Bearing unit with load testing function

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of bearings, and discloses a bearing unit with a load testing function, which comprises a bearing with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure, a bearing seat sleeve with a multi-convex platform structure, a bearing gland with a multi-convex platform structure and a strain gauge, the bearing seat sleeve with a multi-convex platform structure and the bearing gland with a multi-convex platform structure are assembled with the bearing with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure, thereby forming a plurality of radial and axial simply supported beam units, when the bearing unit is subjected to a load, the strain generated by the simply supported beam structure is tested by the strain gauge to realize load testing. The bearing unit has the bearing gland with a multi-convex platform structure matched and assembled with the bearing outer ring to form an axial simply supported beam structure, and a certain number of axial strain groups are arranged on one side of the outer ring, so that the axial load and the axial partial load can be obtained under static or dynamic conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bearing technology, and specifically relates to a bearing unit with axial and radial load testing functions. Background Technology

[0002] Rolling bearings are important components of mechanical equipment and are widely used in aero engines, machine tool spindles, etc. The load and load distribution of internal components are of great significance to bearing design.

[0003] Bearing loads include: radial loads and the resulting internal load distribution, and axial loads. For identifying radial loads on rolling bearings, several methods have been proposed, including: Sun Shouguang (patent: bearing load testing structure and method), who uses a method of creating grooves on the surface of the bearing outer ring and placing strain gauges at the bottom to test the bearing load. This method damages the bearing outer ring and affects bearing performance; Li Qiang (patent: a novel bearing load testing structure), who uses a method of creating grooves on the bearing housing and placing strain gauges in the arc transition area within the grooves to test the bearing load. This method requires a high degree of fit between the bearing and the bearing housing, and the stress needs to be transferred to the bearing housing through the bearing outer ring; Li Qiang (patent: a device and method for testing bearing loads), who uses a method of creating grooves on the bearing housing and placing strain gauges on the bearing outer ring to test the bearing load; Shi Rong (paper: experimental study on load distribution of work roll bearings in large strip mills), who obtained the load spectrum characteristics of the bearing under heavy load conditions by embedding strain gauges in the bearing housing and placing strain gauges on the outside of the bearing housing; and Wang Meiling (force transmission testing device and method for flexible support structure of aero-engines), who proposed a method of installing a flexible ring on the outer circle of the bearing housing and attaching strain gauges to test the radial load.

[0004] For identifying internal loads in bearings, Mose (paper: Development of an Experimental System to Measure Stresses in a Bearing Using Photo-elasticity) and Papadopoulos (paper: Experimental study of the load distribution in bearings by the method of caustics and the photoelasticity method) used a photoelastic experimental method to measure load distribution, but neglected the constraint and positioning effect of the cage on the rolling elements; Takafumi Nagatomo (paper: Effects of Load Distribution on Life of Radial Roller Bearings) obtained the load changes at the contact position between the inner ring rolling elements and the raceway by measuring the strain response at various measuring points on the inner ring during bearing operation through slotting and arranging an optical fiber strain gauge; Kwapisz (paper: Instrumented bearing for force and moment measurements) invented a strain gauge-type instrument bearing, which can obtain the contact load at different positions of a double-row ball bearing; Marconnet (paper: Measuring Load Distribution on the Outer Raceways of Rotating) (Machines) proposed a method for determining the contact load distribution of a bearing outer ring using a capacitive probe. In the experiment, the capacitive probe was placed inside the bearing outer ring, and the load magnitude at different locations was obtained by acquiring the voltage change caused by the deformation of the bearing outer ring. However, due to the need to slot the bearing outer ring and the lack of consideration for the transmission relationship between voltage and load at the measuring point, the obtained load differed significantly from the theoretical value. Hou Y (paper: Development of an experimental system to measure the cage slip of cylindrical rollerbearing), Chen Peng (paper: Research on load distribution test of high-speed train axle box bearing), and Zhou Gaowei (paper: Research on load distribution test of high-speed train axle box bearing) used a method of slotting along the axial and circumferential directions on the inner wall of the bearing housing to obtain the dynamic load distribution inside the bearing by measuring the strain response of the bearing outer ring. This method is greatly affected by factors such as the bearing internal clearance and the interference fit of the mating surfaces.

[0005] For bearing axial load testing, most methods involve placing a flexible elastic ring between the bearing and the bearing housing. For example, Lu Yanhui (paper: Application of Flexible Ring in Measuring Axial Force of Angular Contact Ball Bearing in Aero-Turboshaft Engine) proposed a flexible ring measurement method with equal height and width of upper and lower bosses suitable for measuring the axial force of angular contact ball bearings in turboshaft engines; Zhang Chunyue (paper: Design and Application of Axial Force Measurement Sensor for Aero-engines) proposed different strain gauge bonding positions and full-bridge wiring methods based on the measurement principle of the stress ring method; and there are also Ouyang Yunfang (paper: Axial Force Testing Method for Irregular Thrust Bearings in Aero-engines) and Yuan Xue (paper: Dynamic Characteristic Testing Technology of Axial Force of Aero-engine Rotors), etc.

[0006] Currently, bearing radial loads are mostly identified through overall radial load identification using the bearing housing, or by damaging the outer ring of the bearing and placing strain gauges near the rolling position to test contact loads. Bearing axial loads are mostly tested by placing flexible stress rings on both sides of the bearing. However, for load distribution, the testing technology is still immature and inaccurate, and most tests remain at the theoretical calculation level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research on bearing unit technology that integrates the functions of acquiring bearing axial load, radial load, and internal radial load distribution. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to address the aforementioned shortcomings by proposing a bearing housing with a boss structure and a bearing cover, along with a bearing outer ring with axial and radial annular long grooves. This bearing unit achieves load testing through strain measurement. Furthermore, it proposes methods for identifying radial overall load, internal radial load distribution, and axial load, which can effectively obtain radial load, internal radial load distribution, axial load, and its off-center load.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention: A bearing unit with load testing function includes a bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring, a bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure, a bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure, and a strain gauge 4. The bearing housing 2 and the bearing cap 3 with the multi-protrusion structure are assembled with the bearing 1 with the axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring to form multiple radial and axial simply supported beam units. When subjected to load, the strain generated by the simply supported beam structure is measured by the strain gauge 4 to realize load testing.

[0009] The bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure includes an outer ring 11, rolling elements 12, a cage 13, and an inner ring 14. The outer ring 11 has an axial annular long groove with the same number of axial outer bosses as the bearing cap 3 and radial annular long grooves with the same number of radial outer bosses as the bearing housing 2, and these grooves are evenly distributed. When it is assembled with the bearing housing 2 and the bearing cap 3, which have multiple boss structures, the radial outer bosses 23 of the bearing housing are located at the center of the radial annular long grooves, forming a radial simply supported beam unit with a number of rollers proportional to the number of rollers, used to test radial load and radial internal load distribution. At the same time, the axial outer bosses 33 of the bearing cap are located at the center of the axial annular long grooves, forming a certain number of axial simply supported beam units, used to test axial load.

[0010] The bearing outer ring 11 with axial and radial annular elongated grooves includes a bearing outer ring positioning groove 111, an outer ring 112, a radial inner boss 113, an inner ring 114, a side ring 115, an axial inner boss 116, and a middle ring 117. The inner side of the bearing outer ring 11 with axial and radial annular elongated grooves is the bearing outer ring inner ring 114, used to transfer loads to the axial and radial simply supported beam unit. The outer side of the bearing outer ring inner ring 114 is provided with a number of evenly distributed radial inner bosses 113 proportional to the number of rolling elements 12, serving as load-bearing bosses in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer side of the radial inner bosses 113 is the bearing outer ring 112, used to act as a beam in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer side of the bearing outer ring outer ring 112 is provided with a circumferential bearing outer ring positioning groove 111 for positioning... The bearing 1, with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on its outer ring, is positioned relative to the bearing housing 2 and the bearing cap 3. Radial strain gauges 41 are arranged on the outer surface of the outer ring 112 of the bearing outer ring to test the strain of the bearing outer ring 11 under radial load. The two outer sides of the bearing outer ring 11 are formed by bearing outer ring side rings 115, which act as beams in the axially simply supported beam unit. A certain number of evenly distributed axial strain gauges 42 are arranged on their end faces to test the strain of the bearing outer ring 11 under axial load. Between the two bearing outer ring side rings 115 is the bearing outer ring middle ring 117. Between the bearing outer ring middle ring 117 and the bearing outer ring side rings 115 are a certain number of evenly distributed axial inner bosses 116, which act as load-bearing bosses in the axially simply supported beam unit, responsible for transmitting axial loads to the beam structure, generating a large strain at the beam root.

[0011] The radial and axial annular long grooves are designed to penetrate the outer ring 11 of the bearing. The radial and axial annular long grooves are in a positional relationship, thereby forming the outer ring 112, the radial inner boss 113, the inner ring 114, the side ring 115, the axial inner boss 116, and the middle ring 117 of the outer ring. This makes each radially simply supported beam unit and each axially simply supported beam unit identical after the bearing 1 with the axial and radial annular long groove structure, the bearing housing 2 with the multi-bore structure, and the bearing cap 3 with the multi-bore structure are assembled.

[0012] The bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing housing positioning protrusion 21, a bearing housing outer ring 22, and a bearing housing radial outer protrusion 23. The outer ring of the bearing housing 2 with the multi-protrusion structure is the bearing housing outer ring 22. The inner surface of the bearing housing outer ring 22 is arranged with a number of uniformly distributed cuboid bearing housing radial outer protrusions 23 that are proportional to the number of rolling elements 12, which serve as supporting protrusions in the radially simply supported beam structure. The bearing housing positioning protrusion 21 is obtained by increasing the thickness of the bearing housing radial outer protrusion 23, which is used for circumferential positioning of the bearing outer ring 11. The length of the bearing housing positioning protrusion 21 and the bearing housing radial outer protrusion 23 is not greater than the width of the bearing outer ring middle ring 117, so as to avoid interference with the axially simply supported beam unit.

[0013] The bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing cap positioning protrusion 31, a bearing cap outer ring 32, and a bearing cap axially outward protrusion 33. The side ring of the bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure is the bearing cap outer ring 32. A certain number of evenly distributed cuboid bearing cap axially outward protrusions 33 are arranged on one end face of the bearing cap outer ring 32, which serve as supporting protrusions in the axially simply supported beam structure. A portion of the bearing cap axially outward protrusions 33 is thickened to form the bearing cap positioning protrusion 31, which is used for positioning between the bearing cap 3 and the bearing outer ring 11. The lengths of the bearing cap positioning protrusion 31 and the bearing cap axially outward protrusions 33 are not greater than the thickness of the bearing outer ring side ring 115, so as to avoid interference with the radially simply supported beam unit.

[0014] The bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring form a bearing unit for testing radial load. The radial outer protrusion 23 of the bearing housing is located between the radial inner protrusions 113 of the two bearing outer rings, forming multiple identical radial simply supported beam structures. The outer ring 112 of the bearing outer ring, which acts as a beam in the radial simply supported beam structure, has a certain thickness. The positioning protrusion 21 of the bearing housing is connected to the positioning groove 111 of the bearing outer ring to form a positioning between the bearing housing 2 and the bearing outer ring 11, which is used to prevent rotation between the bearing housing 2 and the bearing outer ring 11 and avoid affecting the radial simply supported beam unit structure.

[0015] The bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure on the outer ring form a bearing unit for testing axial load. The axial outer protrusion 33 of the bearing cap with a multi-protrusion structure is located between the axial inner protrusions 116 of the two outer rings of the bearing, forming multiple identical axial simply supported beam structures. The bearing outer ring side ring 115, which acts as a beam in the axial simply supported beam structure, has a certain thickness. The bearing cap positioning protrusion 31 is connected to the bearing outer ring positioning groove 111 for positioning between the bearing cap 3 and the bearing outer ring 11, and for preventing rotation between the bearing cap 3 and the bearing outer ring 11 to avoid affecting the axial simply supported beam unit structure.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention proposes a bearing unit with load testing function, including a bearing with an annular long waist groove flexible structure on the outer ring, a bearing seat with a multi-protrusion structure and a bearing end cover with a multi-protrusion structure, so that the outer ring of the bearing can generate strain when subjected to radial and axial loads. By testing the strain, the radial load, internal load and axial load of the bearing can be measured.

[0017] (2) The bearing housing with a multi-protrusion structure is assembled with the bearing outer ring with a flexible annular long groove structure to form a radially simply supported beam structure. The strain under radial load is obtained through strain testing to realize radial load testing. The relationship between the number of radial protrusions on the outer ring and the number of rolling elements is ( It can obtain the load distribution of the rolling elements inside the bearing under static conditions.

[0018] (3) The bearing cap with a multi-protrusion structure is assembled with the bearing outer ring to form an axially simply supported beam structure, and a certain number of axial strain gauges are arranged on one side of the outer ring to obtain the axial load and axial off-center load under static or dynamic conditions. (4) The radial simply supported beam structure formed by the bearing housing and the bearing outer ring does not interfere with each other and has no coupling effect with the axial simply supported beam structure formed by the bearing cover and the bearing outer ring. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure on the outer ring, the bearing seat with a multi-protrusion structure, and the bearing cover with a multi-protrusion structure of the present invention. Figure 2(a) is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the bearing of the present invention with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure on the outer ring; Figure 2(b) is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing outer ring with axial and radial annular elongated groove structure of the present invention; Figure 2(c) is an enlarged three-dimensional structural view of the bearing outer ring with axial and radial annular elongated groove structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing seat sleeve with a multi-protrusion structure according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing cap with a multi-protrusion structure according to the present invention; Figure 5(a) is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing housing and bearing assembly in the bearing unit of the present invention; Figure 5(b) is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing cap and bearing assembly in the bearing unit of the present invention; Figure 6(a) is a diagram of the radial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the force transmission of the radial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 6(c) shows the position of the rolling element. Simplified schematic diagram of rolling element load distribution during operation; Figure 6(d) shows the position of the rolling element. Simplified schematic diagram of radial force transmission and distribution during time; Figure 7(a) is a diagram of the axial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the force transmission of the axial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 7(c) is a schematic diagram of the axial load-bearing capacity of the axial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 7(d) is a schematic diagram of the axial load of the axial flexible support structure of the present invention; Figure 7(e) is a schematic diagram of the axial flexible support structure of the present invention under axial off-center load. Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the radial and axial strain gauge arrangement; Figure 8(b) is a schematic diagram of the axial integral strain gauge arrangement; Figure 8(c) is a schematic diagram of the radial integral strain gauge arrangement.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Bearing with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring; 2. Bearing housing with a multi-bore structure; 3. Bearing cap with a multi-bore structure; 4. Strain gauge; 11. Bearing outer ring with an axial and radial annular long groove structure; 12. Rolling element; 13. Cage; 14. Bearing inner ring; 111. Bearing outer ring locating groove; 112. Bearing outer ring outer ring; 113. Bearing outer ring radial inner boss; 114. Bearing outer ring inner ring; 115. Bearing outer ring side ring; 116. Bearing outer ring axial inner boss; 117. Bearing outer ring middle ring; 21. Bearing housing locating boss; 22. Bearing housing outer ring; 23. Bearing housing radial outer boss; 31. Bearing cap locating boss; 32. Bearing cap side ring; 33. Bearing cap axial outer boss; 41. Radial test strain gauge; 42. Axial test strain gauge; 2L. The angle between the left side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the strain group, 1L, and the angle between the left side and the radial load is... The strain gauge corresponding to the radial inner boss of the bearing outer ring is 0, and the angle between it and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the strain gauge group, 2R, and the angle between the right side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the strain group, 1R, and the angle between the right side and the radial load is... The strain set corresponding to the inner boss, z1, and the strain set corresponding to the axial inner boss of the outer ring. The angle between the first rolling element on the right and the radial load ( a) The angle between the right side and the radial load is The outer boss, b, has an angle between its right side and the radial load. The outer protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0022] Combination Figure 1 A bearing unit with load testing function includes a bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring, a bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure, a bearing cover 3 with a multi-protrusion structure, and a strain gauge 4. The bearing housing 2 and the bearing cover 3 with the multi-protrusion structure are assembled with the bearing 1 at specific positions to form multiple radial and axial simply supported beam units. When subjected to load, the simply supported beam structure can generate a large strain, and the load test is achieved by measuring the strain through the strain gauge 4.

[0023] Referring to Figure 2(a), the bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure includes an outer ring 11 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure, rolling elements 12, a cage 13, and an inner ring 14. The outer ring 11 with the axial and radial annular long groove structure has an axial annular long groove with the same number of axial outer bosses as the bearing cap 3 and radial annular long grooves with the same number of radial outer bosses as the bearing housing 2 and evenly distributed (as shown in Figure 2(c)). When assembled with the bearing housing 2 with a multi-bore structure and the bearing cap 3 with a multi-bore structure, Figure 3 The radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing is located exactly at the center of the radial annular long groove, forming a radial simply supported beam element with a roller number factor relationship. It is used to test the radial load and the radial internal load distribution. Figure 4 The axial outer boss 33 of the bearing cap is located at the center of the axial annular long groove, forming a certain number of axial simply supported beam units for testing axial load.

[0024] Referring to Figure 2(b), the bearing outer ring 11 with axial and radial annular elongated groove structure includes a bearing outer ring positioning groove 111, a bearing outer ring 112, a bearing outer ring radial inner boss 113, a bearing outer ring inner ring 114, a bearing outer ring side ring 115, a bearing outer ring axial inner boss 116, and a bearing outer ring middle ring 117. The bearing outer ring 11 with axial and radial annular elongated grooves has an inner ring 114 on its inner side, which is used to transfer loads to the axial and radial simply supported beam unit. The inner ring 114 has radial inner bosses 113 of a number proportional to the number of rolling elements 12 and evenly distributed, which act as load-bearing bosses in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer side of the inner bosses 113 is a bearing outer ring 112 with a certain thickness, which acts as a beam in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer side of the outer ring 112 has a circumferential positioning groove 111, which is used to position the bearing 1 with axial and radial annular elongated grooves, the bearing housing 2, and the bearing cap 3. The outer surface of the outer ring 112 is covered with... A certain number of radial strain gauges 41 are placed to test the strain of the bearing outer ring 11 under radial load. The outer sides of the bearing outer ring 11 are bearing outer ring side rings 115 with a certain thickness, which act as beams in the axially simply supported beam unit. A certain number of evenly distributed axial strain gauges 42 are arranged on their end faces to test the strain of the bearing outer ring 11 under axial load. The middle of the two side rings 115 of the bearing outer ring is an outer ring middle ring 117. A certain number of evenly distributed axial inner bosses 116 are provided between the bearing outer ring middle ring 117 and the bearing outer ring side rings 115. These bosses act as load-bearing bosses in the axially simply supported beam unit, responsible for transmitting axial load to the beam structure and generating a large strain at the beam root.

[0025] As shown in Figure 2(c), the radial and axial annular long grooves penetrate the bearing outer ring 11 with the axial and radial annular long groove structure. The radial and axial annular long grooves have a certain positional relationship, thereby forming the bearing outer ring 112, the bearing outer ring radial inner boss 113, the bearing outer ring inner ring 114, the bearing outer ring side ring 115, the bearing outer ring axial inner boss 116, and the bearing outer ring middle ring 117 with a certain positional relationship. This makes each radially simply supported beam unit formed after the bearing 1 with the axial and radial annular long groove structure, the bearing seat 2 with the multi-bore structure, and the bearing cap 3 with the multi-bore structure are the same, and each axially simply supported beam unit is also the same.

[0026] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing housing positioning boss 21, a bearing housing outer ring 22, and a bearing housing radial outer boss 23. The outer ring of the bearing housing 2 with the multi-protrusion structure is the bearing housing outer ring 22. The inner surface of the bearing housing outer ring 22 is arranged with rectangular radial outer bosses 23, the number of which is proportional to the number of rolling elements 12 and is evenly distributed. These bosses act as supporting bosses in the radially simply supported beam structure. The bearing housing positioning boss 21 is obtained by increasing the thickness of the bearing housing radial outer boss 23. It is used for circumferential positioning of the bearing outer ring 11. The length of the bearing housing positioning boss 21 and the bearing housing radial outer boss 23 is not greater than the width of the outer ring 117 to avoid interference with the axially simply supported beam unit.

[0027] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing cap positioning protrusion 31, a bearing cap outer ring 32, and a bearing cap axial outer protrusion 33. The side ring of the bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure is the bearing cap outer ring 32. A certain number of evenly distributed cuboid-shaped bearing cap axial outer protrusions 33 are arranged on one side end face of the bearing cap outer ring 32, which are used to act as support protrusions in the axially simply supported beam structure. A portion of the bearing cap axial outer protrusion 33 is thickened to form the bearing cap positioning protrusion 31, which is used for positioning between the bearing cap 3 and the bearing outer ring 11. The length of the bearing cap positioning protrusion 31 and the bearing cap axial outer protrusion 33 is not greater than the thickness of the outer ring side ring 115, so as to avoid interference with the radially simply supported beam unit.

[0028] As shown in Figure 5(a), the bearing housing 2 with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring constitute the bearing unit of the present invention for testing radial load. The outer protrusion 23 of the bearing housing is located between the radial inner protrusion 113 of the two outer rings of the bearing, forming multiple identical radial simply supported beam structures. The outer ring 112 of the bearing outer ring, which acts as a beam in the radial simply supported beam structure, has a certain thickness, which directly affects the magnitude of the strain. The optimal calibration results under different radial loads can be achieved by controlling its thickness. The positioning protrusion 21 of the bearing housing is connected to the positioning groove 111 of the bearing outer ring to form a positioning between the bearing housing 2 and the bearing outer ring 11, which is used to prevent rotation between the bearing housing 2 and the bearing outer ring 11 and avoid affecting the structure of the radial simply supported beam unit.

[0029] As shown in Figure 5(b), the bearing cap 3 with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing 1 with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring constitute the bearing unit of the present invention for testing axial load. The outer protrusion 33 of the bearing cap with a multi-protrusion structure is located between the inner axial protrusions 116 of the two outer rings of the bearing, forming multiple identical axially simply supported beam structures. The outer ring side ring 115 of the bearing, which acts as a beam in the axially simply supported beam structure, has a certain thickness, and the optimal calibration results under different axial loads can be achieved by controlling its thickness. The positioning protrusion 31 of the bearing cap is connected to the positioning groove 111 of the outer ring of the bearing, and is used for positioning between the bearing cap 3 and the outer ring 11 of the bearing, to prevent rotation between the bearing cap 3 and the outer ring 11 of the bearing, and to avoid affecting the axially simply supported beam unit structure.

[0030] like Figure 6(a) , 6(b) It has a bearing unit test method. When the radial load is applied to the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring bearing through the inner ring 114 of the outer ring bearing, the load borne by the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring bearing is evenly transmitted to the radial outer bosses 23 of the two bearing housings. At this time, the deformation at the root of the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring bearing and the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing is the largest. The root deformation of the two radial outer bosses 23 of the bearing housings on the side of the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring bearing is only related to the load of the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring bearing, and the interference of other radial inner bosses 113 of the outer ring bearing is ignored. As shown in Figure 6(c), when the bearing radial clearance When the bearing rolling elements 12 are distributed within an angle of less than or equal to 90° with the radial load, they bear the load. Among them, the bearing rolling element 12 with the smallest angle with the radial load bears the largest load, while the load of the other bearing rolling elements 12 decreases as the angle increases. As shown in Figure 6(d), when the radial load forms an angle between the first bearing rolling element 12 on the right and the radial load... At that time, the relationship between the load on each bearing rolling element 12 and the radial load is as follows: (1) In the formula, It is the radial load of the bearing; It is a serial number. The load on the rolling element 12 of the bearing, the included angle between the rolling elements The load on the rolling element 12 of the bearing is directly transferred from the inner ring 114 of the outer ring to the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring. The load transfer formula is as follows: (2) In the formula, The angles between the right side and the radial load are respectively... The load on the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring of the bearings numbered ad, ab, bc. The angles between the left side and the radial load are respectively... The load on the radial inner bosses 113 of the outer ring of the bearings numbered de and ef is then transferred from the radial inner bosses 113 of the outer ring of the bearings to the radial outer bosses 23 of the two bearing housings on both sides via the outer ring 112 of the outer ring of the bearings. At the same time, one radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing also bears the load of the radial inner bosses 113 of the two outer rings of the bearings on both sides. The load transfer formula is: (3) In the formula, The angles between the right side and the radial load are respectively... The load on the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housings numbered a, b, and c. The angles between the left side and the radial load are respectively... The load on the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing, numbered d, e, and f; therefore, when the radial load forms an angle between the first bearing rolling element 12 on the right and the radial load... At that time, the load borne by each radial inner boss 116 is the load of its corresponding rolling element 12, and the strain at the root of the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing on both sides of the radial inner boss 116 is only related to the load of the inner boss 116.

[0031] like Figure 7(a) , 7(b) When the axial load is applied to the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring through the middle ring 117 of the bearing outer ring, the load borne by the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring is evenly transmitted to the two axial outer bosses 33 of the bearing cap. At this time, the deformation at the root of the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring and the axial outer boss 33 of the bearing cap is the largest. And through simulation verification, the root deformation of the two bearing caps axial outer bosses 33 near the radial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring is only related to the load of the radial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring, and the interference of other radial inner bosses 116 of the bearing outer ring is ignored. As shown in Figure 7(c), one side of the outer ring 11 of the bearing has The bearing outer ring has an axial inner boss 116, when the axial load is... When the bearing cap protrusions axially on a single outer ring bearing are evenly distributed on the inner ring, the force they bear is... The strain value corresponding to the strain group is the load. The magnitude of strain in a simply supported beam structure.

[0032] As shown in Figure 7(d), when the bearing is set 116 axial inner boss and When there are multiple strain groups, the strain group number is: When axial load When acting on the centroid of the bearing, the relationship between the loads on each boss is as follows: (4) (5) In the formula, These are strain groups The corresponding load on the axial inner boss 116, This is the load-strain relationship coefficient for the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring. These are axial loads Strain profile when acting on the centroid of the bearing The test strain value.

[0033] As shown in Figure 7(e), when under axial load Under the action of another radial force When acting on the shaft, the load on each boss is , , , (6) (7) (8) Off-center loading will generate a bending moment on the bearing, the bending moment force is (9) The bending moment is (10) In the formula This is the distance between the axial inner boss 116 and the bearing centroid. Radial force When acting on the shaft The strain values ​​generated by the strain set.

[0034] As shown in Figure 8(a), radial strain gauges 4 are arranged on both sides of the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing on the outer side of the outer ring 112 of the bearing outer ring, and axial strain gauges 4 are arranged on both sides of the axial outer boss 33 of the bearing cap on the outer side ring 115 of the bearing outer ring. The distance between the edge of the radial and axial strain gauges 4 and the radial outer boss 23 of the bearing housing is about 1 mm to avoid circumferential movement of the bearing and damage to the strain gauges 4. Since one radial inner boss 113 of the bearing outer ring and the two radial outer bosses 23 of the bearing housing on both sides form a simply supported beam structure, the two strain gauges 4 between the two radial outer bosses 23 of the bearing housing on both sides of the radial inner boss 113 of the bearing outer ring are a group. The axial strain gauges are similar, as shown in Figure 7(b). The sum of the two strain values ​​of a group is the strain generated when the corresponding radial inner boss 113 of the bearing outer ring (axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring) is subjected to load. ,in, These are the strain values ​​of the two strain gauges in strain group 1 on the left, and so on for the rest; As shown in Figure 8(b), in the radial direction, since the radial clearance of the tested bearing is greater than zero, strain gauges 4 are arranged between the two radial outer bosses 23 of the bearing housing corresponding to the radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring 11 of the bearing with an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees with the radial load. The strain groups are numbered as …2L, 1L, 0, 1R, 2R…, which are used to test the strain generated by the simple beam structure corresponding to the radial inner boss 113 of each outer ring of the bearing under radial load.

[0035] As shown in Figure 8(c), in the axial direction, the bearing outer ring 11 is uniformly arranged circumferentially on both end faces (the root of the bearing cap axial outer boss 33). Four strain gauge groups, numbered 1B, 1F, 2B, 2F, 3B, 3F…, are used to test the strain generated in a simple beam structure under axial loads at both ends; the included angles between 1F, 2F, 3F… are… The included angle between 1B, 2B, 3B... is , .

[0036] The specific steps are as follows: 1.1 Radial Load Calibration: The outer ring 11 of the bearing is fixedly installed in the bearing housing 2 and the bearing cap 3 with the multi-protrusion structure. The radial load is applied to the inner ring 14 of the bearing along the y-direction through the shaft. The load magnitude is controlled by a pressure testing machine, and the 0-strain group is selected to calibrate the static radial load. During calibration, the bearing rolling elements 12 correspond one-to-one with the radial inner protrusions 113 of the outer ring of the bearing. The position of the bearing rolling elements 12 is... Test data for zero strain under different loads were obtained. The obtained zero strain data under different loads were then fitted using the least squares method. The slope of the fitted curve is the coefficient of relationship between radial load and strain. ; In the formula, It is the coefficient relating the radial load to the zero-strain group under static conditions. It is a radial load. This is the strain of the 0-strain group; When the bearing rolling elements 12 correspond one-to-one with the radial inner bosses 113 of the bearing outer ring, the positions of the bearing rolling elements 12 are... At this point, the load borne by each radial inner boss 113 of the outer ring of the bearing is the load borne by the rolling element 12 of the bearing. Based on the data of different strain sets and the principle of rolling element load distribution, we obtain... (11) In the formula, The radial loads are serial numbers on the right. The bearing rolling element load, They are numbered The strain values ​​of the strain group are not distinguished between the left and right sides at this time; They are numbered The relationship coefficients between the rolling element load and the strain group are considered. Taking into account that the corresponding simply supported beam structures for different strain groups are the same, the relationship coefficients between the rolling element load and the strain group are assumed to be the same. ; (12) (13) (14) (15) Obtain strain values ​​for different strain groups Substituting these equations into equations (1), (2), (3), (11), (12), (13), (14), and (15) yields the coefficients relating the rolling element load to its strain. and the load distribution of rolling elements; 1.2 Axial Load Calibration: The outer ring 11 of the bearing is fixedly installed in the bearing housing 2 and the bearing cap 3 with the multi-protrusion structure. The axial load is applied to the inner ring 14 of the bearing along the axial direction through the shaft, keeping the force as uniform and non-eccentric as possible. The load magnitude is controlled by a pressure testing machine. During calibration, the bearing rolling elements 12 correspond one-to-one with the axial inner protrusions 116 of the outer ring of the bearing. The position of the bearing rolling elements 12 is... Six sets of strain data were obtained under different loads. The strain data under different loads were averaged and then fitted using the least squares method. The slope of the fitted curve is the strain relationship coefficient between the axial load and each strain group. The strain coefficients relating the load on the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring to the strain set are as follows: In the formula, It is the coefficient relating axial load and strain group under static conditions. It is an axial load. …representing strain groups …response; The coefficients relating the load on the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring to the strain of the corresponding strain group are given.

[0037] The load on the axial inner boss 116 is related to the strain coefficient of the strain set. Substituting the strain values ​​obtained from the experiment into formula (5), the actual loads on the axial inner boss 116 of the bearing outer ring corresponding to each strain group are calculated as follows: …and then …Substituting these equations into equations (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10), the bearing bending moment was calculated. .

Claims

1. A bearing unit with load testing function, characterized in that, The bearing unit includes a bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring, a bearing housing (2) with a multi-protrusion structure, a bearing cap (3) with a multi-protrusion structure, and a strain gauge (4). The bearing housing (2) with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing cap (3) with a multi-protrusion structure are assembled with the bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on the outer ring to form multiple radial and axial simply supported beam units. When subjected to load, the strain generated by the simply supported beam structure is tested by the strain gauge (4) to realize the load test. The bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure includes an outer ring (11) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure, rolling elements (12), a cage (13) and an inner ring (14). The outer ring (11) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure has an axial annular long groove with the same number of axial outer bosses as the bearing cap (3) and a radial annular long groove with the same number of radial outer bosses as the bearing housing (2) and evenly distributed. When it is matched and assembled with the bearing housing (2) with a multi-bore structure and the bearing cap (3) with a multi-bore structure, the radial outer boss (23) of the bearing housing is located at the center of the radial annular long groove, forming a radial simply supported beam unit with a number of rollers as a factor, which is used to test the radial load and the radial internal load distribution; at the same time, the axial outer boss (33) of the bearing cap is located at the center of the axial annular long groove, forming a certain number of axial simply supported beam units, which are used to test the axial load. The bearing outer ring (11) with axial and radial annular elongated grooves includes a bearing outer ring positioning groove (111), an outer ring (112), a radial inner boss (113), an inner ring (114), a side ring (115), an axial inner boss (116), and a middle ring (117). The inner side of the bearing outer ring (11) with axial and radial annular elongated grooves is the inner ring (114), used for transmission. The load is transferred to the axial and radial simply supported beam units. The outer ring (114) of the bearing outer ring is provided with a radial inner boss (113) that is proportional to the number of rolling elements (12) and is evenly distributed. This serves as the bearing boss in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer ring (112) of the bearing outer ring is located outside the radial inner boss (113). This ring serves as the beam in the radial simply supported beam unit. The outer ring (112) of the bearing outer ring is provided with a circumferential bearing outer ring positioning groove (111). The bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long groove structure on its outer ring is used to position the bearing (2) and bearing cover (3) in relation to each other. Radial test strain gauges (41) are arranged on the outer surface of the outer ring (112) of the bearing outer ring to test the strain of the bearing outer ring (11) under radial load. The outer sides of the bearing outer ring (11) are the bearing outer ring side rings (115), which act as beams in the axial simply supported beam unit, and a certain number of evenly distributed axial test strain gauges (42) are arranged on their end faces to test the strain of the bearing outer ring (11) under axial load. The middle of the two bearing outer ring side rings (115) is the bearing outer ring middle ring (117). A certain number of evenly distributed bearing outer ring axial inner bosses (116) are provided between the bearing outer ring middle ring (117) and the bearing outer ring side rings (115) to act as load-bearing bosses in the axial simply supported beam unit, responsible for transmitting axial loads to the beam structure and generating large strain at the beam root.

2. The bearing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial and axial annular long waist grooves are set to penetrate the outer ring of the bearing (11). The radial annular long waist grooves and the axial annular long waist grooves have a positional relationship, thereby forming the outer ring (112), the radial inner boss (113), the inner ring (114), the side ring (115), the axial inner boss (116), and the middle ring (117) of the outer ring of the bearing, which have a certain positional relationship. This makes each radially simply supported beam unit formed after the bearing (1) with the axial and radial annular long waist groove structure, the bearing seat (2) with the multi-boom structure, and the bearing cover (3) with the multi-boom structure are the same, and each axially simply supported beam unit is also the same.

3. The bearing unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing housing (2) with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing housing positioning boss (21), a bearing housing outer ring (22), and a bearing housing radial outer boss (23). The outer ring of the bearing housing (2) with a multi-protrusion structure is the bearing housing outer ring (22). The inner surface of the bearing housing outer ring (22) is arranged with cuboid bearing housing radial outer bosses (23) that are proportional to the number of rolling elements (12) and are evenly distributed. These are used to act as support bosses in the radially simply supported beam structure. The bearing housing radial outer boss (23) is thickened to obtain the bearing housing positioning boss (21), which is used for circumferential positioning of the bearing outer ring (11). The length of the bearing housing positioning boss (21) and the bearing housing radial outer boss (23) is not greater than the width of the bearing outer ring middle ring (117) to avoid interference with the axial simply supported beam unit.

4. The bearing unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bearing cap (3) with a multi-protrusion structure includes a bearing cap positioning boss (31), a bearing cap outer ring (32), and a bearing cap axial outer boss (33). The side ring of the bearing cap (3) with a multi-protrusion structure is the bearing cap outer ring (32). A certain number of evenly distributed cuboid bearing cap axial outer bosses (33) are arranged on one side end face of the bearing cap outer ring (32) to act as supporting bosses in the axially simply supported beam structure. A portion of the bearing cap axial outer boss (33) is thickened to obtain the bearing cap positioning boss (31), which is used for positioning between the bearing cap (3) and the bearing outer ring (11). The length of the bearing cap positioning boss (31) and the bearing cap axial outer boss (33) is not greater than the thickness of the bearing outer ring side ring (115) to avoid interference with the radially simply supported beam unit.

5. The bearing unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bearing housing (2) with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure on the outer ring form a bearing unit for testing radial load; the radial outer protrusion (23) of the bearing housing is located between the radial inner protrusion (113) of the two bearing outer rings, forming multiple identical radial simply supported beam structures, wherein the outer ring (112) of the bearing outer ring, which plays the role of a beam in the radial simply supported beam structure, has a certain thickness; the positioning protrusion (21) of the bearing housing is connected to the positioning groove (111) of the bearing outer ring to form a positioning between the bearing housing (2) and the bearing outer ring (11), which is used to prevent the bearing housing (2) and the bearing outer ring (11) from rotating and avoid affecting the radial simply supported beam unit structure.

6. The bearing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bearing cap (3) with a multi-protrusion structure and the bearing (1) with an axial and radial annular long waist groove structure on the outer ring form a bearing unit for testing axial load. The axial outer protrusion (33) of the bearing cap with a multi-protrusion structure is located between the axial inner protrusion (116) of the two outer rings of the bearing, forming multiple identical axial simply supported beam structures. The bearing outer ring side ring (115) that acts as a beam in the axial simply supported beam structure has a certain thickness. The bearing cap positioning protrusion (31) is connected to the bearing outer ring positioning groove (111) for positioning between the bearing cap (3) and the bearing outer ring (11) to prevent rotation between the bearing cap (3) and the bearing outer ring (11) and avoid affecting the axial simply supported beam unit structure.

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