Intelligent tower type pumping unit

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent tower type oil pumping machine, which comprises a tower, a platform, a transmission mechanism, a balancing device, a slow descending device, a guide mechanism and a control mechanism; the tower is fixed on the ground, the platform is arranged on the top of the tower, the transmission mechanism is fixed on the platform, and one end of the guide mechanism is connected with the platform shaft; one end of the balancing device is connected with a transmission belt, the transmission belt passes through the transmission mechanism and the guide mechanism respectively, and the other end of the transmission belt is connected with a rope hanger; the other end of the guide mechanism is arranged above a well mouth, when the guide mechanism is connected with the transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is used for driving the other end of the guide mechanism to move away from the well mouth; the tower is internally provided with a vertical guide rail, one end of the slow descending device is connected with the balancing device, and the other end of the slow descending device is in contact with the guide rail. The problems that the previous oil pumping machine needs to be moved or the guide arm needs to be extended to make room, the workload is large, and there are safety hazards; and the counterweight slow descending device is slowed down through friction or a stop block, and the slow descending effect is not good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tower-type pumping unit technology, specifically an intelligent tower-type pumping unit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the power transmission system of tower-type pumping units uses a motor, reduction gear, and drum to transmit motion through couplings, chains, or open gears. This system is complex, inefficient, and prone to failure. Wellhead clearance methods use either whole-machine movement or telescopic guide cantilever methods, which involve a large amount of on-site operation and pose certain safety hazards. Counterweight descent relies on friction between the support arm and the rail to slow down the descent or on rail blocks to support the support arm and prevent the counterweight from falling. The former generates limited friction, while the latter has limited support arm load-bearing capacity, resulting in poor descent performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an intelligent tower-type pumping unit to solve the problems of the previous pumping units, which required moving the entire unit or extending the guide arm to make way, which was labor-intensive and posed safety hazards; and the counterweight slow-descent method, which relied on friction or blocks to decelerate, resulting in poor slow-descent effect.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent tower-type pumping unit, comprising: a tower, a platform, a transmission mechanism, a balancing device, a descent device, a guiding mechanism, and a control mechanism;

[0005] The tower is fixed to the ground, the platform is located on top of the tower, the transmission mechanism is fixed to the platform, and one end of the guide mechanism is connected to the platform shaft.

[0006] The balancing device is connected to one end of the transmission belt, which passes around the transmission mechanism and the guide mechanism respectively, and the other end is connected to the suspension rope device;

[0007] The other end of the guide mechanism is located above the wellhead. When the guide mechanism is connected to the transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is used to drive the other end of the guide mechanism to move away from the wellhead.

[0008] The tower has a vertically arranged guide rail inside. One end of the descent device is connected to the balancing device, and the other end is in contact with the guide rail. When the descent speed of the balancing device exceeds the predetermined speed, the other end of the descent device is locked to the guide rail, so that the balancing device stops descending.

[0009] The control mechanism is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the control mechanism is used to control the start of the transmission mechanism, thereby driving the two ends of the transmission belt to move up and down.

[0010] Preferably, the descent device includes: a horizontal support shaft, a vertical connecting plate, a rack, and an eccentric belt gear set;

[0011] The bottom of one end of the horizontal support shaft is connected to the top of the balancing device through a connecting mechanism. The connecting mechanism is used to enable the other end of the horizontal support shaft to rotate radially around the connection position with the balancing device, and to enable the horizontal support shaft to move a certain distance axially.

[0012] There are at least two eccentric belt gear sets, one side of the vertical connecting plate is connected to one end of the eccentric belt gear set, and the guide rail is located between the two eccentric belt gear sets;

[0013] The vertical connecting plate has a slot, and the other end of the horizontal support shaft passes through the slot and is connected to the rack. The two sides of the rack are respectively engaged with the two eccentric belt gear sets.

[0014] The top of the horizontal support shaft is connected to the other side of the vertical connecting plate via an elastic support member.

[0015] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes: a slow-descent connecting seat and a second pin;

[0016] The bottom of the slow-descent connector is connected to the top of the balancing device, and the slow-descent connector has two first lugs on its upper part;

[0017] The bottom of the horizontal support shaft has a second lug, which is located between the two first lugs. The first lug and the second lug are connected by a second pin, and the two ends of the second pin are aligned with the two ends of the horizontal support shaft.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a straightening mechanism;

[0019] The straightening mechanism is fixed to the side of the vertical connecting plate near the guide rail. The straightening mechanism is used to straighten the vertical connecting plate and prevent the vertical connecting plate from rotating.

[0020] and / or;

[0021] The straightening mechanism includes: a first straightening wheel, a first connecting shaft, a second straightening wheel, and a second connecting shaft;

[0022] The first straightening wheel is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate via the first connecting shaft, and the second straightening wheel is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate via the second connecting shaft;

[0023] The guide rail is located between the first straightening wheel and the second straightening wheel, and the sidewalls of the first straightening wheel and the second straightening wheel are in contact with the guide rail.

[0024] Preferably, the eccentric belt gear set includes: a transmission gear and an eccentric cam;

[0025] The transmission gear and the eccentric cam are connected to one side of the vertical connecting plate, and the transmission gear meshes with the rack and the eccentric cam respectively.

[0026] The guide rail is positioned between the two eccentric cams.

[0027] Preferably, the guiding mechanism includes: a guide connecting seat, a support arm, a connecting pin, and a guide wheel;

[0028] The bottom of the guide connector is connected to the top of the platform;

[0029] One end of the support arm has a third lug, which is connected to the guide connecting seat shaft via a first pin.

[0030] The guide wheel is shaft-connected to the other end of the support arm, and the guide wheel is positioned above the wellhead;

[0031] The support arm is provided with a connecting pin near the middle position for connecting to the transmission mechanism;

[0032] And / or, also includes: fixing lugs and set screws;

[0033] The body of the support arm is U-shaped, the fixed lug is located inside the U-shape, and the bottom of the fixed lug is connected to the top of the platform;

[0034] The fixed lug is connected to the side wall of the support arm via the set screw.

[0035] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes: a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a coupling, a mechanical brake device, and a reduction drum;

[0036] The permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected to the reduction drum via a coupling;

[0037] The transmission belt wraps around the reduction gear drum and contacts the cylindrical surface of the reduction gear drum;

[0038] The reduction roller has a friction layer on its surface, which is used to increase the friction between the transmission belt and the roller surface.

[0039] The mechanical braking device is connected to the reduction drum;

[0040] The control mechanism is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0041] Preferably, the control mechanism includes: a controller, an upper limit switch, a lower limit switch, and a proximity switch;

[0042] The controller is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the upper limit switch, the lower limit switch, and the proximity switch respectively.

[0043] The upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are disposed on the side wall of the tower, and the proximity switch is disposed between the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch;

[0044] And / or, also includes: inverter modules;

[0045] A frequency converter is connected between the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the power supply. The inverter module is installed in the frequency converter. The inverter module is used to convert the portion of the power supply voltage input to the frequency converter that exceeds a predetermined voltage and then transmit it to the power supply.

[0046] Preferably, the balancing device includes: a counterweight connecting seat, a main counterweight, and a secondary counterweight;

[0047] The top of the counterweight connecting seat is connected to the descent device and one end of the transmission belt, respectively;

[0048] The main counterweight is connected to the lower part of the counterweight connector, and the secondary counterweight is connected to the lower part of the main counterweight.

[0049] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] This invention provides an intelligent tower-type pumping unit. By coordinating a transmission mechanism and a guiding mechanism, it achieves wellhead clearance without requiring overall unit movement or complex clearance structures such as telescopic guide arms. It also eliminates the need for large equipment like cranes, reducing workload and eliminating safety hazards. Furthermore, by incorporating a slow-descent device that clamps the guide rails when the balancing device suddenly descends, the falling speed of the counterweight under unload conditions is reduced, ensuring the safety of on-site equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a front view of an intelligent tower-type oil pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a left view of an intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a front view of the slow-descent device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a right view of the slow-descent device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the guide mechanism yields in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the balancing device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] In the diagram, 1-tower, 2-platform, 3-guide mechanism, 4-transmission mechanism, 5-balancing device, 6-suspension rope device, 7-descent connecting seat, 8-guide connecting seat, 9-first pin, 10-support arm, 11-set screw, 12-connecting pin, 13-guide wheel, 14-permanent magnet synchronous motor, 15-coupling, 16-mechanical brake device, 17-reduction roller, 18-transmission belt, 19-main counterweight, 20-secondary counterweight, 21-descent device, 22-guide rail, 23-third support lug, 24-fixed support lug, 25-horizontal support shaft, 26-spring, 27-vertical connecting plate, 28-first straightening wheel, 29-second straightening wheel, 30-eccentric cam, 31-transmission gear, 32-rack, 34-second pin, 35-first support lug, 36-second support lug. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will now be described based on embodiments, but it is worth noting that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the following detailed description of the invention, certain specific details are described in detail. However, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention for the parts not described in detail.

[0061] Furthermore, those skilled in the art should understand that the accompanying drawings are provided only to illustrate the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention, and are not actually drawn to scale.

[0062] Furthermore, unless the context explicitly requires it, the words "comprising," "including," and similar terms throughout the specification and claims should be interpreted as including rather than exclusive or exhaustive; that is, meaning "including but not limited to."

[0063] Figure 1 This is a front view of an intelligent tower-type oil pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a left view of an intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a front view of the slow-descent device in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a right view of the slow-descent device in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the guide mechanism yields in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the balancing device in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1-7 As shown, an intelligent tower-type pumping unit includes: a tower 1, a platform 2, a transmission mechanism 4, a balancing device 5, a slow-descent device 21, a guiding mechanism 3, and a control mechanism; the tower 1 is fixed on the ground, the platform 2 is located on top of the tower 1, the transmission mechanism 4 is fixed on the platform 2, and one end of the guiding mechanism 3 is connected to the shaft of the platform 2; the balancing device 5 is connected to one end of a transmission belt 18, the transmission belt 18 passes around the transmission mechanism 4 and the guiding mechanism 3 respectively, and the other end is connected to a suspension rope 6; the other end of the guiding mechanism 3 is located above the wellhead, and when the guiding mechanism 3 is aligned with the wellhead... When the transmission mechanism 4 is connected, the transmission mechanism 4 is used to drive the other end of the guide mechanism 3 to move away from the wellhead; the tower 1 has a vertically arranged guide rail 22 inside, one end of the descent device 21 is connected to the balancing device 5, and the other end is in contact with the guide rail 22. When the descent speed of the balancing device 5 exceeds the predetermined speed, the other end of the descent device 21 is locked with the guide rail 22, so that the balancing device 5 stops descending; the control mechanism is connected to the transmission mechanism 4, and the control mechanism is used to control the start of the transmission mechanism 4, driving the two ends of the transmission belt 18 to move up and down.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the tower 1 is integrally welded into a truss structure consisting of two supporting beams, four columns, and horizontal and diagonal braces. The columns, horizontal and diagonal braces are made of steel pipes or angle steel, and the supporting beams are H-beams. A platform 2 is bolted to the top of the tower 1. The platform 2 is composed of a bottom beam, an upper plate, and a cylindrical body welded together.

[0065] During oil extraction, the control mechanism starts the transmission mechanism 4, which drives the two ends of the transmission belt 18 to move up and down. The transmission belt 18 drives the balancing device 5 and the suspension rope device 6 to move up and down. The suspension rope device 6 drives the downhole oil pump to move up and down through the polished rod and the sucker rod to extract oil.

[0066] During wellhead clearance, the transmission mechanism 4 is connected to the middle of the guide mechanism 3 via a tow rope. The control mechanism starts the transmission mechanism 4, causing the guide mechanism 3 to rotate upwards with one end as its axis, until it is far from the wellhead, completing the clearance. When resetting is required after well workover, the control mechanism starts the transmission mechanism 4, causing the other end of the guide mechanism 3 to rotate downwards, until the other end of the guide mechanism 3 moves to be above the wellhead.

[0067] In this disclosure, the descent control device 21 includes: a horizontal support shaft 25, a vertical connecting plate 27, a rack 32, and an eccentric belt gear set; the bottom of one end of the horizontal support shaft 25 is connected to the top of the balancing device 5 via a connecting mechanism, the connecting mechanism being used to allow the other end of the horizontal support shaft 25 to rotate radially about the connection position with the balancing device 5, and to allow the horizontal support shaft 25 to move a certain distance axially; there are at least two eccentric belt gear sets, one side of the vertical connecting plate 27 is connected to one end of the eccentric belt gear set, and the guide rail 22 is located between the two eccentric belt gear sets; the vertical connecting plate 27 has a slot, the other end of the horizontal support shaft 25 passes through the slot and is connected to the rack 32, the two sides of the rack 32 respectively mesh with the two eccentric belt gear sets; the top of the horizontal support shaft 25 is connected to the other side of the vertical connecting plate 27 via an elastic support member.

[0068] In this embodiment, since one end of the transmission belt 18 is connected to the balancing device 5, during the process of the transmission mechanism 4 driving one end of the transmission belt 18 to move up and down, the one end of the transmission belt 18 drives the balancing device 5 to move up and down, and the balancing device 5 drives the horizontal support shaft 25 to move up and down through the connecting mechanism.

[0069] Because the top of the horizontal support shaft 25 is connected to the vertical connecting plate 27 by an elastic support member, when the horizontal support shaft 25 moves upward, the elastic support member pushes the vertical connecting plate 27 and the eccentric belt gear set to move upward along the guide rail 22; when the horizontal support shaft 25 moves downward, the vertical connecting plate 27 and the eccentric belt gear set move downward along the guide rail 22 by their own gravity.

[0070] When the pumping unit is running normally, the balancing device 5 rises or falls relatively slowly, and the elastic support is in a compressed state due to the weight of the vertical connecting plate 27 and the eccentric belt gear set.

[0071] In the initial state, the horizontal support shaft 25 is located near the top of the slot, the eccentric belt gear set is located near the bottom of the rack 32, the rack 32 is located between the two eccentric belt gear sets, and the two eccentric belt gear sets are in the open state.

[0072] When the balancing device 5 is in a weightless state, due to its large weight, it falls at a high speed. When this speed exceeds the falling speed of the vertical connecting plate 27 and the eccentric belt gear set (i.e., the predetermined speed), the balancing device 5 drives the horizontal support shaft 25 to move closer to the bottom of the slot, causing the elastic support between the horizontal support shaft 25 and the vertical connecting plate 27 to spring back to its original position. The horizontal support shaft 25 then drives the rack 32 to move downwards, creating relative motion between the rack 32 and the vertical connecting plate 27, which in turn drives the two meshing eccentric belt gear sets on both sides to rotate. When the two eccentric belt gear sets rotate to the closed state, they clamp the side wall of the guide rail 22 inwards, thereby stopping the descent of the balancing device 5 through the combined action of the connected vertical connecting plate 27, elastic support, horizontal connecting shaft, and connecting mechanism. The elastic support can be a spring 26.

[0073] The connecting mechanism is used to connect the balancing device 5 and the horizontal support shaft 25, and to enable the horizontal support shaft 25 to rotate vertically and move horizontally back and forth around the connecting part while connected to the connecting mechanism. This allows for a certain amount of movement space in the front, back, left, and right directions during operation, preventing the horizontal support shaft 25 from jamming with the vertical connecting plate 27 if the balancing device 5 moves horizontally during operation when the connection is fixed.

[0074] In this disclosure, the connecting mechanism includes: a slow-descent connecting seat 7 and a second pin 34; the bottom of the slow-descent connecting seat 7 is connected to the top of the balancing device 5, and the slow-descent connecting seat 7 has two first lugs 35 on its upper part; the bottom of the horizontal support shaft 25 has a second lug 36, the second lug 36 is located between the two first lugs 35, the first lugs 35 and the second lug 36 are connected by the second pin 34, and the directions of the two ends of the second pin 34 are consistent with the directions of the two ends of the horizontal support shaft 25.

[0075] In this embodiment, the top of the balancing device 5 and the horizontal support shaft 25 are connected by a first lug 35, a second lug 36, and a second pin 34. There are two second lugs 36, which are disposed on the bottom side wall of the horizontal support shaft 25. The distance between the two second lugs 36 is less than the distance between the two first lugs 35, so that the second lugs 36 can move horizontally a certain distance between the two first lugs 35 along the second pin 34. At the same time, the horizontal support shaft 25 can rotate vertically about the second pin 34, so that the horizontal support shaft 25 has a certain amount of movement space in the front-back and left-right directions during operation, preventing the horizontal support shaft 25 from jamming with the vertical connecting plate 27 when the balancing device 5 moves horizontally during operation.

[0076] This disclosure also includes a straightening mechanism; the straightening mechanism is fixed to the side of the vertical connecting plate 27 near the guide rail 22, and the straightening mechanism is used to straighten the vertical connecting plate 27 and prevent the vertical connecting plate 27 from rotating; and / or; the straightening mechanism includes: a first straightening wheel 28, a first connecting shaft, a second straightening wheel 29, and a second connecting shaft; the first straightening wheel 28 is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate 27 through the first connecting shaft, and the second straightening wheel 29 is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate 27 through the second connecting shaft; the guide rail 22 is located between the first straightening wheel 28 and the second straightening wheel 29, and the sidewalls of the first straightening wheel 28 and the second straightening wheel 29 are in contact with the guide rail 22.

[0077] In this embodiment, a straightening mechanism is symmetrically arranged above and below the eccentric belt gear set on one side of the vertical connecting plate 27. The first straightening wheel 28 and the second straightening wheel 29 of the straightening mechanism are on the same horizontal line. The first straightening wheel 28 and the second straightening wheel 29 are used to straighten the vertical connecting plate 27, so that the vertical connecting plate 27 is always in a vertical state, preventing it from rotating during movement and affecting the horizontal support shaft 25 and the eccentric belt gear set. The first straightening wheel 28 and the second straightening wheel 29 can rotate along the axis, thereby reducing the friction between them and the guide rail 22.

[0078] In this disclosure, the eccentric belt gear set includes: a transmission gear 31 and an eccentric cam 30; the transmission gear 31 and the eccentric cam 30 are connected to one side of the vertical connecting plate 27, and the transmission gear 31 meshes with the rack 32 and the eccentric cam 30 respectively; the guide rail 22 is located between the two eccentric cams 30.

[0079] In this embodiment, one side of the eccentric cam 30 and the transmission gear 31 faces the vertical connecting plate 27; the two eccentric cam 30 sets are on the same horizontal line. The centers of the eccentric cam 30 and the transmission gear 31 are respectively connected to one side of the vertical connecting plate 27 through connecting shafts, and the eccentric cam 30 and the transmission gear 31 can rotate along the axis. The eccentric cam 30 has a toothed structure on its circumferential surface, and the transmission gear 31 meshes with the toothed structure on the circumferential surface of the eccentric cam 30.

[0080] In the initial state, the eccentric cam 30 is in the open state, that is, the eccentricity of the eccentric cam 30 is on the side away from the guide rail 22. The eccentricity is the side with the longer radius between the center and the edge of the eccentric cam 30; the position of the transmission gear 31 is close to the bottom end of the transmission rack 32.

[0081] When the balancing device 5 is weightless, the rack 32 moves relative to the vertical connecting plate 27, causing the two transmission gears 31 to rotate upwards counterclockwise and clockwise towards the rack 32. The two transmission gears 31 respectively drive their corresponding eccentric cams 30 to rotate downwards clockwise and counterclockwise away from the guide rail 22. Since one end of the two eccentric cams 30 is connected to one side of the vertical connecting plate 27, as the eccentricity of the two eccentric cams 30 rotates to gradually move downwards, the distance between the two eccentric cams 30 shortens, thereby clamping the guide rail 22 in the middle. As the two eccentric cams 30 and the guide rail 22 gradually clamp together, the friction gradually increases. Thus, through the connection between the vertical connecting plate 27 and the horizontal support shaft 25, the balancing device 5 is driven to reduce its falling speed until it stops. At this time, the eccentric cams 30 and the guide rail 22 are in a locked state.

[0082] When it is necessary to release the locking state, the transmission mechanism 4 drives the balancing device 5 to move upward, thereby driving the horizontal support shaft 25 and the rack 32 to move upward. The rack 32 drives the transmission gear 31 to rotate downward away from the rack 32. The transmission gear 31 drives the eccentric cam 30 to rotate upward towards the guide rail 22, which is the reverse rotation of the clamping process, thereby releasing the locking state.

[0083] In this disclosure, the guiding mechanism 3 includes: a guide connecting seat 8, a support arm 10, a connecting pin 12, and a guide wheel 13; the bottom of the guide connecting seat 8 is connected to the top of the platform 2; one end of the support arm 10 has a third lug 23, which is axially connected to the guide connecting seat 8 via a first pin 9; the guide wheel 13 is axially connected to the other end of the support arm 10, and the guide wheel 13 is located above the wellhead; the support arm 10 is provided with the connecting pin 12 for connecting the transmission mechanism 4 near the middle position; and / or, it further includes: a fixed lug 24 and a set screw 11; the body of the support arm 10 is U-shaped, the fixed lug 24 is located inside the U-shape, and the bottom of the fixed lug 24 is connected to the top of the platform 2; the fixed lug 24 is connected to the side wall of the support arm 10 via the set screw 11.

[0084] In this embodiment, one end of the transmission belt 18 is connected to the balancing device 5, and the other end passes over the transmission mechanism 4 and the guide wheel 13 before being connected downward to the suspension rope device 6. The transmission belt 18 contacts the side wall of the guide wheel 13. The support arm 10 is used to support the transmission belt 18, and the guide wheel 13 is used to prevent friction between the transmission belt 18 and the support arm 10 during movement, thereby reducing the resistance of the transmission belt 18.

[0085] When wellhead clearance is required, the connecting pin 12 is connected to one end of the drag rope, and the other end of the drag rope is connected to the transmission mechanism 4. The control mechanism activates the transmission mechanism 4, which in turn drives the support arm 10 to rotate counterclockwise upwards around the connection point between its third lug 23 and the first pin 9, until the other end of the support arm 10 is away from the wellhead, thus completing the clearance. When resetting is required after well workover, the control mechanism activates the transmission mechanism 4, which in turn drives the other end of the support arm 10 to rotate clockwise downwards, until the other end is positioned above the wellhead, thus completing the resetting.

[0086] In this embodiment, the through hole on the fixing lug 24 faces the U-shaped bottom of the support arm 10, and the fixing lug 24 is connected to the U-shaped bottom of the support arm 10 by a set screw 11. The fixing lug 24 and the set screw 11 are used to fix the support arm 10 to the top of the platform 2 to prevent the support arm 10 from rotating or shaking when the transmission belt 18 moves back and forth. When moving aside, the set screw 11 needs to be removed first, and then the drag rope needs to be connected to perform the moving operation.

[0087] In this disclosure, the transmission mechanism 4 includes: a permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, a coupling 15, a mechanical brake device 16, and a reduction roller 17; the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 is connected to the reduction roller 17 via the coupling 15; the transmission belt 18 passes around the reduction roller 17 and contacts the cylindrical surface of the reduction roller 17; the cylindrical surface of the reduction roller 17 has a friction layer, which is used to increase the friction between the transmission belt 18 and the cylindrical surface; the mechanical brake device 16 is connected to the reduction roller 17; and the control mechanism is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14.

[0088] In this embodiment, during oil extraction, the control mechanism starts the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, which, according to predetermined parameters such as stroke and frequency, drives the reduction drum 17 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise via the coupling 15. During rotation, the reduction drum 17, through friction and the load from the balancing device 5 and the suspension rope 6, drives the two ends of the transmission belt 18 to move up and down. The transmission belt 18, via the suspension rope 6 and the wire rope, drives the downhole pump to extract oil. When braking, the controller activates the electromagnetic brake on the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 to stop the reduction drum 17 and the transmission belt 18.

[0089] In this embodiment, the friction layer can be a ceramic block or an alloy coating such as ceramic, tungsten carbide, or nickel-chromium alloy, used to increase the friction of the cylinder surface of the reduction roller 17.

[0090] In this disclosure, the control mechanism includes: a controller, an upper limit switch, a lower limit switch, and a proximity switch; the controller is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, the upper limit switch, the lower limit switch, and the proximity switch respectively; the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are disposed on the side wall of the tower 1, and the proximity switch is disposed between the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch; and / or, it further includes: an inverter module; a frequency converter is connected between the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 and the power supply, the inverter module is installed in the frequency converter, and the inverter module is used to convert the portion of the power supply voltage input to the frequency converter that exceeds a predetermined voltage before transmitting it to the power supply.

[0091] In this embodiment, the balancing device 5 is provided with a horizontally protruding limit rod; when the transmission belt 18 drives the balancing device 5 to move upward to the highest position according to a predetermined stroke, an upper limit switch is provided at the upper predetermined position of the tower 1 corresponding to the limit rod at this time; when the transmission belt 18 drives the balancing device 5 to move downward to the lowest position according to a predetermined stroke, a lower limit switch is provided at the lower predetermined position of the tower 1 corresponding to the limit rod at this time; a proximity switch is provided on the tower 1 between the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch.

[0092] During oil extraction, the controller starts the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, which drives the transmission belt 18 to run normally according to the predetermined stroke through the reduction roller 17. The limit rod of the balancing device 5 moves back and forth between the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch, but does not contact the upper or lower limit switch. When it moves to the highest or lowest position, there is a distance of 3-5mm between it and the upper limit switch or the lower limit switch.

[0093] When the pumping unit malfunctions and the stroke of the transmission belt 18 exceeds the predetermined stroke range, the limit rod of the balancing device 5 will contact the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch when it moves upward to the highest position or downward to the lowest position. The upper limit switch and the lower limit switch will send a signal to the controller. The controller will determine that the pumping unit's operating stroke exceeds the predetermined stroke range based on the signal, and then control the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 to stop and control the electromagnetic brake of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 to start braking to ensure safe operation.

[0094] During the up-and-down movement of the balancing device 5, it will pass by the proximity switch set between the upper and lower limit switches. Each time the balancing device 5 passes by, the proximity switch senses the approaching object and sends a signal to the controller. The controller determines the operating status and speed of the pumping unit based on the signal sent by the proximity switch and the interval between each received signal. If the signal interval sent by the proximity switch is too short, less than the predetermined interval, it indicates that the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 drives the transmission belt 18 too fast. If the signal interval sent by the proximity switch is too long or no signal is sent, exceeding the predetermined interval, it indicates that the pumping unit is running too slowly or has a malfunction.

[0095] In this embodiment, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 is connected to the power supply via a control cabinet, which houses a frequency converter and an inverter module. When the power supply current enters the frequency converter in the distribution cabinet, the frequency converter converts the AC power input into DC power and regulates it. The regulated DC power is then converted back into AC power and transmitted to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 to provide power for its operation. During the regulation process, any voltage exceeding the operating requirements of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 would previously be dissipated through a connected braking resistor.

[0096] This disclosure achieves better energy saving and eliminates harmonic pollution by setting an inverter module in the frequency converter to convert excess voltage into AC power and then transmit it to the power source for reuse. This is achieved by feeding excess electrical energy generated during equipment operation back to the grid. Compared with the previous method of resistive consumption, this method can achieve better energy saving and eliminate harmonic pollution.

[0097] In this disclosure, the balancing device 5 includes: a counterweight connecting seat, a main counterweight 19, and a secondary counterweight 20; the top of the counterweight connecting seat is connected to the descent device 21 and one end of the transmission belt 18, respectively; the main counterweight 19 is connected to the bottom of the counterweight connecting seat, and the secondary counterweight 20 is connected to the bottom of the main counterweight 19.

[0098] In this embodiment, the top of the counterweight connecting seat is connected to the bottom of the slow-descent connecting seat 7, and the main counterweight 19 and the auxiliary counterweight 20 are used to balance the load of the downhole pump. Multiple auxiliary counterweights 20 are provided below the main counterweight 19; the main counterweight 19 and the auxiliary counterweights 20 are detachably connected by four double-ended studs; the multiple auxiliary counterweights 20 are detachably connected to each other to facilitate adjustment of the weight of the balancing device 5 according to the load.

[0099] In this embodiment of the disclosure, during oil extraction, the controller controls the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14 to start, and drives the transmission belt 18 to run normally according to a predetermined stroke through the reduction drum 17. One end of the transmission belt 18 drives the counterweight connecting seat, the main counterweight 19 and the auxiliary counterweight 20, and the other end drives the suspension rope device 6 to move up and down. The suspension rope device 6 drives the downhole oil pump to move up and down through the polished rod and the sucker rod to extract oil.

[0100] During wellhead clearance, the reduction drum 17 is connected to the connecting pin 12 via a drag rope. The controller starts the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, which, through the coupling 15 and the reduction drum 17, drives the support arm 10 to rotate upwards at one end, using the guide connecting seat 8 and the first pin 9 as its axis, until it is away from the wellhead, completing the clearance. When resetting is required after well workover, the controller starts the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, driving the other end of the support arm 10 to rotate downwards until the other end of the support arm 10 is above the wellhead.

[0101] When the balancing device 5 is in a weightless state, the balancing device 5 drives the horizontal support shaft 25 to move closer to the bottom of the slot, causing the elastic support between the horizontal support shaft 25 and the vertical connecting plate 27 to spring back to its original position; the horizontal support shaft 25 drives the rack 32 to move downward, and the rack 32 and the vertical connecting plate 27 generate relative motion, thereby driving the two meshing eccentric belt gear sets on both sides to rotate; when the eccentric belt gear sets rotate to the closed state, they clamp the side wall of the guide rail 22 inward, thereby stopping the balancing device 5 from descending.

[0102] The counterweight slow-descent device 21 disclosed herein employs a rack and pinion 32 driving an eccentric cam 30 to lock the tower 1 guide rail 22, reducing the counterweight's falling speed under unload conditions, minimizing impact on the equipment and foundation, and effectively protecting the equipment and foundation. The control mechanism adopts a four-quadrant intelligent drive design, using the positions of upper and lower limit switches to determine the pumping unit's operation within its maximum stroke range. The controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14, and monitors the motor's position and speed in real time via its encoder. The controller can remotely monitor and adjust the permanent magnet synchronous motor 14's operating data via various terminals such as handheld terminals, apps, and host computers. By setting an inverter module, the negative power generated during operation can be automatically fed back to the grid, achieving better energy-saving effects and eliminating harmonic pollution. The pumping unit structure disclosed herein has high transmission efficiency, fewer failure points, safe and reliable counterweight slow descent, simple yielding operation, significant energy-saving effect of the control mechanism, and high overall reliability.

[0103] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smart tower-type oil pumping unit, characterized in that, include: The tower (1), platform (2), transmission mechanism (4), balancing device (5), descent device (21), guiding mechanism (3), and control mechanism; The tower (1) is fixed on the ground, the platform (2) is located on top of the tower (1), the transmission mechanism (4) is fixed on the platform (2), and one end of the guide mechanism (3) is connected to the shaft of the platform (2). The balancing device (5) is connected to one end of the transmission belt (18), which passes around the transmission mechanism (4) and the guide mechanism (3) respectively, and the other end is connected to the suspension rope device (6); The other end of the guide mechanism (3) is above the wellhead. When the guide mechanism (3) is connected to the transmission mechanism (4), the transmission mechanism (4) is used to drive the other end of the guide mechanism (3) to move away from the wellhead. The tower (1) has a vertically arranged guide rail (22) inside. One end of the descent device (21) is connected to the balancing device (5), and the other end is in contact with the guide rail (22). When the descent speed of the balancing device (5) exceeds the predetermined speed, the other end of the descent device (21) is locked with the guide rail (22), so that the balancing device (5) stops descending. The control mechanism is connected to the transmission mechanism (4), and the control mechanism is used to control the start of the transmission mechanism (4) to drive the two ends of the transmission belt (18) to move up and down. The descent device (21) includes: a horizontal support shaft (25), a vertical connecting plate (27), a rack (32), and an eccentric belt gear set; The bottom of one end of the horizontal support shaft (25) is connected to the top of the balancing device (5) through a connecting mechanism. The connecting mechanism is used to enable the other end of the horizontal support shaft (25) to rotate radially around the connection position with the balancing device (5) and to enable the horizontal support shaft (25) to move a certain distance along the axial direction. There are at least two eccentric belt gear sets, one side of the vertical connecting plate (27) is connected to one end of the eccentric belt gear set, and the guide rail (22) is located between the two eccentric belt gear sets; The vertical connecting plate (27) has a slot, and the other end of the horizontal support shaft (25) passes through the slot and is connected to the rack (32). The two sides of the rack (32) are respectively engaged with the two eccentric belt gear sets. The top of the horizontal support shaft (25) is connected to the other side of the vertical connecting plate (27) via an elastic support member; The connecting mechanism includes: a slow-descent connecting seat (7) and a second pin (34); The bottom of the slow-descent connector (7) is connected to the top of the balancing device (5), and the slow-descent connector (7) has two first lugs (35) on its top. The bottom of the horizontal support shaft (25) has a second lug (36), which is located between the two first lugs (35). The first lugs (35) and the second lugs (36) are connected by a second pin (34), and the two ends of the second pin (34) are in the same direction as the two ends of the horizontal support shaft (25).

2. The intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, This also includes institutions that promote legitimacy; The straightening mechanism is fixed to the side of the vertical connecting plate (27) near the guide rail (22). The straightening mechanism is used to straighten the vertical connecting plate (27) and prevent the vertical connecting plate (27) from rotating. The straightening mechanism includes: a first straightening wheel (28), a first connecting shaft, a second straightening wheel (29), and a second connecting shaft; The first straightening wheel (28) is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate (27) via the first connecting shaft, and the second straightening wheel (29) is fixed to one side of the vertical connecting plate (27) via the second connecting shaft; The guide rail (22) is located between the first straightening wheel (28) and the second straightening wheel (29), and the sidewalls of the first straightening wheel (28) and the second straightening wheel (29) are in contact with the guide rail (22).

3. The intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The eccentric belt gear set includes: a transmission gear (31) and an eccentric cam (30); The transmission gear (31) and the eccentric cam (30) are connected to one side of the vertical connecting plate (27), and the transmission gear (31) meshes with the rack (32) and the eccentric cam (30) respectively; The guide rail (22) is located between the two eccentric cams (30).

4. The intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism (3) includes: a guide connecting seat (8), a support arm (10), a connecting pin (12), and a guide wheel (13); The bottom of the guide connector (8) is connected to the top of the platform (2); One end of the support arm (10) has a third lug (23), which is axially connected to the guide connecting seat (8) via a first pin (9); The guide wheel (13) is axially connected to the other end of the support arm (10), and the guide wheel (13) is located above the wellhead; The support arm (10) is provided with a connecting pin (12) near the middle position for connecting the transmission mechanism (4). It also includes: a fixed lug (24) and a set screw (11); The body of the support arm (10) is U-shaped, the fixed support ear (24) is located inside the U-shape, and the bottom of the fixed support ear (24) is connected to the top of the platform (2). The fixed lug (24) is connected to the side wall of the support arm (10) via the set screw (11).

5. The intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (4) includes: a permanent magnet synchronous motor (14), a coupling (15), a mechanical brake device (16), and a reduction drum (17). The permanent magnet synchronous motor (14) is connected to the reduction drum (17) via a coupling (15); The transmission belt (18) passes around the reduction roller (17) and contacts the cylindrical surface of the reduction roller (17); The reduction roller (17) has a friction layer on its surface, which is used to increase the friction between the transmission belt (18) and the roller surface; The mechanical brake device (16) is connected to the reduction drum (17); The control mechanism is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor (14).

6. The intelligent tower-type pumping unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control mechanism includes: a controller, an upper limit switch, a lower limit switch, and a proximity switch; The controller is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor (14), the upper limit switch, the lower limit switch and the proximity switch respectively; The upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are disposed on the side wall of the tower (1), and the proximity switch is disposed between the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch; It also includes: inverter module; A frequency converter is connected between the permanent magnet synchronous motor (14) and the power supply. The inverter module is installed in the frequency converter. The inverter module is used to convert the portion of the power supply voltage input to the frequency converter that exceeds a predetermined voltage and then transmit it to the power supply.

7. The intelligent tower pumping unit according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The balancing device (5) includes: a counterweight connecting seat, a main counterweight (19) and a secondary counterweight (20); The top of the counterweight connecting seat is connected to the slow descent device (21) and one end of the transmission belt (18); The main counterweight (19) is connected to the lower part of the counterweight connector, and the secondary counterweight (20) is connected to the lower part of the main counterweight (19).

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