Mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of downhole operation technology and is a mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool. It includes a valve body, valve core, valve sleeve, return spring, outer cylinder, distribution cylinder, distribution plate, distribution block, drive device, upper drive rod, lower drive rod, connecting cylinder, axial impact assembly, drill bit shaft, and energy storage spring. A valve sleeve is installed on the inner side of the lower part of the valve body for limiting movement, and a first limiting ring platform is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the valve body. This invention has a reasonable and compact structure and is easy to use. By setting an eccentric distribution hole on the distribution plate, the rotating distribution block can periodically block the distribution hole, making the fluid flow rate entering the drive device a simple harmonic fluctuation, causing the drive device to output torque to form a torsional impact. By setting an axial impact assembly, it can periodically reciprocate up and down with the rotation of the lower drive rod, thereby subjecting the drill bit shaft to a downward pulse-like impact force during drilling, exhibiting reliability, stability, and good rock-breaking effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole operation technology and is a mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas resources are continuously depleted, oil and gas extraction targets are expanding into deeper areas. Deep formations are characterized by high temperatures, hard rocks, and strong wear resistance. Conventional drilling methods suffer from slow progress, rapid drill bit wear, and severe slippage, making it difficult to complete deep and ultra-deep well operations. During drilling in hard formations in deep wells, PDC drill bits may fail to break the rock due to insufficient torque. In this situation, the drill string twists, storing elastic potential energy until the drill bit overcomes drilling resistance. The energy in the drill string is released instantaneously, causing severe vibration between the drill string and the drill bit ("stick-slip" vibration), leading to drill bit wear.

[0003] In oil and gas exploration and development, torsion impactors are often used in conjunction with PDC drill bits to reduce "stick-slip" vibrations, thereby increasing the drilling speed of the drill bit in deep, hard formations. Currently, most impactors used are TorkBusters. Domestic screw-type and turbine-type torsion impactors can only generate unidirectional torsional impacts, which can cause uneven force distribution on one side of the impact mechanism, leading to wear failure. While torsion impactors can generate torsional impact vibrations to assist the drill bit in breaking rock, they have almost no speed-up effect when facing hard formations where the cutting teeth cannot penetrate, or when the drill bit cannot advance in steep or horizontal sections.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN 111305748B discloses a circumferential impact drilling speed-up tool, characterized by comprising a body, a mandrel, a circumferential impact assembly, a flow divider cap, and a lower connector. The body contains a mandrel with a main flow channel running vertically through its center. A flow divider cap is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the mandrel. At least one elongated guide hole running through both the inner and outer sides is located on the outer side of the mandrel's center. A limiting ring is located on the outer side of the lower part of the mandrel. The circumferential impact assembly includes an impact drive, an impact generator, and an impact actuator. A flow divider cap is fitted onto the outer side of the mandrel corresponding to the position between the flow divider cap and the limiting ring. An impact drive component capable of periodically reciprocating relative to a mandrel has an impact actuator located below the mandrel on its outer side. An impact generator, mounted on the outer side of the upper inner side of the impact actuator, strikes the impact actuator as it rotates with the impact drive component. The lower inner side of the impact actuator is fixedly mounted to the outer side of the lower end of the mandrel, and a lower connector is fixedly mounted to the outer side of the lower end of the impact actuator. The lower inner side of the actuator body is mounted to the upper outer side of the lower connector. A wear-resistant component is provided between the lower end of the impact drive component and the limiting ring platform. The moving parts include a distribution plate, which is fitted onto the outer side of the mandrel's middle section; the impact generating parts include an impact hammer, which is fitted onto the outer side of the distribution plate; the impact actuating parts include an anvil, which is fitted onto the outer side of the impact hammer, with its lower part located below it. The inner side of the lower part of the anvil is fixedly installed to the outer side of the lower end of the mandrel, and a lower connector is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower end of the anvil; it also includes a fixing cap, an inner mounting neck, a middle mounting neck, and an upper mounting block. The inner mounting neck is fixedly installed on the upper end of the distribution plate, the middle mounting neck is fixedly installed on the upper end of the impact hammer, and two fixing blocks are evenly distributed around the circumference of the upper end of the anvil; corresponding to the flow divider pressure. A fixed pressure cap is provided on the outer side of the upper part of the mandrel below the cap. A fixed inner ring groove is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the fixed pressure cap corresponding to the inner and middle mounting necks. The inner and middle mounting necks are both located in the fixed inner ring groove. A fixed limiting groove is provided on the lower side of the fixed pressure cap corresponding to each fixed block position. Each fixed block is located in the fixed limiting groove at the corresponding position. It also includes a wear-resistant neck, a wear-resistant ring, and wear-resistant blocks. A wear-resistant neck is fixedly installed at the lower end of the distribution plate. A wear-resistant ring is fixedly installed at the upper end of the limiting ring platform. At least four wear-resistant blocks are evenly distributed around the circumference at the lower end of the wear-resistant neck and the upper end of the wear-resistant ring. The problems of this circumferential impact drilling speed-up tool are as follows: (1) It can only provide single-dimensional impact; (2) The design of multiple reversing ports results in a complex overall structure and is easily subject to erosion damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and can effectively solve the problems of the single impact mode and complex structure of existing impact devices.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is achieved through the following measures: A mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool includes a valve body, a valve core, a valve sleeve, a return spring, an outer cylinder, a distribution cylinder, a distribution plate, a distribution block, a drive device, an upper drive rod, a lower drive rod, a connecting cylinder, an axial impact assembly, a drill bit shaft, and an energy storage spring. A valve sleeve is installed on the inner side of the lower part of the valve body for limiting. A first limiting ring platform is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the valve body. A valve core with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the first limiting ring platform is provided inside the valve sleeve. A return spring is provided between the valve core and the valve sleeve. At least one inner bypass hole is provided on the outer side of the middle part of the valve core corresponding to the position above the valve sleeve. An outer bypass hole is provided on the outer side of the valve body corresponding to the position of the inner bypass hole. An outer cylinder is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the valve body. A second limiting ring platform is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the outer cylinder. A valve core with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the valve body is mounted on the second limiting ring platform. The distribution cylinder has a distribution plate on the inner side of the upper part, and a distribution hole that is eccentrically arranged and runs vertically through the middle of the distribution plate. Several flow holes that run vertically through the distribution plate are provided on the outer side of the distribution hole. A driving device is provided in the middle of the outer cylinder. An upper driving rod is provided on the upper part of the driving device. A distribution block that can periodically block the distribution hole by rotating is provided on the upper end of the upper driving rod. A lower driving rod is provided on the lower part of the driving device. A connecting cylinder is fixedly installed on the lower end of the lower driving rod. Several liquid inlet holes are distributed along the circumference on the outer side of the upper part of the connecting cylinder. An axial impact component that can periodically reciprocate up and down with the rotation of the lower driving rod is provided on the outer side of the middle part of the connecting cylinder. A drill bit shaft with its lower end located below the outer cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower end of the connecting cylinder. An energy storage spring is provided on the outer side of the connecting cylinder at the position between the drill bit shaft and the axial impact component.

[0007] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: The aforementioned axial impact assembly may include an anvil base, a cam disk, an impact anvil, a roller, and an anti-rotation pin. The anvil base is connected to the outer side of the middle of the connecting cylinder via a spline connection. A cam disk is fixedly installed on the lower side of the anvil base. The bottom surface of the cam disk has alternating protrusions and grooves evenly distributed along the circumference. An impact anvil is provided on the outer side of the connecting cylinder corresponding to the position below the cam disk. An anti-rotation pin is provided on the outer side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the position of the impact anvil. A guide groove is provided on the outer side of the impact anvil corresponding to the position of the anti-rotation pin. The inner end of the anti-rotation pin is located in the guide groove. A roller is provided between the impact anvil and the cam disk. The roller abuts against the lower side of the cam disk and corresponds to the positions of the protrusions and grooves.

[0008] The outer cylinder may include an upper connector, a drive outer cylinder, an oscillator outer cylinder, and a lower connector, which are fixedly installed together from top to bottom. The drive device includes a bushing, a rotor, an upper transmission connector, a connecting rod, and a lower transmission connector. The inner side of the drive outer cylinder is provided with a bushing, and the bushing contains a rotor that is connected to the lower end of the upper drive rod. The oscillator outer cylinder contains a connecting rod, and the lower end of the rotor is connected to the connecting rod through the upper transmission connector. The lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the lower drive rod through the lower transmission connector.

[0009] The upper left part of the above-mentioned distribution block can be a non-rotating structure with a lower left side and a higher right side.

[0010] This invention has a reasonable and compact structure and is easy to use. By setting an eccentric distribution hole on the distribution plate, the rotating distribution block can periodically block the distribution hole, so that the fluid flow rate entering the drive device is a simple harmonic fluctuation, and the output torque of the drive device forms a torsional impact. By setting an axial impact component, it can periodically move up and down with the rotation of the lower drive rod, so that the drill bit shaft is subjected to a downward pulse impact force during drilling, which has the characteristics of reliability, stability and good rock breaking effect. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main sectional view of the first segment of Embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0012] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main sectional view of the second segment of Embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0013] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main sectional view of the third segment of Embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0014] Appendix Figure 4 For the appendix Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the central distribution tube.

[0015] Appendix Figure 5 For the appendix Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the cam disc.

[0016] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 for valve body, 2 for valve core, 3 for valve sleeve, 4 for return spring, 5 for flow distribution hole, 6 for flow distribution cylinder, 7 for flow distribution plate, 8 for flow distribution block, 9 for upper drive rod, 10 for lower drive rod, 11 for connecting cylinder, 12 for drill bit shaft, 13 for energy storage spring, 14 for inner bypass hole, 15 for outer bypass hole, 16 for flow passage hole, 17 for anvil base, 18 for cam plate, 19 for impact anvil, 20 for roller, 21 for anti-rotation pin, 22 for protrusion, 23 for groove, 24 for upper connector, 25 for drive outer cylinder, 26 for oscillator outer cylinder, 27 for lower connector, 28 for bushing, 29 for rotor, 30 for upper transmission connector, 31 for connecting rod, 32 for lower transmission connector, and 33 for liquid inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0018] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, this mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool includes a valve body 1, a valve core 2, a valve sleeve 3, a return spring 4, an outer cylinder, a distribution cylinder 6, a distribution plate 7, a distribution block 8, a drive device, an upper drive rod 9, a lower drive rod 10, a connecting cylinder 11, an axial impact assembly, a drill bit shaft 12, and an energy storage spring 13. A valve sleeve 3 is installed on the lower inner side of the valve body 1 for limiting. A first limiting ring platform is provided on the upper inner side of the valve body 1. A valve core 2 is provided inside the valve sleeve 3, with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the first limiting ring platform. A return spring 4 is provided between the valve core 2 and the valve sleeve 3. At least one inner bypass hole 14 is provided on the outer side of the middle part of the valve core 2 corresponding to the position above the valve sleeve 3. An outer bypass hole 15 is provided on the outer side of the valve body 1 corresponding to the position of the inner bypass hole 14. An outer cylinder is provided on the lower outer side of the valve body 1. A second limiting ring platform is provided on the upper inner side of the outer cylinder. A distribution cylinder 6, with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the valve body 1, is mounted on the second limiting ring platform. The upper inner side of the flow tube 6 is provided with a distribution plate 7. The distribution plate 7 has a distribution hole 5 that is vertically and eccentrically arranged in the middle. The distribution plate 7 corresponding to the outer position of the distribution hole 5 has several vertically and eccentrically arranged flow holes 16. The middle of the outer tube is provided with a driving device. The upper part of the driving device is provided with an upper driving rod 9. The upper end of the upper driving rod 9 is provided with a distribution block 8 that can periodically block the distribution hole 5 by rotation. The lower part of the driving device is provided with a lower driving rod 10. The lower end of the lower driving rod 10 is fixedly installed with a connecting tube 11. The upper outer side of the connecting tube 11 has several liquid inlet holes 33 distributed along the circumference. The middle outer side of the connecting tube 11 is provided with an axial impact component that can periodically move up and down with the rotation of the lower driving rod 10. The lower outer side of the connecting tube 11 is fixedly installed with a drill bit shaft 12 whose lower end is located below the outer tube. The outer side of the connecting tube 11 corresponding to the position between the drill bit shaft 12 and the axial impact component is provided with an energy storage spring 13. During operation, by setting the inner bypass hole 14 and the outer bypass hole 15, during tripping, the valve core 2, under the action of the return spring 4, abuts against the lower side of the first limit ring platform, connecting the inner bypass hole 14 and the outer bypass hole 15, allowing drilling fluid to flow out or into the drill string to balance the pressure difference of the fluid column inside and outside the drill string. After the pump is started, the drilling fluid passes through the valve core 2 and presses down on the valve core 2 to compress the return spring 4, blocking the connection between the inner bypass hole 14 and the outer bypass hole 15, allowing the drilling fluid to flow to the lower drive unit. By setting an eccentric distribution hole 5 on the distribution plate 7, the rotating distribution block 8 can periodically block the distribution hole 5, allowing the fluid entering the drive unit to flow... The torque output of the drive unit is a simple harmonic oscillation, creating a torsional impact. An axial impact component is incorporated, which reciprocates periodically up and down with the rotation of the lower drive rod 10, thus subjecting the drill bit shaft 12 to a downward pulsed impact force during drilling. The distribution plate 7, distribution block 8, and axial impact component achieve both torsional and axial impacts, avoiding complex flow channel and reversing pipe inlet designs. This directly transmits power and impact force to the drill bit, improving the transmission of impact energy and thus enhancing the rock-breaking effect of the drill bit, achieving faster drilling, increased efficiency, and a shorter drilling cycle. An energy storage spring 13 facilitates the reset of the axial impact component. Depending on requirements, the drive unit can be a screw motor.

[0020] The aforementioned mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tools can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Example 2: As shown in the attached document Figure 2 As shown, the axial impact assembly includes an anvil base 17, a cam disk 18, an impact anvil 19, a roller 20, and an anti-rotation pin 21. The anvil base 17 is connected to the outer side of the middle part of the connecting cylinder 11 via a spline connection. The cam disk 18 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the anvil base 17. The bottom surface of the cam disk 18 has alternating protrusions 22 and grooves 23 evenly distributed along the circumference. The impact anvil 19 is provided on the outer side of the connecting cylinder 11 corresponding to the position below the cam disk 18. The anti-rotation pin 21 is provided on the outer side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the position of the impact anvil 19. The outer side of the impact anvil 19 corresponding to the position of the anti-rotation pin 21 has a guide groove. The inner end of the anti-rotation pin 21 is located in the guide groove. The roller 20 is provided between the impact anvil 19 and the cam disk 18. The roller 20 abuts against the lower side of the cam disk 18 and corresponds to the positions of the protrusions 22 and the grooves 23. During use, the connecting cylinder 11 transmits torque to the anvil base 17 via a spline connection, thereby driving the cam disk 18 to rotate. The roller 20 acts on the bottom surface of the cam disk 18, where protrusions 22 and grooves 23 are evenly distributed along the circumference. As the roller 20 rolls, it drives the impact anvil 19 to produce a periodic undulating motion along the protrusions 22 and grooves 23, thereby driving the drill bit shaft 12 to reciprocate periodically. By setting the longitudinal distance between the protrusions 22 and grooves 23, sufficient stroke can be generated to meet the rock-breaking requirements of the downstream drill bit. It features good stability, few vulnerable parts, and good rock-breaking effect. According to requirements, an mounting groove can be provided on the upper outer side of the impact anvil 19 corresponding to each roller 20 position. The roller 20 can be installed in the mounting groove by screws, and the roller can rotate along its own axis. The bottom surface of the cam disk 18 can have three protrusions 22 and three grooves 23 evenly distributed along the circumference, and three rollers 20 are installed on the upper outer side of the impact anvil 19 along the circumference.

[0021] Example 3: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the outer cylinder includes an upper connector 24, a drive outer cylinder 25, an oscillator outer cylinder 26, and a lower connector 27, which are fixedly installed together from top to bottom. The drive device includes a bushing 28, a rotor 29, an upper transmission connector 30, a connecting rod 31, and a lower transmission connector 32. The bushing 28 is provided inside the drive outer cylinder 25, and the rotor 29, which is connected to the lower end of the upper drive rod 9, is located inside the bushing 28. The connecting rod 31 is located inside the oscillator outer cylinder 26. The lower end of the rotor 29 is connected to the connecting rod 31 via the upper transmission connector 30, and the lower end of the connecting rod 31 is connected to the upper end of the lower drive rod 10 via the lower transmission connector 32. During use, this arrangement facilitates stable connection of the drive device with the upper drive rod 9 and the lower drive rod 10, respectively.

[0022] Example 4: As shown in the appendix Figure 1 As shown, the upper left part of the distribution block 8 is a non-rotating structure with a lower left side and a higher right side. During use, this design allows the rotating distribution block 8 to periodically block the distribution hole 5, resulting in a simple harmonic fluctuation in the fluid flow rate entering the drive device, which in turn causes the output torque of the drive device to generate a torsional impact.

[0023] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool, characterized in that... The system includes a valve body, valve core, valve sleeve, return spring, outer cylinder, distribution cylinder, distribution plate, distribution block, drive device, upper drive rod, lower drive rod, connecting cylinder, axial impact assembly, drill bit shaft, and energy storage spring. A valve sleeve is installed on the inner side of the lower part of the valve body for limiting movement. A first limiting ring platform is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the valve body. A valve core, with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the first limiting ring platform, is located inside the valve sleeve. A return spring is provided between the valve core and the valve sleeve. At least one internal bypass hole is provided on the outer side of the middle part of the valve core corresponding to the position above the valve sleeve. An external bypass hole is provided on the outer side of the valve body corresponding to the position of the internal bypass hole. An outer cylinder is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the valve body. A second limiting ring platform is provided on the inner side of the upper part of the outer cylinder. The upper seat has a distribution cylinder with its upper end abutting against the lower side of the valve body. A distribution plate is located on the inner side of the upper part of the distribution cylinder. A distribution hole, eccentrically positioned and penetrating vertically, is located in the center of the distribution plate. Several through-holes, penetrating vertically, are located on the distribution plate corresponding to the outer position of the distribution hole. A driving device is located in the middle of the outer cylinder. An upper driving rod is located on the upper part of the driving device. A distribution block, capable of periodically blocking the distribution hole by rotation, is located at the upper end of the upper driving rod. A lower driving rod is located at the lower part of the driving device. A connecting cylinder is fixedly installed at the lower end of the lower driving rod. Several liquid inlet holes are distributed circumferentially on the outer side of the upper part of the connecting cylinder. An axial impact assembly, capable of periodically reciprocating up and down with the rotation of the lower driving rod, is located on the outer side of the middle of the connecting cylinder. The component consists of a drill bit shaft fixedly mounted on the outer side of the lower end of the connecting cylinder, with its lower end located below the outer cylinder. An energy storage spring is located on the outer side of the connecting cylinder corresponding to the position between the drill bit shaft and the axial impact assembly. The axial impact assembly includes an anvil base, a cam disc, an impact anvil, rollers, and an anti-rotation pin. The anvil base is connected to the outer side of the middle of the connecting cylinder via a spline connection. A cam disc is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the anvil base. The bottom surface of the cam disc has alternating protrusions and grooves evenly distributed along its circumference. An impact anvil is located on the outer side of the connecting cylinder corresponding to the position below the cam disc. An anti-rotation pin is located on the outer side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the position of the impact anvil. A guide groove is located on the outer side of the impact anvil corresponding to the position of the anti-rotation pin. The inner end of the anti-rotation pin... Within the guide groove, a roller is provided between the impact anvil and the cam disc. The roller rests against the lower side of the cam disc and corresponds to the position of the protrusion and the groove. The outer cylinder includes an upper connector, a drive outer cylinder, an oscillator outer cylinder, and a lower connector, which are fixedly installed together from top to bottom. The drive device includes a bushing, a rotor, an upper transmission connector, a connecting rod, and a lower transmission connector. A bushing is provided inside the drive outer cylinder, and a rotor that is driven and connected to the lower end of the upper drive rod is provided inside the bushing. A connecting rod is provided inside the oscillator outer cylinder. The lower end of the rotor is driven and connected to the connecting rod through the upper transmission connector, and the lower end of the connecting rod is driven and connected to the upper end of the lower drive rod through the lower transmission connector.

2. The mechanical shaft torsion impact drilling speed-up tool according to claim 1, characterized in that... The upper left part of the distributor block has a non-rotating structure with the left side lower than the right side.

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