Cluster well bore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system

Abstract

The present application relates to directional well, horizontal well bore trajectory control technical field, especially relates to a kind of cluster well bore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system.The present application selects UWB as monitoring waveform, proposes a kind of cluster well bore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system, defines the starting state of monitoring waveform, starting characteristic waveform, monitoring curve threshold setting rule;Proposed monitoring distance computer terminal processing method, builds well distance early warning critical value, and according to different well spacing value, corresponding light is sent, reminds the corresponding technical personnel on site to take corresponding technical measures.The present application more accurately describes the spacing between cluster well, only needs simple calculation in the whole monitoring process, data is directly converted into light signal display, and the display effect is more intuitive, the system realizes simple principle, and can effectively avoid cluster well bore trajectory intersection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wellbore trajectory control technology for directional and horizontal wells, and particularly to an active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system for cluster wellbore trajectories. Background Technology

[0002] Oil and natural gas resources are a vital energy support for the rapid development of national industry. Increasing the development of my country's oil and gas resources is of significant strategic importance for meeting domestic energy needs and reducing dependence on foreign energy sources. In recent years, to achieve low-cost and high-efficiency development of oil and gas resources, major oilfields have adopted cluster well development as the main means of increasing reserves and production. With increased development efforts, the number of cluster wells is increasing and the spacing between wells is decreasing. If risk assessments are not timely and anti-collision measures are inadequate during drilling, well collision accidents can easily occur, resulting in abandoned drilling footage and causing serious impacts on the ecological environment and socio-economic development.

[0003] Collision prevention and safety assessment of the wellbore is a core issue in ensuring the safe and rapid construction of cluster well groups. Collision prevention work is integrated into all stages of cluster well group pre-drilling preparation, engineering design, and construction. During drilling, the uncertainty of geological targets and formation build-up rates brings certain difficulties to cluster well construction and poses unpredictable risks. Ensuring that the distance between the drill bit and adjacent wells remains within a safe range is a key issue in cluster well development. Scientifically evaluating the spacing between cluster wells and taking effective technical measures are fundamental to ensuring safe and efficient drilling of cluster wells.

[0004] Existing wellbore trajectory collision avoidance evaluation indicators include inter-well distance (nearest distance scan, horizontal distance scan, normal distance scan) and wellbore separation coefficient (traditional wellbore separation coefficient method, center vector method, vertical foot curve method, etc.). The shortcomings of these existing evaluation indicators are: ① Inter-well distance evaluation indicator: It does not consider wellbore trajectory measurement errors, and cannot accurately assess the risk for wells with high collision risk. Furthermore, each evaluation method has a different focus: normal distance scan mainly describes the deviation between the current well and adjacent wells, while horizontal distance describes the relative distance between the current well and adjacent wells at a certain vertical depth, failing to fully reflect the continuous change trend of the trajectory. ② Separation coefficient evaluation indicator: Traditional separation coefficient calculation methods yield overly conservative results; the center vector method and vertical foot curve method simplify the three-dimensional error ellipsoid to a two-dimensional error ellipse, resulting in inaccurate calculations.

[0005] In summary, the existing wellbore collision prevention evaluation indicators cannot meet the technical requirements for wellbore collision prevention evaluation in densely spaced wells and densely clustered wells with smaller well spacing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method and early warning system for active anti-collision monitoring of cluster wellbore trajectory.

[0007] A method for active collision avoidance monitoring of cluster wellbore trajectory, the method comprising: The positioning tag installed on the top of the drilling bit emits a wireless positioning signal for the bit's location. The positioning base station located on the casing of the adjacent well monitors the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmits the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station; The drill bit position signal is transmitted from the ground signal receiving station to the computer terminal; The computer terminal confirms the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well through the drill bit position signal, and performs collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells.

[0008] Furthermore, the wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal.

[0009] The monitored drill bit position signal specifically includes: Monitoring begins after a certain period of time (t).

[0010] Furthermore, the monitoring of the drill bit position signal specifically includes: A waveform distinct from UWB is set as the initial characteristic wave.

[0011] Furthermore, the monitoring of the drill bit position signal specifically includes: The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the step of confirming the well spacing between the well being drilled and adjacent wells through drill bit position signals specifically includes: Starting with the initial characteristic wave, the distance between the two wells is calculated by monitoring the propagation time of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal and the propagation speed of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal in the formation.

[0013] Furthermore, the collision monitoring based on well spacing specifically includes: Set the well spacing warning threshold to M. When M≤5m, the red light flashes and an alarm sounds; when 5m<M<10m, the yellow light flashes; and when M≥10m, the green light flashes.

[0014] A cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system includes: positioning tags, positioning base stations, ground signal receiving stations, and computer terminals; The positioning tag is installed on the top of the drilling bit during drilling and is used to send a wireless positioning signal for the bit's position. The positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well to monitor the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmit the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station. Ground signal receiving station is used to transmit drill bit position signals to computer terminals; The computer terminal is used to confirm the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent wells through the drill bit position signal, and to perform collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells.

[0015] Furthermore, the wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal.

[0016] Furthermore, the positioning tag is installed on the drilling bit via a positioning short section; The positioning tag is located on the positioning sub. The positioning sub has a double-eye connector, with its lower end connected to the drilling bit and its upper end connected to the drilling tool.

[0017] Furthermore, the positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well using a signal transmission auxiliary tool; each positioning base station transmits signals to the ground signal receiving station through an independent signal transmission cable; Several positioning base stations are evenly distributed and installed on the casing of the adjacent well.

[0018] Furthermore, the early warning system also includes an early warning device that issues an inter-well distance warning signal if the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well is less than a warning threshold. Warning signals include light signals and alarm sounds.

[0019] This invention offers at least the following advantages: It selects UWB as the monitoring waveform and proposes an active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system for cluster wellbore trajectories. It specifies the initial state of the monitoring waveform, the initial characteristic waveform, and the rules for setting the monitoring curve threshold. Furthermore, it proposes a computer terminal processing method for monitoring distance, constructs an early warning threshold for inter-well distance, and emits corresponding lights based on different well-to-well distance values ​​to remind on-site technicians to take appropriate technical measures. This invention provides a more accurate description of the distance between cluster wells. The entire monitoring process requires only simple calculations, directly converting the data into light signals for display, resulting in a more intuitive display. The system's implementation principle is simple, and it effectively avoids collisions between cluster wellbore trajectories.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sequence of drill bit signal detection by the adjacent well base station according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the computer monitoring waveform of the early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a waveform illustration of an early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of well spacing in an early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the well spacing triangle in the early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In existing technologies, the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) instruments used in directional drilling suffer from systematic errors, discrepancies between the measured wellbore trajectory parameters and the actual values, and errors between the theoretical model for trajectory calculation and the actual shape of the wellbore trajectory. Theoretical calculations cannot accurately depict the true shape of the wellbore trajectory; existing wellbore collision avoidance evaluation indicators also cannot precisely assess the collision risk between two wells. To more accurately describe the spacing between cluster wells, this invention proposes an active collision avoidance monitoring method and early warning system for cluster well trajectories, providing technical assurance for safe drilling of large and densely packed cluster wells.

[0025] Firstly, such as Figure 1 As shown, a cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method is provided, the method comprising: The positioning tag on the top of the drilling bit sends out a wireless positioning signal for the position of the drill bit. The positioning base station located in the adjacent well monitors the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmits the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station, which then transmits the drill bit position signal to the computer terminal. The computer terminal confirms the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well through the drill bit position signal, and performs collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells.

[0026] In practice, the relationship between the well being drilled and adjacent wells is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the current well is being drilled.

[0027] In this embodiment, the wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal.

[0028] In this embodiment, the monitoring of the drill bit position signal specifically includes: Monitoring begins after a certain period of time (t).

[0029] In practice, a monitoring start state is set, and monitoring begins after a certain time t. The value of t should be set according to the collision risk. The higher the collision risk, the smaller the t value, and the lower the collision risk, the larger the t value.

[0030] In this embodiment, the monitoring of the drill bit position signal further includes: A waveform distinct from UWB is set as the initial characteristic wave.

[0031] In practice, a starting characteristic waveform is set, which is different from UWB. In this embodiment, a rectangular wave is used as an example.

[0032] In this embodiment, the monitoring of the drill bit position signal further includes: The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold.

[0033] In practice, the peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. Since UWB is a pulse wave that attenuates during propagation, the closer the base station is to the positioning tag, the stronger the received drill bit positioning signal and the higher the UWB peak. Conversely, the farther the base station is from the positioning tag, the weaker the received drill bit positioning signal and the lower the UWB peak. Based on the arrangement of the UWB monitoring auxiliary device base stations, the first three base stations are closest to the drill bit positioning tag, and their peaks are ordered from strongest to weakest as: 1, 2, 3. The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold; signals below this threshold cannot be detected by the system. Similarly, the waveform signals of the 4th...nth base stations cannot be detected.

[0034] In this embodiment, confirming the well spacing between the drilling well and the adjacent well using the drill bit position signal specifically includes: Starting with the initial characteristic wave, the distance between the two wells is calculated by monitoring the propagation time of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal and the propagation speed of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal in the formation.

[0035] In this embodiment, the collision monitoring based on the well spacing specifically includes: Set the well spacing warning threshold to M. When M≤5m, the red light flashes and an alarm sounds; when 5m<M<10m, the yellow light flashes; and when M≥10m, the green light flashes.

[0036] Secondly, such as Figure 2 As shown, a cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system includes: positioning tags, positioning base stations, ground signal receiving stations and computer terminals; The positioning tag is installed on the top of the drilling bit during drilling and is used to send a wireless positioning signal for the bit's position. The positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well to monitor the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmit the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station. Ground signal receiving station is used to transmit drill bit position signals to computer terminals; The computer terminal is used to confirm the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent wells through the drill bit position signal, and to perform anti-collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells.

[0037] In specific implementation, the implementation process of the cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system and the cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method of the present invention correspond one-to-one.

[0038] In this embodiment, the wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal.

[0039] In this embodiment, the positioning tag is installed on the drilling bit via a positioning short section; The positioning tag is located on the positioning sub. The positioning sub has a double-eye connector, with its lower end connected to the drilling bit and its upper end connected to the drilling tool.

[0040] In this embodiment, the positioning base station is installed on the casing of an adjacent well using a signal transmission auxiliary tool; each positioning base station transmits signals to a ground signal receiving station via an independent signal transmission cable. Several positioning base stations are evenly distributed and installed on the casing of the adjacent well.

[0041] In this embodiment, the early warning system also includes an early warning device that issues an inter-well distance warning signal if the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well is less than a warning threshold. Warning signals include light signals and alarm sounds.

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the principles of the present invention are explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: This invention discloses an active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system for cluster wellbore trajectory. The early warning system includes a positioning signal transmitting system, a positioning signal receiving and transmitting system, and a positioning signal processing system. The drill bit positioning signal transmitting system includes: (1) UWB positioning tag, (2) UWB positioning sub, (3) drilling tool, and (4) drilling trajectory; the positioning signal receiving and transmitting system includes: (5) adjacent well casing, (6) UWB signal transmission auxiliary tool, and (7) UWB signal positioning base station; the positioning signal processing system includes: (8) positioning signal receiving station, (9) computer terminal and monitoring system, and (10) alarm device.

[0043] Brief introduction to the functions of each part of the monitoring system: ①UWB positioning tag: used to track the drill bit position in real time and transmit UWB signals of the drill bit position; ②UWB Positioning Sub: A sub used to fix the positioning tag. This connector is a double-eye connector. The lower end connects to the drill bit, and the upper end connects to the drill string. ③ Drilling tools: Connect the positioning sub and deliver the positioning tag to the designated target point; ④ Drilling wellbore trajectory: Provides the necessary path for the drill bit positioning tag to be successfully run; ⑤ Adjacent well casing: Provides a safe external environment for the installation of UWB signal transmission auxiliary tools; ⑥UWB signal transmission auxiliary tools: used to fix UWB positioning base stations; ⑦ UWB signal positioning base station: used to monitor the UWB signal of the drill bit in drilling and transmit the drill bit position signal upwards; ⑧ Positioning signal receiving station: Used to receive the position signal uploaded by the positioning base station and transmit it to the computer terminal.

[0044] ⑨ Computer terminal and monitoring system: used to process drill bit position signals and analyze them to generate the distance between two wells, and control the early warning system to issue corresponding signal lights based on the distance between the wells; ⑩ Warning device: Used to issue warning signals for distance between wells. The warning signals include light signals and alarm sounds.

[0045] Monitoring system connection method: The UWB positioning connector is a double-female connector, 50-60cm long. The lower female thread connects to the drill bit, and the upper female thread connects to the drill string. A UWB positioning tag mounting slot is located in the middle of the connector. The UWB positioning tag contains a battery and requires no external power supply. A sealing O-ring is present in the positioning tag mounting slot. During normal drilling, the positioning tag transmits UWB signals indicating the drill bit position in real time, completing the signal transmission process of this early warning system.

[0046] The UWB signal transmission auxiliary device is a cylindrical body with spiral mounting grooves. The distance between two adjacent spiral grooves is 3-5m, and the UWB positioning tag is installed inside. The body is of fixed length, with a female connector at the top and a male connector at the bottom. The positioning base station in the adjacent well monitors the drill bit position signal of the drilling operation and transmits it from bottom to top to the ground positioning signal receiving station, completing the process of uploading the drill bit position monitoring signal.

[0047] The specific implementation method of this application is as follows: Transmission, monitoring and transmission of drill bit position signals The drill bit's position is located via a positioning tag on its tip. UWB detection auxiliary devices (positioning base stations) in adjacent wells then sequentially detect the drill bit's position signal from near to far (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown) and transmits the drill bit position signal upwards to the ground signal receiving station, which then transmits the drill bit position signal to the computer terminal.

[0048] Drill bit position UWB signal computer processing ① Monitoring start status setting: Monitoring starts after a certain time t (the t value should be set according to the collision risk; the higher the collision risk, the smaller the t value should be, and the lower the collision risk, the larger the t value should be). ② Setting the initial characteristic waveform: Set a waveform that is different from UWB as the initial characteristic waveform (such as a rectangular wave); ③ Monitoring curve threshold setting: The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. UWB is a pulse wave that attenuates during propagation. The closer the base station is to the positioning tag, the stronger the received drill bit positioning signal, and the higher the UWB peak. The farther the base station is from the positioning tag, the weaker the received drill bit positioning signal, and the lower the UWB peak. According to the arrangement of the UWB monitoring auxiliary device base stations, the first three base stations are closest to the drill bit positioning tag (e.g., Figure 4 As shown), the peaks are ordered from strongest to weakest as follows: 1, 2, 3. The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold; below this threshold, the system cannot detect the waveform signal. Similarly, the waveform signals of the 4th...nth base stations cannot be detected. Figure 5 As shown, the first rectangular signal is the feature symbol for starting positioning and ranging, the first inverted U-shaped peak signal is the distance monitored by positioning base station 1, the second inverted U-shaped peak signal is the distance monitored by positioning base station 2, and the third inverted U-shaped peak signal is the distance monitored by positioning base station 3. The first three peak signals are higher than the threshold of the monitoring wave, while the rest are lower than the threshold of the monitoring wave due to signal attenuation.

[0049] The method by which a computer terminal parses drill bit position signals: Starting with the monitoring of the initial characteristic wave, the propagation speed v of the UWB signal in the formation is monitored over time t, where v is known. Figure 6 As shown, the initial characteristic wave distance from the first peak S1 = v t1; Initial characteristic wave distance, second peak S2=v t2; Initial characteristic wave distance, third peak S3 = v t3; where t1, t2, and t3 are the times of the initial characteristic wave distance peak, respectively; The triangle calculation process is as follows Figure 7 As shown, Figure 6 The first peak is Figure 7 The positioning base station C receives the first wave peak from the drill bit B. Figure 6 The second peak is Figure 7 The positioning base station D receives the first wave peak from drill bit B. Figure 6 The third peak is Figure 7 The positioning base station A receives the first wave peak from drill bit B; By constructing a triangle and monitoring it, we can know that: AB-BD=a1=S3-S2; BD-BC=a2=S2-S1; The distance between base stations is known: AD = DC = L; Let BD = x; In △ADB, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain:

[0050] In triangle ABC, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain:

[0051] Solving the system of equations using the two cosine laws, we can obtain x, and thus the distances between BD, AB, and BC. The minimum of the three distance values ​​is used to determine the well spacing.

[0052] Warning signal settings: The well spacing is M. When M≤5m, the red light flashes and an alarm sounds. When 5m<M<10m, the yellow light flashes. When M≥10m, the green light flashes.

[0053] This invention selects UWB as the monitoring waveform and proposes an active anti-collision monitoring method and early warning system for cluster wellbore trajectories. It specifies the initial state of the monitoring waveform, the initial characteristic waveform, and the rules for setting the monitoring curve threshold. A computer terminal processing method for monitoring distance is proposed, and an early warning threshold for inter-well distance is constructed. Corresponding lights are emitted based on different well-to-well distance values ​​to remind on-site technicians to take appropriate technical measures. This invention more accurately describes the distance between cluster wells. The entire monitoring process requires only simple calculations, directly converting the data into light signals for display, resulting in a more intuitive display. The system has a simple implementation principle and can effectively avoid collisions in cluster wellbore trajectories.

[0054] The UWB technology standard defines it as having a relative bandwidth greater than 20% or a bandwidth greater than and a frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 10 GHz. UWB transmits signals through communication between the receiver and transmitter in the form of pulse signals. UWB has the characteristics of high time resolution, strong spatial penetration, and strong anti-interference ability.

[0055] The early warning system proposed in this invention includes a positioning signal transmitting system, a positioning signal receiving system, and a positioning signal processing system. The UWB positioning and transmitting system includes a UWB positioning connector located on the upper part of the drill bit. This connector is a double-female connector, 50-60cm long. The lower female thread is for use with the drill bit's male thread, and the upper female thread is for use with drill collars and other drilling tools. A UWB positioning tag mounting slot is located in the middle of the positioning connector. The UWB positioning tag contains a battery and requires no external power supply. A sealing O-ring is present in the positioning tag mounting slot. During normal drilling, the positioning tag transmits ultra-wideband signals of the drill bit's position in real time, completing the signal transmission process of this early warning system.

[0056] The positioning signal monitoring and transmission system consists of adjacent well casing, UWB signal transmission auxiliary tool, and UWB signal positioning base station. The UWB signal transmission auxiliary tool includes a cylindrical body with spiral mounting grooves. The distance between two adjacent spiral grooves is 4-5m. UWB positioning tags are installed inside. When the distance between two wells is small, the positioning base station in the adjacent well detects the position signal of the drill bit in the drilling process and transmits it from bottom to top to the ground positioning signal receiving station, completing the process of uploading the drill bit position detection signal.

[0057] The positioning signal processing system consists of a positioning signal receiving station, a computer terminal and monitoring system, and an alarm device. This invention specifies a particular decoding method: starting from the monitoring initial characteristic wave, the distance between two wells is calculated by monitoring time and the propagation speed of UWB in the formation; a warning signal is specified: the warning signal setting is: the distance between wells is M, M≤5m is a red light flashing and an alarm sound is emitted, 5m<M<10m is a yellow light flashing, and M≥10m is a green light, converting digital signals into light and sound signals, making the monitoring of adjacent well distances more intuitive.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are as follows: the UWB precise positioning automatic monitoring cluster well trajectory anti-collision early warning system provided by this invention is simple, monitors the distance between adjacent wells in real time, and automatically generates an alarm signal when the distance between wells is less than 5m. The monitoring process does not require special personnel to pay attention, and the accuracy of the monitoring results is more accurate than the existing theoretical calculation methods.

[0059] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for active collision avoidance monitoring of cluster wellbore trajectory, characterized in that, The method includes: The positioning tag installed on the top of the drilling bit emits a wireless positioning signal for the bit's location. The positioning base station located on the casing of the adjacent well monitors the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmits the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station; The drill bit position signal is transmitted from the ground signal receiving station to the computer terminal; The computer terminal confirms the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well through the drill bit position signal, and performs collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells; The wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal; The monitored drill bit position signal also includes: A waveform distinct from UWB is set as the initial characteristic wave; The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. Specifically, the peaks of the UWB base stations are arranged in descending order of strength as: 1, 2, 3. The first three base stations are closest to the drill bit positioning tag, and the peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. The method of confirming the well spacing between the well being drilled and the adjacent well through drill bit position signals includes: Starting with the initial characteristic wave, the distance between the two wells is calculated by monitoring the propagation time and velocity of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal in the formation. Specifically, this includes: starting with the initial characteristic wave, calculating the distance between the two wells by monitoring the propagation time t and the velocity v of the UWB signal in the formation, where v is known, and the distance from the initial characteristic wave to the first peak S1 = v. t1; Initial characteristic wave distance, second peak S2=v t2; Initial characteristic wave distance, third peak S3 = v t3; where t1, t2, and t3 are the times of the initial characteristic wave distance peak, respectively; The first peak is the first peak received by positioning base station C from drill bit B; the second peak is the first peak received by positioning base station D from drill bit B; and the third peak is the first peak received by positioning base station A from drill bit B. Positioning base station A, positioning base station C, and positioning base station D are the first base station, the second base station, and the third base station, respectively. By constructing a triangle and monitoring it, we can know that: AB-BD=a1=S3-S2; BD-BC=a2=S2-S1; The distance between base stations is known: AD = DC = L; Let BD = x; In △ADB, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain: In triangle ABC, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain: Solving the system of equations using the two cosine laws, we can obtain x, and thus the distances between BD, AB, and BC. The minimum of the three distance values ​​is used to determine the well spacing. The positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well using a signal transmission auxiliary tool; each positioning base station transmits signals to the ground signal receiving station through an independent signal transmission cable. Several positioning base stations are evenly distributed and installed on the casing of the adjacent well.

2. The active anti-collision monitoring method for cluster wellbore trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitored drill bit position signal specifically includes: Monitoring begins after a certain period of time (t).

3. A cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The collision monitoring based on well spacing specifically includes: Set the well spacing warning threshold to M. When M≤5m, the red light flashes and an alarm sounds; when 5m<M<10m, the yellow light flashes; and when M≥10m, the green light flashes.

4. A cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that, include: Location tags, location base stations, ground signal receiving stations, and computer terminals; The positioning tag is installed on the top of the drilling bit during drilling and is used to send a wireless positioning signal for the bit's position. The positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well to monitor the drill bit position signal sequentially from near to far and transmit the drill bit position signal upward to the ground signal receiving station. Ground signal receiving station is used to transmit drill bit position signals to computer terminals; The computer terminal is used to confirm the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent wells through the drill bit position signal, and to perform collision monitoring based on the distance between the wells; The wireless positioning signal is a UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal; The monitored drill bit position signal also includes: A waveform distinct from UWB is set as the initial characteristic wave; The peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. Specifically, the peaks of the UWB base stations are arranged in descending order of strength as: 1, 2, 3. The first three base stations are closest to the drill bit positioning tag, and the peak of the waveform monitored by the third base station is used as the threshold. The method of confirming the well spacing between the well being drilled and the adjacent well through drill bit position signals includes: Starting with the initial characteristic wave, the distance between the two wells is calculated by monitoring the propagation time and velocity of the UWB ultra-wideband wireless signal in the formation. Specifically, this includes: starting with the initial characteristic wave, calculating the distance between the two wells by monitoring the propagation time t and the velocity v of the UWB signal in the formation, where v is known, and the distance from the initial characteristic wave to the first peak S1 = v. t1; Initial characteristic wave distance, second peak S2=v t2; Initial characteristic wave distance, third peak S3 = v t3; where t1, t2, and t3 are the times of the initial characteristic wave distance peak, respectively; The first peak is the first peak received by positioning base station C from drill bit B; the second peak is the first peak received by positioning base station D from drill bit B; and the third peak is the first peak received by positioning base station A from drill bit B. Positioning base station A, positioning base station C, and positioning base station D are the first base station, the second base station, and the third base station, respectively. By constructing a triangle and monitoring it, we can know that: AB-BD=a1=S3-S2; BD-BC=a2=S2-S1; The distance between base stations is known: AD = DC = L; Let BD = x; In △ADB, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain: In triangle ABC, according to the Law of Cosines, we can obtain: Solving the system of equations using the two cosine laws, we can obtain x, and thus the distances between BD, AB, and BC. The minimum of the three distance values ​​is used to determine the well spacing. The positioning base station is installed on the casing of the adjacent well using a signal transmission auxiliary tool; each positioning base station transmits signals to the ground signal receiving station through an independent signal transmission cable. Several positioning base stations are evenly distributed and installed on the casing of the adjacent well.

5. The cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning tag is installed on the drilling bit via a positioning short section; The positioning tag is located on the positioning sub. The positioning sub has a double-eye connector, with its lower end connected to the drilling bit and its upper end connected to the drilling tool.

6. A cluster wellbore trajectory active anti-collision monitoring and early warning system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The early warning system also includes an early warning device that issues an inter-well distance warning signal if the distance between the well being drilled and the adjacent well is less than the warning threshold. Warning signals include light signals and alarm sounds.

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