A high-pulling-speed continuous-casting mold copper plate cooling structure and a high-pulling-speed continuous-casting mold

Abstract

The application discloses a high-pulling-speed continuous casting crystallizer copper plate cooling structure and a high-pulling-speed continuous casting crystallizer. The high-pulling-speed continuous casting crystallizer copper plate cooling structure comprises a copper plate back and a plurality of cover plates. Grooves are formed between two adjacent fixed rib plates and between a circumferential plate and an adjacent fixed rib plate. Each groove is provided with a cover plate. The cover plate is provided with a protruding water tank adjusting block. Double L-shaped cooling water channels are formed in the groove. The interval distance between the water tank adjusting block and the bottom wall of the groove is D. The interval distance between the side wall of the groove and the adjacent partition plate is S. The fixed rib plate is provided with a plurality of fixed bolt holes. The width of the fixed rib plate is continuously changed in the upper region of the crystallizer. The width is the widest at the position of the fixed bolt hole and is narrower at the position without the fixed bolt hole. S becomes larger with the decrease of the width of the fixed rib plate and becomes smaller with the increase of the width of the fixed rib plate. D becomes smaller with the decrease of the width of the fixed rib plate and becomes larger with the increase of the width of the fixed rib plate. The cross-sectional area of the double L-shaped cooling water channel is basically the same at any height.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of continuous casting machine technology, and in particular to a copper plate cooling structure for a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer and a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer. Background Technology

[0002] With advancements in metallurgical technology, the casting speed of continuous casting machines has been increasing, especially with the application of thin slab continuous casting and rolling, and endless rolling technologies, which have raised casting speeds to over 6.5 m / min. A key issue arising from this increased speed is the increased heat flux in the crystallizer, leading to higher temperatures at the copper plate's working surface. In particular, the temperature near the meniscus sometimes exceeds the recrystallization temperature of the copper plate material, causing cracking in the meniscus region. This severely impacts the service life of the crystallizer copper plate, and in severe cases, affects the casting machine's castability.

[0003] Traditional crystallizer copper plates all use a vertical groove cooling structure with a constant cross-section.

[0004] In fact, the cracks that occur at the meniscus of the copper plate in high-speed crystallizers first occur at the working surface corresponding to the reinforcing ribs of the copper plate. Therefore, strengthening the cooling at this point is very important, which is a problem that existing technologies have not been able to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a cooling structure for the copper plate in a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer and a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer, which improves the technical problem of copper plate cracking at the meniscus of the copper plate in the prior art.

[0006] This application provides a copper plate cooling structure for a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer, including a copper plate back and multiple cover plates. The copper plate back includes peripheral plates arranged around the perimeter and multiple longitudinally spaced fixed ribs located in the central region. Grooves are formed between adjacent fixed ribs and between peripheral plates and adjacent fixed ribs. At least one longitudinal partition is provided in the middle of the groove. Cover plates are installed in the grooves, with one cover plate installed in each groove. The cover plates are fixed relative to the copper plate back. The cover plates are provided with protruding water trough adjustment blocks located in the grooves. The grooves include a bottom wall and two side walls located on both sides of the bottom wall. The water trough adjustment blocks are in close contact with the partitions, spaced apart from the bottom wall of the groove, and spaced apart from the side walls of the groove, thereby cooling the copper plate in the groove. A double L-shaped cooling water channel is formed. The distance between the water tank adjusting block and the bottom wall of the groove is D, and the distance between the side wall of the groove and the adjacent partition is S. The fixing rib has multiple fixing bolt holes arranged longitudinally at intervals. The width of the fixing rib is continuously varied in the upper region of the crystallizer. It is widest at the position with fixing bolt holes and narrows at the position without fixing bolt holes. S increases as the width of the fixing rib decreases and decreases as the width of the fixing rib increases. D decreases as the width of the fixing rib decreases and increases as the width of the fixing rib increases. This makes the cross-sectional area of ​​the double L-shaped cooling water channel basically the same at any height, all within the range of 95%-105% of the set value.

[0007] In some implementations, the peripheral plate is the location of the sealing surface.

[0008] In some embodiments, the cover plate is bolted to the adjacent fixing rib plate, and the cover plate adjacent to the perimeter plate is also bolted to the perimeter plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, when at least two partitions are provided in the middle of the groove, the partitions are arranged longitudinally, and the at least two partitions are arranged alternately to form a cooling water tank between two adjacent partitions.

[0010] In some implementations, the length of the cover plate is less than the length of the groove, and cooling water inlets and outlets are provided at the upper and lower ends of the groove.

[0011] In some implementations, the cover plate is a single piece, or the cover plate is divided into sections.

[0012] In some implementations, the height of the double L-shaped cooling channels is 100mm to 450mm.

[0013] A high-speed continuous casting crystallizer includes a crystallizer copper plate, a back plate, and the aforementioned cooling structure. The back of the copper plate in the cooling structure belongs to the crystallizer copper plate. The cooling structure is located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate, and the back plate is located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate. The back plate and the crystallizer copper plate are stacked and fixed together, and the peripheral plate is in close contact with the back plate to form a sealing surface.

[0014] In some embodiments, the double L-shaped cooling channels in the cooling structure are arranged on the entire back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or on both sides of the back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or in the high heat flow area near the meniscus on the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or in the high heat flow area near the meniscus on both sides of the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the double L-shaped cooling channels in the cooling structure are arranged in the upper part of the back side of the copper plate of the crystallizer, the crystallizer also includes other cooling water tank areas located below the double L-shaped cooling channels. The other cooling water tank areas include a conventional water tank area and a transition area. The transition area is adjacent to the double L-shaped cooling channels. The double L-shaped cooling channels, the transition area, and the conventional water tank area are arranged in sequence. The transition area is equipped with a second cover plate, which is closely attached to the partition plate to which the transition area belongs. The thickness of the partition plate to which the transition area belongs gradually changes along the longitudinal direction, and the depth of the partition plate to which the transition area belongs gradually changes along the longitudinal direction, so as to achieve a smooth transition from the partition plate to which the conventional water tank area belongs to the partition plate of the double L-shaped cooling channels, and to ensure that the water passage areas of the double L-shaped cooling channels, the transition area, and the conventional water tank area are basically the same, all within the range of 95%-105% of the set value.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By applying the cooling structure of this application to the copper plate of the high-speed continuous casting mold, the vertical groove cooling is changed to a planar cooling parallel to the working surface of the mold, and the cooling of the fixing ribs on the back of the copper plate of the mold is strengthened. At the same time, as the width of the reinforcing ribs changes, the shape of the water tank adjustment block on the cover plate is adjusted to ensure that the area of ​​the cooling water channel remains basically unchanged, which greatly improves the cooling effect at the meniscus of the mold and effectively enhances the cooling intensity inside the mold, especially the cooling of the fixing ribs. This reduces the occurrence of hot surface crack defects of copper plates under high casting speed conditions, improves the occurrence of cracks on the working surface of the mold, enhances production stability, and significantly reduces the cost of copper plates. This is of great significance to the production of high-speed thin slab continuous casting machines. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-section of a copper plate cooling structure for a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer provided in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the double L-shaped cooling water channels in the copper plate cooling structure of the high-speed continuous casting crystallizer provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 3A schematic diagram showing two baffles in the middle of a single groove in the copper plate cooling structure of the high-speed continuous casting crystallizer provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the double L-shaped cooling channels on the entire back of the crystallizer, as provided in this application;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the double L-shaped cooling channels on both sides of the back of the crystallizer, as provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the double L-shaped cooling channels on both sides of the upper part of the copper plate of the crystallizer, as provided in this application.

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the transformation of the four rectangular cooling water tanks provided in this application into one double L-shaped cooling water channel;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the transformation of the two rectangular cooling water tanks provided in this application into one double L-shaped cooling water channel;

[0026] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the transition zone in the high-speed continuous casting crystallizer provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the high-speed continuous casting crystallizer provided in this application.

[0028] Attached diagram labels: 1-Back of copper plate, 2-Cover plate, 3-Fixing rib plate, 4-Fixing bolt hole, 5-Partition plate, 6-Water tank adjusting block, 7-Groove, 8-Groove bottom wall, 9-Double L-shaped cooling water channel, 10-Cooling water tank, 11-Cooling water inlet and outlet, 12-Side plate, 13-Traditional water tank, 14-Traditional water tank area, 15-Transition area, 16-Back plate, 17-Copper plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The cracks generated at the meniscus of the copper plate in the high-speed casting mold first occur at the working surface corresponding to the reinforcing ribs of the copper plate. To address the cooling of this area, this application provides a cooling structure for the copper plate of the high-speed continuous casting mold, including the back of the copper plate 1 and multiple cover plates 2.

[0030] Please refer to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 4 The copper plate back 1 is part of the crystallizer copper plate 17, referring to the back structure of the crystallizer copper plate 17. The copper plate back 1 includes a peripheral plate 12, which is arranged along the periphery of the copper plate 17, such as... Figure 4The peripheral plate 12 is arranged around the copper plate 17. The back of the copper plate 1 includes multiple fixing ribs 3, which are located in the middle area of ​​the back of the copper plate 1, specifically within the enclosed area of ​​the peripheral plate 12. These fixing ribs 3 are arranged longitudinally, and this longitudinal direction remains vertical after the crystallizer is installed. Please refer to... Figure 1 Multiple fixed stiffeners 3 are arranged at intervals in sequence.

[0031] Please refer to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 4 A groove 7 is formed between two adjacent fixing stiffeners 3, the bottom of which is the back side of the copper plate back 1, and the top of which is open; furthermore, a groove 7 is also formed between the peripheral plate 12 and the adjacent fixing stiffeners 3. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 3 A partition 5 is provided in the middle of the groove 7, the partition 5 is arranged longitudinally, and the partition 5 is fixedly connected to the back of the copper plate 1. At least one longitudinal partition 5 is provided in the middle of the groove 7, such as... Figure 1 This illustrates a scenario where a partition 5 is placed in the middle of the groove 7, as shown below. Figure 3 The illustration shows a scenario where two partitions 5 are set in the middle of the groove 7.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 A cover plate 2 is installed in each groove 7, with one cover plate 2 installed in each groove 7. The cover plate 2 is fixed relative to the back of the copper plate 1. The cover plate 2 is provided with a raised water tank adjusting block 6, which is located in the groove 7. The groove 7 includes a bottom wall and two side walls located on both sides of the bottom wall, which limit the water tank adjusting block 6 to be in close contact with the partition plate 5. The water tank adjusting block 6 is spaced from the bottom wall of the groove 7 and from the side walls of the groove 7. The partition plate 5, the bottom wall 8 of the groove, the side walls of the groove 7, the water tank adjusting block 6, and the cover plate 2 cooperate to form an L-shaped channel with an L-shaped cross-section. The two L-shaped channels on both sides of the partition plate 5 constitute a double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, thereby forming a double L-shaped cooling water channel 9 in the groove 7.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The double L-shaped cooling water channel 9 is also shown, wherein the distance between the water tank adjusting block 6 and the bottom wall of the groove 7 is D, and the distance between the side wall of the groove 7 and the adjacent partition 5 is S.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the fixing stiffener 3 has multiple fixing bolt holes 4 arranged longitudinally at intervals. The width of the fixing stiffener 3 is continuously varied in the upper region of the crystallizer, being the widest at the location with fixing bolt holes 4 and narrowing at the location without fixing bolt holes 4, thereby reducing the adverse effects of the fixing stiffener 3 on heat transfer.

[0035] In the design, the bottom width S increases as the width of the fixing rib 3 decreases, and the depth D decreases as the width of the fixing rib 3 decreases, and the depth D increases as the width of the fixing rib 3 increases. This ensures that the cross-sectional area of ​​the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9 is essentially the same at any height. "Essentially the same" means that the cross-sectional area at any height is within 95%-105% of a set value. Ideally, the cross-sectional area at any height would be exactly the same, but due to factors such as manufacturing, installation, and long-term use, this application limits it to within the set value of 95%-105%.

[0036] In summary, by applying the cooling structure of this application to the copper plate 17 of the high-speed continuous casting mold, the vertical groove cooling is changed to a planar cooling parallel to the working surface of the mold, and the cooling of the fixing rib 3 on the back of the copper plate 17 is strengthened. At the same time, as the width of the reinforcing rib changes, the shape of the water tank adjusting block 6 on the cover plate 2 is adjusted to ensure that the area of ​​the cooling water channel remains basically unchanged, which greatly improves the cooling effect at the meniscus of the mold and effectively enhances the cooling intensity inside the mold, especially the cooling of the fixing rib 3. This reduces the occurrence of hot surface crack defects of the copper plate 17 under high casting speed conditions, improves the occurrence of cracks on the working surface of the mold, enhances production stability, and significantly reduces the cost of the copper plate 17. This is of great significance for the production of high-speed thin slab continuous casting machines.

[0037] The copper plate 17 is connected to the back plate 16 through the fixing bolt hole 4. The back plate 16 is connected to the water tank. The copper plate back 1 includes a peripheral plate 12. The peripheral plate 12 is in close contact with the back plate 16 and forms a sealing surface. That is, the peripheral plate 12 is the location of the sealing surface.

[0038] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cover plate 2 is bolted to the adjacent fixing rib plate 3. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The diagram shows that the cover plate 2, in its elongated section, also includes a protruding portion on its side, through which a bolt connection is achieved. Furthermore, when a cover plate 2 is adjacent to a peripheral plate 12, the cover plate 2 and the peripheral plate 12 are also connected by bolts.

[0039] The cover plate 2 is fixed by bolt connection. Other methods can also be used to fix the cover plate 2. For example, after the back plate 16 and the crystallizer copper plate 17 are stacked and fixed, the back plate 16 is used to press and fix the cover plate 2.

[0040] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 3 When at least two partitions 5 are provided in the middle of the groove 7, the partitions 5 are arranged longitudinally, and at least two partitions 5 are arranged in sequence at intervals, forming a cooling water tank 10 between two adjacent partitions 5.

[0041] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 5 The length of the cover plate 2 is less than the length of the groove 7, and cooling water inlet and outlet 11 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the groove 7. The cover plate 2 can be a single plate that runs the length of the entire plate, or it can be segmented, which is especially convenient for the processing of funnel-shaped crystallizers.

[0042] To clarify, each cover plate 2 is independent of the others.

[0043] The height of the double L-shaped cooling channel 9 is limited, in some embodiments, to a range of 100mm to 450mm, including 100mm and 450mm.

[0044] The cover plate 22 can be made of metals such as copper, steel, and aluminum, or their alloys, or it can be made of non-metallic materials such as high-temperature resistant plastics and synthetic organic materials.

[0045] The high-speed continuous casting crystallizer copper plate cooling structure of this application is applicable to traditional flat plate crystallizer copper plates 17 of equal thickness, and also to thin slab crystallizer copper plates 17 with funnels of equal thickness.

[0046] This embodiment also discloses a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer; please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 10 It includes a crystallizer copper plate 17 and a back plate 16, as well as the aforementioned cooling structure. The copper plate back 1 in the cooling structure is part of the crystallizer copper plate 17, and the cooling structure is located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17. The back plate 16 is also located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the back plate 16 and the crystallizer copper plate 17 are stacked and fixed to each other. They can be fixed by bolt connection, and the peripheral plate 12 is in close contact with the back plate 16 to form a sealing surface.

[0047] In some implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the double L-shaped cooling channels 9 in the cooling structure are arranged on the entire back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17.

[0048] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the double L-shaped cooling channels 9 in the cooling structure are arranged on both sides of the back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17. The middle area of ​​the back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17 can be a traditional rectangular cooling water tank or other cooling water tank structures.

[0049] In some embodiments, the double L-shaped cooling channels 9 in the cooling structure are arranged in the high heat flow region near the meniscus on the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17.

[0050] In some implementations, such as Figure 6As shown, the double L-shaped cooling channels 9 in the cooling structure are arranged in the high heat flow region near the meniscus on both sides of the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate 17.

[0051] When the double L-shaped cooling channels 9 in the cooling structure are arranged in the upper back side of the copper plate 17 of the crystallizer, the crystallizer also includes other cooling water tank areas located below the double L-shaped cooling channels 9. Please refer to... Figure 9 Other cooling water tank areas include conventional water tank area 14 and transition area 15. Transition area 15 is adjacent to double L-shaped cooling water channel 9. Double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, transition area 15 and conventional water tank area 14 are arranged in sequence.

[0052] The transition zone 15 is equipped with a second cover plate 2, which is attached to the partition plate 5 to which the transition zone 15 belongs. Specifically, the cover plate 2 is installed on the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, the transition zone 15 is equipped with the second cover plate 2, while the conventional water tank area 14 does not have a cover plate 2 structure.

[0053] Without the transition zone 15, the baffle 5 would abruptly change at the junction of the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9 and the conventional water tank area 14, leading to numerous disadvantages. This application addresses this by providing the transition zone 15 and ensuring that the water flow areas of the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, the transition zone 15, and the conventional water tank area 14 are substantially the same (limited to 95%-105% of a set value). The thickness and depth of the baffle 5 within the transition zone 15 gradually change longitudinally. Please refer to [reference needed] for details. Figure 9 In accordance with the direction from the traditional water tank area 14 to the area where the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9 is located, the thickness of the baffle 5 belonging to the transition area 15 gradually decreases, and the depth of the baffle 5 belonging to the transition area 15 gradually decreases, so as to achieve a smooth transition from the baffle 5 belonging to the traditional water tank area 14 to the baffle 5 belonging to the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, and make the water passage area of ​​the double L-shaped cooling water channel 9, the transition area 15 and the traditional water tank area 14 basically the same.

[0054] Regarding the transition changes in transition zone 15, such as Figure 7 As shown, four or more rectangular cooling water tanks can be transformed into one double L-shaped cooling water channel 9; for example... Figure 8 As shown, two rectangular cooling water tanks can be transformed into one double L-shaped cooling water channel 9.

[0055] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A copper plate cooling structure for a high-speed continuous casting crystallizer, characterized in that, The cooling structure includes: The back of the copper plate includes a perimeter plate arranged around the perimeter and a plurality of longitudinally spaced fixing ribs located in the middle region. Grooves are formed between two adjacent fixing ribs and between the perimeter plate and the adjacent fixing ribs. At least one longitudinal partition is provided in the middle of the groove. Multiple cover plates are installed in the grooves, with one cover plate installed in each groove. The cover plates are fixed to the back of the copper plate. Each cover plate has a raised water channel adjusting block located in the groove. The groove includes a bottom wall and two side walls located on both sides of the bottom wall. The water channel adjusting block is in close contact with the partition plate, spaced apart from the bottom wall of the groove, and spaced apart from the side walls of the groove, so as to form a double L-shaped cooling water channel in the groove. The distance between the water tank adjusting block and the bottom wall of the groove is D, and the distance between the side wall of the groove and the adjacent partition is S. The fixing rib has a plurality of fixing bolt holes arranged longitudinally at intervals. The width of the fixing rib is continuously varied in the upper region of the crystallizer, being the widest at the location with the fixing bolt holes and narrowing at the location without the fixing bolt holes. S increases as the width of the fixing rib decreases and decreases as the width of the fixing rib increases. D decreases as the width of the fixing rib decreases and increases as the width of the fixing rib increases, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the double L-shaped cooling water channel at any height is within the range of 95%-105% of the set value.

2. The cooling structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The peripheral plate is the location of the sealing surface.

3. The cooling structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate is bolted to the adjacent fixing rib plate, and the cover plate adjacent to the peripheral plate is also bolted to the peripheral plate.

4. The cooling structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When at least two partitions are provided in the middle of the groove, the partitions are arranged longitudinally, and at least two partitions are arranged alternately to form a cooling water tank between two adjacent partitions.

5. The cooling structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the cover plate is less than the length of the groove, and cooling water inlets and outlets are provided at the upper and lower ends of the groove.

6. The cooling structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cover plate is a single piece, or the cover plate is divided into sections.

7. The cooling structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the double L-shaped cooling water channels is 100mm to 450mm.

8. A high-speed continuous casting crystallizer, characterized in that, The device includes a crystallizer copper plate, a back plate, and a cooling structure as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the back of the copper plate in the cooling structure belongs to the crystallizer copper plate, the cooling structure is located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate, the back plate is located on the back side of the crystallizer copper plate, the back plate is stacked and fixed with the crystallizer copper plate, and the peripheral plate is in close contact with the back plate to form a sealing surface.

9. The high-speed continuous casting crystallizer as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The double L-shaped cooling channels in the cooling structure are arranged on the entire back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or on both sides of the back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or in the high heat flow area near the meniscus on the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate, or in the high heat flow area near the meniscus on both sides of the upper back side of the crystallizer copper plate.

10. The high-speed continuous casting crystallizer as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the double L-shaped cooling water channel in the cooling structure is arranged in the area on the upper back side of the copper plate of the crystallizer, the crystallizer also includes other cooling water tank areas located below the double L-shaped cooling water channel. The other cooling water tank areas include a conventional water tank area and a transition area. The transition area is adjacent to the double L-shaped cooling water channel. The double L-shaped cooling water channel, the transition area and the conventional water tank area are arranged in sequence. The transition zone is equipped with a second cover plate, which is closely attached to the partition plate to which the transition zone belongs. The thickness and depth of the partition plate to which the transition zone belongs gradually change along the longitudinal direction, so as to achieve a smooth transition from the partition plate to which the conventional water tank area belongs to the partition plate to which the double L-shaped cooling water channel belongs, and to ensure that the water passage area of ​​the double L-shaped cooling water channel, the transition zone and the conventional water tank area are all within the range of 95%-105% of the set value.

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