Time domain equivalent Q field multi-dimensional all-around collaborative quality control method and device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a time domain equivalent Q field multi-dimensional full-azimuth collaborative quality control method and device, comprising: acquiring a work area seismic data body, a time domain equivalent Q field and a root mean square velocity model; determining whether the work area seismic data body and the time domain equivalent Q field are completely matched, and if yes, the quality control passes; determining a Vel / Q field of a stratum quality factor rate of change with velocity and a t / Q field of a stratum quality factor rate of change with time according to the time domain equivalent Q field of the above step; and controlling the vertical seismic wave, the lateral amplitude change rate, the three-dimensional structure space change and the reflection layer position amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, the Vel / Q field and the t / Q field respectively, and if the quality control results are all passed, the time domain equivalent Q field quality control passes. The present disclosure solves the problem that there is no effective and systematic quality control method for the established time domain Q field, resulting in low precision of the established time domain Q field and inability to meet the precision requirements of subsequent seismic data interpretation and processing results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method and device. Background Technology

[0002] High-resolution processing is a perpetual pursuit in the field of seismic data processing. In recent years, with the development of geophysical exploration technology, time-domain Q-fields have been increasingly used in processing techniques. There are many ways to obtain time-domain Q-fields, such as interpolation fitting after calculating Q-values ​​using the spectral ratio method, interpolation extrapolation using continuous Q-values ​​obtained from VSP data, or filling in geological models. Some commercial software, as well as processing techniques and software independently developed by universities, research institutes, and oilfield research institutes, can all complete the establishment and acquisition of time-domain Q-fields. Time-domain Q-fields can be used for inverse Q-filtering on post-stack seismic data or pre-stack data. In recent years, time-domain Q-migrating technology has increasingly required accurate and reasonable time-domain Q-fields as input data for collaborative migration. The accuracy of the time-domain Q-field determines the accuracy of the processing results. However, currently, there is no effective quality control method for time-domain Q-fields in the industry. This leads to situations where the established time-domain Q-field may have Q-value ranges that do not conform to the actual absorption and attenuation of the strata in the study area, and may also exhibit numerical inversions, local anomalies, and discrepancies between numerical changes and tectonic trends. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure proposes a multi-dimensional, all-round collaborative quality control method and device for time-domain equivalent Q-fields, in order to solve the problem that there is no effective and systematic quality control method for the established time-domain Q-fields in the past, which leads to low accuracy of the established time-domain Q-fields and cannot meet the accuracy requirements of subsequent seismic data interpretation and processing results.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a multi-dimensional, all-round collaborative quality control method for time-domain equivalent Q-field is provided, comprising:

[0005] Step S01: Obtain the seismic data volume, time-domain equivalent Q-field, and root mean square velocity model of the work area;

[0006] Step S02: Determine whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time domain equivalent Q field. If yes, the quality control is passed.

[0007] Step S03: Based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed by quality control in step S02, determine the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity, and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time.

[0008] Step S04: Perform quality control on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection layer amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field respectively. If the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time domain equivalent Q field is passed.

[0009] Preferably, before step S02: determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area completely matches the time-domain equivalent Q field, the method further includes:

[0010] The time-domain equivalent Q-field is regularized to obtain the regularized time-domain equivalent Q-field.

[0011] Preferably, the method for determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area completely matches the time-domain equivalent Q-field includes:

[0012] Determine whether the sampling interval and the number of sample points for each trace are the same between the seismic data volume of the work area and the equivalent Q field in the time domain. If yes, then the seismic data volume of the work area and the equivalent Q field in the time domain are a perfect match.

[0013] Preferably, step S03: the method for determining the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed in step S02 quality control, includes:

[0014] Divide the root mean square velocity model by the time domain Q field to obtain the Vel / Q field;

[0015] Divide the travel time t corresponding to each point in the time domain Q field by the Q value at that point to obtain the t / Q field.

[0016] Preferably, the method for quality control of vertical seismic waves in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes: determining whether there is vertical numerical reversal in each record trace in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field; if yes, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0017] The method for quality control of the transverse amplitude change rate of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: extracting isochronous slice amplitude attributes from the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field respectively, and determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted amplitude attributes. If so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0018] The method for quality control of the three-dimensional structural space changes of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: displaying the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field in three-dimensional numerical form, determining whether there are local anomalies within the three-dimensional numerical range, and if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0019] The method for quality control of the reflection horizon amplitude and phase of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field includes: determining the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; extracting peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase along the horizon of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field corresponding to the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase; if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0020] Preferably, the method for determining whether there is a vertical numerical inversion in each record track in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes:

[0021] If the recorded values ​​of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field do not change unidirectionally along the time axis increment, then there is a vertical value reversal.

[0022] Preferably, the method for determining whether the extracted amplitude attribute has an abnormal abrupt change includes:

[0023] Regarding the extracted amplitude attributes, the maximum and minimum amplitude values ​​are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the stratum is greater than a predetermined angle.

[0024] If the maximum amplitude value exceeds the minimum amplitude value by a first predetermined percentage, then the extracted amplitude attribute exhibits an abnormal abrupt change.

[0025] Preferably, the method for determining whether there are local anomalies within the three-dimensional numerical range includes:

[0026] In the three-dimensional numerical display of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the stratum is greater than the first predetermined angle;

[0027] If the maximum amplitude value exceeds the minimum amplitude value by a second predetermined percentage, then there is a local anomaly within the three-dimensional numerical range.

[0028] Preferably, the method for determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, the maximum peak amplitude attribute of the coherent volume, and the instantaneous phase includes:

[0029] Among the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase, the maximum amplitude value and minimum amplitude value are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the corresponding stratum dip angle is greater than the first predetermined angle.

[0030] If the maximum amplitude value selected for the peak amplitude attribute exceeds the third predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, if the maximum amplitude value selected for the coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute exceeds the fourth predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, and if the absolute value of the difference between the maximum amplitude value selected for the instantaneous phase and the minimum amplitude value is greater than the second predetermined angle, then there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase.

[0031] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control device is provided, comprising:

[0032] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the seismic data volume of the work area, the time-domain equivalent Q field, and the root mean square velocity model.

[0033] The matching judgment unit is used to determine whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time domain equivalent Q field. If it is, the quality control is passed.

[0034] The Vel / Q field and t / Q field determination unit is used to determine the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed by the matching judgment unit quality control.

[0035] The quality control unit is used to perform quality control on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection layer amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, respectively. If the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time domain equivalent Q field is passed.

[0036] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0037] This disclosure proposes a multi-dimensional, comprehensive collaborative quality control method and device for the time-domain equivalent Q-field. In addition to quality control of the time-domain Q-field itself, it also establishes Vel / Q field and t / Q field with greater geophysical significance for joint quality control. Comprehensive quality control is carried out on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection horizon amplitude and phase of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, so as to obtain a time-domain Q-field with the required accuracy. This enables the final seismic data processing results to meet the geological requirements of exploration and development. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 1 A flowchart is shown for a time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0041] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0042] In this document, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0043] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1As shown, a multi-dimensional, comprehensive collaborative quality control method for the time-domain equivalent Q-field includes: Step S01: acquiring the seismic data volume of the work area, the time-domain equivalent Q-field, and the root mean square velocity model; Step S02: determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area and the time-domain equivalent Q-field are completely matched; if yes, the quality control is passed; Step S03: based on the time-domain equivalent Q-field that passed the quality control in Step S02, determining the Vel / Q-field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity, and the t / Q-field of the formation quality factor as a function of time; Step S04: performing quality control on the vertical seismic wave, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection horizon amplitude and phase of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field respectively; if the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time-domain equivalent Q-field is passed.

[0045] The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method provided in this embodiment of the invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S01: Obtain the seismic data volume, time-domain equivalent Q-field, and root mean square velocity model of the work area;

[0047] Step S02: Determine whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time domain equivalent Q field. If yes, the quality control is passed.

[0048] In this disclosure, before step S02: determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area and the time-domain equivalent Q field are completely matched, the method further includes: performing regularization processing on the time-domain equivalent Q field to obtain a regularized time-domain equivalent Q field.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, if the spatial distribution of the acquired seismic data volume is irregular, it is necessary to first perform regularization processing on the stacked seismic data volume to transform it into a regularized cubic shape. The regularization processing method is as follows: select the largest regularization range containing the seismic data volume; within the largest regularization range, fill the value of each sampling point at each surface element position in the area outside the seismic data volume with zeros to obtain the regularized seismic data volume.

[0050] In this disclosure, the method for determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time-domain equivalent Q-field includes: determining whether the sampling interval and the number of sample points for each trace are the same for the seismic data volume of the work area and the time-domain equivalent Q-field; if so, the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time-domain equivalent Q-field.

[0051] In this embodiment of the disclosure, step S02 involves performing "point" quality control on the time-domain Q-field comparison with the target seismic data volume to be processed. For example, if the sampling interval of the time-domain Q-field of the object under quality control is 2 ms, while the sampling interval of the seismic data volume to be processed is 1 ms, then this step fails the quality control. Similarly, if the sampling intervals of the seismic data volume to be processed and the time-domain Q-field to be quality control are the same, but the record length of the seismic data volume to be processed is 5000 ms, while the record length of the time-domain Q-field is 4000 ms, which is shorter than that of the seismic data volume to be processed, the quality control also fails.

[0052] This quality control step examines the sampling interval and the number of samples per trace in the time-domain Q-field to ensure they match the sampling interval and number of samples per trace of the target seismic data volume. If they match, the quality control is passed. This quality control demonstrates a complete match between the seismic data volume of the work area and the corresponding time-domain equivalent Q-field, thus laying the foundation for quality control in subsequent steps.

[0053] Step S03: Based on the time-domain equivalent Q field obtained from the quality control in step S02, determine the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity, and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time.

[0054] In this disclosure, step S03, which involves determining the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed in step S02, includes: dividing the root mean square velocity model by the time-domain Q field to obtain the Vel / Q field; and dividing the travel time t corresponding to each point in the time-domain Q field by the Q value at that point to obtain the t / Q field.

[0055] In this embodiment, the t / Q field is the formation quality factor variation rate field with time, used to characterize the rate of change of the degree of absorption and amplitude attenuation of seismic wave energy caused by the traversed strata per unit propagation time. The Vel / Q field is the formation quality factor variation rate field with velocity, used to characterize the degree of absorption of seismic waves propagating in the subsurface medium at different velocities; the Vel / Q field is obtained by dividing the velocity values ​​in the root mean square velocity model by the corresponding Q values ​​in the time domain Q field.

[0056] The objective physical basis of seismic wave propagation is that the cumulative absorption and attenuation of the strata must be increasing. By establishing the Vel / Q field and the t / Q field and performing quality control, it can be ensured that the time-domain Q field conforms to the real situation of the underground medium and the real physical laws, thus ensuring that the Q model used in subsequent applications has the correct mathematical basis and physical meaning.

[0057] If the quality control of the Vel / Q field and the t / Q field fails, it indicates that there is a problem with the method selection, process, or parameter selection for establishing the time-domain Q field. It cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of seismic waves propagating underground and cannot be applied to seismic data processing.

[0058] Step S04: Perform quality control on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection layer amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field respectively. If the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time domain equivalent Q field is passed.

[0059] In this disclosure, the method for quality control of vertical seismic waves in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes: determining whether there is vertical numerical reversal in each record trace in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field; if yes, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0060] In this disclosure, the method for determining whether there is a vertical numerical reversal in each recording track in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes: if the values ​​on the recording tracks in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field do not change unidirectionally along the time axis increment, then the vertical numerical reversal exists.

[0061] In this embodiment, quality control of vertical seismic waves involves performing "line"-level quality control on the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field. Quality control examines whether vertical numerical reversal exists in each trace of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field. If the values ​​on the traces do not change unidirectionally along the time axis, this step of quality control fails. Specifically, the time-domain Q-field and t / Q-field increase unidirectionally along the time axis, while the Vel / Q-field decreases unidirectionally. That is, if the value of the time-domain Q-field and t / Q-field at a certain time point in the vertical direction is less than the value at the previous time point, and if the value of the Vel / Q-field at a certain time point in the vertical direction is greater than the value at the previous time point, then vertical numerical reversal has occurred.

[0062] For example, in the time domain Q field recording channel, the Q value corresponding to 1000ms is 100, and the Q value corresponding to 1500ms should be greater than 100. If the Q value corresponding to 1500ms is 90, then the quality control fails.

[0063] For example, at 1000ms on the Vel / Q track, the velocity is 2500m / s, the Q value is 100, and the Vel / Q value is 25; at 2000ms on the track, the velocity is 4000m / s, the Q value is 200, and the Vel / Q value is 22, then the quality control passes; if the Q value at 2000ms is 120 and the Vel / Q value is 33.33, then the quality control fails.

[0064] For example, if the Q value is 100 and the t / Q value is 10 at 1000ms on the recording track in the t / Q field; the Q value is 150 and the t / Q value is 13.33 at 2000ms on the recording track; and the Q value is 200 and the t / Q value is 15 at 3000ms on the recording track, then the quality control is passed; if the Q value is 500 and the t / Q value is 6 at 3000ms, then the quality control is failed.

[0065] The objective physical basis of seismic wave propagation is that the cumulative absorption and attenuation of the strata must increase. The quality control in this step is to ensure that the physical meaning of the Q model conforms to the actual underground situation.

[0066] In this disclosure, the method for quality control of the transverse amplitude change rate of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: extracting isochronous slice amplitude attributes from the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field respectively, determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted amplitude attributes, and if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0067] In this disclosure, the method for determining whether the extracted amplitude attribute has an abnormal abrupt change includes: selecting the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the stratum is greater than a predetermined angle; if the maximum amplitude value exceeds the minimum amplitude value by a first predetermined percentage, then the extracted amplitude attribute has an abnormal abrupt change.

[0068] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the predetermined angle is 3 degrees, the predetermined number is 11, and the first predetermined percentage is 120%. Before extracting the amplitude attributes, if the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field are in su or Dio format, they need to be converted to segy format. That is, the format is first converted according to a format readable by the seismic interpretation system, and then imported into the seismic interpretation system for amplitude attribute extraction and quality control.

[0069] Quality control of the extracted amplitude attributes involves surface-level quality control of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field. Tectonic changes occur when the dip angle of the strata exceeds 3 degrees on the seismic profile. Isochronous slice amplitude attributes are extracted from the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field. Locations with dip angles greater than 3 degrees corresponding to these extracted amplitude attributes are identified. Among at least 11 sampling points along the structural strike direction at these locations, the maximum and minimum amplitude values ​​are selected. The maximum amplitude value is then checked to see if it exceeds 120% of the minimum amplitude value. If it does, the extracted amplitude attributes from the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, or t / Q-field exhibit an abnormal abrupt change, and the quality control fails. Otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0070] The time-domain Q-field is an equivalent physical quantity field, and there will be no abrupt changes in the transverse magnitude unrelated to structural changes. Otherwise, the rationality of the physical meaning would not hold. This step of quality control ensures that the transverse magnitude changes and rates of change of the three Q-fields are within the physical compliance range.

[0071] In this disclosure, the method for quality control of the three-dimensional structural space changes of the time-domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes: displaying the time-domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field in three-dimensional numerical form, determining whether there are local anomalies within the three-dimensional numerical range, and if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0072] In this disclosure, the method for determining whether there is a local anomaly within a three-dimensional numerical range includes: selecting the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field of the three-dimensional numerical display, in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the strata is greater than a first predetermined angle; if the maximum amplitude value exceeds a second predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, then there is a local anomaly within the three-dimensional numerical range.

[0073] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the second predetermined percentage is 105%. Three-dimensional numerical display involves gridding and visualizing the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field loaded into the seismic interpretation system. Quality control is performed on the three-dimensional numerically displayed time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field, which is considered "volume" quality control.

[0074] In the three-dimensional numerical display of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, at least 11 sampling points in the structural strike direction with a dip angle greater than 3 degrees are selected, and the maximum and minimum amplitude values ​​are selected. It is determined whether the maximum amplitude value exceeds 105% of the minimum amplitude value. If it does, it indicates that there is a local anomaly in the three-dimensional numerical range of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, or t / Q field, and the quality control fails. Otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0075] Underground structures should not exhibit significant changes in stratigraphic absorption and attenuation within a certain range of dip and strike directions. This step ensures that the changes in the controlled Q field in the structural space conform to objective laws by defining quantitative quality control standards in three-dimensional space.

[0076] In this disclosure, the method for quality control of the reflection horizon amplitude and phase of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field includes: determining the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; extracting peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase along the horizon of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field corresponding to the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase; if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

[0077] In this disclosure, the method for determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase includes: selecting the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the corresponding stratum dip angle is greater than a first predetermined angle, for each of the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase; if the maximum amplitude value selected for the peak amplitude attribute exceeds a third predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, if the maximum amplitude value selected for the coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute exceeds a fourth predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, and if the absolute value of the difference between the maximum amplitude value selected for the instantaneous phase and the minimum amplitude value is greater than a second predetermined angle, then there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase.

[0078] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the third predetermined percentage is 110%; the fourth predetermined percentage is 120%; and the second predetermined angle is 180 degrees.

[0079] The target reflection horizon is determined on the seismic data volume. There can be multiple target reflection horizons. In the seismic interpretation system, peak amplitude attributes, coherence volume maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase are extracted along the horizons corresponding to the target reflection horizons in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, respectively, to form peak amplitude attribute plane map, coherence volume maximum peak amplitude attribute plane map, and instantaneous phase plane map.

[0080] From at least 11 sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the strata is greater than 3 degrees on the peak amplitude attribute plane map, the coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute plane map, and the instantaneous phase plane map, select the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value.

[0081] Determine whether the maximum amplitude value selected in the peak amplitude attribute plane map exceeds 110% of the minimum amplitude value. If so, the extracted peak amplitude attribute has an abnormal abrupt change. Determine whether the maximum amplitude value selected in the coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute plane map exceeds 120% of the minimum amplitude value. If so, the extracted coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute has an abnormal abrupt change. Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value selected in the instantaneous phase plane map is greater than 180 degrees. If so, the extracted instantaneous phase has an abnormal abrupt change, and the quality control fails.

[0082] This step uses the amplitude and phase changes of seismic reflection horizons developed throughout the region for quality control, giving geological significance to simple numerical calculation-based quality control. The introduction of phase quality control provides a more reliable quantitative characterization of the time-domain Q-field of strata absorption for wave equations and full-wavefield Q-migration.

[0083] It is understood that the various method embodiments mentioned above in this disclosure can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle and logic. Due to space limitations, this disclosure will not elaborate further.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the above-described method of the specific implementation, the order in which each step is written does not imply a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0085] This disclosure also proposes a multi-dimensional, all-round collaborative quality control device for the time-domain equivalent Q-field, comprising: an acquisition unit for acquiring seismic data volume of the work area, the time-domain equivalent Q-field, and the root mean square velocity model; a matching judgment unit for judging whether the seismic data volume of the work area and the time-domain equivalent Q-field are completely matched, and if so, the quality control is passed; a Vel / Q-field and t / Q-field determination unit for determining the Vel / Q-field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q-field of the formation quality factor as a function of time based on the time-domain equivalent Q-field that has passed the quality control by the matching judgment unit; and a quality control unit for performing quality control on the vertical seismic wave, the lateral amplitude change rate, the three-dimensional structural spatial change, and the amplitude and phase of the reflection layer of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field, respectively, and if the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time-domain equivalent Q-field is passed.

[0086] In some embodiments, the functions or modules of the apparatus provided in this disclosure can be used to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation can be referred to the description of the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0087] If any quality control fails during the above steps, the obtained time domain Q field needs to be reconstructed or adjusted. If all quality control passes, the time domain Q field is output.

[0088] The core of this disclosure is the multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and coordinated quality control of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field, encompassing "points, lines, surfaces, volumes, and layers," ultimately yielding a time-domain Q-field that passes quality control. This invention fills a technological gap in the field of time-domain Q-field quality control, serving not only as a novel time-domain Q-field quality control method but also as a quality control standard for time-domain Q-fields.

[0089] The innovations of this disclosure are as follows: First, it introduces the "reflection layer" quality control dimension into the quality control of the seismic time-domain Q-field for the first time. The final result of seismic data processing should serve the geological needs of exploration and development, and the target reflection layer has actual geological significance. This dimension of quality control is a truly meaningful quality control targeting the exploration objective. Second, in addition to the quality control of the time-domain Q-field itself, two fields with greater geophysical significance, the Vel / Q field and the t / Q field, are introduced. The quality control of these two fields can ensure the correct geophysical meaning of the time-domain Q-field. Third, for the time-domain Q-field, an intermediate product of seismic data processing, existing seismic data interpretation software can be directly used for quality control, achieving integrated collaborative operation of processing and interpretation.

[0090] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional, all-round collaborative quality control method for time-domain equivalent Q-field, characterized in that, include: Step S01: Obtain the seismic data volume, time-domain equivalent Q-field, and root mean square velocity model of the work area; Step S02: Determine whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time domain equivalent Q field. If yes, the quality control is passed. Step S03: Based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed by quality control in step S02, determine the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity, and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time. Step S04: Perform quality control on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection layer amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field respectively. If the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time domain equivalent Q field is passed.

2. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S02: determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area completely matches the time-domain equivalent Q field, the method further includes: The time-domain equivalent Q-field is regularized to obtain the regularized time-domain equivalent Q-field.

3. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the seismic data volume of the work area completely matches the time-domain equivalent Q field includes: Determine whether the sampling interval and the number of sample points for each trace are the same between the seismic data volume of the work area and the equivalent Q field in the time domain. If yes, then the seismic data volume of the work area and the equivalent Q field in the time domain are a perfect match.

4. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S03: Based on the time-domain equivalent Q-field passed in step S02, the method for determining the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time includes: Divide the root mean square velocity model by the time domain Q field to obtain the Vel / Q field; Divide the travel time t corresponding to each point in the time domain Q field by the Q value at that point to obtain the t / Q field.

5. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for quality control of vertical seismic waves in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: determining whether there is vertical numerical reversal in each record trace in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field respectively; if yes, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes. The method for quality control of the transverse amplitude change rate of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: extracting isochronous slice amplitude attributes from the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field respectively, and determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted amplitude attributes. If so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes. The method for quality control of the three-dimensional structural space changes of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field includes: displaying the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field and t / Q field in three-dimensional numerical form, determining whether there are local anomalies within the three-dimensional numerical range, and if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes. The method for quality control of the reflection horizon amplitude and phase of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field includes: determining the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; extracting peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase along the horizon of the time-domain Q-field, Vel / Q-field, and t / Q-field corresponding to the target reflection horizon on the seismic data volume; determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attributes, coherence maximum peak amplitude attributes, and instantaneous phase; if so, the quality control fails; otherwise, the quality control passes.

6. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for determining whether there is vertical numerical inversion in each record track in the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field includes: If the recorded values ​​of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field do not change unidirectionally along the time axis increment, then there is a vertical value reversal.

7. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the extracted amplitude attribute has any abnormal abrupt change includes: Regarding the extracted amplitude attributes, the maximum and minimum amplitude values ​​are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the stratum is greater than a predetermined angle. If the maximum amplitude value exceeds the minimum amplitude value by a first predetermined percentage, then the extracted amplitude attribute exhibits an abnormal abrupt change.

8. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for determining whether there are local anomalies within a three-dimensional numerical range includes: In the three-dimensional numerical display of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, the maximum amplitude value and the minimum amplitude value are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the dip angle of the stratum is greater than the first predetermined angle; If the maximum amplitude value exceeds the minimum amplitude value by a second predetermined percentage, then there is a local anomaly within the three-dimensional numerical range.

9. The time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for determining whether there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, the maximum peak amplitude attribute of the coherent volume, and the instantaneous phase includes: Among the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase, the maximum amplitude value and minimum amplitude value are selected from at least a predetermined number of sampling points in the structural strike direction where the corresponding stratum dip angle is greater than the first predetermined angle. If the maximum amplitude value selected for the peak amplitude attribute exceeds the third predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, if the maximum amplitude value selected for the coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute exceeds the fourth predetermined percentage of the minimum amplitude value, and if the absolute value of the difference between the maximum amplitude value selected for the instantaneous phase and the minimum amplitude value is greater than the second predetermined angle, then there are abnormal abrupt changes in the extracted peak amplitude attribute, coherent volume maximum peak amplitude attribute, and instantaneous phase.

10. A time-domain equivalent Q-field multidimensional all-round collaborative quality control device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the seismic data volume of the work area, the time-domain equivalent Q field, and the root mean square velocity model. The matching judgment unit is used to determine whether the seismic data volume of the work area is completely matched with the time domain equivalent Q field. If it is, the quality control is passed. The Vel / Q field and t / Q field determination unit is used to determine the Vel / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of velocity and the t / Q field of the formation quality factor as a function of time based on the time-domain equivalent Q field passed by the matching judgment unit quality control. The quality control unit is used to perform quality control on the vertical seismic waves, lateral amplitude variation rate, three-dimensional structural spatial variation, and reflection layer amplitude and phase of the time domain Q field, Vel / Q field, and t / Q field, respectively. If the quality control results are all passed, the quality control of the time domain equivalent Q field is passed.

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