Smart bearing with flexible outer ring and load identification method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of bearings, and provides a smart bearing with a flexible outer ring and an identification method.The smart bearing comprises a bearing outer ring with a multi- boss flexible structure, a bearing rolling element, a retainer, an inner ring and a sensor.The bearing outer ring with a multi-boss flexible structure comprises a bearing outer ring inner ring, a bearing outer ring inner boss, a bearing outer ring outer ring and a bearing outer ring outer boss.The bearing of the application can effectively obtain the bearing radial load, the internal rolling element load distribution, the rolling element revolution speed and the component fault by only arranging strain, combining static calibration and dynamic outer ring strain measuring point to obtain data, and performing data processing, and the sensor is simple and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bearing technology, specifically relating to an intelligent bearing with load testing and a load identification method. Background Technology

[0002] Rolling bearings are important components of mechanical equipment and are widely used in aero engines, machine tool spindles, etc. The load, load distribution of internal parts, and rotational speed of the bearings all affect their performance. Therefore, obtaining the operating characteristics of bearings is of great significance.

[0003] Currently, domestic and international research on bearing fault detection, starting from the distribution of vibration signal data and focusing on signal analysis and data-driven research under data equalization, includes works such as Li Xinyi (Journal: Application of Windowed Interpolation Fast Fourier Transform in Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis), Tao (Journal: Bearings fault detection using wavelet transform and generalized Gaussian density modeling), Du Xiaolei (Journal: Application of Morphological Empirical Wavelet Transform and Improved Fractal Network in Bearing Fault Identification), Che (Journal: Domain Adaptive Deep Belief Network for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis), Wu Nan (Journal: Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Combination of One-Dimensional CNN and BiLSTM), and Mao Wentao (Journal: Unsupervised Tensor Deep Transfer Learning Method for Online Early Fault Detection of Bearings), etc. Research on data processing under imbalanced data includes Li Mengnan (Journal: Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Small Sample Data Combining SE-VAE and M1DCNN) and Xu Zhuofei (Journal: Research on Small Sample Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Siamese Network), etc.; Research on feature extraction includes Hu Xiangdong (Journal: Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Time-Frequency Enhancement) and Kang Yuxiang (Journal: Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Dual Empirical Pool Deep Reinforcement Learning under Imbalanced Data), etc.; Research on model improvement includes Tao Xinmin (Journal: Imbalanced Maximum Soft Spacing SVDD Bearing Fault Detection Model) and Li Qing (Bearing Data Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis Based on 1DMCNN_BIGRU_SAM), etc. However, most studies are limited to signal data analysis, driving, processing, and feature extraction, neglecting the research on vibration signal data acquisition methods. In actual process sites, the bearing operating environment is extremely complex; changes in noise, load, and speed can all affect the collected vibration signals, causing fluctuations and leading to inaccurate results.

[0004] For identifying rolling bearing loads, the following methods employ the approach of slotting and attaching sensors to the bearing outer ring and bearing housing: Sun Shouguang (patent: bearing load testing structure and method), which achieves bearing load testing by creating grooves on the surface of the bearing outer ring and placing strain gauges at the bottom; this method damages the bearing outer ring and affects bearing performance; Li Qiang (patent: a novel bearing load testing structure), which achieves bearing load testing by creating grooves on the bearing housing and attaching strain gauges to the arc transition area within the grooves; this method requires a high degree of fit between the bearing and the bearing housing, and the stress needs to be transferred to the bearing housing through the bearing outer ring; Li Qiang (patent: a device and method for testing bearing loads), which achieves bearing load testing by creating grooves on the bearing housing and attaching strain gauges to the bearing outer ring; Shi Rong (journal: experimental study on load distribution of work roll bearings in large strip mills), which obtains the load spectrum characteristics of the bearing under heavy-load operating conditions by embedding sensors in the bearing housing and attaching strain gauges to the outside of the bearing housing.

[0005] For measuring the rotational speed of rolling bearings, Sun Yan (paper: Application of Fiber Optic Sensors in Bearing Cage Rotational Speed ​​Measurement) proposed a method for measuring bearing rotational speed using fiber optic sensors to acquire bearing cage rotational speed signals; Lu Mengsi (paper: Bearing Rotational Speed ​​Measurement Method Based on Machine Vision) proposed a method for measuring rotational speed using machine vision technology; Feng Qiyun (paper: High-Precision Wireless Testing Method for Bearing Rotational Speed ​​Based on Impedance Matching) proposed a wireless method for measuring bearing rotational speed based on impedance matching, etc. All of these testing methods require the addition of many components around the bearing, and all require exposed parts of the bearing components.

[0006] Regarding the identification of internal loads in bearings, Mose (Journal: Development of an Experimental System to Measure Stresses in a Bearing Using Photo-elasticity) and Papadopoulos (Journal: Experimental study of the load distribution in bearings by the method of caustics and the photoelasticity method) used an experimental method of photoelasticity to measure load distribution, but neglected the constraint and positioning effect of the cage on the rolling elements; Takafumi Nagatomo (Journal: Effects of Load Distribution on Life of Radial Roller Bearings) obtained the load changes at the contact position between the inner ring rolling elements and the raceway by measuring the strain response at various measuring points on the inner ring during bearing operation by slotting the inner ring with a fiber optic strain sensor; Kwapisz (Journal: Instrumented bearing for force and moment measurements) invented a strain-type instrument bearing, which can obtain the contact load at different positions of a double-row ball bearing; Marconnet (Journal: Measuring Load Distribution on the Outer Raceways of Rotating) (Machines) proposed a method for determining the contact load distribution of a bearing outer ring using a capacitive probe. In the experiment, the capacitive probe was placed inside the bearing outer ring, and the load magnitude at different locations was obtained by acquiring the voltage change caused by the deformation of the bearing outer ring. However, due to the need to slot the bearing outer ring and the lack of consideration for the transmission relationship between voltage and load at the measuring point, the obtained load differed significantly from the theoretical value. Hou Y (Journal: Development of an experimental system to measure the cage slip of cylindrical roller bearing), Chen Peng (Paper: Research on Load Distribution Test of High-Speed ​​Train Axle Box Bearing), and Zhou Gaowei (Paper: Research on Load Distribution Test of High-Speed ​​Train Axle Box Bearing) used a method of slotting along the axial and circumferential directions on the inner wall of the bearing housing to obtain the dynamic load distribution inside the bearing by measuring the strain response of the bearing outer ring. This method is greatly affected by factors such as the bearing internal clearance and the interference fit of the mating surfaces.

[0007] Currently, most intelligent bearing technologies that use vibration signal data distribution for bearing condition evaluation and fault diagnosis are limited to signal data analysis, driving, processing, and feature extraction, neglecting the method of acquiring vibration signal data. Rotational speed is mostly tested using optical, magnetic, and visual information, but most of these methods require additional components and have requirements for bearing installation position. Load is currently mostly identified through overall load identification via bearing housings or by damaging the bearing outer ring to place sensors near the rolling elements to test contact load. However, load distribution testing technology is still immature and inaccurate, mostly remaining at the theoretical calculation level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research on intelligent bearing technology that integrates functions such as acquiring bearing radial load, internal rolling element load distribution, rolling element revolution speed, and component faults. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to address the aforementioned shortcomings by proposing an intelligent bearing with a flexible outer ring featuring multiple bosses and an annular elongated groove structure. Sensors are arranged within the bearing, and methods for identifying load and internal load distribution, as well as rotational speed, are proposed. This invention can effectively acquire information on the bearing's radial load, internal rolling element load distribution, rolling element revolution speed, and component faults.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention: A flexible outer ring intelligent bearing includes a bearing outer ring 1 with a multi-protrusion flexible structure, bearing rolling elements 2, cage 3, inner ring 4 and sensor 5. The bearing outer ring 1 with the multi-protrusion flexible structure includes an inner ring 11, an inner protrusion 12, an outer ring 13 and an outer protrusion 14. The bearing outer ring 1 of the multi-protrusion flexible structure has an inner ring 11 on the inner side. The inner ring 11 has an inner protrusion 12 with the same number and uniform distribution as the bearing rolling elements 2. The outer side of the inner protrusion 12 is an outer ring 13 with a certain thickness. The outer side of the outer ring 13 has an outer protrusion 14 with the same number and uniform distribution as the inner protrusion 12. A sensor 5 is provided at the root of the outer protrusion 14 on the outer surface of the outer ring 13. The sensor 5 is connected to an external data acquisition system.

[0010] The inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring is located between the two outer bosses 14 of the bearing outer ring on both sides. The inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring, the two outer bosses 14 of the bearing outer ring on both sides of the inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring, and the outer ring 13 of the bearing outer ring together form a simply supported beam structure.

[0011] The height of the inner boss 12 on the outer ring of the bearing is not less than 1 mm, and the height of the outer boss 14 on the outer ring is not less than 2 mm.

[0012] The outer ring 13 of the bearing has a thickness of 2mm, and the number of bosses Z is equal to the number of bearing rolling elements 2 n, which is set according to the load and the number of bearing rolling elements 2.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The present invention proposes an intelligent bearing with a flexible bearing outer ring having multiple bosses and annular long waist groove, which enables the bearing to generate strain in the outer ring under radial load conditions, and the bearing load test is performed by testing the strain. (2) Relationship between the number of outer ring bosses and the number of rolling elements ( It can obtain the distributed load of the rolling elements inside the bearing under static calibration conditions, and realize the testing of the internal distributed load; (3) When the rolling element rotates, the change in the angle of the rolling element’s motion position can cause a periodic change in the strain at the measuring point. The periodic frequency is consistent with the revolution frequency of the rolling element, which can realize the rotational speed test. (4) The impact load generated when the internal components of the rolling element fail will also cause the sensor to generate an impact signal. By analyzing the frequency of the impact signal and comparing it with the failure frequency of the bearing, the failure of the rolling element and the inner and outer rings of the bearing can be identified. (5) The bearing of the present invention obtains data by strain arrangement, combined with static calibration and dynamic outer ring strain measurement points, and performs data processing. It can effectively obtain the radial load of the bearing, the load distribution of the internal rolling elements, the revolution speed of the rolling elements and the faults of the components. The sensor is simple and convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a rolling bearing with a flexible structure featuring multiple bosses on the outer ring.

[0015] Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the outer ring of a bearing with a flexible structure featuring multiple bosses. (a) is a structural diagram of the outer ring of the bearing with a flexible structure featuring multiple bosses, (b) is an enlarged structural diagram of the outer ring of the bearing with a flexible structure featuring multiple bosses, and (c) is a structural diagram showing the relationship between the bosses and the rolling elements.

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the deformation principle of a bearing-supported simply supported beam structure Figure 4 For the position of the rolling element Simplified schematic diagram of the rolling element load distribution.

[0017] Figure 5 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the radial force transmission and distribution of the rolling element at different positions, where (a) represents the rolling element position. Simplified schematic diagram of radial force transmission and distribution at time, (b) shows the position of the rolling element. Simplified schematic diagram of radial force transmission and distribution during operation.

[0018] Figure 6 The diagrams show the sensor layout, where (a) is a single sensor layout and (b) is the overall sensor layout for the outer ring of the bearing.

[0019] Figure 7 The diagrams show the dynamic vibration curves under different conditions. (a) shows the dynamic vibration curves of the 0 strain group under different static loads, (b) shows the dynamic vibration curves of the 0 strain group under different rotational speeds, and (c) shows the dynamic strain vibration curves of the 0, 1R, and 2R strain groups.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Bearing outer ring with a flexible multi-bore structure; 2. Bearing rolling elements; 3. Bearing cage; 4. Bearing inner ring; 5. Sensor; 11. Inner ring of the bearing outer ring; 12. Inner boss of the bearing outer ring; 13. Outer ring of the bearing outer ring; 14. Outer boss of the bearing outer ring; 2L. The angle between the left side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the sensor group, 1L, and the angle between the left side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the sensor group, and the angle between it and the radial load is 0. The inner boss corresponds to the sensor group, 2R, and the angle between the right side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the sensor group, 1R, and the angle between the right side and the radial load is... The inner boss corresponds to the sensor group. The angle between the first rolling element on the right and the radial load ( a) The angle between the right side and the radial load is The outer boss, b, and the angle between the right side and the radial load are... The outer protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0022] Combination Figure 1 A smart bearing with a flexible outer ring includes a bearing outer ring 1 with a multi-protrusion flexible structure, bearing rolling elements 2, cage 3, inner ring 4, and sensor 5. The bearing outer ring 1 with the multi-protrusion flexible structure includes an inner ring 11, an inner protrusion 12, an outer ring 13, and an outer protrusion 14.

[0023] Combination Figure 2(a) and 2(b), the inner side of the bearing outer ring 1 of the multi-protrusion flexible structure is the bearing outer ring inner ring 11. The bearing outer ring inner ring 11 is provided with bearing outer ring inner protrusions 12 of the same number as the rolling elements and evenly distributed. The outer side of the bearing outer ring inner protrusions 12 is the bearing outer ring outer ring 13 of a certain thickness. The outer side of the bearing outer ring outer ring 13 is provided with bearing outer ring outer protrusions 14 of the same number as the bearing outer ring inner protrusions 12 and evenly distributed. A certain number of sensors 5 are provided at the root of the bearing outer ring outer protrusions 14 on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring outer ring 13. The sensors 5 are connected to the external acquisition card. The bearing outer ring inner ring 11, bearing outer ring inner protrusions 12, bearing outer ring outer ring 13 and bearing outer ring outer protrusions 14 together form the bearing outer ring 1 of the multi-protrusion flexible structure.

[0024] Combination Figure 2 As shown in (c), the inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring is located in the middle of the outer boss 14 of the bearing outer ring. Together with the outer ring 13 of the bearing outer ring, they form a simply supported beam structure. The height of the inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring is not less than 1 mm, and the height of the outer boss 14 of the bearing outer ring is not less than 2 mm. The thickness of the outer ring 13 of the bearing outer ring is 2 mm. The number of bosses Z is equal to the number of bearing rolling elements 2 n. The specific parameters can be set according to the load and the number of bearing rolling elements 2. The flexible structure bearing outer ring 1, rolling elements 2, cage 3, and inner ring 4 form a complete bearing.

[0025] like Figure 3 A load testing method for a flexible outer ring intelligent bearing: When a radial load is applied to the inner boss 12 of the outer ring through the inner ring 11 of the bearing outer ring, the load borne by the inner boss 12 of the outer ring is evenly transmitted to the two outer bosses 14 of the outer ring. At this time, the deformation at the root of the inner boss 12 and the outer boss 14 of the outer ring is the largest. And through simulation verification, the root deformation of the two outer bosses 14 of the outer ring near the inner boss 12 of the outer ring is only related to the load of the inner boss 12 of the outer ring, and the interference of other inner bosses 12 of the outer ring is ignored. like Figure 4 When the bearing radial clearance When the bearing rolling elements 2 are distributed within an angle of less than or equal to 90° with the radial load, the bearing rolling element 2 with the smallest angle with the radial load bears the largest load, while the load of the other bearing rolling elements 2 decreases as the angle increases. like Figure 5 (a) When the angle between the first bearing rolling element 2 on the right side of the radial load and the radial load is... At that time, the relationship between the load on each bearing rolling element 2 and the radial load is as follows: (1) In the formula, It is the bearing radial load; It is a serial number. The load on bearing rolling element 2, and the serial number of bearing rolling element 2. , It is the serial number of the rolling element 2 of the right bearing under radial load. At that time, the sequence number of the first rolling element on the right side of the radial load Then its serial number Its load is And so on; the included angle between rolling elements The load on the rolling element 2 of the bearing is directly transferred from the inner ring 11 of the outer ring to the inner boss 12 of the outer ring. The load transfer formula is as follows: (2) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearings numbered ad, ab, bc The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner bosses 12 of the outer ring of the bearings numbered de and ef is then transferred from the inner bosses 12 of the outer ring of the bearings to the two outer bosses 14 on both sides of the outer ring of the bearings via the outer ring 13. At the same time, one outer boss 14 of the outer ring of the bearings also bears the load of the inner bosses 12 of the two outer rings of the bearings on both sides. The load transfer formula is: (3) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the outer ring outer boss 14 of bearings numbered a, b, and c. The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the outer ring outer boss 14 of the bearings numbered d, e, and f; like Figure 5 (b) When the angle between the first bearing rolling element 2 on the right side of the radial load and the radial load is... At that time, the relationship between the load on each bearing rolling element 2 and the radial load is as follows: (4) In the formula, This is the bearing radial load. The load on the bearing rolling element 2 is transferred from the inner ring 11 of the bearing outer ring to the two inner bosses 12 of the bearing outer ring. The load transfer formula is: (5) The load is then transferred from the inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring to the two outer bosses 14 on both sides of the bearing outer ring via the outer ring 13. The load transfer formula is as follows: (6) When the radial load forms an angle with the first bearing rolling element 2 on the right side of the radial load... At that time, the relationship between the load on the outer boss 14 of each bearing outer ring and the load on the bearing rolling element 2 is as follows: (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearings numbered ad, ab, bc The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearing with serial numbers de and ef. All are rolling element serial numbers, and related, , , , , , These are the rolling element loads corresponding to rolling elements with different serial numbers; Sensors 5 are arranged on both sides of the root of the outer ring 14 of the bearing outer ring 13. The edge line of the sensor 5 coincides with the transition line of the rounded arc surface of the outer ring 14 and is located in the middle of the bearing axial direction. Since one inner ring 12 and the two outer ring 14 on both sides form a simply supported beam structure, the two sensors 5 between the two outer ring 14 on both sides of the inner ring 12 are a group. Figure 6 As shown in (a), the sum of the two strain values ​​in a set is the strain generated when the inner boss 12 of the corresponding bearing outer ring is subjected to a load. ,in, These are the strain values ​​of the two sensors in strain group 1 on the left, and so on for the rest; like Figure 6 (b) Since the radial clearance of the tested bearing is greater than zero, sensors 5 are arranged between two outer ring outer bosses 14 of the bearing outer ring corresponding to the inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring with an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees. The strain groups are numbered 2L, 1L, 0, 1R and 2R respectively, to test the strain generated by the simple beam structure corresponding to each inner ring inner boss 12 of the bearing outer ring under radial load. like Figure 7 (a) When the rotational speed remains constant and the radial load changes, obtain the strain data of the strain group under different radial loads. The test strain data are multiple regular vibration curves with different strain values ​​but the same frequency. like Figure 7(b) When the radial load remains constant and the rotation speed is changed, the strain data of the strain group at different rotation speeds are obtained. The test strain data are multiple regular vibration curves with similar strain values ​​but different frequencies. like Figure 7 (c) When the inner ring 4 of the bearing is under radial load Below the rotational speed During rotation, the strain gauge test data consist of multiple regular vibration curves with the same frequency and period but different strain values. ,cycle Each set of strain data corresponds to a different vibration curve; The specific steps are as follows: 1. Static calibration of force parameters 1.1 Radial Load Calibration: The outer ring 1 of the bearing is fixedly installed in the bearing housing. The radial load is applied along the y-direction through the shaft to the inner ring 4 of the bearing. The load magnitude is controlled by a pressure testing machine, and the 0-strain group is selected to calibrate the static radial load. During calibration, the rolling elements 2 of the bearing correspond one-to-one with the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearing. The positions of the rolling elements 2 are... Test data for zero strain under different loads were obtained. The obtained zero strain data under different loads were then fitted using the least squares method. The slope of the fitted curve is the coefficient of relationship between radial load and strain. ; In the formula, These are the coefficients relating the static lower diameter load to the zero strain group. It is a radial load. This is the strain of the 0-strain group; 1.2 Rolling element load distribution calibration: such as Figure 5 (a) When the bearing rolling elements 2 correspond one-to-one with the inner bosses 12 of the bearing outer ring, the position of the bearing rolling elements 2 is... At this point, the load borne by each inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearing is the load borne by the rolling element 2 of the bearing. Based on the data of different strain sets and the principle of rolling element load distribution, we obtain... (12) In the formula, These are the radial loads with the right-hand serial number as follows: The bearing rolling element load, They are numbered The strain values ​​of the strain group are not distinguished between the left and right sides at this time; They are numbered The strain-load relationship coefficients for different strain groups are assumed to be the same, considering that the corresponding simply supported beam structures for different strain groups are the same. ; (13) (14) (15) (16) Obtain strain values ​​for different strain groups Substitute into the equation That is, to obtain the coefficient of relationship between rolling element load and strain. ; When the rolling elements 2 of the bearing do not correspond one-to-one with the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearing, the position of the rolling elements 2 of the bearing is... hour, (17) In the formula, These are the radial loads numbered on the right. The strain values ​​of the strain group, These are the radial loads numbered on the left. The strain values ​​of the strain group were obtained, and the strain values ​​of different strain groups were acquired. and Substitute into the equation That is, to obtain the position of the rolling element and the loads of each rolling element ; 2. Dynamic testing and identification of force and rotational speed 2.1 Dynamic Identification of Radial Load: The 0-strain group was also selected to calibrate the dynamic radial load. When the shaft was rotated and applied to the inner ring 4 of the bearing, the obtained strain data showed a regular vibration curve. Various characteristic values ​​were calculated from the test strain data using a specific algorithm, and the average value was taken. The formula for calculating radial load is as follows: (18) 2.2 Rolling element revolution speed test: The rotation of the inner ring 4 of the bearing drives the rolling element 2 of the bearing to roll. The rolling element 2 causes the load on the inner boss 12 of the outer ring of the bearing to change in a regular manner, such as... Figure 7 (b) The corresponding strain group strain values ​​form a regular vibration curve. The strain data from the 0 strain group are selected to perform the rotational speed test. The frequency measurement method is used to obtain the average revolution speed of the rolling element, and the period measurement method is used to obtain the instantaneous revolution speed of the rolling element. Frequency measurement method: Periodic measurement method: Inner ring speed calculation formula: In the formula, It is the pulse interval time. It is the number of pulses per unit time. It is the rotational speed of the inner ring relative to the outer ring. It is the bearing pitch circle diameter. It is the diameter of the rolling element. It is the orbital speed of the rolling element; 3. Dynamic component failure testing like Figure 7 When the bearing is running normally, the strain generated by each set of sensors is a regular vibration curve. Once faults such as wear, burns, plastic deformation, fatigue pitting and spalling occur, the resulting impact load will cause the sensor's impact signal. By analyzing the frequency of the impact signal and comparing it with the bearing's fault frequency, faults in the bearing's rolling elements and inner and outer rings can be identified, and the fault can be detected.

Claims

1. A smart bearing with a flexible outer ring, characterized in that, The intelligent bearing with the flexible outer ring includes a bearing outer ring (1) with a multi-protrusion flexible structure, bearing rolling elements (2), cage 3, inner ring 4 and sensor (5). The bearing outer ring (1) with the multi-protrusion flexible structure includes an inner ring (11), an inner boss (12), an outer ring (13), and an outer boss (14). The bearing outer ring (1) of the multi-protrusion flexible structure is inner ring (11) on the inside. There are bearing outer ring inner protrusions (12) on the outside of the bearing outer ring inner ring (11) that are the same number as the bearing rolling elements (2) and are evenly distributed. There is a bearing outer ring (13) with a certain thickness on the outside of the bearing outer ring inner protrusions (12) that are the same number as the bearing outer ring inner protrusions (12) and are evenly distributed. There are bearing outer ring outer protrusions (14) on the outside of the bearing outer ring outer ring (13) that are the same number as the bearing outer ring inner protrusions (12) and are evenly distributed. A sensor (5) is provided at the root of the bearing outer ring outer protrusion (14) on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring outer ring (13). The sensor (5) is connected to an external acquisition system.

2. The intelligent bearing with a flexible outer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing outer ring inner boss (12) is located between the two bearing outer ring outer bosses (14) on both sides. The bearing outer ring inner boss (12), the two bearing outer ring outer bosses (14) on both sides of the bearing outer ring inner boss (12), and the bearing outer ring outer ring (13) together form a simply supported beam structure.

3. The intelligent bearing with a flexible outer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the inner boss (12) of the outer ring of the bearing is not less than 1 mm, and the height of the outer boss 14 of the outer ring is not less than 2 mm.

4. The intelligent bearing with a flexible outer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer ring (13) of the bearing has a thickness of 2mm. The number of bosses Z is equal to the number of bearing rolling elements (2) n, and is set according to the load and the number of bearing rolling elements (2).

5. A load testing method for a smart bearing with a flexible outer ring, characterized in that, When the radial load is applied to the inner boss (12) of the outer ring of the bearing through the inner ring (11), the load borne by the inner boss (12) of the outer ring is evenly transmitted to the two outer bosses (14) of the outer ring. At this time, the deformation at the root of the inner boss (12) and the outer boss (14) of the outer ring is the largest. And after simulation verification, the root deformation of the two outer bosses (14) of the outer ring is only related to the load of the inner boss (12) of the outer ring, and the interference of other inner bosses (12) of the outer ring is ignored. When the bearing radial clearance When the bearing rolling elements (2) distributed within an angle of less than or equal to 90° with the radial load bear the load, the bearing rolling element (2) with the smallest angle with the radial load bears the largest load, while the load of the other bearing rolling elements (2) decreases as the angle increases. When the first bearing rolling element (2) on the right side of the radial load forms an angle with the radial load, At that time, the relationship between the load on each bearing rolling element (2) and the radial load is as follows: (1) In the formula, It is the bearing radial load; It is a serial number. The load on the bearing rolling element (2), the serial number of the bearing rolling element (2). , The sequence number of the rolling element (2) of the bearing on the right side under radial load, when At that time, the sequence number of the first rolling element on the right side of the radial load Then its serial number Its load is Angle between rolling elements The load on the rolling element (2) of the bearing is directly transferred from the inner ring (11) of the outer ring to the inner boss (12) of the outer ring. The load transfer formula is as follows: (2) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss (12) of the outer ring of the bearings numbered ad, ab, and bc, The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner bosses (12) of the bearing outer ring numbered de and ef is transferred from the inner bosses (12) of the bearing outer ring to the two outer bosses (14) on both sides of the bearing outer ring via the outer ring (13). At the same time, one outer boss (14) of the bearing outer ring also bears the load of the two inner bosses (12) on both sides of the bearing outer ring. The load transfer formula is: (3) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the outer ring outer boss (14) of bearings numbered a, b, and c, The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The loads on the outer ring outer bosses (14) of bearings numbered d, e, and f; When the first bearing rolling element (2) on the right side of the radial load forms an angle with the radial load, At that time, the relationship between the load on each bearing rolling element (2) and the radial load is as follows: (4) In the formula, The bearing radial load is transferred from the inner ring (11) of the bearing outer ring to the two inner bosses (12) of the bearing outer ring. The load transfer formula is: (5) The load is then transferred from the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring to the outer ring (13) of the bearing outer ring on both sides to the two outer bosses (14) of the bearing outer ring. The load transfer formula is: (6) When the first bearing rolling element (2) on the right side of the radial load forms an angle with the radial load, At that time, the relationship between the load on the outer boss (14) of each bearing outer ring and the load on the bearing rolling element (2) is as follows: (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) In the formula, The angle between the right side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss (12) of the outer ring of the bearings numbered ad, ab, and bc, The angle between the left side and the radial load is respectively... The load on the inner boss (12) of the outer ring of the bearing with serial numbers de and ef, All are rolling element serial numbers, and related, , , , , , These are the rolling element loads corresponding to rolling elements with different serial numbers; Sensors (5) are arranged on both sides of the root of the outer ring (14) of the outer ring (13) of the bearing. The edge line of the sensor (5) coincides with the transition line of the rounded arc surface of the outer ring (14) of the bearing and is located in the middle of the bearing axial direction. Since one inner ring (12) of the bearing and the two outer rings (14) on both sides form a simply supported beam structure, the two sensors (5) between the two outer rings (14) on both sides of the inner ring (12) of the bearing are a group. The sum of the two strain values ​​of the group is the strain generated when the corresponding inner ring (12) of the bearing bears the load. ,in, These are the strain values ​​from the two sensors in strain group 1 on the left. Since the radial clearance of the tested bearing is greater than zero, a sensor (5) is arranged between two outer ring outer bosses (14) of the bearing outer ring corresponding to the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring with an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees. The strain groups are numbered 2L, 1L, 0, 1R and 2R respectively, which are used to test the strain generated by the simple beam structure corresponding to each inner ring inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring under radial load. When the rotational speed remains constant and the radial load changes, strain data of strain groups under different radial loads are obtained. The test strain data are multiple regular vibration curves with different strain values ​​but the same frequency. With the radial load constant and the rotation speed changed, strain data at different rotation speeds were obtained. The test strain data consisted of multiple regular vibration curves with similar strain values ​​but different frequencies. When the bearing inner ring (4) is under radial load Below the rotational speed During rotation, the strain gauge test data consist of multiple regular vibration curves with the same frequency and period but different strain values. ,cycle Each set of strain data corresponds to a different vibration curve; The specific steps are as follows: (1) Static calibration of force parameters (1.1) Radial load calibration: The outer ring (1) of the bearing is fixedly installed in the bearing housing. The radial load is applied to the inner ring (4) of the bearing along the y direction through the shaft. The load magnitude is controlled by a pressure testing machine. The 0 strain group is selected to calibrate the static radial load. During calibration, the bearing rolling elements (2) correspond one-to-one with the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring. The position of the bearing rolling elements (2) is... Test data for zero strain under different loads were obtained. The obtained zero strain data under different loads were then fitted using the least squares method. The slope of the fitted curve is the coefficient of relationship between radial load and strain. ; In the formula, These are the coefficients relating the static lower diameter load to the zero strain group. It is a radial load. This is the strain of the 0-strain group; (1.2) Rolling element load distribution calibration: When the bearing rolling element (2) corresponds one-to-one with the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring, the position of the bearing rolling element (2) is... At this time, the load borne by the inner boss (12) of each bearing outer ring is the load borne by the bearing rolling element (2). Based on the data of different strain groups and the principle of rolling element load distribution, we obtain (12) In the formula, These are the radial loads with the right-hand serial number as follows: The bearing rolling element load, They are numbered The strain values ​​of the strain group are not distinguished between the left and right sides at this time; They are numbered The strain-load relationship coefficients for different strain groups are assumed to be the same, considering that the corresponding simply supported beam structures for different strain groups are the same. ; (13) (14) (15) (16) Obtain strain values ​​for different strain groups Substitute into the equation That is, to obtain the coefficient of relationship between rolling element load and strain. ; When the bearing rolling elements (2) do not correspond one-to-one with the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring, the position of the bearing rolling elements (2) hour, (17) In the formula, These are the radial loads numbered on the right. The strain values ​​of the strain group, These are the radial loads numbered on the left. The strain values ​​of the strain group were obtained, and the strain values ​​of different strain groups were acquired. and Substitute into the equation That is, to obtain the position of the rolling element and the loads of each rolling element ; (2) Dynamic testing and identification of force and rotation speed (2.1) Dynamic identification of radial load: Similarly, the 0 strain group is selected to calibrate the dynamic radial load. When the shaft is rotated and applied to the inner ring (4) of the bearing, the strain data obtained is a regular vibration curve. Various characteristic values ​​are obtained and its mean value is taken. The formula for calculating radial load is as follows: (18) (2.2) Rolling element revolution speed test: The rotation of the bearing inner ring (4) drives the bearing rolling element (2) to roll. The rolling element (2) causes the load on the inner boss (12) of the bearing outer ring to change in a regular manner. The corresponding strain value is a regular vibration curve. The strain data of the 0 strain group is selected to realize the speed test. The frequency measurement method is used to obtain the average revolution speed of the rolling element, and the period measurement method is used to obtain the instantaneous revolution speed of the rolling element. Frequency measurement method: Periodic measurement method: Inner ring speed calculation formula: In the formula, It is the pulse interval time. It is the number of pulses per unit time. It is the rotational speed of the inner ring relative to the outer ring. It is the bearing pitch circle diameter. It is the orbital speed of the rolling element; (3) Dynamic component fault testing When the bearing is running normally, the strain generated by each set of sensors is a regular vibration curve. Once faults such as wear, burns, plastic deformation, fatigue pitting, and spalling occur, the resulting impact load will cause the sensor to generate an impact signal. By analyzing the frequency of the impact signal and comparing it with the fault frequency of the bearing, faults in the bearing rolling elements and inner and outer rings can be identified, and the fault can be detected.

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