Tower crane balancing structure and installation method

Abstract

The application discloses a tower crane balance structure and mounting method, and mainly relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment installation. The balance structure comprises a balance arm, a basket mechanism and a counterweight unit. The tail of the balance arm is provided with a mounting window. The basket mechanism is fixed with the mounting window. The counterweight unit is fixed in the basket mechanism and comprises two hinged first counterweight blocks and second counterweight blocks. The first counterweight blocks and / or the second counterweight blocks are provided with first hanging rings. The bottom sides of the end faces of the first counterweight blocks and the second counterweight blocks away from each other are respectively provided with limiting blocks. The top surfaces of the first counterweight blocks and the second counterweight blocks are provided with limiting grooves. The limiting grooves comprise a guide part and a limiting part in communication. The guide part is a horn mouth structure. The limiting part corresponds to the thickness and the projection position of the limiting blocks below. The application has the beneficial effects that the step-by-step hoisting and mounting of the transversely combined counterweight unit can be realized, the counterweight is stable, and the fixing effect and the relaxation ability are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lifting equipment installation technology, specifically a tower crane balancing structure and installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Tower cranes are commonly used lifting equipment on construction sites, docks, and other similar locations. They are large, complex lifting machines with a wide range of applications. The lifting function of a tower crane mainly relies on the counterweight and the counterbalance jib. The counterweight is a crucial component of a tower crane, used to balance the forces of the crane's jib and the load, achieving system balance and ensuring the stability and safety of the lifted items. The structure and installation of the counterweight are extremely important, directly affecting the normal operation of the tower crane.

[0003] Given the importance of counterweights, the configuration and weight of the counterweights for each tower crane must be assembled strictly according to the instruction manual. Before raising the tower, the top structure must be installed first. This mainly includes the jib, counterweight boom, and operator's cab. During the installation of the counterweight boom, one counterweight is hoisted first, and after the jib installation is complete, the remaining counterweights are hoisted and installed. Based on this construction sequence, vertical counterweights are more common because they facilitate high-altitude hoisting and downward installation. However, after assembly, vertical counterweights are usually supported on positioning plates by pins on both sides. However, this type of counterweight structure commonly presents the following safety issues:

[0004] Firstly, due to the slack in installation space, and the fact that the pins often rust and become damaged due to long-term load-bearing, wear, and exposure to sun and rain, there are even cases where the pins fall into the gap between the positioning plate and the installation position during engineering safety inspections, which is a common construction hazard.

[0005] Secondly, vertically installed counterweights often have empty spaces at the rear end of the counterweight arm. The lack of protective measures at these empty counterweight locations is also a common hidden danger during inspections.

[0006] Furthermore, the counterweights mainly rely on the inclined surface on the top side of the positioning plate to be clustered together, and there are gaps and installation gaps. This causes significant swaying and gaps between the vertically installed counterweights during severe convective weather. The swaying of the heavy weight is very dangerous and increases the degree of swaying at the top of the tower crane, increasing the risk of tipping over.

[0007] Due to the aforementioned potential problems with vertical counterweights, some tower cranes use a combined counterweight with a basket structure. However, the counterweight in this type of structure can only be installed as a whole on the ground, making it impossible to lift it into the air or install it in stages, which limits its application in large tower cranes. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tower crane balancing structure and installation method, which enables the step-by-step hoisting and installation of horizontally combined counterweight units, and the counterweight is stable, with significantly improved fixing effect and loosening capability.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0010] A tower crane balancing structure includes a counterweight boom, a basket mechanism, and a counterweight unit;

[0011] The tail of the balance arm has an installation window, and beams are provided around the installation window;

[0012] The counterweight unit includes two symmetrically arranged first counterweight blocks and second counterweight blocks. One end of the first counterweight block and one end of the second counterweight block are hinged together at the bottom. The first counterweight block and / or the second counterweight block are provided with a first hanging ring. The bottom sides of the end faces of the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block that are far apart from each other are respectively provided with limiting blocks. The top surfaces of the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block are provided with strip-shaped protrusions that are in the same direction as their length. The strip-shaped protrusions are provided with limiting grooves that extend along their length. The limiting grooves include a guide part and a limiting part that are connected. The limiting part corresponds to the projection position of the limiting block below it, and the groove width of the limiting part corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block. The end of the guide part that is connected to the limiting part is the same width as the limiting part, and the end of the guide part that is away from the guide part is wider than the limiting part. The guide parts on the first counterweight block and the guide parts on the second counterweight block are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0013] The suspended platform mechanism includes a support frame at its bottom, which is a rectangular frame structure adapted to the counterweight unit. Angle irons extending vertically upwards are provided at the four corners of the support frame. Each angle iron has a right-angle structure with its inside corners facing inwards. Each angle iron includes vertically connected outer and side baffles. The minimum spacing between the outer baffles corresponds to the length of the counterweight unit in its flat state, and the minimum spacing between the side baffles corresponds to the width of the counterweight unit in its flat state. A connecting frame corresponding to the size of the installation window is fixed above the angle iron, and a load-bearing frame larger than the installation window is fixed above the connecting frame.

[0014] The upper part of the end faces of the first and second counterweights that are far apart from each other is provided with protruding bosses. The outer end of the limiting block extends outward and downward and has an arc-shaped sliding surface at the outer end. The sliding surface is tangent to the end face of the boss and protrudes from the bottom surface of the first or second counterweight.

[0015] Two mounting slots are symmetrically provided below each of the bosses. The width of the mounting slots is adapted to the thickness of the counterweight. The limiting block is detachably fixed in the mounting slot. Mounting holes are respectively provided on the counterweight, the side wall of the mounting slot, and the limiting block. Mounting pins are provided in the mounting holes. Nuts are threaded into both ends or one end of the mounting pin.

[0016] A mounting platform protruding from the first inner side is provided on the top surface of the first counterweight block. A groove is provided on the top surface of the second counterweight block corresponding to the mounting platform, so that when the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block are horizontally laid out, the mounting platform is located in the groove. A first hanging ring is provided on the top of the mounting platform, and the first hanging ring is centrally positioned relative to the entire horizontally laid counterweight unit.

[0017] The side of the first counterweight adjacent to the second counterweight is the first inner side, and the side of the second counterweight adjacent to the first counterweight is the second inner side. The bottom sides of the first and second inner sides have chamfered surfaces. When the first hanging ring is lifted, the first and second counterweights form a "∧" shape and their chamfered surfaces abut against each other.

[0018] The support frame includes two horizontal beams and two vertical beams forming a rectangular outer frame. The two ends of the vertical beams are respectively fixed to the outer ends of the horizontal beams. A guide channel runs through the vertical beam along its length. The center of the guide channel is a wide rhombus. The width of the two ends of the guide channel corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block. The width of the two guide channels corresponds to the distance between the two limiting blocks located on the first counterweight / second counterweight.

[0019] It also includes a locking rod, which is a gate-shaped structure, including a connecting rod in the middle and insert rods located at both ends of the connecting rod and perpendicular to the connecting rod. Positioning holes are provided at both ends of the counterweight unit. The positioning holes are located on the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block, respectively. When the counterweight unit is flat, the positioning holes are vertical. The spacing of the insert rods corresponds to the spacing of the two positioning holes. The insert rods are movably inserted into the positioning holes. The length of the insert rods is not less than 2 / 3 of the length of the angle iron.

[0020] The width inside the connecting frame is greater than the width of the support frame. The overall length of the connecting frame corresponds to the maximum vertical distance between the outer baffles. A cover plate is placed on the top surface of the connecting frame. The size of the cover plate corresponds to the size inside the load-bearing frame. Insertion holes corresponding to the positioning holes are passed through the cover plate.

[0021] and / or

[0022] The load-bearing frame has multiple upper through holes, and the beam plate around the installation window is provided with lower through holes corresponding to the positions of the upper through holes. The upper through holes and the lower through holes are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0023] The installation method of the above-mentioned tower crane balancing structure includes the following steps:

[0024] s1, Assemble the counterweight arm on the ground and install the suspended platform mechanism inside the installation window;

[0025] s2, hoist the already installed counterweight boom and install the counterweight boom to the tower body;

[0026] s3, use the first hanging ring to hook and lift the counterweight unit. After being lifted, the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block form a "∧" shape.

[0027] s4, the counterweight unit in the shape of "∧" is lowered into the basket mechanism, and after the bottom limiting block is in the guide channel, the counterweight unit unfolds to both sides under its own weight. Thus, under the guidance of the limiting channel, the four corners of the counterweight unit in the unfolded state are respectively inserted into the inside corners of the angle iron, thereby limiting the bottom counterweight unit.

[0028] S5, loosen the hook on the first hanging ring and install the lifting boom;

[0029] s6. After the crane boom is installed, the remaining counterweight units are lifted using the method in s3 and lowered into the basket mechanism in sequence. When lowering, the guide block on the bottom side of the counterweight unit is positioned in the uppermost limiting groove. Under its own weight, the counterweight unit unfolds to both sides. Guided by the limiting groove, the four corners of the counterweight unit in the unfolded state are respectively inserted into the inside corners of the angle iron.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] Through improvements to the balancing structure and installation method, the phased hoisting and installation of horizontally positioned counterweight units can be achieved. During hoisting, the central hinge and self-weight of the counterweight unit reduce its length, facilitating penetration and installation. Simultaneously, during descent, its self-weight flattens it and engages with the internal corners of the angle iron, effectively limiting the position of the four corner endpoints. Combined with the fixing of the basket mechanism and the counterweight arm, the counterweight structure is securely fixed and will not loosen even under tower swaying. Compared to existing counterweight support and installation methods, safety is significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tail of the balance arm of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the suspended platform mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight unit and locking rod of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a bottom schematic diagram of the counterweight unit of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight unit of the present invention, which is shaped like a "∧".

[0038] Figure 7 This is a top view of the counterweight unit of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight unit and lifting device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the internal structure.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] The labels shown in the attached diagram:

[0044] 1. Boom; 2. Beam plate; 3. Mounting window; 4. First counterweight; 5. Second counterweight; 6. Hinge shaft; 7. Hinge seat; 8. Limiting block; 9. Sliding surface; 10. Boss; 11. Mounting groove; 12. Mounting hole; 13. Clearance groove; 14. Strip boss; 15. Limiting groove; 16. Guide part; 17. Limiting part; 18. Mounting platform; 19. First hanging ring; 20. Groove; 21. Crossbeam; 22. 23. Longitudinal beam; 24. Guide channel; 25. Support beam; 26. Angle iron; 27. Outer baffle; 28. Side baffle; 29. ​​Connecting frame; 20. Load-bearing frame; 31. Upper through hole; 32. Cover plate; 33. Locking rod; 34. Insertion hole; 35. Through hole; 36. Positioning hole; 37. Plug; 38. Strip groove; 39. Slide rod; 40. Third hanging ring; 41. Hook plate; 42. Chamfered surface; 43. Hanging rod. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined in this application.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0047] Example 1: Improvement of Tower Crane Counterbalance Arm and Installation Method

[0048] The tower crane's balancing system includes the counterweight boom, counterweight unit, and cradle mechanism. The counterweight adopts a combination of the counterweight unit and the cradle mechanism. Through improvements to the cradle and counterweight, it can achieve step-by-step high-altitude hoisting.

[0049] 1. Counterweight unit

[0050] The counterweight unit includes two hinged counterweight blocks, namely the first counterweight block 4 and the second counterweight block 5.

[0051] The first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 have corresponding cross-sections and sizes, and the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 have similar weights, or the first counterweight 4 is slightly heavier than the second counterweight 5.

[0052] The side of the first counterweight 4 adjacent to the second counterweight 5 is the first inner side surface, and the side of the second counterweight 5 away from the second counterweight 5 is the first outer side surface. The side of the second counterweight 5 adjacent to the first counterweight 4 is the second inner side surface, and the side of the second counterweight 5 away from the first counterweight 4 is the second outer side surface.

[0053] The bottom ends of the first inner side are respectively provided with hinge shafts 6 fixed to the first counterweight 4, and the bottom ends of the second inner side are respectively provided with hinge seats 7 fixed to the second counterweight 5. The hinge seats 7 have bushings that pass through and fit with the hinge shafts 6. This achieves hinge connection between the two counterweights at the bottom of adjacent end faces. Based on this hinge connection, when the first inner side is upright and in contact with the second inner side, both the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 are horizontal.

[0054] Limiting blocks 8 are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom edge of the first outer side and at the edge of the bottom edge of the second outer side. The structure and installation method of the limiting blocks 8 of the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 are the same.

[0055] The upper part of the first outer side and the upper part of the second outer side are respectively provided with protruding bosses 10. The bottom side of the bosses 10 forms a stepped structure above the limiting block 8. The outer end of the limiting block 8 extends outward and downward and has an arc-shaped sliding surface 9 at the outer end, which facilitates sliding on the plane under pressure. The sliding surface 9 protrudes from the first or second outer side and does not exceed the bosses 10 or is tangent to the bosses 10. The sliding surface 9 protrudes from the bottom surface of the first counterweight 4 or the bottom surface of the second counterweight 5. Based on the above cooperation, when the counterweight unit is lifted in the center to form a "∧" state, it is supported by the four limiting blocks 8 located on the bottom side of the outer side. When the counterweight unit is gradually flattened (the angle between the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 gradually increases until it is 180 degrees coplanar), the outer end of the limiting block 8 protrudes downward from the bottom surface of the counterweight unit. And when the counterweight unit is flattened, the sliding surface 9 does not exceed the outer upright end face of the bosses 10.

[0056] The counterweight is usually constructed using a steel frame combined with cast cement, or directly using a metal casting structure. Therefore, it does not require replacement due to localized damage. Since the limiting block 8 is the main pressure-bearing component during use and is prone to wear, in order to maintain the fit between the limiting block 8 and the limiting groove 15 and ensure smooth installation, the limiting block 8 is a detachable component. The specific structure is as follows:

[0057] Taking the first counterweight 4 as an example, the bottom side of the first outer surface is provided with mounting grooves 11 near the two ends. The width of the mounting groove 11 is adapted to the thickness of the counterweight, and the shape of the counterweight matches the mounting groove 11. When the counterweight is inserted into the mounting groove 11, the outer end of the counterweight extends downward and outward, and its sliding surface 9 protrudes from the first outer surface and the bottom surface of the first counterweight 4.

[0058] Mounting holes 12 are respectively provided on the side wall of the counterweight, the mounting groove 11, and the limiting block 8. The mounting holes 12 can be threaded holes or ordinary through holes 34. If they are ordinary through holes 34, mounting pins are used for installation. The mounting pins pass through the mounting holes 12 on the mounting groove 11 and the limiting block 8 in sequence, and both ends of the mounting pins are provided with external threads. The mounting pins are fixed to the mounting groove 11 by nuts. To facilitate installation, a clearance groove 13 is also provided in the middle of the first outer side. The inner end of the mounting pin passes through the side wall of the mounting groove 11 and is exposed in the clearance groove 13, allowing for convenient operation of the mounting pin and nut within the clearance groove 13. This structure allows for easy replacement of the limiting block 8, ensuring the integrity of the counterweight.

[0059] The installation structure of the second counterweight 5 and the limiting block 8 is the same as that of the first counterweight 4, and the mounting groove 11 is also set at the corresponding position on the second outer side.

[0060] The top surfaces of the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 are respectively provided with strip-shaped protrusions 14. The length of the strip-shaped protrusions 14 corresponds to the length of the first counterweight 4 or the second counterweight 5. The strip-shaped protrusions 14 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the first counterweight 4 and on both sides of the second counterweight 5.

[0061] The strip-shaped protrusion 14 is provided with a limiting groove 15 extending along its length. The limiting groove 15 includes a centrally located and connected guide portion 16 and a limiting portion 17. The limiting portion 17 is located near the first outer side or the second outer side. The width of the limiting portion 17 corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block 8. The end of the guide portion 16 that is connected to the limiting portion 17 is the same width as the limiting portion 17. The end of the guide portion 16 that is away from the limiting portion 17 is wider than the limiting portion 17, making the guide portion 16 a trapezoidal trumpet shape extending from the first inner side or the second inner side to the limiting portion 17. When the limiting block 8 falls, it is first located in the wider guide portion 16, and then gradually guided to the limiting portion 17 as it falls and flattens, aligning the sides of the stacked counterweight units.

[0062] In this example, a suitable structure for easy hoisting is adopted. A mounting platform 18 protruding from the first inner side is provided on the top surface of the first counterweight 4 near the first inner side. A groove 20 is provided on the top surface of the second counterweight 5 corresponding to the mounting platform 18. When the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 are horizontally laid out, the mounting platform 18 is located within the groove 20. A first hanging ring 19 is provided on the top of the mounting platform 18, and the first hanging ring 19 is centrally positioned relative to the entire horizontally laid counterweight unit. This ensures that the counterweight unit forms a "∧" shape after hoisting, facilitating automatic flattening under gravity upon landing.

[0063] 2. Suspended platform mechanism

[0064] The suspended platform mechanism is a rectangular frame structure, including a support frame at the bottom. The length of the support frame corresponds to the width of the counterweight unit and the length of the counterweight unit in its flat state. The support frame includes two horizontal beams 21 and two vertical beams 22 forming the rectangular outer frame. The two ends of the vertical beams 22 are respectively fixed to the outer ends of the horizontal beams 21. A guide channel 23 runs through the vertical beams 22 along its length. The center of the guide channel 23 is a wide rhombus. The width of the two ends of the guide channel 23 corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block 8. The width of the two guide channels 23 corresponds to the distance between the two limiting blocks 8 on the first counterweight block 4 / second counterweight block 5. This allows the limiting block 8 to fall into the guide channel 23 easily when the counterweight unit is dropped onto the support frame in a "∧" shape due to the wider middle width. As the counterweight unit flattens, it gradually positions itself on the support frame.

[0065] Multiple support beams 24 are provided between the longitudinal beams 22. The top surface of the support beams 24 is coplanar with the top surface of the longitudinal beams 22 and is used to support the bottom surface of the counterweight unit.

[0066] The support frame has upwardly extending angle irons 25 at each of its four corners. Each angle iron 25 has a right-angle structure with its internal corners facing inwards. Each angle iron 25 includes an integrally formed outer baffle 26 and side baffles 27 that are vertically connected. The minimum spacing between the outer baffles 26 corresponds to the length of the counterweight unit in its flat state (i.e., the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface). The minimum spacing between the side baffles 27 corresponds to the width of the counterweight unit in its flat state. This ensures that the corners of the counterweight unit in its flat state align with the internal corners of the baffles at each of the four corners, thus firmly confining it within the frame structure formed by the angle irons 25.

[0067] The above-mentioned frame's basket structure can effectively limit the counterweight unit, prevent large gaps, and eliminate swaying caused by swinging. In addition, the angle iron 25 has an open structure, leaving enough space for non-precision operations such as hoisting and lowering.

[0068] The top of the angle iron 25 is provided with a connecting frame 28, which is formed by welding multiple layers of square steel to the top of the angle iron 25. The inner width of the connecting frame 28 is larger than the width of the support frame. Due to its wider width, it is easier to accommodate the counterweight unit being hoisted and pass through it to the bottom. The overall length of the connecting frame 28 corresponds to the maximum vertical distance of the opposite outer baffle 26. The inner width of the connecting frame 28 is smaller than the length of the connecting frame 28.

[0069] A load-bearing frame 29 is fixedly welded to the top surface of the connecting frame 28. The load-bearing frame 29 is larger than the connecting frame 28, and therefore also larger than the mounting window 3. It is used to rest on the support structure above the mounting window 3 to achieve cooperation with the balance arm. Multiple upper through holes 30 are provided through the load-bearing frame 29 to enhance the cooperation and fixation effect with the balance arm.

[0070] 3. Balance arm

[0071] The boom 1 includes a truss structure, with railings around its perimeter and a footboard inside. Below the footboard are multiple beams 2 fixed to the boom 1. The two ends of the beams 2 are welded to the boom 1, and the beams 2 are used to improve the strength of the boom 1. The footboard is installed on the boom 1 and the beams 2.

[0072] One end of the balance arm is used to connect to the tower body, and the other end is provided with an installation window 3 that runs vertically through the tower. A beam plate 2 is laid and fixed around the perimeter of the installation window 3 to reinforce the structure at that location.

[0073] The size of the installation window 3 corresponds to that of the connection frame 28.

[0074] A lower through hole is provided on the beam plate 2 around the installation window 3, corresponding to the position of the upper through hole 30. The upper through hole 30 and the lower through hole can be fixed by pins or bolts. This improves the fixing effect on the suspended platform mechanism, so that the suspended platform mechanism is firmly fixed relative to the balance arm and will not shake due to the swing of the balance arm or the influence of airflow.

[0075] 4. Attachments and Additional Structures

[0076] To seal off the empty space, eliminate safety hazards, and further enhance the stability of the counterweight unit stacked within the suspended platform mechanism, the following accessories are also included: cover plate 31 and locking rod 32.

[0077] The size of the cover plate 31 corresponds to the size of the load-bearing frame 29. When it is placed inside the load-bearing frame 29, it can seal the exposed space inside the load-bearing frame 29 and fall naturally onto the top surface of the connecting frame 28.

[0078] Positioning holes 35 are provided at both ends of the counterweight unit. The positioning holes 35 are located on the first counterweight block 4 and the second counterweight block 5 respectively. When the counterweight unit is laid flat (i.e. the first counterweight block 4 and the second counterweight block 5 are at a flat angle), the positioning holes 35 are vertical.

[0079] When the counterweight unit is laid flat and stacked in the basket mechanism, a through hole 34 corresponding to the positioning hole 35 is provided on the connecting frame 28. The through hole 34 is used to strengthen the limit and can be used to replace the insertion hole 33 on the cover plate 31 when the cover plate 31 is not available. It is a non-essential structure.

[0080] The cover plate 31 has two insertion holes 33 corresponding to the positioning hole 35.

[0081] The locking rod 32 has a gate-shaped structure, including a connecting rod in the middle and insert rods located at both ends of the connecting rod and perpendicular to the connecting rod. The insert rods are movably inserted into the positioning holes 35. The specific usage method is as follows.

[0082] Method 1: Insert the two parallel rods of the locking rod 32 through the insertion hole 33 on the cover plate 31, the through hole 34 (optional) on the connecting frame 28, and the positioning hole 35 on the counterweight unit, and make the connecting rod of the locking rod 32 fall on the cover plate 31.

[0083] Method 2: Insert both rods of the locking rod 32 into the positioning hole 35 on the counterweight unit from top to bottom simultaneously.

[0084] In severe convective weather, if the upper part of the tower shakes violently, it faces the risk of collapse. At this time, most of the existing counterweights will also shake, creating significant gaps between them. Moreover, as the tower tilts and sways, the counterweights cannot maintain their support from the positioning plates and may be thrown off. This situation is rare but extremely dangerous.

[0085] Since tower cranes are mostly secured to the staircase side via tie rods, in the event of a tower collapse, the support structure will likely cause the tower to tilt towards the staircase. However, if components of the tower are thrown off, it could pose an incalculable and significant risk.

[0086] After the locking rod 32 locks most or all of the counterweight units located in the suspended basket mechanism, even under violent shaking, the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 can be locked in a flat, angled state, thus remaining firmly confined within the inside corner of the angle iron 25.

[0087] Method 1 allows for easy operation by workers, making it convenient to lift the locking rod 32. Furthermore, the downward movement of the fork helps to secure the cover plate 31.

[0088] Method two requires workers to lower themselves to lift the locking rod 32. However, the cover plate 31 can be easily lifted at any time to check the situation below.

[0089] The bottom longitudinal beam 22, transverse beam 21 and support beam 24 avoid the position of the positioning hole 35, so that the locking rod 32 can be inserted downward without restriction.

[0090] Based on the above structure, the improved installation method for the balance arm is as follows:

[0091] S1. Assemble the balance arm on the ground and install the suspended platform mechanism inside the installation window 3. Secure the load-bearing frame 29 with bolts / pins.

[0092] s2, lift the already installed counterweight boom, pin the boom root to the slewing tower body, continue to lift the counterweight boom so that its tail end is raised at a certain angle, connect the counterweight boom tie rod, slowly lower the counterweight boom to the horizontal, carefully check the counterweight boom tie rod connection, and release the hook after it is qualified.

[0093] S3. A sling is used to lift a counterweight unit. The sling includes a flexible steel wire rope with second loops at both ends. Half of the steel wire rope is longer than the angle iron 25. One end of the steel wire rope is threaded through the first loop 19, and the two second loops are hung on the crane hook for lifting. During the lifting process, the middle of the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 gradually folds upward to form a "∧" shape.

[0094] s4, lower the hoisted counterweight unit into the basket mechanism, and after the bottom limiting block 8 is located in the guide channel 23, gradually lower the sling so that the counterweight unit unfolds to both sides under its own weight. Thus, under the guidance of the limiting channel, the four corners of the counterweight unit in the unfolded state are respectively inserted into the inside corners of the angle iron 25, thereby limiting the bottom counterweight unit.

[0095] S5, loosen the second hanging ring on the wire rope from the hook and pull one end to detach the wire rope from the first hanging ring 19.

[0096] S6. After the crane boom is installed, the remaining counterweight units are hoisted one by one and placed into the basket mechanism. The hoisting method is the same as S3 and S5. After entering the basket mechanism, the auxiliary hook makes the limiting block 8 of the hoisted counterweight unit located in the uppermost limiting groove 15. The sling is gradually lowered so that the counterweight unit spreads out to both sides under its own weight and is inserted into the inside corner of the angle iron 25 under the guidance of the limiting groove 15.

[0097] S7, place the cover plate 31 on the top surface of the connecting frame 28, and insert the locking rod 32 into the positioning hole 35 of the cover plate 31 and the counterweight unit.

[0098] Through the aforementioned structural and methodological improvements, a step-by-step hoisting and installation of the lateral square counterweight was achieved. During installation:

[0099] 1) By improving the counterweight unit, a folded structure is incorporated in the middle, allowing it to form a ∧ shape after hoisting. This shape significantly reduces the length of the counterweight unit, facilitating its passage through the connecting frame 28. After passing through, it is positioned between the four angle irons 25. The open design between the angle irons 25 accommodates roughness and sway during hoisting operations, ensuring that the hoisted counterweight falls with a certain degree of error onto the support frame or the top surface of the next counterweight. Slight manual assistance is required during descent to guide the limiting block 8 into the limiting groove 15 or guide channel 23. The central portions of the limiting groove 15 and guide channel 23 are relatively wide, facilitating easy entry.

[0100] 2) The counterweight unit is seamlessly limited by four angle irons 25. After installation, there is no gap and the gap is small. In convective weather, the counterweight unit can be stably locked in the basket mechanism and will not loosen.

[0101] 3) The counterweight unit can be further locked into a flat state by the locking rod 32, so as to maintain its limiting relationship with the angle iron 25 and further reduce the chance of loosening.

[0102] 4) The suspended platform mechanism is fixed to the platform with bolts, which are tight and secure, and will not loosen or shake.

[0103] After installation, the counterweight and the counterweight arm form a stable integrated structure that can remain firm and without increasing gaps even in severe convective weather, thus improving construction safety.

[0104] Example 2:

[0105] Lifting operations are always high-risk, and in our country, they still rely heavily on manual labor, leading to frequent safety accidents. Currently, tower crane installation still depends on close-range manual operation. Therefore, to further explore this aspect, this example, while maintaining the same basket mechanism and counterweight boom structure as in Example 1, features a different layout for the counterweight unit. The difference lies in:

[0106] For the lifting structure, the top side of the first inner side and the top side of the second inner side in this example are provided with a cavity. A hanging rod 43 is fixed in the cavity. The length direction of the hanging rod 43 corresponds to the width direction of the counterweight mechanism and is used to cooperate with the lifting device.

[0107] Furthermore, the bottom sides of the first inner side and the second inner side have chamfered surfaces 42. When the first hanging ring 19 is lifted to suspend the counterweight unit, the chamfered surfaces 42 of the first counterweight block 4 and the second counterweight block 5 come into contact, forming an auxiliary stabilization of the included angle between the two. When the two chamfered surfaces 42 abut each other, the maximum extent of their hinged folding is limited.

[0108] In this example, the bevel angle of the chamfered surface 42 is set to 33 degrees. However, the chamfering can be adjusted according to the desired folding configuration, not limited to this example.

[0109] During the lifting process, a special lifting device is used, which includes a stopper block 36. The stopper block 36 is an isosceles trapezoid, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Each side of the stopper block 36 has symmetrical mating surfaces. The angle between the mating surfaces and the horizontal plane corresponds to the slope of the chamfered surface 42. Therefore, when the chamfered surface 42 is 33 degrees, the angle between the mating surfaces and the plane is also 33 degrees. When the middle parts of the first counterweight block 4 and the second counterweight block 5 are folded upwards to contact the chamfered surface 42, the two mating surfaces can simultaneously contact the first inner surface and the second inner surface. This serves two purposes: firstly, to aid in stability, and secondly, to prevent the counterweight unit from flattening.

[0110] Two mating surfaces are provided with strip grooves 37, and the two strip grooves 37 are staggered so that the hook plates do not affect each other when they fall.

[0111] A sliding rod 38 is provided within the strip groove 37. A sliding sleeve is fitted onto the sliding rod 38, and a sliding plate 39 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve. The upper side of the sliding plate 39 contacts the mating surface to help maintain the up-and-down sliding direction. A hook plate 41 is provided on the bottom side of the sliding plate 39. Two hook plates 41 have hook heads that are bent relative to each other. A third hanging ring 40 is provided on the top side of the hook plate 41. A steel wire rope is connected to the third hanging ring 40. The steel wire rope between the two third hanging rings 40 can be a single rope, or a hanging ring structure can be added to the top of the steel wire rope.

[0112] Based on the above improvements to the lifting process, lifting equipment can be used during installation. Correspondingly, steps s3 and s5 in the above installation method can be changed as follows:

[0113] S3, on the ground, fold the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5 so that the chamfered surfaces 42 are in contact. With manual assistance, place the stopper 36 between the first inner side and the second inner side, and lift the slide plate 39 so that the two hook plates 41 hook the two hanging rods 43 from the outside. Fix the top of the wire rope to the hook for lifting. During the lifting process, under the weight of the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 5, they tend to open outward to the maximum extent. With the assistance of the stopper 36, the hook head is firmly attached to the hanging rod 43.

[0114] s5, during the falling process, the counterweight unit gradually flattens out, pushing the block 36 upward between the first inner side and the second inner side, and the two hanging rods 43 move inward to disengage from the hook plate 41, and then the hook plate 41 can be lifted up.

[0115] Based on the structure and method of this example, the automated operation of lowering the counterweight unit into the basket mechanism can be realized. The release of the lifting device and the counterweight unit can be done without human assistance. Thus, during assembly, personnel can stay away from the tail of the counterweight boom, providing a technical foundation for the industry to further realize unmanned intelligent operation.

Claims

1. A tower crane balancing structure, characterized in that, Includes a counterweight arm, a suspended platform mechanism, and a counterweight unit; The tail of the balance arm has an installation window, and beams are provided around the installation window; The counterweight unit includes two symmetrically arranged first counterweight blocks and second counterweight blocks. One end of the first counterweight block and one end of the second counterweight block are hinged together at the bottom. The first counterweight block and / or the second counterweight block are provided with a first hanging ring. The bottom sides of the end faces of the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block that are far apart from each other are respectively provided with limiting blocks. The top surfaces of the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block are provided with strip-shaped protrusions that are in the same direction as their length. The strip-shaped protrusions are provided with limiting grooves that extend along their length. The limiting grooves include a guide part and a limiting part that are connected. The limiting part corresponds to the projection position of the limiting block below it, and the groove width of the limiting part corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block. The end of the guide part that is connected to the limiting part is the same width as the limiting part, and the end of the guide part that is away from the guide part is wider than the limiting part. The guide parts on the first counterweight block and the guide parts on the second counterweight block are arranged adjacent to each other. The suspended platform mechanism includes a support frame at its bottom, which is a rectangular frame structure adapted to the counterweight unit. Angle irons extending vertically upwards are provided at the four corners of the support frame. Each angle iron has a right-angle structure with its inside corners facing inwards. Each angle iron includes vertically connected outer and side baffles. The minimum spacing between the outer baffles corresponds to the length of the counterweight unit in its flat state, and the minimum spacing between the side baffles corresponds to the width of the counterweight unit in its flat state. A connecting frame corresponding to the size of the installation window is fixed above the angle iron, and a load-bearing frame larger than the installation window is fixed above the connecting frame.

2. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the end faces of the first and second counterweights that are far apart from each other is provided with protruding bosses. The outer end of the limiting block extends outward and downward and has an arc-shaped sliding surface at the outer end. The sliding surface is tangent to the end face of the boss and protrudes from the bottom surface of the first or second counterweight.

3. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two mounting slots are symmetrically provided below each of the bosses. The width of the mounting slots is adapted to the thickness of the counterweight. The limiting block is detachably fixed in the mounting slot. Mounting holes are respectively provided on the counterweight, the side wall of the mounting slot, and the limiting block. Mounting pins are provided in the mounting holes. Nuts are threaded into both ends or one end of the mounting pin.

4. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mounting platform protruding from the first inner side is provided on the top surface of the first counterweight block. A groove is provided on the top surface of the second counterweight block corresponding to the mounting platform, so that when the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block are horizontally laid out, the mounting platform is located in the groove. A first hanging ring is provided on the top of the mounting platform, and the first hanging ring is centrally positioned relative to the entire horizontally laid counterweight unit.

5. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the first counterweight adjacent to the second counterweight is the first inner side, and the side of the second counterweight adjacent to the first counterweight is the second inner side. The bottom sides of the first and second inner sides have chamfered surfaces. When the first hanging ring is lifted, the first and second counterweights form a "∧" shape and their chamfered surfaces abut against each other.

6. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support frame includes two horizontal beams and two vertical beams forming a rectangular outer frame. The two ends of the vertical beams are respectively fixed to the outer ends of the horizontal beams. A guide channel runs through the vertical beams along their length. The center of the guide channel is a wide rhombus. The width of the two ends of the guide channel corresponds to the thickness of the limiting block. The width of the two guide channels corresponds to the distance between the two limiting blocks located on the first counterweight / second counterweight.

7. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width inside the connecting frame is greater than the width of the supporting frame, and the overall length of the connecting frame corresponds to the maximum vertical distance between the outer baffles.

8. The tower crane balancing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a locking rod, which is a gate-shaped structure, including a connecting rod in the middle and insert rods located at both ends of the connecting rod and perpendicular to the connecting rod. Positioning holes are provided at both ends of the counterweight unit, respectively, on the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block. When the counterweight unit is flat, the positioning holes are vertical. The spacing of the insert rods corresponds to the spacing of the two positioning holes. The insert rods are movably inserted into the positioning holes. The length of the insert rods is not less than 2 / 3 of the length of the angle iron.

9. A tower crane balancing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The overall length of the connecting frame corresponds to the maximum vertical distance between the outer baffles. A cover plate is placed on the top surface of the connecting frame. The size of the cover plate corresponds to the inner size of the load-bearing frame. Insertion holes corresponding to the positioning holes are passed through the cover plate. and / or The load-bearing frame has multiple upper through holes, and the beam plate around the installation window is provided with lower through holes corresponding to the positions of the upper through holes. The upper through holes and the lower through holes are fixedly connected by bolts.

10. The installation method of a tower crane balancing structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: s1, Assemble the counterweight arm on the ground and install the suspended platform mechanism inside the installation window; s2, hoist the already installed counterweight boom and install the counterweight boom to the tower body; s3, use the first hanging ring to hook and lift the counterweight unit. After being lifted, the first counterweight block and the second counterweight block form a "∧" shape. s4, the counterweight unit in the shape of "∧" is dropped into the basket mechanism, and after the bottom limiting block is in the guide channel, the counterweight unit unfolds to both sides under its own weight. Thus, under the guidance of the limiting channel, the four corners of the counterweight unit in the unfolded state are respectively inserted into the inside corners of the angle iron, thereby limiting the bottom counterweight unit. S5, loosen the hook on the first hanging ring and install the lifting boom; S6. After the crane boom is installed, the remaining counterweight units are lifted using the method in S3 and lowered into the basket mechanism in sequence. When lowering, the guide block on the bottom side of the counterweight unit is positioned in the uppermost limiting groove. Under its own weight, the counterweight unit unfolds to both sides. Under the guidance of the limiting groove, the four corners of the counterweight unit in the unfolded state are respectively inserted into the inside corners of the angle iron.

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