An enzyme liquid fertilizer for improving yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, preparation and use method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of enzyme liquid fertilizer for improving the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: the enzyme liquid fertilizer is diluted from navel orange enzyme stock solution prepared by navel orange fermentation, the fermentation is to wash navel orange, cut it into pieces, then add brown sugar and distilled water, seal and ferment at 20-40℃ for 60 days, then collect the supernatant to obtain navel orange enzyme stock solution. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer prepared by the application effectively promotes the growth of flue-cured tobacco, significantly increases the plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco, improves the agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increases the yield per mu and the proportion of high-quality tobacco of flue-cured tobacco, which are increased by 15.16% and 20.84% respectively compared with CK. The application of navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer significantly increases the soil organic matter content and the soil available potassium content. The application of navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer increases the ASV number of soil bacteria and fungi, and the bacterial community diversity index is higher than that of the other two treatments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting technology, specifically to an enzyme liquid fertilizer for increasing flue-cured tobacco yield and value, its preparation, and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco is an important economic crop in my country, ranking first in the world in both area and yield. Tobacco leaf production also occupies a significant position in my country's national economy. Fertilizer is an essential raw material for flue-cured tobacco growth; improper application not only fails to increase yield but also causes adverse effects on the soil and even pollutes the natural environment. Currently, in my country's tobacco cultivation, there is a high multiple cropping index and long-term, excessive use of single chemical fertilizers, resulting in reduced soil fertility and decreased fertilizer utilization, making it difficult to meet the nutrient requirements for high-quality tobacco growth. Therefore, to address the adverse effects of excessive chemical fertilizer application on flue-cured tobacco crops, reducing chemical fertilizer application and using new types of fertilizers have become research hotspots.

[0003] Fruit and vegetable waste is easily decomposed, has a low pH value, and a high water content. Its organic part contains 75% sugar and hemicellulose, 9% cellulose, and 5% lignin, and is rich in nutrients such as N, P, and K, and is essentially non-toxic. Enzyme fertilizer is a new type of bio-fertilizer product. Its core substance is live microorganisms, which decompose elements in the soil into substances that plants can utilize through microbial life activities, helping crops absorb nutrients, improving soil conditions, and promoting crop growth and development. Therefore, research on the resource utilization of enzymes from fruit and vegetable waste is inevitable. Existing studies have shown that applying grape waste enzyme liquid fertilizer significantly affects the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in vineyards. Other studies have shown that four enzymes—winter melon enzyme, pumpkin enzyme, cabbage enzyme, and bok choy enzyme—can promote the growth and development of walnut plants by improving the soil microenvironment, enhance the vigor of walnut trees to improve disease resistance, and can be used for the prevention and control of anthracnose in walnut orchards. In summary, enzyme fertilizer, as a new type of fertilizer, can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality. However, there are no reports on the application of fruit and vegetable enzyme liquid fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco, and its effectiveness is unknown. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an enzyme liquid fertilizer that can increase the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the enzyme liquid fertilizer.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide the application of this enzyme liquid fertilizer, which uses navel oranges to prepare the enzyme liquid fertilizer and applies it during the growth of flue-cured tobacco, effectively improving the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An enzyme liquid fertilizer for improving the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that: the enzyme liquid fertilizer is obtained by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution obtained by fermenting navel oranges. The fermentation is carried out by washing the navel oranges, chopping them, adding brown sugar and distilled water, sealing and fermenting at 20~40℃ for 60 days, and then collecting the supernatant to obtain the navel orange enzyme stock solution.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the navel orange, brown sugar, and distilled water is 3~4:1:10~12.

[0009] More preferably, the mass ratio of the navel orange, brown sugar, and distilled water is 3:1:10.

[0010] A method for preparing an enzyme liquid fertilizer to improve the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by: using navel oranges as raw materials, chopping them up and adding brown sugar and distilled water, sealing and fermenting them at 20~40℃ for 60 days, then collecting the supernatant to obtain navel orange enzyme stock solution, and then diluting it with water by about 10 times to obtain navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the navel orange, brown sugar, and distilled water is 3~4:1:10~12.

[0012] More preferably, the mass ratio of the navel orange, brown sugar, and distilled water is 3:1:10.

[0013] The application of the above-mentioned navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is characterized in that: when used in flue-cured tobacco planting, specifically, the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is applied 30 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is obtained by diluting the supernatant collected after the fermentation of navel oranges as navel orange enzyme stock solution.

[0014] Furthermore, the frequency of applying the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is once every 2 to 3 weeks until the tobacco leaves begin to be harvested. When applying, the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is evenly applied to the roots of the tobacco plant, and the amount applied each time is about 80 to 100 mL per tobacco plant.

[0015] Most specifically, the application of an enzyme liquid fertilizer to increase the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by the following steps: (1) Preparation of navel orange enzyme stock solution: Wash the navel orange, chop it, add brown sugar and distilled water, seal and ferment at 20~40℃ for 60 days, and then collect the supernatant as navel orange enzyme stock solution. The mass ratio of navel orange, brown sugar and distilled water is 3~4:1:10~12. (2) Transplant the tobacco seedlings to the flue-cured tobacco field and control the plant spacing to be 50 cm*120 cm. Apply navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer 30 days after transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Apply it evenly to the roots of the tobacco plants. Each application amount is 80~100 mL / plant. Apply it once every 2~3 weeks until the tobacco leaves are harvested. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is made by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution obtained in step (1) with water 10 times.

[0016] The present invention has the following technical effects: The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer prepared in this invention effectively promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco, significantly increasing plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, and number of effective leaves, thus improving the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco. It also significantly increased the yield per mu (667 square meters) and the proportion of high-grade tobacco, with increases of 15.16% and 20.84% ​​respectively compared to the control group (CK). Application of the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter content and available potassium content. Furthermore, it increased the number of ASVs (autotrophic stem cells) in the soil bacteria and fungi, with a higher bacterial community diversity index than the other two treatments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 : Effects of different treatments on the β diversity of soil bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities.

[0018] Figure 2 Venn diagram of soil bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities at different ASV levels.

[0019] Figure 3 Correlation analysis of different treatments on rhizosphere soil bacteria (A, C) and fungi (B, D) of tobacco plants. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above description.

[0021] Example 1 The application of an enzyme-based liquid fertilizer to increase the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of navel orange enzyme stock solution: Wash the navel orange, chop it, add brown sugar and distilled water, seal and ferment at 20~40℃ for 60 days, and then collect the supernatant as navel orange enzyme stock solution. The mass ratio of navel orange, brown sugar and distilled water is 3:1:10. (2) Transplant the tobacco seedlings to the flue-cured tobacco field and control the plant spacing to be 50 cm*120 cm. Apply navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer 30 days after transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Apply it evenly to the roots of the tobacco plants. The amount applied each time is 100 mL / plant. Apply it once every 2 weeks until the tobacco leaves are harvested. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is made by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution obtained in step (1) with water by 10 times. It is denoted as FO.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 Following the fermentation method in Example 1, the enzyme stock solution fermented from cabbage was diluted into cabbage enzyme liquid fertilizer, denoted as FC.

[0023] The test results of the main components in navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer and cabbage enzyme stock solution are shown in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1: Main Components of Navel Orange Enzyme Liquid Fertilizer and Cabbage Enzyme Stock Solution

[0025] It can be seen that fruit and vegetable enzyme liquid fertilizer is a new type of bio-fertilizer. It is rich in nutrients and small-molecule organic matter, which can supplement the needs of flue-cured tobacco for amino acids and trace elements during its growth. However, the main component structures of enzyme fertilizers prepared from different raw materials are significantly different, and therefore their effects will also be significantly different.

[0026] Experimental testing: Three treatments were set up: FO (fertilizer treated with navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer), FC (fertilizer treated with cabbage enzyme liquid fertilizer), and CK (fertilizer treated with no fertilizer). All treatments were fertilized using the same method. Each treatment had three replicates, and a randomized block design was used, for a total of nine plots.

[0027] The experiment was conducted in Wanle Village, Gulu Town, Wuxi County, Chongqing (109°23′41″E, 31°18′12″N). The experimental site has an altitude of 1009 m, an average annual temperature of 14–23 ℃, and an average annual precipitation of 740.0–810.0 mm during the tobacco growing season. The basic physicochemical properties of the experimental soil are as follows: pH 7.05, organic matter content 19.04 g / kg, total nitrogen content 1.23 g / kg, available nitrogen content 123.90 mg / kg, available phosphorus content 32.43 mg / kg, and available potassium content 304.00 mg / kg. The selected tobacco variety is Yunyan 87.

[0028] 1. Testing crop agronomic traits According to the standard method for tobacco agronomic traits survey YC / T142-2010, agronomic traits were measured in each plot by selecting representative tobacco plants during the growing season, vigorous growth period, peak growth period, and maturity period: plant height, stem circumference, number of effective leaves, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0029] Table 2: Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

[0030] Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments. P <0.05) level. The same applies below.

[0031] The results showed that the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer treatment significantly improved the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The plant height, stem circumference, number of effective leaves, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width of FO tobacco were all significantly higher than those of CK, increasing by 16.33%, 14.53%, 11.11%, 10.43%, and 10.31%, respectively. The overall effect of cabbage enzyme liquid fertilizer FC was slightly worse than that of FO.

[0032] 2. Test output value and quality During harvesting and curing, tobacco leaves were harvested and cured according to designated plots. After curing, the leaves were graded and weighed according to plot, and the yield and value of the cured tobacco leaves were calculated with reference to the tobacco leaf grading standards. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0033] Table 3: Effects of different treatments on flue-cured tobacco yield and output value

[0034] Table 3 shows that the yield per mu (667 square meters) and the proportion of high-grade tobacco in the FO (French-French) treatment were significantly higher than those in the control (CK), increasing by 15.16% and 20.84% ​​respectively. The yield per mu and the proportion of high-grade tobacco in the FO treatment both showed a trend of FO > FC > CK. Although the FC treatment achieved the highest yield per mu (147.56 kg), its yield per mu and the proportion of high-grade tobacco were lower than those in the FO treatment, decreasing by 4.21% and 16.60% respectively. In other words, FO effectively increased the proportion of high-grade tobacco, improved the overall quality of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increased the overall yield.

[0035] 3. Testing changes in soil indicators for tobacco planting Soil sample collection: After tobacco harvesting, 10 tobacco plants were randomly selected from each plot. Their root systems were dug up, and the soil surrounding the roots was collected as rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere soil from 10 plants was mixed into one sample. After collection, the samples were stored at low temperature in an insulated box and brought back to the laboratory. The returned soil samples were passed through a 20-mesh sieve to remove plant debris. After being mixed evenly, the samples were divided into two portions. One portion was placed in a cool place to air dry for soil physicochemical analysis, and the other portion was refrigerated at -80℃ for high-throughput sequencing.

[0036] (1) Measurement of changes in soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas Soil physicochemical indicators were determined according to Bao Shidan's "Soil Agrochemical Analysis (Third Edition)". Basic soil nutrients included pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. pH was measured using a standard PB-10 pH meter (water-to-soil ratio 2.5:1); soil organic matter content was determined using the high-temperature external heating potassium dichromate oxidation-volume method; soil available nitrogen content was determined using the alkaline diffusion method; soil available phosphorus content was determined using the sodium bicarbonate method; and soil available potassium content was determined using the ammonium acetate extraction method. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0037] Table 4: Changes in soil nutrient content at harvest time in tobacco fields under different treatments

[0038] The results showed that the soil organic matter content in the FO treatment was significantly increased by 13.54% compared with the CK; the soil available phosphorus content in the FC treatment was significantly increased by 19.62% compared with the CK; and the soil available potassium content in both the FC and FO treatments was significantly increased, by 6.85% and 5.37% respectively compared with the CK.

[0039] (2) Changes in soil microbial community diversity in tobacco-growing areas Before tobacco harvest, rhizosphere soil samples were collected for soil microbial diversity assessment. Specifically, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and Illumina Miseq sequencing were used to obtain amplicon variants (ASVs) in the samples. Based on representative ASV sequence information and abundance information, the RDP classifier Bayesian algorithm was used to perform taxonomic analysis of the representative ASV sequences, obtaining annotation information for ASVs at the domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species levels. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to examine the significance of relative abundance differences between bacterial and fungal communities. The results of soil microbial community α-diversity are shown in Table 5.

[0040] Table 5: Comparison of α-diversity index of rhizosphere soil microbial community in flue-cured tobacco under different treatments

[0041] Table 5 shows that different enzyme-based liquid fertilizer treatments had varying effects on soil bacterial community diversity. For bacteria, the Shannon index of FO was significantly higher than that of FC compared to CK. While there were no significant differences in the Chao1 and ACE indices among the three treatments, FO consistently showed higher values ​​than FC and CK. FC's Simpson index was lower than the other two treatments. This indicates that the application of navel orange enzyme-based liquid fertilizer improved soil bacterial community diversity and richness. Different fertilization treatments also had varying effects on soil fungal community diversity. For fungi, while there were no significant differences among treatments, the Chao1, ACE, and Simpson indices of FC and FO were lower than those of CK. FO's Chao1, ACE, and Simpson indices were slightly lower than those of CK, but its Shannon index was slightly higher. For both bacteria and fungi, the Chao1, ACE, and Simpson indices of FC were lower than those of the CK group. This indicates that the application of cabbage enzyme-based liquid fertilizer reduced soil fungal community diversity and richness.

[0042] PCoA analysis of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants was performed based on the weighted-unifrac distance algorithm. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown (A represents bacteria, B represents fungi). The results indicate that at the ASV level, the FC and FO soil bacterial community samples showed a small area of ​​overlap, while being completely separated from the CK and at considerable distances. For the fungal community, the FC samples clustered with the CK and partially overlapped with the FO samples, indicating that the application of fruit and vegetable enzyme liquid fertilizer affected the fungal community structure of the tobacco rhizosphere soil, but did not completely alter the fungal community structure. In conclusion, the application of fruit and vegetable enzyme liquid fertilizer changed the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure in tobacco fields, with a more significant effect on the bacterial community structure.

[0043] Venn diagram analysis based on ASV level, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure. The results showed that the number of bacterial ASVs in CK, FC, and FO were 8022, 8067, and 8991, respectively; the number of bacterial ASVs shared by CK, FC, and FO was 3307; the number of bacterial ASVs shared by FC and FO with CK were 3945 and 4452, respectively, and the number of bacterial ASVs shared by FC and FO was 4644; the number of bacterial ASVs unique to CK, FC, and FO were 2932, 2785, and 3202, respectively. The number of fungal ASVs in CK, FC, and FO were 1443, 1432, and 2131, respectively; the number of fungal ASVs shared by CK, FC, and FO was 465; the number of fungal ASVs shared by FC and FO with CK were 571 and 661, respectively, and the number of fungal ASVs shared by FC and FO was 683; the number of fungal ASVs unique to CK, FC, and FO were 676, 645, and 1252, respectively. It is evident that the total number of bacteria and unique bacteria in the soil treated with navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the CK and FC groups, and similar results were observed in the fungal composition.

[0044] To further analyze the impact of different soil factors on microbial community structure, RDA and Spearman correlation analyses were performed on bacterial and fungal community structure and soil environmental factors, such as... Figure 3 As shown. From Figure 3 As shown in Figure A, RDA1 explained 38.34% of the total variance, and RDA2 explained 12.53%. At the bacterial ASV level, the CK treatment showed a significantly different distribution compared to other treatments, indicating that the application of fruit and vegetable enzyme liquid fertilizer significantly alters the soil bacterial community structure. The influence of environmental factors on soil bacterial community structure, from highest to lowest, was: available phosphorus (AP), pH, available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), organic matter (OM), and total nitrogen (TN). The distribution of CK bacteria was negatively correlated with AP, pH, AN, OM, and TN, while the distribution of FC and FO bacteria was positively correlated with AP, pH, AN, OM, and TN. Correlation analysis between soil environmental factors and dominant bacterial phyla is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in Figure C, changes in bacterial community structure are correlated with environmental factors. The results indicate that phosphorus availability (AP) is significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Methylomirabilota. This suggests that available phosphorus in the soil has a positive regulatory effect on the abundance of Proteobacteria and Methylomirabilota.

[0045] Depend on Figure 3 As shown in section B, RDA1 explains 37.77% of the total variance, and RDA2 explains 12.24%. At the fungal ASV level, FC and FO samples separated, indicating that different enzyme-based liquid fertilizers have different effects on the soil fungal community structure. The environmental factors affecting the soil fungal community structure, from highest to lowest, are AK, AP, AN, pH, OM, and TN. The distribution of FC and FO fungi is positively correlated with AK, while the distribution of CK fungi is negatively correlated with AK; the distribution of FC fungi is positively correlated with AN, while CK is negatively correlated with AN; the distribution of FC fungi is positively correlated with AP, pH, OM, and TN, while FO is negatively correlated with AP, pH, OM, and TN. The correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and dominant fungal groups at the phylum level is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in Figure D, AN is significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of the fungi phylum Lystridium; AP is significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of unclassified_k__Fungi; while OM is significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of the fungi phylum Basidiomycota.

[0046] Example 2 The application of an enzyme-based liquid fertilizer to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of navel orange enzyme stock solution: Wash the navel orange, chop it, add brown sugar and distilled water, seal and ferment at 20~40℃ for 60 days, and then collect the supernatant as navel orange enzyme stock solution. The mass ratio of navel orange, brown sugar and distilled water is 4:1:12. (2) Transplant the tobacco seedlings to the flue-cured tobacco field and control the plant spacing to be 50 cm*120 cm. Apply navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer 30 days after transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Apply it evenly to the roots of the tobacco plants. The amount applied each time is 80 mL / plant. Apply it once every 2 weeks until the tobacco leaves are harvested. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is made by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution obtained in step (1) with water by 10 times.

[0047] Example 3 The application of an enzyme-based liquid fertilizer to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of navel orange enzyme stock solution: Wash the navel orange, chop it, add brown sugar and distilled water, seal and ferment at 20~40℃ for 60 days, and then collect the supernatant as navel orange enzyme stock solution. The mass ratio of navel orange, brown sugar and distilled water is 3.5:1:10. (2) Transplant the tobacco seedlings to the flue-cured tobacco field and control the plant spacing to be 50 cm*120 cm. Apply navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer 30 days after transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Apply it evenly to the roots of the tobacco plants. The amount applied each time is 90 mL / tobacco plant. Apply it once every 3 weeks until the tobacco leaves are harvested. The navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is made by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution obtained in step (1) with water by 10 times.

[0048] The effects of the prepared navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco plants, the corresponding yield, quality and output value of flue-cured tobacco were obtained by using the prepared navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer in the same experimental soil according to the methods of Example 2 and Example 3, as shown in Table 6.

[0049] Table 6: Effects of the treatments in Example 2 and Example 3 on agronomic traits, yield, and quality of flue-cured tobacco

[0050] As shown in the table above, the use of navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer during the planting of the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 resulted in significant improvements in the agronomic traits of the tobacco leaves, yield per mu, and the proportion of high-quality tobacco compared to the control group (CK) which did not use navel orange liquid fertilizer.

[0051] During the experiment, the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer of this invention significantly improved the agronomic traits, yield, and proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves when used in the planting of other varieties of flue-cured tobacco, thereby increasing the output value of flue-cured tobacco.

Claims

1. An enzyme liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: The enzyme liquid fertilizer is obtained by diluting the navel orange enzyme stock solution made from navel orange fermentation. The fermentation process involves washing and chopping the navel oranges, adding brown sugar and distilled water, sealing and fermenting at 20-40℃ for 60 days, and then collecting the supernatant to obtain the navel orange enzyme stock solution. The mass ratio of navel oranges, brown sugar and distilled water is 3-4:1:10-12.

2. The method for preparing enzyme liquid fertilizer to improve the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It uses navel oranges as raw material, which are chopped and then mixed with brown sugar and distilled water. The mixture is then sealed and fermented at 20-40℃ for 60 days. The supernatant is then collected to obtain navel orange enzyme stock solution, which is then diluted with water by about 10 times to obtain navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing an enzyme liquid fertilizer to improve the yield and value of flue-cured tobacco as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of navel oranges, brown sugar, and distilled water is 3~4:1:10~12.

4. The application of the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer prepared by the method described in claim 3, characterized in that: When applied to flue-cured tobacco planting, navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is applied starting 30 days after the tobacco is transplanted.

5. The application of the navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The frequency of applying navel orange enzyme liquid fertilizer is once every 2 to 3 weeks until the tobacco leaves begin to be harvested. Apply it evenly to the roots of the tobacco plants, with each application amount being approximately 80 to 100 mL per plant.

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