle settling velocity; R is the particle radius; a, b, and c are dynamic variation coefficients; and Q is the rainfall intensity.

[0022] S3. When the rainfall intensity level is 1 hour, the solenoid valve of the sewage pipe is closed, and the rainwater enters the PE storage medium.

[0023] S4. When the rainfall intensity level is medium or high, the solenoid valve of the sewage pipe opens and closes after 15 minutes, allowing rainwater to enter the PE storage medium.

[0024] S5. When the rainfall intensity level is extremely high, the solenoid valve of the sewage pipe is always open, and rainwater is discharged from the sewage pipe.

[0025] S6, based on S1-S5, achieves the removal of salt, pollutants, and silt.

[0026] Furthermore, the floating liquid level sensor is located in the inner cavity of the PE storage medium and placed in the vertical moving frame of the floating liquid level sensor. The floating liquid level sensor is used to measure the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom and the height h2 of the liquid surface from the sludge surface in the PE storage medium, and the sludge height is obtained according to h1-h2.

[0027] The LoRa gateway controller connects to a floating liquid level sensor and a flow rate sensor, which are fixed to the outside of the PE storage medium, and transmits the data to the anti-blockage irrigation decision system in real time.

[0028] Furthermore, a photovoltaic power system is installed above the rainwater storage and irrigation device. Through photovoltaic power generation and battery energy storage, it provides power to the congestion reduction irrigation decision system, the rainwater storage and irrigation device, and the pollutant removal system to make decisions.

[0029] A decision-making method for reducing congestion in irrigation, applied to the aforementioned water storage system, is as follows:

[0030] S7, Based on irrigation outlet flow velocity V i The height h of the irrigation outlet from the siltation surface is H. i -(h1-h2) determines the real-time irrigation outlet velocity V i Is it greater than the starting speed V of the silt soil? f Ascent speed V c ;

[0031] S8. When the judgment is Yes, the anti-congestion irrigation decision system shuts down V. i Irrigation solenoid valve, open V i+1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i+1 If the decision system still satisfies the "Yes" condition, it indicates severe siltation or excessive irrigation flow, posing a risk, and the irrigation system should be shut down.

[0032] S9. When the judgment is No, the anti-blockage irrigation decision system shuts down V. i Irrigation solenoid valve, open V i-1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i-1 If the decision system still meets the No. criteria, it indicates that the siltation is relatively clear or the irrigation flow is small, and there is no irrigation risk.

[0033] S10. When the irrigation liquid level is below 0.4H, the irrigation system is shut down. During the irrigation process, the irrigation outlet solenoid valve is opened and closed alternately according to the decision Yes or No, thereby realizing the decision to reduce blockage during irrigation.

[0034] Furthermore, the irrigation outlets are located at 0.4H, 0.6H, and 0.8H within the PE storage medium, respectively. The dynamic decision-making method for de-clogging irrigation includes the following steps:

[0035] S11, based on irrigation outlet flow velocity V 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Eight parameters are used to make decisions on reducing blockages in irrigation: PE storage medium siltation degree h1-h2, liquid level height from bottom h1, liquid level height from siltation surface h2, irrigation silt particles D, and particle settling velocity ω.

[0036] S12, the LoRa gateway controller implements H, h1, h2, and flow rate V. 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Real-time data monitoring, transmission, and control;

[0037] S13. Send irrigation commands through the LoRa gateway controller, and the congestion reduction irrigation decision system starts running and makes decisions;

[0038] S14. Real-time transmission and acquisition of data including the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom, the height h2 of the liquid surface from the siltation surface, and the siltation height h1-h2;

[0039] S15. If h1 > 0.4H and h2 > 0.2H, irrigation can be carried out. The solenoid valve opens and the booster pump starts working at the same time.

[0040] S16. The flow velocity sensor located at 0.4H uploads the real-time flow velocity from the 0.4H irrigation outlet location page. When the flow velocity is greater than the flow velocity required for soil sediment particle size suspension, the solenoid valve at the 0.4H irrigation outlet closes.

[0041] S17. At this time, the solenoid valve at the 0.6H irrigation outlet is opened, and the flow rate sensor at 0.6H uploads the real-time flow rate of the liquid surface at the 0.6H irrigation outlet. When the flow rate at the 0.6H water depth is greater than the flow rate at which the soil sediment particle size suspension is activated, the solenoid valve at the 0.6H irrigation outlet is closed. At this time, all solenoid valves are in the closed state.

[0042] S18. At this time, the solenoid valve at the 0.8H irrigation outlet opens, and the flow velocity sensor at 0.8H uploads the real-time flow velocity of the liquid surface at the 0.8H irrigation outlet. When the flow velocity at the 0.8H water depth is greater than the flow velocity required for the suspension of soil sediment particles at that location, the solenoid valve at the 0.8H irrigation outlet closes. At this time, all solenoid valves are in the closed state.

[0043] Furthermore, the ascent speed V c Startup speed V f The formula is:

[0044]

[0045] V f =0.812D 0.4 ω 0.2 h 0.2

[0046] In the formula: D, ε, ω, and h represent the particle diameter, porosity, particle settling velocity, and height of the irrigation outlet from the siltation surface, respectively. i -(h1-h2).

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0048] 1. The anti-clogging irrigation device of the present invention reduces the amount of soil silt particles entering the rainwater storage system from the rainwater collection source to the rainwater storage system. During the irrigation process, the anti-clogging irrigation decision method and system reduce the amount of fine particles entering the irrigation system and the water emitter, which can effectively reduce the clogging problem in rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation technology.

[0049] 2. The pollutant removal system of the present invention effectively reduces the entry of pollutants such as salt into the rainwater storage system during the rainwater collection process, and further reduces the impact of salt on crop growth and soil permeability during irrigation;

[0050] In summary, this invention alleviates the physical and chemical blockage problems existing in current rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation, while reducing the impact of salt on dryland growth and the problem of changes in soil permeability. It achieves efficient irrigation of the rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation system and the irrigator, improves irrigation water use efficiency and crop yield and quality, and promotes the further promotion and application of rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 A front view of the device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the interior of a rainwater storage and irrigation device;

[0054] Figure 4 A flowchart of the contaminant removal system workflow;

[0055] Figure 5 Diagram of decision-making methods for congestion-reducing irrigation;

[0056] Figure 6 Diagram of the decision system for the congestion-reducing irrigation model;

[0057] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Rainwater collection system; 1-0. Rainwater collection surface; 1-1. Raindrop; 1-2. Rainwater collection channel; 1-3. Sediment buffer zone; 1-4. Sewage barrier; 2. Rainwater storage and irrigation device; 2-0. PE storage medium; 2-1. Inspection and cleaning outlet; 2-2. 0.8H irrigation solenoid valve; 2-3. 0.6H irrigation solenoid valve; 2-4. 0.4H irrigation solenoid valve; 2-5. Check valve; 2-6. Booster pump; 2-7. Field; 2-8. Rainwater inlet; 3. Pollutant removal system; 3-0. Inlet pipe; 3-1. Sewage pipe; 3-2. Sewage pipe solenoid valve; 4. Anti-clogging irrigation decision system; 4-1. Wiring harness; 4-2. Flow velocity sensor; 4-3. Flow velocity sensor wiring harness; 4-4. Floating liquid level sensor; 4-5. Floating liquid level sensor wiring harness; 4-6. Floating liquid level sensor vertical moving frame; 4-7. Rainwater; 4-8. Liquid surface; 4-9. Sediment; 4-10. Siltation surface; 5. Photovoltaic power system. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a rainwater harvesting system includes: a rainwater collection system 1, a rainwater storage and irrigation device 2, a pollutant removal system 3, a congestion reduction irrigation decision system 4, and a photovoltaic power system 5;

[0061] The rainwater harvesting system 1 collects rainwater through precipitation, a collection surface 1-0, a flow pipe, and a sediment buffer zone 1-3. The rainwater storage device 2 stores and irrigates rainwater through a rainwater inlet 2-8, an irrigation outlet, a solenoid valve, and a PE storage medium 2-0. The pollutant removal system 3 removes and intercepts sediment, salt, branches, and weeds through a sewage pipe 3-1, a debris barrier, and rainfall meteorological data. The blockage-reducing irrigation decision system 4 includes a flow velocity sensor 4-2, a floating liquid level sensor 4-4, and a LoRa gateway controller. It uses sediment dynamics to reduce the amount of sediment and soil particles entering the rainwater harvesting and irrigation system, thereby achieving blockage-reducing irrigation.

[0062] The photovoltaic power system 5 provides power to the solenoid valves in the rainwater collection system 4, rainwater storage irrigation device 2, and pollutant removal system 3; it can alleviate the physical and chemical blockage problems in rainwater collection and supplementary irrigation, reduce the impact of salt on soil permeability for crop growth, and achieve efficient irrigation of the rainwater collection and supplementary irrigation system and the sprinkler.

[0063] The rainwater collection system consists of a rainwater collection surface 1-0, raindrops 1-1, a rainwater collection corridor 1-2, a sediment buffer zone 1-3, and a debris barrier 1-4. The rainwater collection surface 1-0 is used to collect raindrops 1-1 into the rainwater collection corridor 1-2. The sediment buffer zone 1-3 is used to settle large particles of sediment. The debris barrier 1-4 is used to intercept impurities such as leaves in the rainwater, thus achieving primary rainwater collection and decongestion.

[0064] As an option, the rainwater collection surface 1-0 is made of a rigid material that meets the specific environment, such as concrete or polyethylene; the rainwater collection corridor 1-2 can be set into different shapes according to the specific space size, such as "S", "maze channel", or "I" shape; the sediment buffer zone 1-3 can be set into different sizes and shapes according to the specific environment. In this embodiment, the rainwater collection surface 1-0 is made of concrete, with an "I" shaped water collection corridor and a small rectangular sediment buffer zone.

[0065] The rainwater storage and irrigation device 2 consists of a PE storage medium 2-0, a maintenance and cleaning port 2-1, a 0.8H irrigation solenoid valve 2-2, a 0.6H irrigation solenoid valve 2-3, a 0.4H irrigation solenoid valve 2-4, a check valve 2-5, a booster pump 2-6, and a rainwater inlet 2-8. The rainwater collected by the rainwater collection system 1 enters the PE storage medium 2-0 through the rainwater inlet 2-8 to achieve storage and irrigation. The maintenance and cleaning port 2-1 facilitates the cleaning of silt and the installation of the maintenance and anti-clogging irrigation decision system 4.

[0066] The 0.8H irrigation solenoid valve 2-2, 0.6H irrigation solenoid valve 2-3, and 0.4H irrigation solenoid valve 2-4 control the opening and closing of the irrigation outlets at 0.4H, 0.6H, and 0.8H of the PE storage medium, respectively, to adapt to clogging-reducing irrigation under different siltation heights and soil particle diameters.

[0067] Furthermore, the check valve 2-5 effectively prevents backflow during irrigation at different heights, and the booster pump 2-6 can achieve irrigation under different pressure conditions.

[0068] The pollutant removal system 3 is Y-shaped and includes an inlet pipe 3-0 and a drain pipe 3-1. A drain pipe solenoid valve 3-2 is installed on the drain pipe 3-0 to control the collection of rainwater into the PE storage medium.

[0069] Furthermore, the pollutant removal system determines the intensity of rainfall based on meteorological data and discharges rainwater carrying pollutants from the sewage pipe 3-1, thus removing rainwater pollutants. After a certain period of time, the solenoid valve 3-2 of the sewage pipe closes, and the rainwater enters the PE storage medium 2-0.

[0070] The decision-making and control steps of the pollutant removal system are as follows:

[0071] S1. When rainfall occurs, the solenoid valve 3-2 of the sewage pipe is in the open state;

[0072] S2. Based on the principle that precipitation intensity alters the ability of soil sediment to move with water, a formula for determining rainwater erosion capacity is constructed using real-time precipitation intensity data to make informed decisions.

[0073]

[0074] In the formula: K is the rainfall intensity coefficient, with a value range of (0, 1); ω is the particle settling velocity; R is the particle radius; a, b, and c are dynamic variation coefficients; and Q is the rainfall intensity.

[0075] S3. When the level is "small", the solenoid valve 3-2 of the sewage pipe is closed, and rainwater enters the PE storage medium 2-1.

[0076] S4. When the rainfall intensity level is "medium" or "high", the solenoid valve 3-2 of the sewage pipe opens and closes after 15 minutes, and the rainwater enters the PE storage medium 2-0.

[0077] S5. When the rainfall intensity level is "extremely high", the solenoid valve 3-2 of the sewage pipe is always open, and rainwater is discharged from the sewage pipe 3-1.

[0078] S6, based on S1-S5, achieves the removal of salt, pollutants, and silt.

[0079] The clogging reduction irrigation decision system 4 is located on the upper part of the PE storage medium 2-1, and consists of a wire harness tube 4-1, a flow velocity sensor 4-2, a flow velocity sensor wire harness 4-3, a floating liquid level sensor 4-4, a floating liquid level sensor wire harness 4-5, a floating liquid level sensor vertical moving frame 4-6, rainwater 4-7, liquid surface 4-8, silt 4-9, and sedimentation surface 4-10.

[0080] A floating liquid level sensor 4-4 is placed in the vertical moving frame 4-6 of the floating liquid level sensor to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of liquid level and sediment thickness. Flow velocity sensors 4-2 are located at the irrigation outlets at 0.4H, 0.6H, and 0.8H respectively to achieve H... 0.4 H 0.6 H 0.8 Real-time monitoring of the flow rate at the deep irrigation outlet; the LoRa gateway controller is fixed outside the PE storage medium; the data is transmitted in real time to the anti-blockage irrigation decision system 4; based on the characteristics of sediment movement, the system reduces the amount of sediment and soil particles entering the rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation system, thereby realizing anti-blockage irrigation decision-making.

[0081] Furthermore, the floating liquid level sensor 4-4 is used to measure the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom and the height h2 of the liquid surface from the siltation surface in the PE storage medium, and the siltation height is obtained based on h1-h2.

[0082] Based on the particle initiation and buoyancy characteristics, according to V f The buoyancy V was calculated from the data of D and ω. c Startup speed V f The system determines whether the particles in the PE storage medium 2-1 will start to float, and ultimately makes a decision.

[0083] The decision-making method for reducing congestion in irrigation is as follows:

[0084] S7, Based on irrigation outlet flow velocity V i The height h of the irrigation outlet from the siltation surface is H. i -(h1-h2) determines the real-time irrigation outlet velocity V i Is it greater than the starting speed C of the silt soil? f The buoyancy is V2.

[0085] S8. When the judgment is Yes, the anti-congestion irrigation decision system shuts down V. i Irrigation solenoid valve, open V i+1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i+1 If the decision system still satisfies the "Yes" condition, it indicates severe siltation or excessive irrigation flow, posing a risk, and the irrigation system should be shut down.

[0086] S9. When the judgment is No, the anti-blockage irrigation decision system shuts down V. i Irrigation solenoid valve, open V i-1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i-1 If the decision system still meets the No. criteria, it indicates that the siltation is relatively clear or the irrigation flow is small, and there is no irrigation risk.

[0087] S10. When the irrigation liquid level is below 0.4H, the irrigation system is shut down. During irrigation, the irrigation outlet solenoid valve is alternately opened and closed based on the decision "Yes" or "No", thereby achieving anti-clogging irrigation decision-making.

[0088] This invention provides a dynamic decision-making process for reducing congestion in irrigation, as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0089] S11, based on irrigation outlet flow velocity V 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Eight parameters are used to make decisions on reducing blockages in irrigation: PE storage medium siltation degree h1-h2, liquid surface height from bottom h1, liquid surface height from siltation surface h2, irrigated silt particles D, and particle settling velocity ω. The particle diameter D and particle settling velocity ω are shown in the table below.

[0090]

[0091] S12, the LoRa gateway controller connects the liquid level flotation sensor and the flow velocity sensor to realize H, h1, h2, and flow velocity V. 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Real-time data monitoring, transmission, and control;

[0092] S13. Send irrigation commands through the LoRa gateway controller, and the congestion reduction irrigation decision system 4 starts running and makes decisions;

[0093] S14. Real-time transmission and acquisition of data including the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom, the height h2 of the liquid surface from the siltation surface, and the siltation height h1-h2;

[0094] S15. If h1 > 0.4H and h2 > 0.2H, irrigation can be carried out. Solenoid valve 2-4 is opened, and booster pump 2-6 is started at the same time.

[0095] The flow velocity sensor 4-2 of S16 and 0.4H uploads the real-time flow velocity of the 0.4H irrigation outlet location page. When the flow velocity is greater than the flow velocity required for soil sediment particle size suspension, the 0.4H irrigation outlet is closed.

[0096] S17. At this time, the solenoid valve 2-3 of the 0.6H irrigation outlet is opened, and the flow rate sensor 4-2 of 0.6H uploads the real-time flow rate of the liquid surface at the 0.6H irrigation outlet. When the flow rate at the deep water of 0.6H is greater than the flow rate required for the suspension of soil and sediment particles at that location, the solenoid valve 2-3 of the 0.6H irrigation outlet is closed. At this time, both solenoid valves 2-3 and 2-4 are in the closed state.

[0097] S18. At this time, the solenoid valve 2-2 of the 0.8H irrigation outlet is opened, and the flow rate sensor 4-2 of 0.8H uploads the real-time flow rate of the liquid surface at the 0.8H irrigation outlet. When the flow rate at the deep water of 0.8H is greater than the flow rate required for the suspension of soil and sediment particles at that location, the solenoid valve 2-3 of the 0.8H irrigation outlet is closed. At this time, both solenoid valves 2-3 and 2-4 are in the closed state.

[0098] The dynamic decision-making process for congestion-reducing irrigation described in steps S11-18 is implemented using sediment dynamics, with the irrigation outlet flow velocity V... 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Irrigation can be started and stopped based on the buoyancy V. c Startup speed V f Formula calculation implementation:

[0099]

[0100] V f =0.812D 0.4 ω 0.2 h 0.2

[0101] In the formula: D, ε, ω, and h are the particle diameter (0.001-0.05 mm), porosity (0.4), and particle settling velocity, respectively. The height of the irrigation outlet from the siltation surface is h = H. i -(h1-h2).

[0102] The photovoltaic power system is located above the rainwater storage and irrigation device. It generates electricity through photovoltaic power and stores electrical energy in the battery to provide power for the decision-making of the congestion reduction irrigation system, the rainwater collection system, the rainwater storage and irrigation device, and the pollutant removal system.

[0103] Example 2:

[0104] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, for irrigation scenarios, the rainwater harvesting system is changed to road surface rainwater harvesting, roof rainwater harvesting, and other application scenarios. At the same time, the photovoltaic power generation system is replaced with conventional power supply. In various scenarios, it can realize the decision to reduce congestion during irrigation. The rest of the settings are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0105] Example 3:

[0106] Based on Example 1, this embodiment reduces the photovoltaic power generation system and booster pump, replaces the solenoid valve with a ball valve, and uses gravity flow for low-pressure irrigation such as microporous ceramic irrigators, reducing system construction and maintenance costs. At the same time, it further reduces the starting and floating of particles, reducing the risk of particles entering the irrigation system and irrigators.

[0107] Example 4:

[0108] Based on Examples 1, 2, and 3, this embodiment uses storage media of different volumes or materials and installs flow rate sensors of different heights and numbers according to irrigation needs, which can be adapted to the needs of different irrigation application scenarios.

[0109] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dynamic decision-making method for irrigation based on rainwater harvesting and storage systems, characterized in that: The rainwater harvesting system includes a rainwater collection system (1) for collecting rainwater, a rainwater storage and irrigation device (2) for storing and irrigating rainwater, and a rainwater reduction and irrigation decision system (4). The rainwater storage irrigation device (2) has irrigation outlets at different depths in its main body cavity. The anti-blockage irrigation decision system (4) is located above the rainwater storage irrigation device (2). The anti-blockage irrigation decision system (4) includes a flow rate sensor (4-2), a floating liquid level sensor (4-4), and a LoRa gateway controller. The flow velocity sensors (4-2) are located at several irrigation outlets to realize real-time monitoring of the flow velocity at different depths of irrigation outlets. The rainwater storage irrigation device (2) includes a PE storage medium (2-0). The PE storage medium (2-0) is provided with corresponding irrigation outlets at different depths. Each irrigation outlet is connected to a pipe located outside the PE storage medium (2-0) and is also equipped with an irrigation solenoid valve. The pipes of each irrigation outlet flow out to the field (2-7) through the main outlet pipe. The floating liquid level sensor (4-4) is located in the inner cavity of the PE storage medium (2-0) and placed in the vertical moving frame (4-6) of the floating liquid level sensor. The floating liquid level sensor (4-4) is used to measure the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom and the height h2 of the liquid surface from the siltation surface in the PE storage medium. The siltation height is obtained according to h1-h2. The LoRa gateway controller connects the floating liquid level sensor (4-4) and the flow velocity sensor. It is fixed outside the PE storage medium and transmits the data to the anti-blockage irrigation decision system (4) in real time. The dynamic decision-making method for clogging-reducing irrigation based on the aforementioned rainwater harvesting system comprises the following steps: Step 1: Based on the irrigation outlet flow velocity V i The height of the irrigation outlet from the siltation surface is h = H i - (h1-h2) Determine the real-time irrigation outlet velocity V i Is it greater than the starting speed of the silt soil? V f Ascent speed V c ; Step 2: When the judgment is Yes, the congestion reduction irrigation decision system shuts down V. i The irrigation solenoid valve is opened (V). i+1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i+1 If the decision system still satisfies the "Yes" condition, it indicates severe siltation or excessive irrigation flow, posing a risk, and the irrigation system should be shut down. Step 3: When the judgment is "No", the congestion reduction irrigation decision system shuts down V. i The irrigation solenoid valve is opened (V). i-1 Irrigation solenoid valve, when V i-1 If the decision system still meets the No. criteria, it indicates that the siltation is relatively clear or the irrigation flow is small, and there is no irrigation risk. Step 4: When the irrigation liquid level is below 0.4H, the irrigation system is shut down. During the irrigation process, the irrigation outlet solenoid valve is alternately opened and closed according to the decision Yes or No, thereby realizing the decision to reduce blockage during irrigation. The rainwater collection and supplementary irrigation system also includes a pollutant removal system (3), which is located between the rainwater collection system (1) and the rainwater storage irrigation device (2) and is used to remove salt and pollutants. The pollutant removal system (3) includes an inlet pipe (3-0) and a sewage pipe (3-1) located below the inlet pipe (3-0). A sewage pipe solenoid valve (3-2) is installed on the sewage pipe (3-1). The decision control steps adopted by the pollutant removal system (3) are as follows: S1. When rainfall occurs, the solenoid valve (3-2) of the sewage pipe is in the open state; S2. Based on the fact that precipitation intensity changes the ability of soil sediment to move with water, a formula for judging rainwater erosion capacity is constructed based on real-time precipitation intensity data: In the formula: K is the rainfall intensity coefficient, with a value ranging from 0 to 1; ω is the particle settling velocity. R Let be the particle radius, and a, b, and c be dynamic variation coefficients. Q Precipitation intensity; S3. When the rainfall intensity level is 1 hour, the solenoid valve (3-2) of the sewage pipe is closed, and the rainwater enters the PE storage medium (2-0); S4. When the rainfall intensity level is medium or high, the solenoid valve (3-2) of the sewage pipe opens and closes after 15 minutes, and the rainwater enters the PE storage medium (2-0). S5. When the rainfall intensity level is extremely high, the solenoid valve (3-2) of the sewage pipe is always open, and rainwater is discharged from the sewage pipe (3-1). S6, based on S1-S5, removes salt, pollutants, and silt.

2. The dynamic decision-making method for congestion-reducing irrigation based on a rainwater harvesting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainwater collection system (1) includes a rainwater collection surface (1-0), a rainwater collection corridor (1-2), a sediment buffer zone (1-3), and a debris barrier (1-4). The rainwater collection corridor (1-2) is located at the lower end of the rainwater collection surface (1-0). The debris barrier (1-4) is vertically installed in the rainwater collection corridor (1-2). The sediment buffer zone (1-3) is located below the debris barrier (1-4). Raindrops (1-1) flow into the rainwater collection corridor (1-2) through the rainwater collection surface (1-0), filter debris through the debris barrier (1-4), and then enter the sediment buffer zone (1-3) to initially settle large particles of sediment, thus achieving primary rainwater collection and decongestion.

3. The dynamic decision-making method for congestion-reducing irrigation based on a rainwater harvesting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainwater storage irrigation device (2) includes a PE storage medium (2-0), a maintenance and cleaning port (2-1), and a rainwater inlet (2-8). The rainwater collected by the rainwater collection system (1) enters the inner cavity of the PE storage medium (2-0) through the rainwater inlet (2-8) to achieve storage irrigation. The PE storage medium (2-0) is equipped with corresponding irrigation outlets at different depths, and each irrigation outlet is connected to an irrigation solenoid valve on a pipe located outside the PE storage medium (2-0). The pipes of each irrigation outlet flow out to the field (2-7) through the main outlet pipe. Each irrigation outlet pipe is also equipped with a check valve (2-5) to prevent backflow during irrigation at different heights, and a booster pump (2-6) is also installed on the main outlet pipe.

4. The dynamic decision-making method for clogging-reducing irrigation based on a rainwater harvesting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A photovoltaic power system (5) is also installed above the rainwater storage irrigation device (2). Through photovoltaic power generation, the battery collects and stores electrical energy to provide power for the congestion reduction irrigation decision system (4), the rainwater storage irrigation device (2), and the pollutant removal system (3) to realize decision-making.

5. The dynamic decision-making method for clogging-reducing irrigation based on a rainwater harvesting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation outlets are located at 0.4H, 0.6H, and 0.8H within the PE storage medium (2-0), respectively. The dynamic decision-making method for reducing clogging irrigation specifically includes the following steps: S11, based on irrigation outlet flow velocity V 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Eight parameters are used to make decisions on reducing blockages in irrigation: PE storage medium siltation degree h1-h2, liquid level height from bottom h1, liquid level height from siltation surface h2, irrigation silt particles D, and particle settling velocity ω. S12, the LoRa gateway controller implements H, h1, h2, and flow rate V. 0.4H V 0.6H V 0.8H Real-time data monitoring, transmission, and control; S13. Send irrigation commands through the LoRa gateway controller, and the congestion reduction irrigation decision system starts running and makes decisions; S14. Real-time transmission and acquisition of data including the height h1 of the liquid surface from the bottom, the height h2 of the liquid surface from the siltation surface, and the siltation height h1-h2; S15. If h1 > 0.4H and h2 > 0.2H, irrigation will be carried out, the solenoid valve will open, and the booster pump will start working at the same time. S16. The flow velocity sensor located at 0.4H uploads the real-time flow velocity from the 0.4H irrigation outlet location page. When the flow velocity is greater than the flow velocity required for soil sediment particle size suspension, the solenoid valve at the 0.4H irrigation outlet closes. S17. At this time, the solenoid valve at the 0.6H irrigation outlet is opened, and the flow rate sensor at 0.6H uploads the real-time flow rate of the liquid surface at the 0.6H irrigation outlet. When the flow rate at the 0.6H water depth is greater than the flow rate at which the soil sediment particle size suspension is activated, the solenoid valve at the 0.6H irrigation outlet is closed. At this time, all solenoid valves are in the closed state. S18. At this time, the solenoid valve at the 0.8H irrigation outlet is opened, and the flow velocity sensor at 0.8H uploads the real-time flow velocity of the liquid surface at the 0.8H irrigation outlet. When the flow velocity at the 0.8H water depth is greater than the flow velocity required for the suspension of soil sediment particles at that location, the solenoid valve (2-3) at the 0.8H irrigation outlet is closed. At this time, all solenoid valves are in the closed state.

6. The dynamic decision-making method for clogging-reducing irrigation based on a rainwater harvesting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Ascent speed V c Startup speed V f The formula is: In the formula: These are, respectively, particle diameter, porosity, particle settling velocity, and the height h=H from the irrigation outlet to the siltation surface. i -(h1-h2)

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