Cryogenic electrically coupled material processing apparatus and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electric coupling processing of materials, in particular to a deep cooling electric coupling material processing device and a processing method. The application can effectively avoid cracking of the material to be processed caused by extremely rapid temperature reduction by filling the processing cavity with cold sources of different temperatures to perform step-by-step refrigeration on the workpiece to be processed. Moreover, the deep cooling state of multiple different temperatures realized by the application can be matched with pulse current to realize multiple coupling states, multiple regulation and control of deep cooling electric coupling modification of the material to be processed can be realized, and the requirement of electric field coupling processing of the material under different deep cooling temperatures can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrocoupling processing technology for materials, and specifically to a cryogenic electrocoupling material processing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Cryogenic treatment and electrochemical treatment of materials involve placing metallic materials or mechanical parts in a cryogenic or electric field environment. After a period of time under the influence of ultra-deep cryogenic treatment or electric field, the microstructure, micro-defects, and residual stress in the material are altered, thereby improving the material's properties. This method is commonly used to process industrial tools, such as metal cutting tools, PCB board drill bits, and structural components made of titanium alloys and zirconium alloys.

[0003] However, existing material processing devices only have a single cryogenic treatment device or a single electrical treatment device. There is no device that can simultaneously perform cryogenic and electric field coupling treatment of metallic materials or mechanical parts, and it cannot meet the need for electric field coupling treatment of materials at different cryogenic temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a cryogenic electrocoupling material processing device and method, the purpose of which is to achieve electric field coupling processing of the material to be processed at different temperatures.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A cryogenic electrocoupling material processing device is provided, comprising: an electro-processing fixture installed in a processing chamber for holding the material to be processed and providing a pulsed current to the material; a cold source including several liquid gases with different melting and boiling points for cooling; a vaporization mechanism for reducing the pressure of the cold source and heating it to vaporize; a first channel connecting the cold source and the processing chamber, with the vaporization mechanism installed on the first channel for conveying gaseous cold source into the processing chamber; a second channel connecting the cold source and the processing chamber for conveying liquid cold source into the processing chamber; and a channel control mechanism for controlling the connection between the first channel and the second channel and the cold source.

[0007] Furthermore, the cold source includes at least liquid nitrogen and liquid helium.

[0008] Furthermore, the gasification mechanism includes: a pressure-reducing groove, which is located on the main body of the device and communicates with the first channel; a piston, which is slidably installed in the pressure-reducing groove, and the wall surface of the pressure-reducing groove and the end face of the piston form a closed cavity through which a cold source passes; the piston can increase / decrease the volume of the closed cavity by sliding along the length direction of the pressure-reducing groove, thereby decreasing / increasing the pressure in the closed cavity; a first medium pipeline, which supplies the flow of the cold source and connects the closed cavity and the processing cavity; and a heating pipeline, which is sleeved outside the first medium pipeline, and a heating medium for heating the cold source is filled between the first medium pipeline and the heating pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure-reducing groove is arc-shaped, and a first hinge shaft is provided on the piston. The first hinge shaft is fixedly installed on the main body of the device and is located at the center of the pressure-reducing groove. The vaporization mechanism also includes: a first mounting body, fixedly installed on the main body of the device; a first through groove, formed on the first mounting body; a rotating block, hingedly installed on the first hinge shaft and fixedly connected to the piston; a rocker arm, movably installed in the rotating block, one end of the rocker arm passing through the first through groove and extending outward; the rocker arm can swing along the width direction of the first through groove to lock / release the rotating block; the rocker arm can also swing along the length direction of the first through groove to drive the piston to rotate around the first hinge shaft, thereby changing the volume of the closed cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, along the length of the first through groove, an anti-slip pad for limiting the movement of the swing arm is installed on one of the side walls of the first through groove, and a torsion spring for driving the swing arm to contact the anti-slip pad is also installed on the swing arm.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrical treatment fixture includes: a frame, fixedly installed in the treatment chamber, with two third hinge shafts on the frame; two clamping blocks, each hinged to one of the two third hinge shafts; a first connecting rod and a drive connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod fixedly installed on the clamping block and the other end hinged to the drive connecting rod; a first drive assembly, used to drive the drive connecting rod to perform linear reciprocating motion along its length, thereby driving the two clamping blocks to rotate towards / away from each other around the third hinge shafts to clamp / release the material to be treated; electrode chucks, electrically connected to a power source, with several electrode chucks respectively installed on the two clamping blocks; a contact switch is provided between one of the clamping blocks and the electrode chucks; and an elastic body is installed between the contact switch and the clamping block.

[0012] Furthermore, the channel control mechanism includes: a first baffle, hingedly mounted on a fourth hinge shaft, used to block the first channel and the second channel; a second mounting body, fixedly mounted above the baffle, with a second through slot on the second mounting body; a hollow rod, one end fixedly connected to the first baffle, the other end passing through the second through slot and extending outward; swinging the hollow rod along the length of the second through slot can drive the first baffle to rotate around the fourth hinge shaft, thereby connecting the cold source with the first / second channel; a positioning hole, formed on the hollow rod; several positioning steel balls, embedded in the side wall of the second through slot along the movement path of the positioning hole; a first support spring, mounted on the side of the positioning steel balls away from the hollow rod, used to support the positioning steel balls entering the positioning hole; a pressing rod, slidably mounted inside the hollow rod, with a stepped portion on the pressing rod for pushing the positioning steel balls out of the positioning hole; and a second support spring, mounted on one end of the pressing rod, used to support the stepped portion away from the positioning steel balls.

[0013] Furthermore, the device also includes a flow control mechanism; the flow control mechanism includes: a functional plate with a groove communicating with the second channel; a turntable mounted on one side of the groove, with a plurality of first through holes communicating with the groove arranged in a circumferential array along the first circumferential line on the partition plate; a second baffle rotatably mounted on the side of the turntable away from the functional plate, with a plurality of second through holes also arranged in a circumferential array along the first circumferential line on the second baffle plate; and a second drive assembly for driving the turntable to rotate, overlapping the first through holes and the second through holes by different areas, thereby changing the flow rate of the liquid cold source entering the processing chamber.

[0014] A method for processing cryogenically coupled materials includes the following steps: S1, clamping the material to be processed using an electrical processing fixture and placing it into a processing chamber; S2, sequentially filling the processing chamber with cold sources of different temperatures in descending order of temperature, performing stepwise cooling within the processing chamber; S3, in S2, after each filling with a cold source of a specific temperature, providing a pulsed current to the material to be processed through the electrical processing fixture to perform pulse coupling processing on the material.

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, the order in which the cold source is injected into the processing chamber is: first nitrogen, then liquid nitrogen, then helium, and finally liquid helium.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by using this invention, cold sources of different temperatures can be injected into the processing chamber to perform step-by-step cooling of the workpiece to be processed, effectively avoiding a rapid drop in temperature that could lead to excessive temperature difference and cracking of the material to be processed; moreover, the various cryogenic states that this invention can achieve can be combined with pulse current to achieve various coupling states of the material to be processed, enabling multiple controls for cryogenic electrocoupling modification of the material to be processed, and meeting the needs for electric field coupling treatment of materials at different cryogenic temperatures. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall processing device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the gasification mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the gasification mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is an installation cross-sectional view of the first medium pipeline and the heating pipeline provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical processing fixture provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged diagram of point A.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a front view of the installation of the channel control mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is an installation side view of the channel control mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the flow control mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a front view of the function board provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a front view of the turntable provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a front view of the second baffle provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 A performance table of some materials after cryogenic electrocoupling treatment is provided for Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1. Electrical treatment fixture; 11. Frame; 111. Third hinge shaft; 12. Clamping block; 13. First connecting rod; 14. Drive connecting rod; 141. Toothed rack; 15. Electrode chuck; 16. First drive motor; 17. Contact switch; 18. Elastomer; 2. Gasification mechanism; 21. Torsion spring; 22. Enclosed cavity; 221. Recovery cavity; 231. First medium pipeline; 241. Heating pipeline; 242. Cooling pipeline; 25. First mounting body; 26. First through slot; 27. Rotating block; 28. Swing rod; 29. ​​Anti-slip pad; 291. First hinge shaft; 292. Piston; 3. Channel control mechanism; 3 1. First baffle; 311. Fourth hinge shaft; 32. Second mounting body; 321. Second through groove; 33. Hollow rod; 331. Positioning hole; 34. Positioning steel ball; 35. First support spring; 36. Pressing rod; 361. Stepped part; 37. Second support spring; 4. Flow control mechanism; 41. Functional plate; 411. Groove; 42. Turntable; 421. First through hole; 43. Second baffle; 431. Second through hole; 44. Driven gear; 45. Drive gear; 46. Second drive motor; 5. Processing cavity; 61. First channel; 62. Second channel; 63. Third channel; 7. Main body of the device. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a cryogenic electrocoupling material processing device, including: an electro-processing clamp 1, installed in a processing chamber 5, for clamping the material to be processed and providing a pulsed current to the material; a cold source, including: several liquid gases with different melting and boiling points, for cooling; a vaporization mechanism 2, for reducing the pressure of the cold source and heating it to vaporize; a first channel 61, connecting the cold source and the processing chamber 5, and the vaporization mechanism 2 is installed on the first channel 61 for conveying gaseous cold source into the processing chamber 5; a second channel 62, connecting the cold source and the processing chamber 5, for conveying liquid cold source into the processing chamber 5; and a channel control mechanism 3 for controlling the connection between the first channel 61 / second channel 62 and the cold source.

[0034] Specifically, the cold source includes at least liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. It is readily known that liquid helium has a melting point of -272.2℃ and a boiling point of -268.785℃, while liquid nitrogen has a melting point of -210℃ and a boiling point of -196℃. In practical use, the material to be treated is clamped in the treatment chamber 5 by the electrical treatment fixture 1 and a pulsed current is supplied to it. Then, nitrogen, liquid nitrogen, helium, and liquid helium are sequentially introduced into the treatment chamber 5, from high to low temperature. Of course, this invention includes a vaporization mechanism 2, which can convert liquid nitrogen and liquid helium into gaseous states respectively, thereby providing cold sources at different temperatures and injecting them into the treatment chamber 5. This creates multiple cryogenic environments at different temperatures within the treatment chamber 5, meeting the requirements for pulse-coupled treatment of the material to be treated at different temperatures.

[0035] By using this invention, cold sources of different temperatures can be injected sequentially into the processing chamber 5 from high to low temperature to perform stepped cooling on the workpiece to be processed, effectively avoiding cracking of the material to be processed due to rapid temperature drop and large temperature difference; and the various deep cryogenic states achieved by this invention can be combined with pulse current to achieve various coupling states, enabling multiple controls for deep cryogenic electric coupling modification of the material to be processed, and meeting the needs of electric field coupling treatment of materials at different deep cryogenic temperatures.

[0036] It is easy to understand that liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are stored in tanks and connected to the first channel 61 and the second channel 62 via pipelines.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vaporization mechanism 2 includes: a pressure-reducing groove, which is opened on the main body 7 and communicates with the first channel 61; a piston 292, which is slidably installed in the pressure-reducing groove, and the wall surface of the pressure-reducing groove and the end face of the piston 292 form a closed cavity 22 through which the cold source passes; the piston 292 can increase / decrease the volume of the closed cavity 22 by sliding along the length direction of the pressure-reducing groove, thereby decreasing / increasing the pressure in the closed cavity 22; a first medium pipe 231, which supplies the flow of the cold source and connects the closed cavity 22 and the processing cavity 5; and a heating pipe 241, which is sleeved outside the first medium pipe 231, and a heating medium for heating the cold source is filled between the first medium pipe 231 and the heating pipe 241.

[0038] Furthermore, the pressure-reducing groove is arc-shaped, and a first hinge shaft 291 is provided on the piston 292. The first hinge shaft 291 is fixedly installed on the device body 7 and is located at the center of the pressure-reducing groove. The vaporization mechanism 2 also includes: a first mounting body 25, fixedly installed on the device body 7; a first through groove 26, opened on the first mounting body 25; a rotating block 27, hingedly installed on the first hinge shaft 291 and fixedly connected to the piston 292; a rocker arm 28, movably installed in the rotating block 27, one end of the rocker arm 28 passing through the first through groove 26 and extending outward; the rocker arm 28 can swing along the width direction of the first through groove 26 to lock / release the rotating block 27; the rocker arm 28 can also swing along the length direction of the first through groove 26 to drive the piston 292 to rotate around the first hinge shaft 291, thereby changing the volume of the closed cavity 22.

[0039] Furthermore, along the length of the first through groove 26, an anti-slip pad 29 for limiting the movement of the swing arm 28 is installed on one of the side walls of the first through groove 26, and a torsion spring 21 for driving the swing arm 28 and the anti-slip pad 29 into contact is also installed on the swing arm 28.

[0040] In practical use, firstly, move the swing arm 28 away from the anti-slip sticker 29 along the width direction of the first through groove 26 to release the limitation of the swing arm 28; then, shake the swing arm 28 along the width direction of the first through groove 26 to increase the volume of the closed cavity 22, thereby reducing the pressure in the first channel 61; then release the swing arm 28, and under the action of the torsion spring 21, the swing arm 28 returns to its original position along the width direction of the first through groove 26, and the swing arm 28 adheres to the anti-slip sticker 29, thus restoring the limitation of the swing arm 28 and preventing the swing arm 28 from rotating. At this time, the pressure in the closed cavity 22 is stable at a certain value.

[0041] Understandably, taking liquid nitrogen as an example, the liquid nitrogen flows through the first channel 61 into the closed cavity 22, where the pressure on the liquid nitrogen decreases. As it continues to be transported, it passes through the first medium pipe 231 and through the heating medium (such as liquid water or gaseous water at a certain temperature). The heating medium raises the temperature of the liquid nitrogen in the first medium pipe 231, thus completing the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen. Similarly, the vaporization process of liquid helium can be obtained, which will not be elaborated here.

[0042] In this invention, a vaporization mechanism 2 is provided, and a closed cavity 22 is provided in the vaporization mechanism 2. The volume of the closed cavity 22 is variable, which can realize various pressure changes and meet the pressure reduction requirements of various different liquid gases. A first medium pipeline 231 and a heating medium are also provided, which can heat up the liquid gas after pressure reduction. The vaporization mechanism 2 can quickly and effectively realize the vaporization of various different liquid gases, which facilitates the rapid switching of cold sources with different temperatures to the processing cavity 5, and realizes temperature control changes in the closed cavity 22.

[0043] It is understood that one end of the piston 292 forms a closed cavity 22 with the wall of the pressure reducing groove, and the other end forms a recovery cavity 221 with the wall of the pressure reducing groove. A third channel 63 is provided on the main body 7 to connect the recovery cavity 221 and the processing cavity 5. The cold source that has completed the refrigeration work is refluxed through the third channel 63. The volume of the recovery cavity 221 can be reduced by swinging the swing rod 28, thereby increasing the pressure. A second medium pipe is also provided to supply the cold source and connect the recovery cavity 221 and the processing cavity 5. A cooling pipe 242 is sleeved outside the second medium pipe, and a cooling medium (liquid nitrogen or refrigerant R134a can be selected) for cooling the cold source is filled between the second medium pipe and the cooling pipe 242.

[0044] The cold source that has completed the refrigeration process flows back through the second medium pipeline, is cooled by the cooling pipeline 242, and then the pressure is increased by the recovery chamber 221. This process cools and pressurizes the cold source, converting it back into a gaseous state and sending it back into the tank. In this invention, the cold source that has completed the refrigeration process can be converted back into a gaseous state and recovered, reducing the waste of the cold source and enabling its reuse, thus effectively reducing the cost of cryogenic electrical coupling.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the electrical treatment fixture 1 includes: a frame 11, fixedly installed in the treatment chamber 5, with two third hinge shafts 111 on the frame 11; two clamping blocks 12, each hinged to one of the two third hinge shafts 111; a first connecting rod 13 and a drive connecting rod 14, one end of the first connecting rod 13 being fixedly installed on the clamping block 12 and the other end being hinged to the drive connecting rod 14; a first drive assembly, used to drive the drive connecting rod 14 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the length direction, thereby driving the two clamping blocks 12 to rotate towards / away from each other around the third hinge shafts 111 to clamp / release the material to be treated; electrode chucks 15, electrically connected to a power source, with several electrode chucks 15 respectively installed on the two clamping blocks 12; a contact switch 17 is provided between one of the clamping blocks 12 and the electrode chuck 15; and an elastic body 18 is installed between the contact switch 17 and the clamping block 12.

[0046] It is understandable that the electrode clamps 15 on the same clamp 12 are connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the electrode clamps 15 on the other clamp 12 are connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0047] It is easy to understand that, through the setting of contact switch 17 and elastomer 18 (which can be made of rubber), when the clamping block 12 clamps the material to be processed, the elastomer 18 can deform according to the different shapes of the different materials to be processed. Through the setting of the electrical processing fixture 1, the clamping requirements of irregular materials can be met, and the applicability of this device can be improved.

[0048] The first drive assembly includes: a first drive motor 16 fixedly mounted on the frame 11; a drive gear mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor 16; and a toothed strip 141 meshing with the drive gear on the drive connecting rod 14. The drive connecting rod 14 can be driven to reciprocate linearly along its length by the forward and reverse rotation of the first drive motor 16. A through hole is provided on the frame 11 for the drive connecting rod 14 to slide.

[0049] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the channel control mechanism 3 includes: a first baffle 31, hingedly mounted on a fourth hinge shaft 311, used to block the first channel 61 and the second channel 62; a second mounting body 32, fixedly mounted above the first baffle 31, with a second through groove 321 formed on the second mounting body 32; a hollow rod 33, one end fixedly connected to the first baffle 31, the other end passing through the second through groove 321 and extending outward; swinging the hollow rod 33 along the length direction of the second through groove 321 can drive the first baffle 31 to rotate around the fourth hinge shaft 311, thereby connecting the cold source with the first channel 61 / second channel 62; and a fixed... A positioning hole 331 is formed on the hollow rod 33; several positioning steel balls 34 are embedded in the side wall of the second through groove 321 along the movement path of the positioning hole 331; a first support spring 35 is installed on the side of the positioning steel balls 34 away from the hollow rod 33 to support the positioning steel balls 34 into the positioning hole 331; a pressing rod 36 is slidably installed in the hollow rod 33, and a step portion 361 is also provided on the pressing rod 36 to push the positioning steel balls 34 out of the positioning hole 331; a second support spring 37 is installed at one end of the pressing rod 36 to support the step portion 361 away from the positioning steel balls 34.

[0050] Specifically, the second support spring 37 is installed below the positioning steel ball 34. By pressing down the pressing rod 36, the step part 361 is driven to push the positioning steel ball 34 out of the positioning hole 331, releasing the limiting state of the hollow rod 33. By shaking the hollow rod 33 along the length direction of the second through groove 321, the first baffle 31 can be driven to rotate along the fourth hinge axis 311.

[0051] In this embodiment, along the movement path of the positioning hole 331, the positioning steel balls 34 embedded in the side wall of the second through groove 321 are respectively the first steel ball and the second steel ball installed corresponding to the first channel 61 and the second channel 62; when the first steel ball enters the positioning hole 331, the first channel 61 is connected to the cold source; when the second steel ball enters the positioning hole, the second channel 62 is connected to the cold source; by providing the channel control mechanism 3, the connection between the cold source and the first channel 61 / second channel 62 can be quickly switched, and liquid energy or gaseous cold source can be quickly input into the processing cavity 5.

[0052] Of course, in this embodiment, a tank for storing liquid nitrogen and liquid helium is also included, and the tank is connected to the first channel 61 and the second channel 62 through a pipe.

[0053] Reference Figures 9-12 As shown, the device also includes a flow control mechanism 4; the flow control mechanism 4 includes: a functional plate 41, on which a groove 411 communicating with the second channel 62 is formed; a turntable 42, installed on one side of the groove 411, on which a plurality of first through holes 421 communicating with the groove 411 are formed in a circumferential array along the first circumferential line; a second baffle 43, rotatably installed on the side of the turntable 42 away from the functional plate 41, on which a plurality of second through holes 431 are also formed in a circumferential array along the first circumferential line; and a second drive assembly, used to drive the turntable 42 to rotate, overlapping the first through holes 421 and the second through holes 431 by different areas, thereby changing the flow rate of the liquid cold source in the processing chamber 5.

[0054] It is understood that the second drive assembly includes: a driven gear 44, a driving gear 45, and a second drive motor 46. The driven gear 44 is fixedly connected to the turntable 42, and the driving gear 45 is fixedly installed on the output end of the second drive motor 46, and the driving gear 45 and the driven gear 44 are meshed together.

[0055] It is worth mentioning that a temperature probe is installed in the processing chamber 5. The temperature probe converts the temperature information into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the control terminal in real time. The control terminal controls the second drive motor 46 to rotate, which drives the turntable 42 to rotate. The first through hole 421 and the second through hole 431 overlap by different areas, thereby changing the flow rate of the liquid cold source into the processing chamber 5. The liquid cold source input into the processing chamber 5 is controlled in real time to ensure the temperature stability in the processing chamber 5 and improve the quality of the cryogenic electrocoupling treatment of the material to be treated.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for processing cryogenically coupled materials, including the following steps: S1, clamping the material to be processed using an electrical processing fixture 1 and placing it into a processing chamber 5; S2, sequentially filling the processing chamber 5 with cold sources of different temperatures in descending order of temperature, and performing stepped cooling within the processing chamber 5; S3. In S2, after each filling with a cold source of a determined temperature, providing a pulse current to the material to be processed through the electrical processing fixture 1 to perform pulse coupling processing on the material to be processed.

[0058] In S3, the order in which the cold source is injected into the processing chamber 5 is: first nitrogen, then liquid nitrogen, then helium, and finally liquid helium to process the processing chamber 5.

[0059] Reference Figure 13 As shown, taking carbide turning tools, carbide drill bits, and TiAlN coated tools as examples, cold sources of different temperatures are introduced into the processing chamber 5 to perform stepped cooling on the workpiece. This not only allows for stepped cooling of the processing chamber 5, effectively preventing rapid temperature drops and large temperature differences that could cause cracking of the material, but also enables various coupling states with pulsed currents in the various cryogenic states achieved by this invention. This allows for multiple controls of cryogenic electric coupling modification of the material, meeting the needs for electric field coupling treatment of materials at different cryogenic temperatures and effectively extending the service life of the materials.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will understand that although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Thus, if these modifications and modifications of the invention fall within the scope of the machine equivalents of the claims, the invention also intends to include these modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A cryogenic electrocoupling material processing device, characterized in that, include: An electrical treatment fixture (1) is installed in the treatment cavity (5) to hold the material to be treated and to provide pulse current to the material to be treated; Cold source, including: several different liquid gases with different melting and boiling points, used for refrigeration; The vaporization mechanism (2) is used to reduce the pressure of the cold source and heat it to vaporize it; The first channel (61) connects the cold source and the processing chamber (5), and the vaporization mechanism (2) is installed on the first channel (61) to deliver the gaseous cold source into the processing chamber (5); The second channel (62) connects the cold source and the processing chamber (5) and is used to deliver liquid cold source into the processing chamber (5); The channel control mechanism (3) is used to control the connection between the first channel (61) and the second channel (62) and the cold source; The cold source includes at least: liquid nitrogen and liquid helium; The gasification mechanism (2) includes: A pressure relief groove is provided on the main body of the device (7) and is connected to the first channel (61); The piston (292) is slidably installed in the pressure relief groove, and the wall of the pressure relief groove and the end face of the piston (292) form a closed cavity (22) through which the cold source passes. The piston (292) can slide along the length of the pressure relief groove to increase / decrease the volume of the closed cavity (22), thereby decreasing / increasing the pressure in the closed cavity (22); The first medium pipeline (231) supplies cold source flow and connects the closed cavity (22) and the processing cavity (5); Heating pipe (241) is sleeved outside the first medium pipe (231), and heating medium for heating cold source is filled between the first medium pipe (231) and heating pipe (241); pressure reducing groove is arc-shaped, and first hinge shaft (291) is provided on piston (292). The first hinge shaft (291) is fixedly installed on the main body of device (7) and is located at the center of pressure reducing groove; The gasification mechanism (2) also includes: a first mounting body (25), which is fixedly mounted on the main body (7) of the device; The first through slot (26) is formed on the first mounting body (25); The rotating block (27) is hingedly mounted on the first hinge shaft (291) and fixedly connected to the piston (292); A swing arm (28) is movably installed in a rotating block (27), with one end of the swing arm (28) passing through the first through slot (26) and extending outward; The lever (28) can swing along the width of the first through groove (26) to lock / unlock the rotating block (27); the lever (28) can also swing along the length of the first through groove (26) to drive the piston (292) to rotate around the first hinge axis (291) to change the volume of the closed cavity (22).

2. The cryogenic electrocoupling material processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the length of the first through groove (26), an anti-slip sticker (29) for limiting the movement of the swing arm (28) is installed on one of the side walls of the first through groove (26), and a torsion spring (21) for driving the swing arm (28) and the anti-slip sticker (29) into contact is also installed on the swing arm (28).

3. The cryogenic electrocoupling material processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical treatment fixture (1) includes: The frame (11) is fixedly installed in the processing cavity (5), and two third hinge shafts (111) are provided on the frame (11); Clamping blocks (12), the two clamping blocks (12) are respectively hinged to two third hinge shafts (111); The first link (13) and the drive link (14) are connected in a manner. One end of the first link (13) is fixedly mounted on the clamp (12), and the other end is hinged to the drive link (14). The first drive assembly is used to drive the drive link (14) to make linear reciprocating motion along the length direction, thereby driving the two clamping blocks (12) to rotate towards / away from each other around the third hinge axis (111) to clamp / release the material to be processed. Electrode chucks (15) are electrically connected to a power source. Several electrode chucks (15) are installed on two clamping blocks (12). A contact switch (17) is provided between one of the clamping blocks (12) and the electrode chucks (15). An elastic body (18) is installed between the contact switch (17) and the clamping block (12).

4. The cryogenic electrocoupling material processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The channel control mechanism (3) includes: The first baffle (31) is hinged to the fourth hinge shaft (311) and is used to block the first channel (61) and the second channel (62); The second mounting body (32) is fixedly installed above the first baffle (31), and a second through groove (321) is provided on the second mounting body (32); A hollow rod (33) has one end fixedly connected to the first baffle (31) and the other end passes through the second through groove (321) and extends outward; The hollow rod (33) can be swung along the length of the second through slot (321) to drive the first baffle (31) to rotate around the fourth hinge axis (311), thereby connecting the cold source with the first channel (61) / second channel (62); A positioning hole (331) is provided on the hollow rod (33); Several positioning steel balls (34) are embedded in the side wall of the second through slot (321) along the movement path of the positioning hole (331); The first support spring (35) is installed on the side of the positioning steel ball (34) away from the hollow rod (33) to support the positioning steel ball (34) as it enters the positioning hole (331); The pressing rod (36) is slidably installed inside the hollow rod (33), and the pressing rod (36) is also provided with a stepped part (361) for pushing the positioning steel ball (34) out of the positioning hole (331); The second support spring (37) is installed at one end of the pressing rod (36) to support the stepped part (361) away from the positioning steel ball (34).

5. The cryogenic electrocoupling material processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a flow control mechanism (4); The flow control mechanism (4) includes: Functional board (41), on which a groove (411) is provided to connect to the second channel (62); A turntable (42) is installed on one side of a groove (411), and a plurality of first through holes (421) communicating with the groove (411) are arranged in a circumferential array along the first circumferential line on the partition plate; The second baffle (43) is rotatably mounted on the side of the turntable (42) away from the functional plate (41). Several second through holes (431) are also arranged in a circumferential array along the first circumference on the second baffle (43). The second drive assembly is used to drive the turntable (42) to rotate, overlapping the first through hole (421) and the second through hole (431) by different areas, thereby changing the flow rate of the liquid cold source in the processing chamber (5).

6. A method for processing cryogenic electrocoupling materials, employing the cryogenic electrocoupling material processing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the material to be processed is clamped by the electrical processing fixture (1) and placed into the processing cavity (5); S2, In the processing chamber (5), cold sources of different temperatures are sequentially introduced into the processing chamber (5) in order of cold source temperature from high to low, and step cooling is carried out in the processing chamber (5). S3. In S2, after each charge of a cold source at a defined temperature, a pulse current is supplied to the material to be processed via an electrical processing fixture (1) to perform pulse coupling processing on the material to be processed.

7. The method for processing cryogenically coupled materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S3, the order in which cold sources are injected into the processing chamber (5) is: first nitrogen, then liquid nitrogen, then helium, and finally liquid helium.

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