Electrolyte for zinc ion battery and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. The preparation method includes: mixing potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin, then ball-milling the mixture; adding bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant; continuing ball milling to obtain a slurry; mixing an organic polymer dissolved in a solvent and a zinc salt solution with the slurry; ultrasonically dispersing and high-speed stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion; coating the dispersion onto the surface of an electrode sheet; and vacuum drying to obtain a composite electrolyte.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of zinc-ion battery technology, and in particular to an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The ever-increasing demand for portable electric devices and electric vehicles in modern society makes the development of highly efficient electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices with higher energy density particularly important. Currently, commercially available batteries are increasingly unable to meet today's needs due to their low energy density. However, the development of next-generation high-energy-density batteries is severely limited by the current defects in electrolyte systems, and breakthroughs have yet to be achieved.

[0003] Traditional electrolytes are mostly organic liquid electrolytes, used in conjunction with a separator to prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes. Organic liquid electrolytes pose risks of gas expansion and leakage during use. Furthermore, dendrites generated during charging and discharging can easily puncture the separator, leading to short circuits. While solid-state electrolytes effectively prevent liquid leakage and inhibit zinc dendrite growth and active material dissolution, their low ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor contact with the electrodes significantly impact battery capacity, especially at high rates. Additionally, side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface also affect the performance of all-solid-state batteries. As voltage or temperature increases, these side reactions further reduce the capacity of all-solid-state batteries.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop an electrolyte with high safety, good stability, and high energy density. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. This invention solves the problems of traditional liquid electrolytes, such as easy gas expansion and leakage, and traditional solid electrolytes, such as low ionic conductivity and poor cycle stability. It develops an electrolyte suitable for zinc-ion batteries, enabling zinc-ion batteries to achieve higher safety, stability, and energy density.

[0006] Therefore, in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing an electrolyte for a zinc-ion battery, comprising: Potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin are mixed and ball-milled. Bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant are then added, and ball milling continues to obtain a slurry. The organic-inorganic composite dispersant is a compound of sodium polyacrylate and at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. The organic polymer dissolved in the solvent and the zinc salt solution are then mixed with the slurry, ultrasonically dispersed and stirred at high speed to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and then vacuum dried to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin is 1:(1-5):(2-10); The amount of bacterial cellulose used is 1%-10% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin. In the organic-inorganic composite dispersant, the sodium polyacrylate is compounded with at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-2). The amount of organic-inorganic composite dispersant is 0.5%-1.5% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin.

[0008] Preferably, the solvent includes any one or more combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfate, and carbon tetrachloride; The organic polymer includes one or more combinations of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The zinc salt in the zinc salt solution includes one or more of the following: zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, zinc hexafluorophosphate, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc perchlorate, and zinc tetrafluoroborate.

[0009] More preferably, the mass ratio of the slurry, organic polymer, and zinc salt is (0.1-1):1:(0.5-2).

[0010] Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-60 minutes, the high-speed stirring rate is 400 rpm-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 minutes.

[0011] Preferably, the vacuum drying process is carried out at a temperature of 40°C-60°C for 2-12 hours.

[0012] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect above. The electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries comprises kaolin, potassium feldspar, quartz, bacterial cellulose, organic polymers, and zinc salts. The electrolyte has an ordered directional pore structure with a pore size of 5 μm to 160 μm.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a zinc-ion battery comprising the electrolyte described in the second aspect above.

[0014] This invention provides an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. The invention uses a mixture of kaolin, potassium feldspar, and quartz, ball-milled. During the ball milling process, bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant are added, followed by the addition of an organic polymer and zinc salt, forming a structure similar to the xylem vessels of a plant. This unique structure allows for the storage of a certain amount of electrolyte and the formation of three-dimensional ion channels, thereby ensuring efficient and rapid charge transport within the electrolyte. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of an electrolyte for a zinc-ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the electrolyte conduit structure; Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in battery specific capacity with the number of cycles for Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] This invention provides a method for preparing an electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method includes: Step 110: Mix potassium feldspar, quartz and kaolin and then ball mill them. Add bacterial cellulose and organic-inorganic composite dispersant and continue ball milling to obtain a slurry. The mass ratio of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin is 1:(1-5):(2-10). The amount of bacterial cellulose used is 1%-10% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin. The organic-inorganic composite dispersant is formulated by compounding sodium polyacrylate with at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-2). The amount of organic-inorganic composite dispersant used is 0.5%-1.5% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin.

[0018] Step 120: The organic polymer dissolved in the solvent and the zinc salt solution are mixed with the slurry, ultrasonically dispersed and stirred at high speed to obtain a uniform dispersion. The solvents listed above include any one or more combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfate, and carbon tetrachloride. Organic polymers include one or more combinations of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The zinc salt in the zinc salt solution includes one or more combinations of zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, zinc hexafluorophosphate, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc perchlorate, and zinc tetrafluoroborate. The solvent in the zinc salt solution is preferably deionized water.

[0019] The mass ratio of the above slurry, organic polymer, and zinc salt is (0.1-1):1:(0.5-2).

[0020] The ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-60 minutes, the high-speed stirring rate is 400 rpm-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 minutes.

[0021] Step 130: The dispersion is coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and then vacuum dried to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0022] The temperature for vacuum drying is 40℃-60℃, and the drying time is 2 hours-12 hours.

[0023] The electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries prepared by the above method of the present invention comprises kaolin, potassium feldspar, quartz, bacterial cellulose, organic polymers, and zinc salts. The electrolyte has an ordered, directional porous structure, exhibiting a highly ordered structure. The microstructure of this ordered pore is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the structure resembles the xylem vessels of a plant, with pore sizes ranging from 5 μm to 160 μm. This unique directional pore structure allows for the storage of a certain amount of electrolyte and the formation of three-dimensional ion channels, thereby ensuring efficient and rapid charge transport within the electrolyte.

[0024] The electrolyte of this invention, when used in zinc-ion batteries, can solve the problems of traditional liquid electrolytes being prone to gas expansion and leakage, and traditional solid electrolytes having low ionic conductivity and poor cycle stability, thus enabling zinc-ion batteries to achieve higher safety, stability, and energy density.

[0025] To better understand the technical solution provided by the present invention, the following uses several specific examples to illustrate the specific process of preparing an electrolyte for a zinc-ion battery using the method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, and the characteristics of applying it to a zinc-ion battery.

[0026] Example 1 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0027] Preparation of the positive electrode: Manganese dioxide, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride were placed in an agate mortar in a mass ratio of 7:2:1 and ground evenly. Then, N-methylpyrrolidone was added and ground until a slurry was formed. The slurry was coated onto a stainless steel foil current collector and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the manganese dioxide positive electrode.

[0028] A quasi-solid electrolyte was coated onto the negative electrode surface using a solution coating method. The electrode was assembled in the following order under ambient air temperature: positive electrode shell, MnO2 positive electrode sheet, Zn negative electrode, gasket, spring, and negative electrode cap. The electrolyte was a small amount of 2.0 mol·L⁻¹. -1 ZnSO4 + 0.1 mol·L -1 Aqueous solutions of MnSO4 were used to obtain a quasi-solid-state Zn / / MnO2 full cell. The cell was subjected to constant current charge-discharge cycle testing at a current density of 500 mAh / g, with a discharge cutoff voltage of 0.8 V and a charge cutoff voltage of 1.8 V.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 Under the same conditions, the battery was prepared using the method described above, with an electrolyte of 2.0 mol·L⁻¹. -1 ZnSO4 + 0.1 mol·L -1 A Zn / / MnO2 full cell was obtained by using an aqueous solution of MnSO4, and the cell was subjected to constant current charge-discharge cycle testing.

[0030] Example 2 Mix 35g of kaolin, 3.5g of potassium feldspar and 3.5g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant composed of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. After mixing the above mixed solution with the above slurry, ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 500 rpm for 40 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0031] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0032] Example 3 Mix 10g of kaolin, 5g of potassium feldspar and 25g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a speed of 500 rpm for 60 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0033] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0034] Example 4 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 0.4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant composed of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 60 minutes and stir at a rate of 400 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0035] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0036] Example 5 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.4g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. 40g of PVDF was dissolved in ethyl acetate and then mixed with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution was then mixed with the slurry and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes and stirred at a rate of 600 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0037] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0038] Example 6 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant composed of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium tripolyphosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0039] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0040] Example 7 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF and PVC in ethyl acetate, then mix with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 800 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0041] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0042] Example 8 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in toluene, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0043] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0044] Example 9 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. 40g of PVDF was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and then mixed with 40g of zinc chloride and zinc bromide and deionized water to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution was then mixed with the slurry and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes and stirred at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0045] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0046] Example 10 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. 400g of PVDF was dissolved in ethyl acetate and then mixed with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution was then mixed with the slurry and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes and stirred at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0047] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0048] Example 11 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. 40g of PVDF was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and then 80g of zinc chloride was mixed with a zinc salt solution formed by deionized water to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution was then mixed with the slurry and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes and stirred at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0049] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0050] Example 12 Mix 20g of kaolin, 10g of potassium feldspar and 10g of quartz, and ball mill for 2 hours. Then add 4g of bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant consisting of 0.2g of sodium polyacrylate and 0.2g of sodium pyrophosphate, and ball mill for another 2 hours to obtain a slurry. Dissolve 40g of PVDF in ethyl acetate, then mix it with a zinc salt solution formed by 40g of zinc chloride and deionized water to form a mixed solution. Mix the above mixed solution with the above slurry, then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes and stir at a rate of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and dried in a vacuum constant temperature drying oven at 40°C for 2 hours to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0051] The battery was assembled according to the method of Example 1 above, and its electrochemical cycle performance was evaluated by testing and recorded in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1 Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in specific capacity of the batteries in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as a function of cycle number. A comparison of the comparative and example batteries shows that the battery assembled using the electrolyte prepared according to this invention has a lower specific capacity in the first cycle compared to a Zn / / MnO2 full cell using an electrolyte. However, after 500 cycles, the battery prepared according to this invention has a higher specific capacity and a much higher capacity retention rate than the battery assembled in the comparative example. This demonstrates that assembling a battery using the electrolyte of this invention significantly improves the battery's cycle stability and effectively prevents problems such as liquid leakage and dendrite growth compared to liquid electrolytes. The preparation method of this invention is low-cost, simple, and has high zinc ion conductivity, which can significantly improve battery rate performance and cycle stability.

[0053] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the preparation of an electrolyte for a zinc-ion battery, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: Potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin are mixed and ball-milled. Bacterial cellulose and an organic-inorganic composite dispersant are then added, and ball milling continues to obtain a slurry. The organic-inorganic composite dispersant is a compound of sodium polyacrylate and at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. The organic polymer dissolved in the solvent and the zinc salt solution are then mixed with the slurry, ultrasonically dispersed and stirred at high speed to obtain a uniform dispersion. The dispersion was coated onto the surface of the electrode sheet and then vacuum dried to obtain the composite electrolyte.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The mass ratio of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin is 1:(1-5):(2-10); The amount of bacterial cellulose used is 1%-10% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin. In the organic-inorganic composite dispersant, the sodium polyacrylate is compounded with at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-2). The amount of organic-inorganic composite dispersant is 0.5%-1.5% of the total mass of potassium feldspar, quartz, and kaolin.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent includes any one or more combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfate, and carbon tetrachloride. The organic polymer includes one or more combinations of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The zinc salt in the zinc salt solution includes one or more of the following: zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, zinc hexafluorophosphate, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc perchlorate, and zinc tetrafluoroborate.

4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized by, The mass ratio of the slurry, organic polymer, and zinc salt is (0.1-1):1:(0.5-2).

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-60 minutes, the high-speed stirring rate is 400 rpm-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 minutes.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The vacuum drying process is carried out at a temperature of 40℃-60℃ for 2 hours to 12 hours.

7. Electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries, prepared according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolyte used in the zinc-ion battery comprises kaolin, potassium feldspar, quartz, bacterial cellulose, organic polymers, and zinc salts; the electrolyte has an ordered directional pore structure with a pore size of 5 μm to 160 μm.

8. A zinc-ion battery, characterized in that, The zinc-ion battery includes the electrolyte described in claim 7.

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