Use of n-oleoylethanolamine and n-palmitoylethanolamine in the preparation of feed additives for improving the reproductive performance of sows

Abstract

The application discloses a feed additive and a feed for improving the reproductive performance of sows, and the feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of sows comprises at least one of N-oleoyl ethanolamine and N-palmitoyl ethanolamine. The sows are fed with the feed additive, so that the birth weight of piglets can be increased, the weak piglet rate can be reduced, the healthy piglet rate can be increased, the lactation of sows can be increased, and the daily weight gain and survival rate of the suckling piglets can be increased, thereby the reproductive performance of the sows can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular relates to the application of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine in the preparation of feed additives to improve the reproductive performance of sows. Background Technology

[0002] Sows are the "engine" of a pig farm. The success or failure of a pig farm depends on the average number of weaned piglets and market pigs produced by each sow per year.

[0003] my country is the world's largest producer and consumer of pork products, but it is not a leading pig farming nation. The main factor affecting the reproductive efficiency of sows in my country is the survival rate of piglets. Reducing the rate of weak piglets and improving the growth performance of suckling piglets are key to improving piglet survival rates. However, how to reduce the rate of weak piglets and improve the survival rate of suckling piglets through nutritional means has always been a difficult problem for animal nutritionists and a current research hotspot. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a feed additive and feed to improve the reproductive performance of sows. Feeding sows with these additives can reduce the rate of weak piglets and increase the rate of healthy piglets, increase the milk production of sows and the daily weight gain of suckling piglets, and improve the survival rate of suckling piglets. In summary, it can improve the reproductive performance of sows.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of sows, including at least one of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine.

[0006] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine to N-palmitoylethanolamine is 1:(3-20).

[0007] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine to N-palmitoylethanolamine is 1:(5-10).

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a feed for improving the reproductive performance of sows, the feed comprising a basic feed and the feed additives of the first aspect.

[0009] In some embodiments, the feed includes 5-500 mg of feed additives per kilogram of total feed mass.

[0010] In some embodiments, the basic feed comprises, by weight percentage: corn 55.0%-65.0%, soybean meal 20.0%-28.0%, wheat bran 4.0%-7.0%, soybean oil 2.0%-4.0%, dicalcium phosphate 1.0%-2.0%, limestone powder 0.6%-1.2%, and premix 3.5%-4.2%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the premix comprises, by weight percentage: 7%-12% sodium chloride, 2%-4% 50% choline chloride, 2%-10% lysine, 1%-5% methionine, 1%-5% threonine, 1%-5% tryptophan, 1%-6% valine, 0.7%-1.3% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.4%-0.8% ferrous sulfate, 0.1%-0.3% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.2%-0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.1%-0.2% calcium iodate (containing 1% iodine), 0.05%-0.1% vitamin A, 0.5%-0.8% vitamin D, 0.2%-0.4% vitamin E, 0.005%-0.01% vitamin K, 0.01%-0.03% vitamin B1, 0.03%-0.05% vitamin B2, 0.01%-0.03% vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. 0.02%-0.04%, nicotinic acid 0.2%-0.4%, D-calcium pantothenate 0.06%-0.2%, biotin 0.005%-0.02%, the remainder being a carrier.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The feed additive provided in this application can increase the birth weight of piglets, reduce the rate of weak piglets and increase the rate of healthy piglets, increase the milk production of sows and the daily weight gain of suckling piglets, and improve the survival rate of suckling piglets. In summary, it can improve the reproductive performance and growth capacity of sows. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 The effect of supplementing sow diets with N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) according to embodiments of this application on the survival rate of suckling piglets is illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples of this application.

[0015] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the phrase "comprising..." The definition of a specific element does not preclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0016] In a first aspect, this application provides a feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of sows, including at least one of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine.

[0017] N-Oleoyl ethanolamide and N-palmitoyl ethanolamide are two endogenous lipid regulators belonging to a class of compounds known as fatty amides. They have various physiological functions in vivo, and studies have found that they can significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows, possibly through regulation of the immune and nervous systems.

[0018] Adding N-palmitoylethanolamine to the diets of sows during late gestation (90 days of gestation) and lactating sows can increase the birth weight of piglets, reduce the rate of weak piglets, and improve the daily weight gain and survival rate of lactating piglets, indicating that this feed additive can significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows.

[0019] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine to N-palmitoylethanolamine is 1:(3-20).

[0020] In the embodiments of this application, by controlling the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine within the above-mentioned range, that is, by maintaining the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine to N-palmitoylethanolamine at 1:(3-20), it is beneficial to comprehensively improve the reproductive performance of sows.

[0021] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine to N-palmitoylethanolamine is 1:(5-10).

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, by further controlling the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine within the above range (i.e., the mass ratio of N-oleoylethanolamine and the N-palmitoylethanolamine is 1:(5-10)), it is beneficial to significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides a feed for improving the reproductive performance of sows, the feed comprising a basic feed and the feed additives of the first aspect.

[0024] In the embodiments of this application, on the one hand, the sows are fed a basic feed, and on the other hand, feed additives, namely at least one of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine, are added. By adding N-palmitoylethanolamine to the diet of sows in late gestation (90 days of gestation) and lactating sows, the birth weight of piglets can be increased, the rate of weak piglets can be reduced, and the daily weight gain and survival rate of lactating piglets can be improved, indicating that the feed can also significantly improve the reproductive and growth performance of sows.

[0025] In some embodiments, the feed includes 5-500 mg of feed additives per kilogram of total feed mass.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, adding an appropriate amount of the above-mentioned feed additives to sow feeding can help adjust the nutritional composition of the feed, ensuring that sows obtain sufficient energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to meet their physiological needs; and these feed additives can improve the sow's production performance and reproductive performance as well as maintain their health.

[0027] In some embodiments, the basic feed comprises, by weight percentage: corn 55.0%-65.0%, soybean meal 20.0%-28.0%, wheat bran 4.0%-7.0%, soybean oil 2.0%-4.0%, dicalcium phosphate 1.0%-2.0%, limestone powder 0.6%-1.2%, and premix 3.5%-4.2%.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, the stone powder is composed of calcium carbonate and is mainly used for calcium supplementation.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, the premix includes commercially available additives of various amino acids and vitamins. Using the aforementioned basic feed can provide sows with a fundamental food supply and is also beneficial for improving their reproductive and growth performance.

[0030] In some embodiments, the premix comprises, by weight percentage: 7%-12% sodium chloride, 2%-4% 50% choline chloride, 2%-10% lysine, 1%-5% methionine, 1%-5% threonine, 1%-5% tryptophan, 1%-6% valine, 0.7%-1.3% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.4%-0.8% ferrous sulfate, 0.1%-0.3% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.2%-0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.1%-0.2% calcium iodate (containing 1% iodine), 0.05%-0.1% vitamin A, 0.5%-0.8% vitamin D, 0.2%-0.4% vitamin E, 0.005%-0.01% vitamin K, 0.01%-0.03% vitamin B1, 0.03%-0.05% vitamin B2, 0.01%-0.03% vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. 0.02%-0.04%, nicotinic acid 0.2%-0.4%, D-calcium pantothenate 0.06%-0.2%, biotin 0.005%-0.02%, the remainder being a carrier.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, the carrier can be some commonly used feed grains, such as cereals, including bran, corn flour, etc.

[0032] Example The embodiments described below provide a more detailed account of the disclosure of this application. These embodiments are merely illustrative, as various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following embodiments are based on weight, and all reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized using conventional methods and are ready for use without further processing. The instruments used in the embodiments are also commercially available.

[0033] The biological materials used in this application embodiment: Shaziling pig sows were obtained from Shimen Hantang Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine were obtained from Wuhan Lanabai Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd. and Yinfu Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., respectively.

[0034] Example 1 Thirty healthy second- to sixth-parity sows from Shaziling, aged 90 days of gestation, were randomly divided into three groups based on parity and body condition, with 10 replicates per group and one sow per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (Table 1), while the two experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different amounts of N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) by feed weight: Group 1 (30 mg / kg PEA) and Group 2 (300 mg / kg PEA). All treatment groups were fed the corresponding diets from 90 days of gestation until farrowing, with sows fed twice a day (approximately 1.9 kg in total), at 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM, during which time they had free access to water. During this period, sows followed the normal farm feeding procedures for restricted feeding, turnover, and immunization.

[0035] Table 1. Basic Diet Formulation Table .

[0036] The premix consists of the following components by mass percentage: 10% sodium chloride, 3% 50% choline chloride, 6% lysine, 3% methionine, 3% threonine, 1% tryptophan, 4% valine, 1% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.2% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3% manganese sulfate, 0.1% calcium iodate (containing 1% iodine), 0.07% vitamin A, 0.6% vitamin D, 0.3% vitamin E, 0.008% vitamin K, 0.02% vitamin B1, 0.04% vitamin B2, 0.02% vitamin B6, 0.03% vitamin B12, 0.3% niacin, 0.1% D-calcium pantothenate, 0.01% biotin, with the remainder being a carrier.

[0037] The feed intake of sows during gestation and the backfat thickness at 90 days of gestation and on the day of farrowing were recorded. The birth weight, litter weight, number of live piglets, number of healthy piglets, number of weak piglets (weight less than 600g), number of stillbirths, live rate, healthy piglet rate, weak piglet rate, and stillbirth rate of piglets were recorded.

[0038] Table 2. Effects of dietary supplementation with 30 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg PEA on reproductive performance of late-gestation sows in Shaziling. .

[0039] Understandably, in Table 2, a,b There was a significant difference in the letters on the right side of the numbers in the same row (P<0.05).

[0040] As shown in Table 2, the addition of 30 mg / kg PEA to the diet significantly increased the backfat difference from day 90 of gestation to the day of farrowing, and numerically increased the litter weight and average birth weight of piglets. The addition of 30 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg PEA to the diet significantly reduced the number and rate of weak piglets and improved the rate of healthy piglets.

[0041] Example 2 Thirty sows from Shaziling in their 2nd to 6th parities were randomly divided into three groups based on parity and body condition, with 10 replicates per group and one sow per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the two experimental groups were fed the basal diet (Table 1) with different amounts of N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) added to the feed: Group 1 (30 mg / kg PEA) and Group 2 (300 mg / kg PEA). All treatment groups were fed the corresponding diets from farrowing to the end of lactation (21 days). Sows were fed twice a day, at 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM, with free access to water during this period. The pens were cleaned twice a day to maintain hygiene.

[0042] The study investigated the feed intake and lactation performance of sows during gestation, as well as the growth performance of suckling piglets at 1-7 days, 8-14 days, and 15-21 days.

[0043] Table 3. Effects of dietary supplementation with 30 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg PEA on reproductive performance of lactating sows in Shaziling. .

[0044] Understandably, in Table 3, a,b There was a significant difference in the letters on the right side of the numbers in the same row (P<0.05).

[0045] Table 3 shows that adding 30 mg / kg PEA to the diet of lactating sows significantly increased the average weight of piglets at 7 days, as well as litter weight gain, average daily weight gain (ADG), and sow milk production from 0 to 7 days. Adding 30 mg / kg PEA to the diet of lactating sows also significantly increased litter weight and average weight of piglets at 14 days, as well as litter weight gain, average daily weight gain (ADG), and sow milk production from 8 to 14 days. Furthermore, adding 30 mg / kg PEA to the diet of lactating sows significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), litter weight and average weight of piglets at 21 days, and average daily weight gain (ADG) of piglets at 15 to 21 days, and showed a trend towards increasing sow milk production from 15 to 21 days.

[0046] Example 3 Thirty sows from Shaziling in their 2nd to 6th parities were randomly divided into three groups based on parity and body condition, with 10 replicates per group and one sow per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the two experimental groups were fed the basal diet (Table 1) with different amounts of N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) added to the feed: Group 1 (30 mg / kg PEA) and Group 2 (300 mg / kg PEA). All treatment groups were fed the corresponding diets from day 90 of gestation to the end of lactation (day 21). Piglets in all treatment groups were fostered within their respective groups to adjust the number of piglets per sow. Sows were fed twice a day, at 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM, and had free access to water during the experiment.

[0047] The number of live piglets and the number of weaned piglets produced by sows in each group were counted, and the survival rate of piglets during the lactation period was calculated.

[0048] The results are as follows Figure 1 ,from Figure 1 It can be seen that adding 300 mg / kg PEA to the sow's diet significantly increased the survival rate of suckling piglets, and adding 30 mg / kg PEA showed a trend of increasing the survival rate of suckling piglets.

[0049] Example 4 Forty sows of parity 3-4 (Large White × Large White) were randomly divided into four groups based on parity and body condition, with ten replicates per group and one sow per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (Table 1). The three experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with N-palmitoylethanolamine (25 mg / kg PEA; PEA group), N-oleoylethanolamine (5 mg / kg OEA; OEA group), and a mixture of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine (25 mg / kg PEA + 5 mg / kg OEA; PEA + OEA group), respectively. All treatment groups were fed the corresponding diets from day 3 after farrowing until the end of lactation (24 days). Sows were fed twice a day, at 7:00 AM and 4:00 PM, with free access to water during this period. The pens were cleaned twice a day to maintain hygiene.

[0050] Table 4. Effects of dietary supplementation with PEA and OEA on reproductive performance of Landrace × Large White crossbred lactating sows .

[0051] Understandably, in Table 4, a,b,c The difference in the right subscript letter of the numbers in the same row was considered significant (P<0.05).

[0052] Table 4 shows that adding 25 mg / kg PEA + 5 mg / kg OEA to the diet of lactating sows significantly increased the average litter weight gain, average daily weight gain, 24-day litter weight, and average piglet weight. Adding 25 mg / kg PEA to the diet significantly increased the average daily weight gain and 24-day average piglet weight, and also numerically increased the average litter weight gain and 24-day litter weight. Adding 5 mg / kg OEA to the diet numerically increased the average litter weight gain, average daily weight gain, 24-day litter weight, and average piglet weight, but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared to the PEA and OEA groups, the PEA+OEA group showed numerical increases in average litter weight gain, average daily weight gain, 24-day litter weight, and average piglet weight, with the PEA+OEA group showing significantly greater average daily weight gain and 24-day average piglet weight than the OEA group.

[0053] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. The application of N-oleoylethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine in the preparation of feed additives to improve the reproductive performance of sows, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of each kilogram of feed, the feed comprises 5 mg N-oleoylethanolamine and 25 mg N-palmitoylethanolamine; the improvement of sow reproductive performance includes reducing the rate of weak piglets, increasing the rate of healthy piglets, increasing the milk production of sows and the daily weight gain of suckling piglets, and improving the survival rate of suckling piglets.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed includes a basic feed and the feed additives as described in claim 1.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, The basic feed, by weight percentage, includes: corn 55.0%-65.0%, soybean meal 20.0%-28.0%, wheat bran 4.0%-7.0%, soybean oil 2.0%-4.0%, dicalcium phosphate 1.0%-2.0%, limestone powder 0.6%-1.2%, and premix 3.5%-4.2%.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The premixed material, by weight percentage, comprises: sodium chloride 7%-12%, 50% choline chloride 2%-4%, lysine 2%-10%, methionine 1%-5%, threonine 1%-5%, tryptophan 1%-5%, valine 1%-6%, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.7%-1.3%, ferrous sulfate 0.4%-0.8%, zinc sulfate monohydrate 0.1%-0.3%, manganese sulfate 0.2%-0.5%, calcium iodate containing 1% iodine 0.1%-0.2%, vitamin A 0.05%-0.1%, vitamin D 0.5%-0.8%, vitamin E 0.2%-0.4%, vitamin K 0.005%-0.01%, vitamin B1 0.01%-0.03%, vitamin B2 0.03%-0.05%, vitamin B6 0.01%-0.03%, and vitamin B12. 0.02%-0.04%, nicotinic acid 0.2%-0.4%, D-calcium pantothenate 0.06%-0.2%, biotin 0.005%-0.02%, the remainder being a carrier.

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