Blade, gas turbine turbine and gas turbine

Abstract

The application discloses a blade, a gas turbine turbine and a gas turbine. The blade comprises a blade body, the blade body has a trailing edge part extending along the length direction of the blade body; the trailing edge part has a flat section and a fillet section in the thickness direction of the trailing edge part, the flat section is located in the middle of the trailing edge part, and the two fillet sections are respectively located on the two sides of the flat section; the trailing edge part has a first section and a second section connected in the extension direction of the trailing edge part, the cross-sectional size of the first section gradually decreases from one end close to the blade root of the blade body to one end away from the blade root of the blade body; the trailing edge part has a plurality of cooling holes, the plurality of cooling holes are arranged on the flat section, and the cross-sectional area of the plurality of cooling holes on the first section gradually decreases in the direction of the first section towards the second section. The blade disclosed by the application can reduce the stress concentration, and improve the safety and service life of the blade during operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas turbine technology, specifically relating to a blade, a gas turbine, and a gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Turbine blades are important components of gas turbines, and the blade structure, especially the trailing edge structure, has a significant impact on the safe and stable operation of the turbine and gas turbine.

[0003] In related technologies, turbine blades adopt a cooling structure with a central slit. To ensure aerodynamic efficiency and cooling effect, the trailing edge is rounded and cooling holes are arranged at the trailing edge. However, due to the influence of centrifugal stress and thermal stress, the structure in related technologies will cause stress concentration at this location, affecting the safety and service life of the blade operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a blade that can reduce stress concentration and improve the safety and service life of the blade during operation.

[0006] This invention also proposes a gas turbine.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a gas turbine is also proposed.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a blade includes a blade body, the blade body having a trailing edge portion that extends along the length direction of the blade body;

[0009] In the thickness direction of the trailing edge, the trailing edge has a straight section and a rounded section, the straight section is located in the middle of the trailing edge, and the two rounded sections are located on both sides of the straight section;

[0010] In the extending direction of the trailing edge, the trailing edge has a first section and a second section connected to each other. The first section is located close to the root of the blade body, and the cross-sectional size of the first section gradually decreases from the end close to the root of the blade body to the end away from the root of the blade body.

[0011] The trailing edge has a plurality of cooling holes, which are provided on the straight section and spaced apart along the extension direction of the trailing edge. The cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of cooling holes located on the first section gradually decreases along the direction from the first section toward the second section.

[0012] The blade of the present invention, through structural design of the trailing edge in the extension direction and thickness direction of the trailing edge, can reduce stress concentration in the trailing edge, improve the safety and service life of the blade during operation, reduce the wall thickness at the end of the trailing edge by setting the straight section and the rounded corner section, improve the casting process performance of the trailing edge, and reduce eccentricity, so as to avoid the situation of excessively thin trailing edge wall thickness and irregular shape due to factors such as post-casting processes.

[0013] In some embodiments, the dimension L1 of the cooling hole in the thickness direction of the trailing edge and the width L2 of the straight segment in the thickness direction of the trailing edge satisfy: L1 < L2.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radius R of the rounded corner segment and the thickness L3 of the trailing edge satisfy: 2R < L3.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the cooling hole includes a middle section and end corner sections, with the two end corner sections respectively located at both ends of the middle section in the extending direction of the trailing edge.

[0016] The middle section has a first surface and a second surface that are parallel and opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge. The end corner section has a third surface and a fourth surface that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge. The third surface and the fourth surface are arc surfaces. The third surface and the first surface are smoothly connected. The fourth surface and the second surface are smoothly connected. The third surface and the fourth surface are also smoothly connected.

[0017] The dimension of the end corner segment in the thickness direction of the trailing edge gradually decreases from the end closer to the middle segment to the end farther away from the middle segment.

[0018] In some embodiments, the cooling hole located on the second section includes two end corner segments, the two end corner segments are open and opposite to each other in the extending direction of the trailing edge, and the end corner segments have a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge, the third surface and the fourth surface being arc surfaces;

[0019] In the two corner segments of the same cooling hole in the second section, the two third surfaces are smoothly connected, and the two fourth surfaces are smoothly connected.

[0020] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the cross-sectional profiles of the third and fourth surfaces gradually decreases from one end near the center of the cooling hole to the end away from the center of the cooling hole.

[0021] In some embodiments, the dimension L4 of the end corner segment in the extending direction of the trailing edge and the dimension L1 of the cooling hole in the thickness direction of the trailing edge satisfy: 1.2 ≤ L4 / (L1 / 2) ≤ 1.8; and / or

[0022] The RHO value of the cross-sectional profile of the end corner segment is 0.4 to 0.8.

[0023] In some embodiments, the blade body has a cooling channel, and a plurality of cooling holes are connected to the cooling channel; and / or

[0024] In the plurality of cooling holes, the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes in the extension direction of the trailing edge is the same and satisfies a first threshold.

[0025] The gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention includes blades as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0026] The gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention includes blades as described in any of the foregoing embodiments and / or a gas turbine as described in the foregoing embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the blade structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tail edge portion in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tail edge from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure in the BB direction.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling hole structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] 100. Leaf blade;

[0034] 1. Blade body; 11. Tail margin;

[0035] 21. Straight section; 22. Rounded corner section;

[0036] 31. First section; 32. Second section;

[0037] 4. Cooling hole; 41. Middle section; 411. First surface; 412. Second surface; 42. End corner section; 421. Third surface; 422. Fourth surface. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the blade 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a blade body 1, the blade body 1 having a trailing edge portion 11, the trailing edge portion 11 extending along the length direction of the blade body 1. The length direction of the blade body 1 is the up-down direction as shown in the figure.

[0040] The blade body 1 has a leading edge, a middle part and a trailing edge in the width direction. The thickness of the trailing edge is relatively thin. The extension direction of the trailing edge is the same as the extension direction of the blade body 1. The blade body 1 has a cooling channel. After the cold air enters the cooling channel from the blade root of the blade body 1, it is discharged from the trailing edge.

[0041] Figure 2 The diagram shows an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1, specifically the structure of the trailing edge 11 near the leaf root. In the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11, the trailing edge 11 has a straight section 21 and a rounded section 22. The straight section 21 is located in the middle of the trailing edge 11, and the two rounded sections 22 are located on both sides of the straight section 21.

[0042] In other words, in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11, the end of the trailing edge 11 is connected by three smooth transition sections. The straight section 21 is located in the middle, and the two sides of the straight section 21 are smoothly connected to the two walls of the blade body 1 in the thickness direction through rounded corner sections 22. The thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 is also the left-right direction shown in the figure. Through the structural design in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11, the wall thickness at the tip of the trailing edge can be effectively reduced, the process performance of the casting trailing edge grinding can be optimized, the eccentricity can be reduced, and the situation of excessively thin trailing edge wall thickness and irregular shape caused by factors such as post-casting processes can be avoided. It can also effectively reduce the stress concentration problem in this area.

[0043] In the extending direction of the trailing edge portion 11, the trailing edge portion 11 has a first section 31 and a second section 32 connected to each other. The first section 31 is located close to the blade root of the blade body 1, and the cross-sectional dimension of the first section 31 gradually decreases from the end close to the blade root of the blade body 1 to the end away from the blade root of the blade body 1. In the vertical direction shown in the figure, the trailing edge portion 11 can be divided into a first section 31 close to the blade root of the blade body 1 and a second section 32 connected to the first section 31.

[0044] Since the blade body 1 has a connecting part at the blade root, in order to improve the structural stability of the blade body 1, the cross-sectional size of the first section 31 in this embodiment of the invention gradually decreases from the end near the blade root to the end away from the blade root. At this time, the rounded corner section 22 on the first section 31 can make the trailing edge 11 of the blade body 1 smoothly transition to the connecting part at the blade root through a rounded transition, and also smoothly transition to the two walls in the thickness direction of the blade body 1, thereby avoiding stress concentration at this position and improving the structural stability.

[0045] The straight section 21 in the first section 31 has the same dimension in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 as the straight section 21 in the second section 32. The straight section 21 in the first section 31 bends outward in the direction away from the blade body 1 of the trailing edge 11 and forms an arc surface.

[0046] The rounded segment 22 at the first section 31 bends outward in the direction away from the blade body 1 at the trailing edge 11, forming a roughly fan-shaped curved surface.

[0047] The trailing edge 11 has a plurality of cooling holes 4, which are provided on the straight section 21 and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the trailing edge 11. The cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of cooling holes 4 located on the first section 31 gradually decreases along the direction from the first section 31 toward the second section 32.

[0048] Multiple cooling holes 4 are spaced apart on the straight section 21 to form a central split cooling structure. The cooling holes 4 are connected to the cooling channel inside the blade body 1. The cold air is discharged through the cooling channel and then through the cooling holes 4. In this embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional area of ​​the multiple cooling holes 4 located on the first section 31 gradually decreases along the direction from the blade root of the blade body 1 toward the middle of the blade body 1 (that is, the direction from the first section 31 toward the second section 32). During the casting process of the blade body 1, the strength of the cast ceramic core can be improved, as shown in the figure: H3 > H2 > H1.

[0049] The blade of the embodiment of the present invention, through the structural design of the trailing edge 11 in its extension direction and its thickness direction, can reduce the stress concentration of the trailing edge 11, improve the safety and service life of the blade during operation, and reduce the wall thickness at the end of the trailing edge 11 by setting the straight section 21 and the rounded corner section 22, thereby improving the casting process performance of the trailing edge 11. At the same time, it can also reduce the occurrence of excessively thin trailing edge wall thickness and irregular shape caused by factors such as eccentricity and post-casting processes.

[0050] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the dimension L1 of the cooling hole 4 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 and the width L2 of the straight section 21 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 satisfy the condition: L1 < L2. That is, the maximum dimension of the cooling hole 4 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 is smaller than the width of the straight section 21, so that the cooling hole 4 is located on the straight section 21 and will not intersect with the rounded corner section 22, thus avoiding local stress concentration after the two intersect.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, furthermore, the radius R of the rounded corner segment 22 and the thickness L3 of the trailing edge 11 satisfy: 2R < L3. It should be understood that, while ensuring the dimensional relationship between the cooling hole 4 and the straight segment 21, it is also necessary to ensure the dimensional relationship between the rounded corner radius R of the rounded corner segment 22 and the thickness of the trailing edge 11, so as to avoid the maximum thickness of the trailing edge 11 being too thick, and at the same time to avoid the wall thickness of the trailing edge end being too thin after the grinding process after casting, so that the rounded corner segment 22 can play a transitional role and effectively reduce the stress concentration problem of the trailing edge 11.

[0052] The wall thickness at the end of the tail edge 11 is L2-L1, and the wall thickness of the tail edge 11 gradually changes, which can further optimize the process performance of the casting tail edge grinding. The cooling structure with a split slit in the middle of the tail edge adopted in this embodiment of the invention can better avoid eccentricity and reduce stress concentration. The stress concentration can be reduced by about 20%, which also improves the casting process performance of the tail edge and reduces the workload of post-casting processes.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, at least part of the cooling hole 4 includes a middle section 41 and end corner sections 42, with the two end corner sections 42 respectively located at both ends of the middle section 41 in the extending direction of the trailing edge 11. Based on factors such as the wall thickness characteristics of the trailing edge 11, the width of the straight section 21, and the cooling performance of the blades, the structure and size of the cooling hole 4 need to be effectively designed. In this embodiment of the invention, at least part of the cooling hole 4 includes a middle section 41 and end corner sections 42, employing a segmented structural design to ensure airflow and cooling effect, while also avoiding stress concentration.

[0054] Specifically, the middle section 41 has a first surface 411 and a second surface 412 that are parallel and opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11, and the corner section 42 has a third surface 421 and a fourth surface 422 that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11. The third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 are arc surfaces. The third surface 421 and the first surface 411 are smoothly connected, and the fourth surface 422 and the second surface 412 are smoothly connected. The dimension of the corner section 42 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 gradually decreases from the end closer to the middle section 41 to the end farther away from the middle section 41.

[0055] Among them, the first surface 411 and the second surface 412 are planes, and a rectangular flow channel is formed between the first surface 411 and the second surface 412. The third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 are arc surfaces, and a gradient channel is formed between the third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422. The third surface 421 is tangent to the first surface 411, and the fourth surface 422 is tangent to the second surface 412. The tangency between the third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 makes the corner segment 42 and the middle segment 41 smoothly transition and connect, avoiding local stress concentration. Furthermore, the dimension of the corner segment 42 in the thickness direction of the tail edge 11 gradually decreases from the end closer to the middle segment 41 to the end farther away from the middle segment 41.

[0056] The middle section 41 facilitates the adjustment of the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling hole 4, and the corner section 42 facilitates the optimization of stress concentration at the corner of the cooling hole 4.

[0057] Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the multiple cooling holes 4 on the first section 31 of the trailing edge 11 is different, the length of the middle section 41 of the multiple cooling holes 4 on the first section 31 in the embodiment of the present invention is different in the extension direction of the trailing edge 11, the end corner sections 42 of the multiple cooling holes 4 have the same structure, and the dimensions of the multiple cooling holes 4 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 are the same.

[0058] The cooling holes 4 on the second section 32 can adopt a combination structure of middle section 41 and corner section 42. In this case, all cooling holes 4 adopt a combination structure of middle section 41 and corner section 42. The length of the middle section 41 of the cooling hole 4 can be adjusted according to different positions. For example, the size of the middle section 41 of the cooling hole 4 on the first section 31 gradually decreases along the direction from the first section 31 to the second section 32, and the size of the middle section 41 of the cooling hole 4 on the second section 32 is the same or can be adapted according to requirements.

[0059] Alternatively, the cooling hole 4 on the second section 32 may adopt other structural forms. For example, in some embodiments, the cooling hole 4 on the second section 32 includes two end corner segments 42. The two end corner segments 42 are open and opposite to each other in the extension direction of the trailing edge 11. The end corner segments 42 have a third surface 421 and a fourth surface 422 that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11. The third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 are arc surfaces. In the two end corner segments 42 of the same cooling hole 4 on the second section 32, the two third surfaces 421 are smoothly connected and the two fourth surfaces 422 are smoothly connected.

[0060] At this time, the cooling hole 4 on the second section 32 does not have an intermediate section 41. The two third surfaces 421 of the two end corner sections 42 of the cooling hole 4 on the second section 32 are tangent to each other, and the two fourth surfaces 422 of the two end corner sections 42 are tangent to each other, thus achieving a smooth transition.

[0061] Furthermore, the radii of curvature of the cross-sectional contours of the third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 gradually decrease from the end near the center of the cooling hole 4 to the end away from the center of the cooling hole 4. This makes the corner segment 42 a variable rounded corner structure. Compared with directly using a rounded corner with a radius of L1 / 2 for the corner segment 42, the embodiment of the present invention can reduce the stress concentration problem in this area.

[0062] For example, the radius of curvature of the third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422 gradually decreases from L4 to L1 / 2, and the smoothness between the end corner segment 42 and the middle segment 41 also facilitates the tangency between the third surface 421 and the fourth surface 422.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, furthermore, the dimension L4 of the end corner segment 42 in the extension direction of the trailing edge 11 and the dimension L1 of the cooling hole 4 in the thickness direction of the trailing edge 11 satisfy: 1.2≤L4 / (L1 / 2)≤1.8, and the RHO value of the cross-sectional profile of the end corner segment 42 is 0.4 to 0.8. By optimizing the cooling hole 4, the stress concentration problem at the splitting location can be greatly reduced. Compared with the intermediate splitting structure in related technologies, the stress concentration at the splitting location can be reduced by 15%-25%.

[0064] In some embodiments, the blade body 1 has a cooling channel, and a plurality of cooling holes 4 are connected to the cooling channel. The cooling channel of the blade body 1 extends along the length direction of the blade body 1.

[0065] In some embodiments, among the plurality of cooling holes 4, the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes 4 in the extending direction of the trailing edge 11 is the same and satisfies a first threshold. It should be understood that the spacing between adjacent cooling holes 4 (e.g., Figure 3 The H0 shown in the figure meets the design requirements for blade cooling and ensures the cooling performance of the blade.

[0066] The gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention includes blades 100 as described in any of the above embodiments. The beneficial effects of the gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention include at least the beneficial effects of the blades in the above embodiments, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0067] The gas turbine according to embodiments of the present invention includes blades as described in any of the foregoing embodiments and / or the gas turbine as described in the foregoing embodiments. The beneficial effects obtained by the gas turbine of the embodiments of the present invention include at least the beneficial effects obtained by the blades 100 or the gas turbine as described in the foregoing embodiments, and therefore will not be described again here.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0069] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0070] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0071] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0072] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0073] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blade, characterized in that, Includes a blade body, the blade body having a trailing edge portion that extends along the length direction of the blade body; In the thickness direction of the trailing edge, the trailing edge has a straight section and a rounded section, the straight section is located in the middle of the trailing edge, and the two rounded sections are located on both sides of the straight section; In the extending direction of the trailing edge, the trailing edge has a first section and a second section connected to each other. The first section is located close to the root of the blade body, and the cross-sectional size of the first section gradually decreases from the end close to the root of the blade body to the end away from the root of the blade body. The trailing edge has a plurality of cooling holes, which are provided on the straight section and spaced apart along the extension direction of the trailing edge. The cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of cooling holes located on the first section gradually decreases along the direction from the first section toward the second section. The size of the cooling hole in the thickness direction of the trailing edge The width dimension of the straight segment in the thickness direction of the trailing edge satisfy: < ; The radius R of the rounded corner segment and the thickness of the trailing edge Satisfy: 2R < ; At least a portion of the cooling hole includes a middle section and end corner sections, with the two end corner sections respectively located at both ends of the middle section in the extension direction of the trailing edge. The middle section has a first surface and a second surface that are parallel and opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge. The end corner section has a third surface and a fourth surface that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge. The third surface and the fourth surface are arc surfaces. The third surface and the first surface are smoothly connected. The fourth surface and the second surface are smoothly connected. The third surface and the fourth surface are also smoothly connected. The dimension of the end corner segment in the thickness direction of the trailing edge gradually decreases from the end closer to the middle segment to the end farther from the middle segment; The dimension of the end corner segment in the direction of extension of the trailing edge and the dimensions of the cooling holes in the thickness direction of the trailing edge. Satisfy: 1.2≤ / ( / 2)≤1.8; The RHO value of the cross-sectional profile of the end corner segment is 0.4 to 0.

8.

2. The blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling hole located on the second section includes two end corner sections, which are open and opposite to each other in the extension direction of the trailing edge. The end corner sections have a third surface and a fourth surface that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the trailing edge, and the third surface and the fourth surface are arc surfaces. In the two corner segments of the same cooling hole in the second section, the two third surfaces are smoothly connected, and the two fourth surfaces are smoothly connected.

3. The blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radii of curvature of the cross-sectional profiles of the third and fourth surfaces gradually decrease from the end near the center of the cooling hole to the end away from the center of the cooling hole.

4. The blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade body has a cooling channel, and a plurality of cooling holes are connected to the cooling channel; and / or In the plurality of cooling holes, the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes in the extension direction of the trailing edge is the same and satisfies a first threshold.

5. A gas turbine, characterized in that, Includes the blade as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A gas turbine, characterized in that, Includes blades as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 and / or a gas turbine as described in claim 5.

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