Liquid crystal panel for view angle control and display device

Abstract

Provided is a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel capable of improving light shielding performance in a narrow viewing angle mode, and a display device using the same. The viewing angle control liquid crystal panel successively includes a first polarizing plate, a first liquid crystal panel, a second polarizing plate, a second liquid crystal panel, and a third polarizing plate, and an azimuth angle φP1 of an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, an azimuth angle φ1 of a director of a liquid crystal molecule on a first substrate side in the first liquid crystal panel, an azimuth angle φ2 of a director of a liquid crystal molecule on a second substrate side in the first liquid crystal panel, an azimuth angle φP2 of an absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, an azimuth angle φ3 of a director of a liquid crystal molecule on a third substrate side in the second liquid crystal panel, an azimuth angle φ4 of a director of a liquid crystal molecule on a fourth substrate side in the second liquid crystal panel, and an azimuth angle φP3 of an absorption axis of the third polarizing plate satisfy a specific formula.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following disclosure relates to a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control and a display device using the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control. Background Technology

[0002] A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel is a panel that uses a liquid crystal composition to control transmitted light. A typical method involves applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition sealed between a pair of substrates. The applied voltage causes a change in the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules within the composition, thereby controlling the amount of light transmitted. Such LCD panels effectively utilize their thinness, light weight, and low power consumption, and are used in a wide range of fields.

[0003] Furthermore, previous research has focused on improving viewing angle characteristics so that display devices can observe the same image whether viewed from a narrow or wide viewing angle. On the other hand, from a privacy perspective, display methods have been studied that allow images to be observed from a narrow viewing angle but are difficult to observe from a wide viewing angle. Therefore, there is a need for display devices capable of switching between an open mode (wide viewing angle mode) and a privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode). The open mode (wide viewing angle mode) allows the same image to be observed from both narrow and wide viewing angles, while the privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode) allows the image to be observed from a narrow viewing angle but is difficult to observe from a wide viewing angle.

[0004] As a technology related to liquid crystal panels used in display devices capable of switching between public and private modes, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control. This liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control controls the viewing angle of an image displayed on the display panel by being disposed on the surface or back of the display panel. It includes a liquid crystal layer and is provided with pixels as units when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. Linearly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer, and a polarizing plate is provided on the side of the liquid crystal layer from which light is emitted, which transmits only the component of the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer that is parallel to the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer. By applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal layer tilt in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer. The plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix.

[0005] Additionally, Patent Document 2 discloses a backlight system for controlling viewing angle. The backlight system includes: a first backlight unit that illuminates light from a non-visible side toward a visible side of the backlight system; a second backlight unit disposed on the visible side of the first backlight unit and illuminating light toward the visible side of the backlight system; a privacy optical component comprising liquid crystal material disposed on the non-visible side of the second backlight unit and between the first and second backlight units, allowing light from the first backlight to be transmitted within a limited viewing angle; a first polarizer disposed on the visible side of the privacy optical component and on the non-visible side of the second backlight unit; and a second polarizer disposed on the non-visible side of the privacy optical component and on the visible side of the first backlight unit. The privacy optical component is a HAN (hybrid) disposed between the first and second polarizers. The HAN mode liquid crystal cell includes: a first substrate having a first electrode layer; and a second substrate having a second electrode layer disposed on the opposite side across the liquid crystal layer, wherein when a voltage is applied to the HAN mode liquid crystal cell, the viewing angle limitation becomes stronger.

[0006] Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a dual-unit liquid crystal display device comprising a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel, a display liquid crystal panel, and a venetian blind film, all composed of VA (Vertical Alignment) oriented liquid crystal lens units and having an ITO gate on only one side of the substrate. When a voltage is applied to the gate of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel, the backlight light passing through the venetian blind film can be diffused by modulating the refractive index distribution within the transverse electric field modulation unit (functioning as a public mode). When no voltage is applied, the backlight light does not diffuse but directly exits to the display liquid crystal panel side (functioning as a privacy mode). Existing technical documents Patent documents

[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-203565 Patent Document 2: US Patent No. 11002998 Non-patent literature

[0008] Non-Patent Literature 1: AU Optronics Corp., Hsinchu, Taiwan, "Advanced Hyper-Viewing Angle Controllable LCD", SID 2021 DIGEST, 543 Summary of the Invention The technical problem to be solved by the present invention

[0009] In the aforementioned patent documents 1 and 2 and non-patent document 1, no study was conducted on reducing the polar angle (shading angle) with the minimum transmittance in narrow viewing angle mode (achieving a low polar angle shading angle). That is, no study was conducted on reducing the range of angles (polar angle range) that can be visually confirmed in narrow viewing angle mode.

[0010] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned situation, and its object is to provide a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control that can improve the light-shielding performance in narrow viewing angle mode, and a display device using the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control. Technical solutions for solving technical problems

[0011] (1) A liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises, in sequence: a first polarizing plate having a first absorption axis; a first liquid crystal panel having, in sequence: a first substrate having a first electrode; a first liquid crystal layer containing first liquid crystal molecules; and a second substrate having a second electrode; a second polarizing plate having a second absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis; a second liquid crystal panel having, in sequence: a third substrate having a third electrode; a second liquid crystal layer containing second liquid crystal molecules; and a fourth substrate having a fourth electrode; and a third polarizing plate having a third absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis, wherein the azimuth angle of the first absorption axis is set as φP1, and the above... When the voltage of the first liquid crystal layer is not applied, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule on the first substrate side is set to φ1, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate side is set to φ2, the azimuth angle of the second absorption axis is φP2, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule on the third substrate side is set to φ3, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule on the fourth substrate side is set to φ4, and the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis is set to φP3, the following (Equation 1), (Equation 4) and (Equation 5) are satisfied, and the following (Equation 2) or the following (Equation 3) is also satisfied. 40°≤|φ1-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 1) 0°≤|φP1-φ1|≤5°…(Equation 2) 40°≤|φP2-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 3) 0°≤|φ3-φ4|≤20°…(Formula 4) 0°≤|φP3-φ3|≤5°…(Equation 5)

[0012] Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control, based on the above-described (1) configuration, in the first liquid crystal panel, the first electrode and the second electrode are full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the first liquid crystal layer is 600 nm or more and 1200 nm or less; in the second liquid crystal panel, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the second liquid crystal layer is 300 nm or more and 700 nm or less.

[0013] (3) Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control, based on the above (1) or (2) configuration, has a negative C plate in the first liquid crystal panel or the second liquid crystal panel, wherein the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the negative C plate is 350 nm or more and 750 nm or less.

[0014] (4) Furthermore, a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention sequentially comprises: a backlight disposed on a side further back than the first polarizing plate; a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control as described in (1), (2), or (3) above; and a liquid crystal panel for display in IPS mode or FFS mode, which sequentially comprises: a fifth substrate disposed on a side further back than the third polarizing plate and having pixel electrodes; a third liquid crystal layer containing third liquid crystal molecules; a sixth substrate having a multi-color filter; and a fourth polarizing plate having a fourth absorption axis, wherein when the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis is set to φP3 and the azimuth angle of the fourth absorption axis is set to φP4, the following (Equation 6) is satisfied: 85°≤|φP3-φP4|≤90°…(Equation 6)

[0015] (5) Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, based on the configuration described in (1) or (4) above, the multicolor filter and the pixel electrode in the liquid crystal panel for display are both elongated, and the long side directions of the multicolor filter and the pixel electrode are respectively arranged along the vertical direction of the liquid crystal panel for display.

[0016] (6) Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, based on the configuration described in (1) or (4) above, the multicolor filter and the pixel electrode in the liquid crystal panel for display are both elongated, and the long side directions of the multicolor filter and the pixel electrode are respectively arranged along the left and right directions of the liquid crystal panel for display.

[0017] (7) Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, based on the configuration described in (1) or (5) above, the sixth substrate is provided with a black matrix layer, the black matrix layer is provided with a plurality of openings corresponding to the color filters of the multicolor, the width of the plurality of openings in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal panel for display is 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less, and the width of the plurality of openings in the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal panel for display is 80 μm or less. Furthermore, in a certain embodiment of the present invention, based on the configuration described in (1) or (6) above, the sixth substrate is provided with a black matrix layer, the black matrix layer is provided with a plurality of openings corresponding to the color filters of the multicolor, the width of the plurality of openings in the left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel for display is 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less, and the width of the plurality of openings in the up-down direction of the liquid crystal panel for display is 80 μm or less. Beneficial effects

[0018] According to the present invention, a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control that can improve light-shielding performance in narrow viewing angle mode and a display device using the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the general structure of the display device according to the first embodiment. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 This is an exploded view illustrating the axial arrangement of the optical components of the display device according to the first embodiment. Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the azimuth angle when viewing the screen or viewing angle control liquid crystal panel of the display device of the first embodiment from the viewing side (front). Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the first liquid crystal panel of the first embodiment in a state where no voltage is applied. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the voltage application state of the first liquid crystal panel in the first embodiment. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the liquid crystal panel for display according to the first embodiment. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first and second liquid crystal panels of a variation of the first embodiment 1. Figure 9 This is a plan view of the sixth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 2. Figure 10 This is a plan view of the fifth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display according to a modified example 2 of the first embodiment. Figure 11 This is a plan view of the sixth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 3. Figure 12 This is a plan view of the fifth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 3. Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the first liquid crystal panel and the first and second polarizing plates in Embodiment 1. Figure 14 This refers to the state in Example 1 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 15 This refers to the state in Example 1 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the second liquid crystal panel and the second and third polarizing plates in Embodiment 1. Figure 17 This refers to the state in Example 1 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 18 This refers to the state in Example 1 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 19 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 1 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combination shown. Figure 20 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 1 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined structure. Figure 21It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 1 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 22 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 1 according to each polar angle. Figure 23 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 2 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 24 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 2 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 25 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 2 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combination shown. Figure 26 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 2 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined structure. Figure 27 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 2 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 28 This is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 2, according to each polar angle. Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the first liquid crystal panel and the first and second polarizing plates in Embodiment 3. Figure 30 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 3 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 29 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 31This refers to the state in Embodiment 3 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 29 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 32 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 3 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 29 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combination shown. Figure 33 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 3 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 29 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined structure. Figure 34 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 3 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 35 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 3 according to each polar angle. Figure 36 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 37 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 38 This refers to the second liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 being in the state of no voltage applied (Voff) and the state of voltage applied (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 39 This refers to the second liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 being in the state of no voltage applied (Voff) and the state of voltage applied (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 40This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 4 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combination shown. Figure 41 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 4 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The diagram shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined structures. Figure 42 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 4 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 43 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 4, according to each polar angle. Figure 44 This refers to the state in Embodiment 5 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 45 This refers to the state in Embodiment 5 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 46 This refers to the state in Example 5 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 47 This refers to the state in Example 5 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle. Figure 48 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 5 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combination shown. Figure 49This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 5 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined structure. Figure 50 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 5 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 51 This is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 5, according to each polar angle. Figure 52 It is a diagram illustrating polar angles and azimuth angles. Detailed Implementation

[0020] <Definition of Terminology> In this specification, the viewing side refers to the side closer to the screen (display surface) of the display device, and the back side refers to the side farther from the screen (display surface) of the display device.

[0021] Figure 52 This is a diagram illustrating the polar angle and azimuth angle. In this manual, the polar angle θ is as follows: Figure 52 As shown, the polar angle is the angle between the direction of the object (e.g., measurement direction F) and the direction parallel to the normal to the principal surface of the optical element. That is, the direction parallel to the normal to the principal surface of the optical element is the polar angle 0°. The direction parallel to the normal is also called the normal direction. Furthermore, azimuth refers to the direction when the direction of the object is projected onto the principal surface of the optical element, and is expressed by the angle formed between it and the azimuth used as a reference (also called the azimuth angle). In this specification, the azimuth (azimuth angle 0°) used as the reference is set to the horizontal right direction of the screen of the optical element. When the azimuth angle of the direction of the object is 0° to 90° or 270° to 360° (=0°), the polar angle is expressed as a positive angle; when the azimuth angle of the direction of the object is 90° to 270°, the polar angle is expressed as a negative angle.

[0022] The azimuth angle is a positive angle counterclockwise from the reference azimuth, and a negative angle clockwise from the reference azimuth. Both counterclockwise and clockwise directions represent the rotation direction when viewing the main surface of the optical element from the observation surface side (front). Furthermore, the angle represents the value measured when viewing the main surface of the optical element from above. Two straight lines (including axes, directions, and edges) being orthogonal means being orthogonal when viewing the main surface of the optical element from above; two straight lines (including axes, directions, and edges) being parallel means being parallel when viewing the main surface of the optical element from above. Specifically, two straight lines being orthogonal means that the angle between them is 90°±3°, preferably 90°±1°, more preferably 90°±0.5°, and particularly preferably 90° (completely orthogonal). Two straight lines being parallel means that the angle between them is 0°±3°, preferably 0°±1°, more preferably 0°±0.5°, and particularly preferably 0° (completely parallel).

[0023] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the orientation of the axis refers to the orientation of the absorption axis of the polarizer or the optical axis (hysteresis axis) of the birefringent layer.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the measurement wavelength for optical parameters such as principal refractive index and retardation (phase difference) in this manual is 550 nm.

[0025] In this specification, the thickness retardation Rth is defined as Rth = (nz - (nx + ny) / 2) × d. nx and ny represent the principal refractive indices in the in-plane direction of the birefringent layer, nz represents the principal refractive index in the out-of-plane direction, i.e., the direction perpendicular to the plane of the birefringent layer, and d represents the thickness of the birefringent layer.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described. The present invention is not limited to the contents described in the following embodiments, and design changes can be appropriately made within the scope of satisfying the structure of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, the same reference numerals are appropriately used for the same parts or parts having the same function in different drawings, and repeated descriptions are appropriately omitted. Various aspects of the present invention can also be appropriately combined without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0027] <First Implementation Method> The first embodiment of the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control sequentially comprises: a first polarizer having a first absorption axis, a first liquid crystal panel, a second polarizer having a second absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis, a second liquid crystal panel, and a third polarizer having a third absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis. Furthermore, the first embodiment of the display device sequentially comprises: a backlight disposed closer to the back surface than the first polarizer; the first embodiment of the liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control; a liquid crystal panel for display in IPS mode or FFS mode disposed closer to the viewing surface than the third polarizer; and a fourth polarizer having a fourth absorption axis.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment. (As shown) Figure 1 As shown, the display device of this embodiment comprises, in sequence: a backlight 100, a first polarizing plate 110P, a first liquid crystal panel 120L, a second polarizing plate 130P, a second liquid crystal panel 140L, a third polarizing plate 150P, a liquid crystal panel 160L for display in IPS or FFS mode, and a fourth polarizing plate 170P. That is, the above-described display device includes three liquid crystal panels 120L, 140L, and 160L. On the other hand, the configuration of having three liquid crystal panels is not disclosed in Patent Documents 1-2 and Non-Patent Document 1.

[0029] The display liquid crystal panel 160L, located closest to the viewing surface among the three liquid crystal panels 120L, 140L, and 160L, displays images and is driven in either IPS (In-Plane Switching) or FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, exhibiting wide viewing angle characteristics. The display device can switch between a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. In narrow viewing angle mode, the image displayed by the display liquid crystal panel 160L can be viewed from a narrow viewing angle range, but it is difficult to view the image from a wide viewing angle range. From a practical point of view, narrow viewing angle mode is also referred to as privacy mode. On the other hand, in wide viewing angle mode, the image displayed by the display liquid crystal panel 160L can be viewed from both narrow and wide viewing angle ranges. From a practical point of view, wide viewing angle mode is also referred to as open mode. The mode switching is controlled by applying voltage to the liquid crystal layers of the first liquid crystal panel 120L and the second liquid crystal panel 140L. For example, in privacy mode, the voltage application to each liquid crystal layer is set to conduction, and in open mode, the voltage application to each liquid crystal layer is set to cut off. The first liquid crystal panel 120L and the second liquid crystal panel 140L, located on the rear side (backlight 100 side) of the display liquid crystal panel 160L, function as switching liquid crystals for wide and narrow viewing angles. In privacy mode, one liquid crystal panel blocks light on the high viewing angle side, and the other liquid crystal panel blocks light on the low viewing angle side. This combination of the two liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L for viewing angle control improves the light-blocking intensity and the range of light-blocking angles in narrow viewing angle mode. In open mode, the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L exhibit wide viewing angle characteristics. Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L are driven in ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringene) mode.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 This is an exploded view illustrating the axial arrangement of the optical components of the display device according to the first embodiment. (As shown) Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the first liquid crystal panel 120L sequentially comprises: a first substrate 121 having a first electrode, a first liquid crystal layer 123 containing first liquid crystal molecules, and a second substrate 125 having a second electrode. The second liquid crystal panel 140L sequentially comprises: a third substrate 131 having a third electrode, a second liquid crystal layer 133 containing second liquid crystal molecules, and a fourth substrate 135 having a fourth electrode. The display liquid crystal panel 160L sequentially comprises: a fifth substrate 161 having a pixel electrode, a third liquid crystal layer 163 containing third liquid crystal molecules, and a sixth substrate 165 having a multi-color filter.

[0031] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the azimuth angle when viewing the screen or viewing angle control liquid crystal panel of the display device of the first embodiment from the viewing side (front). In the diagram, H represents the horizontal direction and V represents the vertical direction. Figure 4 As shown, the reference orientation is set to the horizontal right direction (H0°) when viewing the screen or viewing angle control LCD panel of the display device from the viewing side (front). The azimuth angle is positive counterclockwise and negative clockwise. Both counterclockwise and clockwise directions indicate the rotation direction when viewing the screen of the display device from the viewing side (front).

[0032] The display device of the first embodiment satisfies the following (Equation 1) and satisfies the following (Equation 2) or the following (Equation 3) when the azimuth angle of the first absorption axis (abs) of the first polarizer 110P is set to φP1, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123a on the first substrate 121 side when the voltage of the first liquid crystal layer 123 is not applied is set to φ1, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123b on the second substrate 125 side is set to φ2, and the azimuth angle of the second absorption axis of the second polarizer 130P is set to φP2. 40°≤|φ1-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 1) 0°≤|φP1-φ1|≤5°…(Equation 2) 40°≤|φP2-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 3)

[0033] The above (Equation 1) indicates that the pointing vector of the first liquid crystal molecule (back side liquid crystal molecule) 123a on the first substrate 121 side and the pointing vector of the first liquid crystal molecule (viewing surface side liquid crystal molecule) 123b on the second substrate 125 side are twisted by 40 to 50°. The preferred lower limit of |φ1-φ2| is 42°, and the preferred upper limit is 48°.

[0034] The above (Equation 2) indicates that the difference in azimuth angle between the first absorption axis of the adjacent first polarizing plate (back side polarizing plate) 110P and the direction vector of the first liquid crystal molecule (back side liquid crystal molecule) 123a on the first substrate 121 side is within 5°. The preferred upper limit of |φP1-φ1| is 3°.

[0035] The above (Equation 3) indicates that the difference in azimuth angle between the second absorption axis of the adjacent second polarizing plate (observation surface side polarizing plate) 130P and the director of the first liquid crystal molecule (observation surface side liquid crystal molecule) 123b on the second substrate 125 side is 40 to 50°. The preferred lower limit of |φP2-φ2| is 42°, and the preferred upper limit is 48°.

[0036] When the voltage of the second liquid crystal layer 133 is not applied, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133a on the third substrate 131 side is set to φ3, the azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133b on the fourth substrate 135 side is set to φ4, and the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis of the third polarizer 150P is set to φP3, the following (Equation 4) and (Equation 5) are satisfied. 0°≤|φ3-φ4|≤20°…(Formula 4) 0°≤|φP3-φ3|≤5°…(Equation 5)

[0037] Equation 4 above indicates that the angle between the pointing vector of the second liquid crystal molecule (back side liquid crystal molecule) 133a on the third substrate 131 side and the pointing vector of the second liquid crystal molecule (viewing surface side liquid crystal molecule) 133b on the fourth substrate 135 side is within 20°. The preferred upper limit of |φ3-φ4| is 18°.

[0038] The above (Equation 5) indicates that the difference in azimuth angle between the third absorption axis of the third polarizer (observation-side polarizer) 150P and the azimuth of the second liquid crystal molecule (back-side liquid crystal molecule) 133a on the third substrate 131 side is within 5°. The preferred upper limit of |φP3-φ3| is 3°.

[0039] When the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis of the third polarizing plate 150P is set to φP3 and the azimuth angle of the fourth absorption axis of the fourth polarizing plate 170P is set to φP4, the display device of the first embodiment satisfies the following (Equation 6). 85°≤|φP3-φP4|≤90°…(Equation 6)

[0040] Equation 6 above indicates that the third absorption axis of the third polarizer (back side polarizer) 150P is approximately orthogonal to the fourth absorption axis of the fourth polarizer (observation side polarizer) 170P.

[0041] In the display device of the first embodiment, the azimuth angle φP1 of the first absorption axis of the first polarizer 110P, the azimuth angle φ1 of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123a on the first substrate 121 side when the voltage of the first liquid crystal layer 123 is not applied, the azimuth angle φ2 of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123b on the second substrate 125 side, the azimuth angle φP2 of the second absorption axis of the second polarizer 130P, the azimuth angle φ3 of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133a on the third substrate 131 side when the voltage of the second liquid crystal layer 133 is not applied, the azimuth angle φ4 of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133b on the fourth substrate 135 side, the azimuth angle φP3 of the absorption axis of the third polarizer 150P, and the azimuth angle φP4 of the fourth absorption axis of the fourth polarizer 170P are only required to satisfy (Equation 1), (Equation 4), (Equation 5), and (Equation 6) and (Equation 2) or (Equation 3), and are not particularly limited. Figure 2 and 3 As an example, the diagram shows the following: the azimuth angle φP1 of the first absorption axis of the first polarizer 110P is 90°; the azimuth angle φ1 of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123a on the first substrate 121 side is 90° when the voltage of the first liquid crystal layer 123 is not applied; the azimuth angle φ2 of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule 123b on the second substrate 125 side is 45°; the azimuth angle φP2 of the second absorption axis of the second polarizer 130P is 90°; the azimuth angle φ3 of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133a on the third substrate 131 side is 90° when the voltage of the second liquid crystal layer 133 is not applied; the azimuth angle φ4 of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule 133b on the fourth substrate 135 side is 90°; the azimuth angle φ3 of the third absorption axis of the third polarizer 150 is 90°; and the azimuth angle φP4 of the fourth absorption axis of the fourth polarizer 170P is 0°.

[0042] According to the display device of the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the light-shielding intensity and the light-shielding angle range in narrow viewing angle mode. The principle behind achieving this effect will be specifically explained in the embodiments described later with reference to simulation results.

[0043] Hereinafter, the components constituting the display device of the first embodiment will be described. (Backlight) The backlight 100 is a type of backlight commonly used in the field of liquid crystal display devices. The backlight 100 is positioned on the back side of the LCD panel for viewing angle control. It can be either a direct-lit type or an edge-lit type, as long as the light generated by the backlight 100 can be emitted to the viewing surface. The type of light source for the backlight 100 is not particularly limited; examples include light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs).

[0044] The backlight 100 may also feature a louvered backlight to improve directivity. Furthermore, the backlight 100 preferably has two light guide plates, one functioning as a wide-viewing-angle mode and the other as a narrow-viewing-angle mode. More specifically, for example, the backlight 100 may also have a light guide plate laminate consisting of a diffusion light guide plate and a non-diffusion light guide plate, allowing switching between open and private backlight modes by independently controlling the LEDs located at the ends of each light guide plate.

[0045] (Polarizing plate) The first polarizer 110P, the second polarizer 130P, the third polarizer 150P, and the fourth polarizer 170P are all absorption-type polarizers. These polarizers can be used, for example, as polarizers used to stretch and orient anisotropic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films after dyeing and adsorbing iodine complexes or dyes. The first polarizer 110P, the second polarizer 130P, the third polarizer 150P, and the fourth polarizer 170P each have an absorption axis extending along a specific orientation and a transmission axis orthogonal to that absorption axis. These polarizers absorb polarization components vibrating in an orientation parallel to the absorption axis.

[0046] (LCD panel for viewing angle control) Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the first liquid crystal panel of the first embodiment in a state where no voltage is applied. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the voltage-applied state of the first liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment. The first liquid crystal panel 120L, from the back side towards the viewing side, sequentially comprises: a first substrate 121 having a support substrate 121a and a first electrode 121b; an alignment film 122; a first liquid crystal layer 123 containing first liquid crystal molecules 123M; an alignment film 124; and a second substrate 125 having a second electrode 125b and a support substrate 125a. The second liquid crystal panel 140L may have the same configuration as the first liquid crystal panel 120L, except that the azimuth angle of the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the voltage-unapplied state of the liquid crystal layer is independently controlled. That is, the second liquid crystal panel 140L, from the back side towards the viewing side, sequentially comprises: a third substrate having a support substrate and a third electrode; an alignment film; a second liquid crystal layer containing second liquid crystal molecules; an alignment film; and a fourth substrate having a fourth electrode and a support substrate.

[0047] The azimuth angle of the pointing vector of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied can be controlled by the alignment film adjacent to the liquid crystal layer. By adjusting the alignment process relative to the alignment film, the desired azimuth angle can be formed. The alignment process method can be appropriately selected according to the material of the alignment film, and examples include rubbing and light irradiation.

[0048] The first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L can cause a change in the retardation of the liquid crystal layer by varying the voltage applied between a pair of electrodes disposed on the viewing surface side and the back surface side of the liquid crystal layer. This change in the retardation of the liquid crystal layer controls the amount of light transmitted through the transmission polarizer. In the first liquid crystal panel 120L, a combination of a first electrode 121b and a second electrode 125b is used as a pair of electrodes; in the second liquid crystal panel 140L, a combination of a third electrode and a fourth electrode is used as a pair of electrodes.

[0049] Examples of substrates that can be used as support substrates include glass substrates and plastic substrates. Examples of materials used for glass substrates include float glass and soda-lime glass. Examples of materials used for plastic substrates include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and alicyclic polyolefins.

[0050] A pair of electrodes can be transparent electrodes, for example, formed from transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO), or alloys thereof.

[0051] The alignment film controls the orientation and tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the state where no voltage is applied. The alignment film can be either a horizontally aligned film or a vertically aligned film, but from the viewpoint of improving the transmittance in the state where no voltage is applied, a horizontally aligned film is preferred.

[0052] Here, the horizontal alignment film is an alignment film that, when a substrate equipped with the alignment film is used in a liquid crystal panel, exhibits an alignment restraining force that aligns the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer approximately horizontally relative to the alignment film in a voltage-free state (where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer). Similarly, the vertical alignment film, when a substrate equipped with the alignment film is used in a liquid crystal panel, exhibits an alignment restraining force that aligns the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer approximately vertically relative to the alignment film in a voltage-free state (where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer).

[0053] "Approximately horizontal" means an inclination angle of 0° or more and 10° or less, preferably 0° or more and 5° or less, and more preferably 0° or more and 2° or less. "Approximately vertical" means an inclination angle of 83° or more and 90° or less, preferably 85° or more and 90° or less, and more preferably 87.5° or more and 88.0° or less.

[0054] Furthermore, in this specification, "tilt angle" does not refer to the angle between the pointer of the liquid crystal molecules and the principal surface of the substrate, but rather to the average angle between the pointer of the liquid crystal molecules in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer and the principal surface of the substrate. The angle parallel to the principal surface of the substrate is 0°, and the angle normal to the principal surface of the substrate is 90°. In particular, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the state without applied voltage is also referred to as the pretilt angle. Furthermore, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the state without applied voltage is also referred to as the initial orientation orientation. The tilt angle can be obtained using the crystal rotation method, for example, using an Axostan (manufactured by Axometrics). In this embodiment, the pointer of the liquid crystal molecules is the direction of the principal orientation axis (the direction of average alignment of the long axes of the molecules in the nematic liquid crystal). For example, when viewed from above, the pointer of the liquid crystal molecules in the state without applied voltage is consistent with the orientation processing direction of the alignment film.

[0055] As a material for alignment films, common materials can be used in the field of liquid crystal panels, such as polymers with polyimide main chains, polymers with polyamic acid main chains, and polymers with polysiloxane main chains. Alignment films can be formed by coating alignment film materials, and the coating method is not particularly limited; for example, flexographic printing, inkjet coating, etc., can be used.

[0056] The alignment film can be an optically aligned film with optical functional groups that has undergone optical alignment treatment, a frictional alignment film that has undergone frictional treatment as an alignment treatment, or an alignment film that has not undergone alignment treatment.

[0057] The first and second LCD panels 120L and 140L can be either passively driven LCD panels or active-matrix LCD panels. In the case of passive LCD panels, it is possible to switch between open and private modes across the entire screen. In the case of active-matrix LCD panels, it is possible to switch between open and private modes only partially, rather than across the entire screen.

[0058] In the case of a passive LCD panel, the aforementioned pair of electrodes can also be a full-surface electrode covering the entire screen (full-surface electrode). By adopting this method, it is possible to switch between open mode and private mode across the entire screen.

[0059] In the case of an active-matrix liquid crystal panel, the support substrate 121a is configured with a grid of mutually orthogonal gate lines and source lines, and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) serving as a switching element is provided near the intersection of these grid lines. Pixels are formed in the areas surrounded by the gate lines and source lines, and a pixel electrode connected to the TFT is provided in each pixel as a first electrode 121b. On the other hand, a common electrode covering the entire screen surface as a whole surface electrode is provided on the support substrate 125a as a second electrode 125b.

[0060] The driving method for the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L is not particularly limited; for example, a conventional active matrix driving method can be used. That is, the TFTs set in each pixel are switched (on / off) via a gate driver. Then, in conjunction with the switch, a voltage is applied to the pixel that is turned on via a source driver, and charge is stored in the storage capacitor in each pixel via the drain bus of the TFT. And, through this storage capacitor, the pixel is kept in the on state.

[0061] Gate lines are wirings connected to the gates of TFTs (typically buses connecting multiple gates), applying scan signals (signals controlling the on and off states of the TFTs) to the gates of the connected TFTs. Source lines are wirings connected to the source electrodes of TFTs (typically buses connecting multiple source electrodes), applying data signals (e.g., image signals) to the connected TFTs. Gate lines and source lines are typically arranged as lines, one longitudinally traversing an array region where TFTs are arranged in a matrix, and the other transversely traversing the aforementioned array region.

[0062] The various wirings and electrodes constituting the gate lines, source lines, and TFTs can be formed by sputtering or other methods to deposit metals such as copper, titanium, aluminum, molybdenum, and tungsten, or their alloys, into single or multiple layers, followed by patterning using photolithography or other methods. Since these various wirings and electrodes are formed in the same layer, the use of the same materials for each layer improves manufacturing efficiency.

[0063] The first liquid crystal panel 120L has a first liquid crystal layer 123 containing first liquid crystal molecules 123M, and the second liquid crystal panel has a second liquid crystal layer 133 containing second liquid crystal molecules. The first liquid crystal layer 123 and the second liquid crystal layer 133 may be the same or different, except that the azimuth angle of the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the unapplied voltage state is independently controlled. The liquid crystal molecules have positive or negative dielectric anisotropy, and the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules changes according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer. The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the liquid crystal molecules is defined by the following equation (L). Liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy are called positive liquid crystal molecules, and liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy are called negative liquid crystal molecules. Furthermore, the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the unapplied voltage state is also called the direction of the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Δε = (dielectric constant along the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule) - (dielectric constant along the short axis of the liquid crystal molecule) (L)

[0064] The first and second liquid crystal molecules can be either negative or positive, but negative liquid crystal molecules are preferred. Negative liquid crystal molecules are suitable for photo-alignment processing of alignment films. Compared to rubbing processes, photo-alignment processing is suitable for manufacturing panels using larger substrates and achieves higher yields.

[0065] Furthermore, since liquid crystal molecules possess positive dielectric anisotropy, they are homogeneously aligned when no voltage is applied, thus enabling the ECB mode. In this specification, homogeneous alignment refers to an alignment state where the liquid crystal molecules are horizontal and aligned with the substrate surface of the substrate constituting the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (e.g., the substrate surface of at least one of the first substrate 121 and the second substrate 125). Furthermore, in this specification, the state where no voltage is applied (when no voltage is applied) refers to a state in which no voltage above a threshold value for liquid crystal molecules is applied to the liquid crystal layer. For example, this could be a state where the same constant voltage is applied to the first electrode 121b and the second electrode 125b, or a state where a constant voltage is applied to one of the first electrode 121b and the second electrode 125b, and a voltage below the threshold value for liquid crystal molecules is applied to the other electrode relative to the aforementioned constant voltage. Furthermore, in this specification, the state where voltage is applied (when voltage is applied) refers to a state in which a voltage above a threshold value for liquid crystal molecules is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The voltage application state refers to, for example, a state where an optimal voltage is applied. Here, the optimal voltage is the voltage at which the delay of the liquid crystal panel (e.g., ECB mode) satisfies λ / 2 [nm] under the shading angle (e.g., the range of polar angle -40° to -30°).

[0066] (LCD panel for display) Figure 7This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing a display liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment. The display liquid crystal panel 160L is disposed between a third polarizer 150P and a fourth polarizer 170P, and sequentially comprises, from the back side to the viewing side: a fifth substrate 161 having a pixel electrode 252; an alignment film 162; a third liquid crystal layer 163 containing third liquid crystal molecules 163M; an alignment film 164; and a sixth substrate 165 having a multi-color filter (color filter layer 212). The display liquid crystal panel 160L includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix in the in-plane direction and is driven in IPS mode or FFS mode.

[0067] The fifth substrate 161 includes pixel electrodes 252 and a common electrode 254. By employing this method, a display liquid crystal panel 160L in either IPS (In-Plane Switching) or FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode can be realized, and a wide viewing angle can be achieved when the display liquid crystal panel 160L is used alone. In this embodiment, the case where the display liquid crystal panel 160L is in FFS mode is illustrated as an example.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the fifth substrate 161, from the back side towards the viewing surface, sequentially includes a support substrate 251, pixel electrodes 252 arranged for each of the aforementioned pixels, an insulating layer 253, and a common electrode 254 having a linear electrode portion 254a. That is, the fifth substrate 161 has an FFS-type electrode structure, wherein the pixel electrodes 252 and the common electrode 254 are stacked with the insulating layer 253 in between. The fifth substrate 161 is also referred to as an active matrix substrate.

[0069] Furthermore, the fifth substrate 161 has multiple gate lines extending parallel to each other on the support substrate 251, and multiple source lines extending parallel to each other in the direction intersecting with each gate line, separated by an insulating film. The multiple gate lines and multiple source lines are formed as a whole in a lattice shape. TFTs are arranged as switching elements at the intersections of the gate lines and source lines.

[0070] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a display liquid crystal panel 160L with an FFS-type electrode structure is used as an example for explanation. However, this embodiment can also be applied to an IPS-type electrode structure in which the pixel electrode 252 and the common electrode 254 are comb electrodes, and the pixel electrode 252 and the common electrode 254, which are comb electrodes, are disposed on the same electrode layer in a manner in which the comb teeth interlock with each other.

[0071] The support substrate 251 provided as the fifth substrate 161 is not particularly limited. For example, the same substrate as the support substrate provided as the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L can be listed.

[0072] Pixel electrodes 252 and common electrodes 254 are configured for each pixel. Pixel electrodes 252 are preferably planar electrodes. In this specification, a "planar electrode" refers to an electrode that does not have slits or openings when viewed from above. Preferably, the pixel electrode 252 overlaps at least with the linear electrode portion 254a of the common electrode 254, which will be described later, when viewed from above.

[0073] The common electrode 254 is electrically coupled across multiple pixels. The common electrode 254 has a linear electrode portion 254a. The planar shape of the common electrode 254 can be exemplified by a structure in which multiple linear electrode portions 254a are closed at both ends. Alternatively, an opening 254b surrounded by the electrode portion can be provided in the common electrode 254.

[0074] Multiple common electrodes 254 arranged by pixels can be electrically connected to each other to apply a common constant voltage to multiple pixels. Furthermore, multiple pixel electrodes 252 arranged by pixels are electrically connected to their respective sources via the semiconductor layer of the TFT, and apply different voltages to each pixel according to the image signal.

[0075] The materials used for the pixel electrode 252 and the common electrode 254 are not particularly limited. For example, the same materials as the pair of electrodes provided in the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L can be cited.

[0076] Examples of insulating layers 253 include inorganic insulating films and organic insulating films. Inorganic insulating films include, for example, inorganic films such as silicon nitride (SiNx) and silicon oxide (SiO2) (with a relative permittivity ε = 5–7), and laminates thereof. Organic insulating films include, for example, organic films such as acrylic resin, polyimide resin, and phenolic varnish resin, or laminates thereof.

[0077] Alignment films 162 and 164 control the orientation and tilt angle of the third liquid crystal molecule 163M when no control voltage is applied. Alignment films 162 and 164 are horizontal alignment films.

[0078] Alignment films 162 and 164 can be either rub-alignment films or photo-alignment films. Alignment films 162 and 164 may contain, for example, alignment film polymers such as polymers with polyimide as the main chain, polymers with polyamic acid as the main chain, or polymers with polysiloxane as the main chain. Alignment films 162 and 164 can be formed, for example, by coating an alignment film material containing the aforementioned alignment film polymer onto a substrate. The coating method is not particularly limited; for example, flexographic printing, inkjet coating, etc., can be used.

[0079] The third liquid crystal layer 163 contains third liquid crystal molecules 163M. The orientation state of the third liquid crystal molecules 163M changes according to the voltage applied to the third liquid crystal layer 163, thereby controlling the amount of light transmitted. The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the third liquid crystal molecules 163M as defined by the above formula (L) can have a positive value or a negative value, but it is preferred that the dielectric anisotropy has a positive value.

[0080] The sixth substrate 165 has a color filter layer 212, a black matrix layer 213, and a support substrate 211 sequentially arranged from the back side to the viewing side. The sixth substrate 165 is also called a color filter substrate.

[0081] The support substrate 251 provided as the sixth substrate 165 is not particularly limited, and for example, the same substrate as the support substrate provided as the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L can be cited.

[0082] The color filter layer 212 is composed of, for example, a red color filter, a green color filter, and a blue color filter. The red color filter, green color filter, and blue color filter are, for example, composed of a transparent resin containing pigment.

[0083] The black matrix layer 213 is arranged in a grid pattern to divide the various color filters disposed on the color filter layer 212. The material of the black matrix layer 213 is not particularly limited as long as it has light-blocking properties, but a resin material containing black pigment or a light-blocking metal material is preferred. The black matrix layer 213 is formed, for example, by photolithography, such as coating a photosensitive resin containing black pigment, exposing it, and developing it.

[0084] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the display device according to the first embodiment will be described. (1) In the first liquid crystal panel, the first electrode and the second electrode are preferably full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the first liquid crystal layer is 600 nm or more and 1200 nm or less. In the second liquid crystal panel, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the second liquid crystal layer is 300 nm or more and 700 nm or less. According to this method, the light-shielding intensity and light-shielding angle range in narrow viewing angle mode can be effectively improved. The delay of the first liquid crystal layer is more preferably 700 nm or more and 1000 nm or less. The delay of the second liquid crystal layer is more preferably 400 nm or more and 600 nm or less. The delay of the liquid crystal layer is obtained by the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer (Δn×d).

[0085] (2) The first liquid crystal panel or the second liquid crystal panel described above preferably includes a negative C-plate. The negative C-plate is a birefringent material that satisfies nx = ny > nz (nx and ny represent the principal refractive index in the in-plane direction of the birefringent material, and nz represents the principal refractive index in the out-of-plane direction, i.e., the direction perpendicular to the surface of the birefringent material). The thickness retardation Rth of the negative C-plate is preferably 350 nm or more, more preferably 500 nm or more, and even more preferably 550 nm or more. The upper limit of the thickness retardation Rth of the negative C-plate is not particularly limited, for example, it is preferably 1000 nm or less and 750 nm or less.

[0086] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first and second liquid crystal panels of a variation of the first embodiment 1. Figure 8 As shown, the first and second liquid crystal panels 120L and 140L may also have a negative C-plate 128. The negative C-plate 128 is preferably made of a substrate with a thickness direction retardation Rth of 350 nm or more and 750 nm or less. By employing this method, the light-shielding area can be further expanded in narrow viewing angle modes (in particular, the light-shielding performance is improved at azimuth angles of 135° and 225°). The negative C-plate 128 can be a single layer or a stack of multiple layers. Preferably, the negative C-plate 128 is disposed between the first substrate 121 and the first polarizer 110P of the first liquid crystal panel 120L, or between the second substrate 125 and the second polarizer 130P of the first liquid crystal panel 120L. Furthermore, it is preferable to further provide the negative C-plate between the third substrate and the second polarizer 130P of the second liquid crystal panel 140L, or between the fourth substrate and the third polarizer 150P of the second liquid crystal panel 140L. By setting up additional negative C plates, the shading area can be further expanded (in particular, the shading performance is improved at azimuths of 135° and 225°).

[0087] As a negative C plate 128, for example, a stretched cyclic olefin polymer film can be cited.

[0088] (3) In the above-mentioned display liquid crystal panel, the multi-color filter and the pixel electrode are both elongated, and the long side of the multi-color filter and the pixel electrode can also be arranged along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel. That is, the display liquid crystal panel can also be arranged with vertical pixels.

[0089] Figure 9 This is a plan view of the sixth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 2. Figure 10 This is a plan view of the fifth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display according to a modified example 2 of the first embodiment.

[0090] like Figure 7 , Figure 9and Figure 10 As shown, the display liquid crystal panel 160L has a fifth substrate 161, a third liquid crystal layer 163, and a sixth substrate 165. The fifth substrate 161 has a pixel electrode 252 (250P) and a common electrode 254, and the sixth substrate 165 has a multi-color filter 212C. The multi-color filter 212C and the pixel electrode 250P are both elongated, and their long sides are arranged along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L. In this way, by arranging the multi-color filter 212C and the pixel electrode 250P with their long sides along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L, the increase in the bezel width for configuring modules on the left and right sides of the display liquid crystal panel 160L can be suppressed.

[0091] In this specification, "above" refers to an azimuth angle of 90° for the display LCD panel 160L, "below" refers to an azimuth angle of 270° for the display LCD panel 160L, "right" refers to an azimuth angle of 0° for the display LCD panel 160L, and "left" refers to an azimuth angle of 180° for the display LCD panel 160L. That is, the vertical direction of the display LCD panel 160L is the azimuth angle range of 90° to 270°, and the horizontal direction of the display LCD panel 160L is the azimuth angle range of 0° to 180°, i.e., the aforementioned horizontal direction.

[0092] The fifth substrate 161 is configured such that mutually orthogonal gate lines 256 and source lines 257 form a grid, and TFTs serving as switching elements are disposed near their intersection points. Furthermore, pixels 21P are formed in the area surrounded by the gate lines 256 and source lines 257, and pixel electrodes 252 and common electrodes 254 connected to the TFTs are disposed on each pixel 21P. The fifth substrate 161 is also referred to as a TFT substrate.

[0093] Each pixel electrode 250P is elongated, and the long side of each pixel electrode 250P is arranged along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L. That is, each pixel electrode 250P extends along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L.

[0094] Each pixel 21P is elongated, and the long side of each pixel 21P is arranged along the vertical direction of the display LCD panel 160L. That is, each pixel 21P extends along the vertical direction of the display LCD panel 160L.

[0095] The length of the long side (vertical direction) of each pixel 21P is 130μm or more and 170μm or less, preferably 140μm or more and 160μm or less, for example, 150μm. The length of the short side (left-right direction) of each pixel 21P is 30μm or more and 70μm or less, preferably 40μm or more and 60μm or less, for example, 50μm.

[0096] A slit 250PS is provided on the pixel electrode 250P along the long side direction (vertical direction) of the pixel electrode 250P. The third liquid crystal molecules 163M contained in the third liquid crystal layer 163 are aligned along the slit 250PS when no voltage is applied.

[0097] The sixth substrate 165 includes: a color filter layer 212 having multi-colored color filters 212C of different colors; and a black matrix layer 213. The multi-colored color filters 212C include, for example, a red color filter 212CR, a green color filter 212CG, and a blue color filter 212CB, and each pixel 21P has a color filter 212C of any color. The sixth substrate 165 is also referred to as a color filter substrate.

[0098] The red color filter 212CR, the green color filter 212CG, and the blue color filter 212CB are all elongated strips, with their long sides arranged along the vertical direction of the display LCD panel 160L. That is, the red color filter 212CR, the green color filter 212CG, and the blue color filter 212CB extend along the vertical direction of the display LCD panel 160L.

[0099] The sixth substrate 165 is preferably a black matrix layer 213 having a plurality of openings 213S corresponding to the multi-color filters 212C. The vertical width LA of the liquid crystal panel 20 for display of the plurality of openings 213S is 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less, and the horizontal width WA of the liquid crystal panel 20 for display of the plurality of openings 213S is 80 μm or less. By adopting this method, light diffraction caused by the black matrix layer 213 can be effectively suppressed. As a result, light shielding and privacy performance can be improved.

[0100] The vertical width LA (also called LA1) of the display liquid crystal panel 160L corresponding to the opening 213S of the blue color filter 212CB is larger than the vertical width LA (also called LA2) of the display liquid crystal panel 160L corresponding to the opening 213S of the green color filter 212CG and the opening 213S of the red color filter 212CR. For example, the vertical width LA (LA1) of the display liquid crystal panel 160L corresponding to the opening 213S of the blue color filter 212CB is 120 μm, and the vertical width LA (LA2) of the display liquid crystal panel 160L corresponding to the opening 213S of the green color filter 212CG and the opening 213S of the red color filter 212CR is 100 μm.

[0101] The width WA of the display liquid crystal panel 20 in the left-right direction of the opening 213S corresponding to the blue color filter 212CB, the opening 213S corresponding to the green color filter 212CG, and the opening 213S corresponding to the red color filter 212CR is, for example, 40μm.

[0102] (4) In the above-described liquid crystal panel for display, the multi-color filter and the pixel electrode are both elongated strips, and the long sides of the multi-color filter and the pixel electrode can also be arranged along the left and right directions of the liquid crystal panel for display. That is, the liquid crystal panel for display can also be arranged with horizontal pixels.

[0103] Figure 11 This is a plan view of the sixth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 3. Figure 12 This is a plan view of the fifth substrate included in the liquid crystal panel for display of the first embodiment, variant 3.

[0104] like Figure 7 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the display liquid crystal panel 160L has a fifth substrate 161, a third liquid crystal layer 163, and a sixth substrate 165. The fifth substrate 161 has a pixel electrode 252 (250P) and a common electrode 254, and the sixth substrate 165 has a multi-color filter 212C. The multi-color filter 212C and the pixel electrode 250P are both elongated, and their long sides are arranged along the left and right directions of the display liquid crystal panel 160L, respectively.

[0105] Here, in the vertical pixel arrangement shown in the modified example 2 above, the polarized light transmitted through the third polarizing plate 150P is spaced in the left-right direction of the wiring on the fifth substrate 161, i.e. Figure 10The spacing between the source lines 257 in the middle (e.g., about 50 μm), Figure 9 The width (e.g., about 40 μm) of the opening 213S in the black matrix layer 213 in the left-right direction (short side direction) is prone to light diffraction, and the light-blocking ability is easily reduced.

[0106] On the other hand, as in this modified example, by arranging the long sides of the multi-color filter 212C and the pixel electrode 250P in a horizontal pixel arrangement along the left and right directions of the liquid crystal panel 160L, the left-right spacing of the wiring provided on the fifth substrate 161 and the left-right width of the opening 213S of the black matrix layer 213 can be increased, thereby suppressing light diffraction compared to a vertical pixel arrangement. As a result, light shielding is improved compared to a vertical pixel arrangement, and privacy performance is enhanced.

[0107] For example, in a 12.3-inch / 170ppi display device, the spacing of the wiring on the fifth substrate 161 in the left and right directions, i.e. Figure 12 The spacing between the gate lines 256 is extended to approximately 150 μm, and, Figure 11 The width of the opening 213S in the black matrix layer 213 in the left-right direction (long side direction) is extended to 100μm or more and 120μm or less. As a result, in the horizontal pixel arrangement, light diffraction is less likely to occur compared with the vertical pixel arrangement, and light-shielding performance can be improved. In the above, in this modified example of horizontal pixel arrangement, privacy performance can be improved compared with the modified example 2 of vertical pixel arrangement. In addition, in display devices with a resolution lower than the above (e.g., <100ppi), the pixel shape does not necessarily have to be a horizontally elongated rectangle. As long as the width WB in the left-right direction can be ensured to be 80μm or more and 140μm or less, it can also be a square shape.

[0108] In a 12.3-inch / 170ppi display device, for example, regarding privacy performance (light-blocking performance) in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) and at an angle of -30°, the horizontal pixel arrangement improves by approximately 2 times compared to the vertical pixel arrangement. That is, in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) and at an angle of -30°, the brightness of the horizontal pixel arrangement is approximately half that of the vertical pixel arrangement.

[0109] The horizontal pixel arrangement is formed by rotating the orientation of the display liquid crystal panel 160L, which is arranged vertically as shown in Modified Example 2 above, by 90°. The third absorption axis of the third polarizer 150P and the fourth absorption axis of the fourth polarizer 170P remain unchanged, while only the display liquid crystal panel 160L is rotated.

[0110] In this modified example, the increase in the bezel width of the configuration module on the upper and lower edges of the display liquid crystal panel 160L can be suppressed. However, the number of gate lines 256 increases in the left-right direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L, so the bezel width of the configuration module sometimes increases on at least one of the left and right edges of the display liquid crystal panel 160L.

[0111] Furthermore, in any of the above-described modifications 2 and 3, since the display liquid crystal panel 160L is in IPS or FFS mode, the display device has a sufficiently wide viewing angle in open mode.

[0112] The fifth substrate 161 is configured with mutually orthogonal gate lines 256 and source lines 257 forming a grid, and a TFT serving as a switching element is provided near the intersection of these grids. Furthermore, a pixel 21P is formed in the area surrounded by the gate lines 256 and source lines 257, and a pixel electrode 252 and a common electrode 254 connected to the TFT are provided on each pixel 21P. The fifth substrate 161 is also referred to as a TFT substrate. In this modified example, the gate lines 256 are arranged in the vertical direction and the source lines 257 are arranged in the horizontal direction; however, the arrangement of the gate lines 256 and source lines 257 is not limited to this, and the gate lines 256 may also be arranged in the horizontal direction and the source lines 257 in the vertical direction.

[0113] Each pixel electrode 250P is elongated, and the long side of each pixel electrode 250P is arranged along the left-right direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L. That is, each pixel electrode 250P extends along the left-right direction of the display liquid crystal panel 160L.

[0114] Each pixel 21P is elongated, and the long side of each pixel 21P is arranged along the left-right direction of the display LCD panel 160L. That is, each pixel 21P extends along the left-right direction of the display LCD panel 160L.

[0115] The length of the long side (left-right direction) of each pixel 21P is 130μm or more and 170μm or less, preferably 140μm or more and 160μm or less, for example, 150μm. The length of the short side (top-bottom direction) of each pixel 21P is 30μm or more and 70μm or less, preferably 40μm or more and 60μm or less, for example, 50μm.

[0116] A slit 250PS is provided on the pixel electrode 250P along the long side direction (left-right direction) of the pixel electrode 250P. The third liquid crystal molecules 163M contained in the third liquid crystal layer 163 are aligned along the slit 250PS when no voltage is applied.

[0117] The sixth substrate 165 includes: a color filter layer 212 having multi-colored color filters 212C of different colors; and a black matrix layer 213. The multi-colored color filters 212C include, for example, a red color filter 212CR, a green color filter 212CG, and a blue color filter 212CB, and each pixel 21P has a color filter 212C of any color. The sixth substrate 165 is also referred to as a color filter substrate.

[0118] The red color filter 212CR, the green color filter 212CG, and the blue color filter 212CB are all elongated strips, with their long sides arranged along the left-right direction of the display LCD panel 160L. That is, the red color filter 212CR, the green color filter 212CG, and the blue color filter 212CB extend along the left-right direction of the display LCD panel 160L.

[0119] The sixth substrate 165 includes a black matrix layer 213, which has multiple openings 213S corresponding to the multi-color filters 212C. The left-right width WB of the multiple openings 213S for the display liquid crystal panel 160L is 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less, and the vertical width LB of the multiple openings 213S for the display liquid crystal panel 20 is preferably 80 μm or less. By employing this method, light diffraction caused by the black matrix layer 213 can be effectively suppressed. As a result, light shielding and privacy performance can be improved.

[0120] The width WB (also called WB1) in the left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel 160L for display, which is the opening 213S corresponding to the blue color filter 212CB, is larger than the width WB (also called WB2) in the left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel 160L for display, which is the opening 213S corresponding to the green color filter 212CG and the opening 213S corresponding to the red color filter 212CR. For example, the width WB (WB1) in the left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel 160L for the opening 213S corresponding to the blue color filter 212CB is 120μm, and the width WB (WB2) in the left-right direction of the liquid crystal panel 160L for the opening 213S corresponding to the green color filter 212CG and the opening 213S corresponding to the red color filter 212CR is 100μm.

[0121] The vertical width LB of the display liquid crystal panel 160L corresponding to the opening 213S of the blue color filter 212CB, the opening 213S corresponding to the green color filter 212CG, and the opening 213S corresponding to the red color filter 212CR is, for example, 40μm.

[0122] The following examples and comparative examples illustrate the effects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0123] <Example 1> The display device of Embodiment 1 is a specific example of the display device of the first embodiment described above, and has the following characteristics: Figures 1-3 The structure shown.

[0124] Figure 13 This diagram illustrates the configuration of the first liquid crystal panel and the first and second polarizing plates in Embodiment 1. In the un-voltage-approved state, the azimuth angle (liquid crystal pointing angle) Φ1 of the first liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side is 90°, and the azimuth angle Φ2 of the first liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side is 45°. The retardation (refractive index anisotropy Δn × thickness d) under voltage application (approved voltage: 3V) is 630 nm. Thus, |φ1-φ2| of the first liquid crystal layer is 45°, satisfying the condition of Equation 1 above (40° or more and 50° or less). The method for adjusting the azimuth angles Φ1 and Φ2 of the first liquid crystal molecules is not particularly limited. Furthermore, a negative C-plate (not shown) is inserted between the second polarizing plate and the first liquid crystal layer. The retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the negative C-plate is 500 nm, and the retardation in the in-plane direction is 30 nm.

[0125] Figure 14 This refers to the state in Example 1 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 14 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 15 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 1 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -40° and +70°. Figure 14 and 15 It can be seen that in Embodiment 1, the first liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with an asymmetrical viewing angle for shading the low polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -40°).

[0126] Figure 16This diagram illustrates the configuration of the second liquid crystal panel and the second and third polarizing plates in Embodiment 1. In the unapplied voltage state, the azimuth angle φ3 of the second liquid crystal molecules on the third substrate side is 90°, and the azimuth angle φ4 of the second liquid crystal molecules on the fourth substrate side is 90°. The retardation (refractive index anisotropy Δn × thickness d) in the voltage-applied state (applied voltage: 4.5V) is 500nm. Thus, |φ3-φ4| of the second liquid crystal layer is 0°, satisfying the condition (0° or more and 20° or less) described in Equation 4 above.

[0127] Figure 17 This refers to the second liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 1 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 16 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 18 To represent the second liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 1 in the state of no voltage applied (Voff) and the state of voltage applied (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The diagram shows the angular characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with the lowest transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing mode) under voltage application (Von) are -60° and +60°. Depend on Figure 17 and 18 It can be seen that in Embodiment 1, the second liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with a symmetrical viewing angle for blocking the high polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -60°).

[0128] Figure 19 This refers to the first and second liquid crystal layers in Example 1 being in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown and Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combined configuration. Figure 19 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. Contour lines are used to represent differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 19 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 14 The data shown and Figure 17 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 20This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 1 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined configuration. That is, Figure 20 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 15 The data shown and Figure 18 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 21 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 1 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 22 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 1 according to each polar angle. Depend on Figures 19-22 As can be seen, according to the display device of Embodiment 1, when switching from open mode (wide viewing angle mode) to privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode), the transmittance is reduced to almost 0% in a wide range of angle bands covering polar angles of -60° to -40°, thereby improving the light-shielding intensity and light-shielding angle range.

[0129] The detailed design conditions and evaluation results of the display device in Example 1 are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0130] <Example 2> The display device of Embodiment 2 has the same configuration as the display device of Embodiment 1, except that the delay of the first liquid crystal layer of the first liquid crystal panel is set to 800nm.

[0131] Figure 23 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 2 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 23 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 24 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 2 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -30° and +70°. Figure 23 and Figure 24It can be seen that in Embodiment 2, the first liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with an asymmetrical viewing angle for shading the low polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -30°).

[0132] Figure 25 This refers to the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 2 being in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown and Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combined configuration. Figure 25 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. Contour lines are used to represent differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 25 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 23 The data shown and Figure 17 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 26 This refers to the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 2 being in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown and Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined configuration. That is, Figure 26 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 24 The data shown and Figure 18 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 27 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 2 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 28 This is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 2, according to each polar angle. Figures 25-28 As can be seen, according to the display device of Embodiment 2, when switching from open mode (wide viewing angle mode) to privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode), the transmittance is reduced to almost 0% in a wide range of angle bands covering polar angles of -60° to -30°, thereby improving the light-shielding intensity and light-shielding angle range.

[0133] The display device of Embodiment 2 has a minimum transmittance of -30° under the light-shielding of the first liquid crystal panel. Compared with the display device of Embodiment 1, it can achieve a privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode) with a lower polar angle. Therefore, for example, when used as a passenger-side display in a car, the range of light-shielding angles from the driver's side can be expanded to allow the display image of the passenger-side display to be visually recognized, thereby improving driving safety.

[0134] The detailed design conditions and evaluation results of the display device in Example 2 are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0135] <Example 3> The display device of Embodiment 3 has the same configuration as the display device of Embodiment 2, except that a chiral agent is added to the first liquid crystal layer of the first liquid crystal panel to adjust the azimuth angles Φ1 and Φ2 of the director of the first liquid crystal molecules.

[0136] Figure 29 This diagram illustrates the configuration of the first liquid crystal panel and the first and second polarizing plates in Embodiment 3. In the unvoltage-free state, the azimuth angle (liquid crystal pointing angle) Φ1 of the first liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate side is 90°, and the azimuth angle Φ2 of the first liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate side is 50°. The retardation (refractive index anisotropy Δn × thickness d) under voltage application (applied voltage: 3V) is 800nm. Thus, |φ1-φ2| of the first liquid crystal layer is 40°, satisfying the condition of Equation 1 above (40° or more and 50° or less). As a method for adjusting the azimuth angles Φ1 and Φ2 of the first liquid crystal molecules, a left-handed chiral agent (helix pitch = 60μm) is used in the first liquid crystal layer (unit thickness = 6.7μm, Δn = 0.119) to twist the first liquid crystal molecules 40° between the first substrate side and the second substrate side.

[0137] Figure 30 This refers to the state in Embodiment 3 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 29 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 30 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 31 This refers to the state in Embodiment 3 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 29 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -40° and +70°. Figure 30 and 31 It can be seen that in Embodiment 3, the first liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with an asymmetrical viewing angle for blocking the low polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -40°).

[0138] Figure 32 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 3 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 29 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combined configuration. Figure 32 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. Contour lines are used to represent differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 32 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 30 The data shown and Figure 17 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 33 This refers to the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 3 being in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 29 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined configuration. That is, Figure 33 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 31 The data shown and Figure 18 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 34 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 3 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 35 This is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode during the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 3, according to each polar angle. Figures 32-35 As can be seen, according to the display device of Embodiment 3, when switching from open mode (wide viewing angle mode) to privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode), the transmittance is reduced to almost 0% in a wide range of angle bands covering polar angles of -60° to -40°, thereby improving the light-shielding intensity and light-shielding angle range.

[0139] The detailed design conditions and evaluation results of the display device in Example 3 are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0140] <Example 4> The display device of Embodiment 4 has the same configuration as the display device of Embodiment 1, except that the delay of the first liquid crystal layer of the first liquid crystal panel is set to 1000nm and the delay of the second liquid crystal layer of the second liquid crystal panel is set to 400nm.

[0141] Figure 36This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 36 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 37 This refers to the state of the first liquid crystal layer in Embodiment 4 when it is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -25° and +60°. Figure 36 and 37 It can be seen that in Embodiment 4, the first liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with an asymmetrical viewing angle for shading the low polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -25°).

[0142] Figure 38 This refers to the state in Example 4 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 38 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 39 This refers to the state in Example 4 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -80° and +80°. Figure 38 and 39 It can be seen that in Embodiment 4, the second liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with a symmetrical viewing angle for blocking the high polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -80°).

[0143] Figure 40 This refers to the first and second liquid crystal layers of Example 4 in the states of no voltage applied (Voff) and voltage applied (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown and Figure 16The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combined configuration. Figure 40 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. Contour lines are used to represent differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 40 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 36 The data shown and Figure 38 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 41 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 4 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), respectively, relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined configuration. That is, Figure 41 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 37 The data shown and Figure 39 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 42 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 4 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 43 This is a graph schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 4, according to each polar angle. Figures 40-43 As can be seen, according to the display device of Embodiment 4, when switching from open mode (wide viewing angle mode) to privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode), the transmittance is reduced over a wide range of angle bands covering polar angles of -80° to -25°, thereby improving the range of light-shielding angles.

[0144] In the display device of Embodiment 4, the azimuth angle at which the transmittance is minimized due to the light blocking of the first liquid crystal panel is -25°. Compared with the display device of Embodiment 1, a privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode) with a lower polar angle can be achieved. Furthermore, since the azimuth angle at which the transmittance is minimized due to the light blocking of the second liquid crystal panel is -80°, a privacy mode covering a wide angle band from -80° to -25° can be achieved. Therefore, for example, when used as a passenger-side display in a car, the range of light blocking angles from which the displayed image on the passenger-side display cannot be visually recognized from the driver's side can be expanded, improving driving safety.

[0145] The detailed design conditions and evaluation results of the display device in Example 4 are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0146] <Example 5> The display device of Embodiment 5 has the same configuration as the display device of Embodiment 1, except that the delay of the first liquid crystal layer of the first liquid crystal panel is set to 1200nm and the delay of the second liquid crystal layer of the second liquid crystal panel is set to 650nm.

[0147] Figure 44 This refers to the state in Embodiment 5 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The diagram shows the contour lines illustrating the azimuth angle's visual characteristics. Figure 44 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 45 This refers to the state in Embodiment 5 where the first liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -35° and +80°. Figure 44 and 45 It can be seen that in Embodiment 5, the first liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with an asymmetrical viewing angle for shading the low polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -35°).

[0148] Figure 46 This refers to the state in Example 5 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The contour map shown represents the azimuth angle and its visual characteristics. Figure 46 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. The contour lines are used to represent the differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 47 This refers to the state in Example 5 where the second liquid crystal layer is in a voltage-off state (Voff) and a voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 16 The graph shows the viewing angle characteristics of the polar angles. The polar angles with minimum transmittance (shading angle in narrow viewing angle mode) under voltage application (Von) are -55° and +55°. Figure 46 and 47 It can be seen that in Embodiment 5, the second liquid crystal panel functions as an ECB mode liquid crystal panel with a symmetrical viewing angle for blocking the high polar angle side (the direction with a polar angle of around -55°).

[0149] Figure 48 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 5 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The contour map shows the azimuth and angular characteristics of the combined configuration. Figure 48 In the diagram, the horizontal right direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 0°, the upward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 90°, the horizontal left direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 180°, and the downward direction corresponds to an azimuth angle of 270°. Contour lines are used to represent differences in transmittance (in other words, the brightness of the transmitted backlight). Figure 48 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 44 The data shown and Figure 46 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 49 This refers to the state in which the first and second liquid crystal layers in Embodiment 5 are in the voltage-off state (Voff) and voltage-applied state (Von), relative to... Figure 13 The structure shown is Figure 16 The graph shows the angular characteristics of the polar angle of the combined configuration. That is, Figure 49 The data shown is equivalent to Figure 45 The data shown and Figure 47 The cumulative value of the data shown. Figure 50 It is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 5 in the disclosed mode, according to each polar angle. Figure 51 This is a diagram schematically showing the changes in light intensity of each component in privacy mode in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0° to 180°) of the display device of Embodiment 5, according to each polar angle. Figures 48-51 As can be seen, according to the display device of Embodiment 5, when switching from open mode (wide viewing angle mode) to privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode), the transmittance of a wide range of angle bands covering the polar angle of -55° to -35° is reduced, thereby improving the range of light-shielding angles.

[0150] In the display device of Embodiment 5, the azimuth angle at which the transmittance is minimum due to the light-blocking effect of the first liquid crystal panel is -35°, enabling a privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode) with a lower polar angle compared to the display device of Embodiment 1. Furthermore, since the azimuth angle at which the transmittance is minimum due to the light-blocking effect of the second liquid crystal panel is -55°, a privacy mode covering a wide angle band from -55° to -35° can be achieved. Therefore, for example, when used as a passenger-side display in a car, the range of light-blocking angles from which the displayed image on the passenger-side display cannot be visually recognized from the driver's side can be expanded, improving driving safety.

[0151] The detailed design conditions and evaluation results of the display device in Example 5 are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0152] <Comparative Example 1> The design conditions and evaluation results of the display device of Comparative Example 1 are detailed in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0153] [Table 1]

[0154] [Table 2]

[0155] [Table 3]

[0156] The frontal color shift Δxy in Table 3 above represents the color difference between the open mode (wide viewing angle mode) and the privacy mode (narrow viewing angle mode) under frontal viewing. The color difference is calculated using "LCD Host 2D" by determining the voltage dependence of transmittance (wavelength range 400nm–800nm) relative to the polar angle of the horizontal direction (azimuth angle 0°–180°). Specifically, the frontal color coordinates (x1, y1) in wide viewing angle mode (0V) and the frontal color coordinates (x2, y2) in narrow viewing angle mode (5.5V) are determined. Furthermore, the frontal color shift Δxy is calculated as the difference between the frontal color coordinates (x1, y1) in wide viewing angle mode (0V) and the frontal color coordinates (x2, y2) in narrow viewing angle mode (5.5V), as shown in the following formula. Δxy=√{(x1-x2) 2 +(y1-y2) 2}

[0157] The display device of Comparative Example 1 has a high light-shielding angle (the angle at which transmittance is minimized under voltage application (Von)) of -50° in its narrow viewing angle mode, but its light-shielding performance in the narrow viewing angle mode (especially near -30°) is insufficient. On the other hand, the display device of Example 1 has a light-shielding angle of -40° in its narrow viewing angle mode, which is located on the lower polar angle side compared to Example 1, and its light-shielding performance in the narrow viewing angle mode (especially near -30°) is excellent. The display device of Example 2 has a light-shielding angle of -30°, which is located on the lower polar angle side compared to Example 1, and its light-shielding performance in the narrow viewing angle mode (especially near -30°) is even better. The display device of Example 3 has a light-shielding angle of -40°, which is located on the lower polar angle side compared to Example 1, and its light-shielding performance in the narrow viewing angle mode is excellent, and it is also excellent in terms of small color shift between modes. The display device of Example 4 has a light-shielding angle of -25°, which is located on the lower polar angle side compared to Example 1, and its light-shielding performance in the narrow viewing angle mode (especially near -30°) is excellent. The display device of Example 5 has a light-shielding angle of -35°, which is located on the low polar angle side compared with Example 1. Its light-shielding performance in narrow viewing angle mode (especially the light-shielding performance near -30°) is excellent.

[0158] Furthermore, in Embodiment 4, the light-shielding performance near -45° is worse than that at -25° or -80°. Moreover, the light-shielding performance in narrow viewing angle mode can be improved by adding a third liquid crystal panel with a light-shielding angle of -45° for viewing angle control between the second liquid crystal panel and the display liquid crystal panel. That is, the number of liquid crystal panels for viewing angle control is not limited to two; it can be three or more. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0159] 21P: pixels 100: Backlight 110P: First polarizing plate 120L: First LCD panel 121: First substrate 121a: Support substrate 121b: First electrode 122: Orientation film 123: First liquid crystal layer 123a: First liquid crystal molecule on the first substrate side 123b: The first liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate side 123M: First liquid crystal molecule 124: Orientation film 125: Second substrate 125a: Support substrate 125b: Second electrode 128: Negative C plate 130P: Second polarizing plate 131: Third substrate 132: Orientation film 133: Second liquid crystal layer 133a: The second liquid crystal molecule on the third substrate side 133b: The second liquid crystal molecule on the fourth substrate side 134: Orientation film 135: Fourth substrate 140L: Second LCD panel 150P: Third polarizing plate 160L: LCD panel for display 161: Fifth substrate 162: Orientation film 163: Third liquid crystal layer 163M: Third liquid crystal molecule 164: Orientation film 165: Sixth substrate 170P: Fourth polarizing plate 211: Third support substrate 212: Color Filter Layer 212C, 212CB, 212CG, 212CR: Color filters 213: Black Matrix Layer 213S: Opening 250P: Pixel Electrode 250PS: Slit 251: Fourth Support Base Plate 252: Third electrode 253: Insulation layer 254: Fourth electrode 254a: Linear electrode section 254b: Open 256: Gate line 257: Source Line

Claims

1. A liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control, characterized by comprising: It has the following features in sequence: A first polarizing plate having a first absorption axis; The first liquid crystal panel comprises, in sequence: a first substrate having a first electrode; a first liquid crystal layer containing first liquid crystal molecules; and a second substrate having a second electrode. The second polarizer has a second absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis; The second liquid crystal panel comprises, in sequence: a third substrate having a third electrode; a second liquid crystal layer containing second liquid crystal molecules; and a fourth substrate having a fourth electrode. as well as A third polarizing plate has a third absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis. Set the azimuth angle of the first absorption axis to φP1. The azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule on the first substrate side is set to φ1 when the voltage of the first liquid crystal layer is not applied, and the azimuth angle of the pointer of the first liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate side is set to φ2. The azimuth angle of the second absorption axis is φP2. The azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule on the third substrate side is set to φ3 when the voltage of the second liquid crystal layer is not applied, and the azimuth angle of the pointer of the second liquid crystal molecule on the fourth substrate side is set to φ4. When the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis is set to φP3, It satisfies Equations (1), (4), and (5) below, and also satisfies either Equation (2) or Equation (3) below. 40°≤|φ1-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 1); 0°≤|φP1-φ1|≤5°…(Equation 2); 40°≤|φP2-φ2|≤50°…(Equation 3); 0°≤|φ3-φ4|≤20°…(Formula 4); 0°≤|φP3-φ3|≤5°…(Equation 5).

2. The liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first liquid crystal panel, the first electrode and the second electrode are full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the first liquid crystal layer is above 600nm and below 1200nm. In the second liquid crystal panel, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are full-surface electrodes, and the delay of the second liquid crystal layer is above 300nm and below 700nm.

3. The liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first liquid crystal panel or the second liquid crystal panel has a negative C-plate, wherein the thickness retardation Rth of the negative C-plate is greater than 350nm and less than 750nm.

4. A display device, characterized by comprising: It has the following features in sequence: The backlight is positioned further back than the first polarizer. LCD panel for viewing angle control according to any one of claims 1 to 3; An IPS or FFS display liquid crystal panel comprises, in sequence: a fifth substrate disposed on the viewing surface side of the third polarizer and having pixel electrodes; a third liquid crystal layer containing third liquid crystal molecules; and a sixth substrate having a multi-color filter. as well as The fourth polarizer has a fourth absorption axis. When the azimuth angle of the third absorption axis is set to φP3 and the azimuth angle of the fourth absorption axis is set to φP4, the following condition (Equation 6) is satisfied. 85°≤|φP3-φP4|≤90°…(Equation 6).

5. The display device according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the liquid crystal panel for display, the multi-color filters and the pixel electrodes are both elongated strip shapes. The multi-color filters and the pixel electrodes are arranged along the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel, respectively.

6. The display device according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the liquid crystal panel for display, the multi-color filters and the pixel electrodes are both elongated strip shapes. The multi-color filters and the pixel electrodes are arranged along the left and right directions of the display liquid crystal panel, respectively.

7. The display device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sixth substrate has a black matrix layer, which has multiple openings corresponding to the multi-color filters. The widths of the plurality of openings in the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel are respectively 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less. The width of each of the plurality of openings in the left-right direction of the display liquid crystal panel is 80 μm or less.

8. The display device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sixth substrate has a black matrix layer, which has multiple openings corresponding to the multi-color filters. The widths of the plurality of openings in the left-right direction of the display liquid crystal panel are respectively 80 μm or more and 140 μm or less. The widths of the plurality of openings in the vertical direction of the display liquid crystal panel are each less than 80 μm.

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