Torque control adaptive drill bit, method of use, drill bit assembly, and drilling apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a torsion control adaptive drill bit, a use method, a drill bit assembly and a drilling device. The torsion control adaptive drill bit comprises a wobble wheel, a strain cylinder, a drill bit body and a plurality of adjusters. Under the action of torque, the top of the strain cylinder rotates relative to the bottom, so that hydraulic oil in the sealing unit is pressed into the piston hole, the piston is driven to extend out of the piston hole and compress the rebound part. After the torque is removed, the strain cylinder resets, and under the action of the rebound force of the rebound part, the piston retracts into the piston hole to push the piston to extend out of the piston hole. The piston of the drill bit extends out of the piston hole and abuts against the bottom rock, supports the drill bit body at a certain distance, reduces the cutting depth of the drill bit, can automatically adjust the cutting depth of the drill bit according to the hardness of the stratum rock, avoids the intermittent jump drilling and the frequent longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe caused by the stick-slip effect, and improves the stability of the drill bit and the drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling equipment technology, and in particular to a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, its usage method, drill bit assembly, and drilling device. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas drilling operations, drill bits are generally used to drill into the formation. Drilling typically uses PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bits, which have only one fixed DOC (DOC refers to the axial distance the drill teeth bite into the formation in one rotation). The drill bit is connected to the drill string, and drilling is achieved by the drill string driving the drill bit to rotate. When the drill string experiences stick-slip, the drill bit stops rotating. At this time, the drill string continues to twist under the rotation of the rotary table. When the energy accumulated in the drill string is sufficient to overcome the frictional torque between the drill bit and the formation, the drill bit will accelerate its rotation at two or several times the rotational table speed, intensifying the oscillation and causing the drill bit's rotational torque to fluctuate violently. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The inventors of this application have discovered that in the prior art, PDC drill bits can only achieve optimized drilling for one type of rock. During drilling into different types of rocks, stick-slip effects are prone to occur, and the drill bit is subjected to a large resistance torque at the bottom of the well, which can lead to intermittent blockage and frequent longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe, resulting in poor drill bit stability and low drilling efficiency.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a torque control adaptive drill bit to solve or partially solve the above problems. The technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, comprising a torsion wheel, a strain gauge, a drill bit body, and multiple adjusters, wherein: The torsion wheel is disposed in the strain cylinder and connected to the top of the strain cylinder, and the outer wall of the torsion wheel is provided with multiple stiffeners; The strain cylinder is a cylinder with an open top and a closed bottom. A sealed chamber is formed between the strain cylinder and the torsion wheel. Multiple limiting blocks are provided at the bottom of the strain cylinder. The limiting blocks and the stiffening plates are arranged alternately to divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealed units for storing hydraulic oil. The drill bit body is connected to the bottom of the strain cylinder, and the drill bit body is provided with a plurality of piston holes, each of the piston holes being connected to a sealing unit; The adjuster includes a piston and a spring-loaded portion connected to the piston; Under the action of torque, the top of the strain cylinder rotates relative to the bottom, causing the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit to be forced into the piston hole, driving the piston to extend out of the piston hole and compress the springback part; after the torque is released, the strain cylinder resets, and under the action of the springback force of the springback part, the piston retracts into the piston hole.

[0005] Furthermore, the lower part of the torsion wheel is a hollow shaft, the upper part of the hollow shaft is provided with a shoulder, and the plurality of ribs are provided on the outer wall of the hollow shaft; The inner wall of the strain tube, the outer wall of the hollow shaft, and the shoulder form the sealed chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper part of the torsion wheel has a funnel-shaped structure, and the outer edge of the top of the funnel-shaped structure is provided with a circular protrusion, which is connected to the top of the strain cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the sealing unit is the area where the sealing chamber is divided by the limiting block and the rib plate in a counterclockwise direction; Under the action of torque, the top of the strain gauge rotates clockwise by a preset angle relative to the bottom, causing the stiffener to rotate, thereby compressing the volume of the sealing unit and pressing the hydraulic oil into the piston hole.

[0008] Furthermore, during the clockwise rotation of the strain gauge, the limiting block can limit the movement of the rib plate corresponding to the same sealing unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the piston hole is a stepped hole, which includes a first placement hole and a second placement hole, wherein the diameter of the first placement hole is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole; The piston is provided with a frustum at its top, and the diameter of the frustum is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole; The spring-loaded portion is disposed between the bottom of the first placement hole and the frustum.

[0010] Furthermore, the torque control adaptive drill bit also includes a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring, and a third sealing ring; The truncated cone is provided with a first sealing groove for placing the first sealing ring.

[0011] The shoulder of the shaft is provided with a second sealing groove for placing the second sealing ring.

[0012] The stiffener plate has a third sealing groove on the side near the inner wall of the strain cylinder for placing the third sealing ring.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer wall of the drill bit is provided with multiple blades.

[0014] Furthermore, the plurality of blades are evenly arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the drill bit body.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention proposes a method for using the aforementioned torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, comprising: The strain gauge rotates at the top relative to the bottom under the action of torque; The stiffeners rotate together under the drive of the top of the strain cylinder, compressing the volume of the sealing unit, so that the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit is forced into the piston hole; The piston extends from the piston hole and compresses the spring section under the drive of the hydraulic oil; After the torque is released, the strain gauge returns to its original position, and under the rebound force of the rebound section, the piston retracts into the piston hole.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides a drill bit assembly, including a conversion joint and the torque control adaptive drill bit, wherein the conversion joint is connected to the strain cylinder.

[0017] Fourthly, the present invention proposes a drilling apparatus, including a drill string and the torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, wherein the drill string is connected to the strain cylinder.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: This invention discloses a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, comprising a torsion wheel, a strain gauge, a drill bit body, and multiple adjusters. Under torque, the strain gauge's top can rotate relative to its bottom by a preset angle. The torsion wheel is connected to the top of the strain gauge, thus rotating synchronously by the preset angle. Multiple limiting blocks and multiple ribs divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealing units. As the torsion wheel rotates, the volume of each sealing unit decreases, forcing hydraulic oil into the piston hole to push the piston out of the piston hole and against the bottom rock, supporting the drill bit body a certain distance and reducing... This torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, designed for small drill bits, automatically adjusts its cutting depth based on the hardness of the formation rock. This avoids intermittent drill slippage and frequent longitudinal vibrations of the drill pipe caused by stick-slip effects, improving drill bit stability and drilling efficiency. Furthermore, this torque-controlled adaptive drill bit achieves adaptive adjustment through mechanical mechanisms and hydraulic oil, eliminating the need for electronic control devices and downhole power components. Its simple and reliable structure facilitates widespread adoption. It automatically adjusts the drill bit's cutting depth based on the formation hardness determined by the torque magnitude, eliminating the need for a lithology-identifying detection and control system, resulting in low production and operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of the torque control adaptive drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjuster's structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit body and the adjuster in an embodiment of the present invention, with the piston retracted into the piston hole. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit body and the adjuster in an embodiment of the present invention, with the piston extended from the piston hole; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Example 1

[0021] This invention proposes a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, referring to... Figure 1-6 As shown, it includes a torsion wheel 1, a strain gauge 2, a drill bit body 3, and multiple adjusters 4, wherein: The torsion wheel 1 is disposed in the strain cylinder 2 and connected to the top of the strain cylinder 2. The outer wall of the torsion wheel 1 is provided with a plurality of stiffeners 13.

[0022] Under torque, the top of the strain cylinder 2 can rotate relative to the bottom by a preset angle. The strain cylinder 2 is a cylinder with an open top and a closed bottom. The strain cylinder 2 and the torsion wheel 1 form a sealed chamber. Multiple limiting blocks 21 are provided at the bottom of the strain cylinder 2. Figure 4 As shown, the limiting block 21 and the stiffening plate 13 are arranged alternately to divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealing units 100, and the sealing unit 100 is used to store hydraulic oil.

[0023] The strain cylinder 2 has the following characteristics: when one end is fixed and a torque is applied to the other end, if the torque exceeds a preset threshold, deformation and displacement will occur along the torque direction, that is, the top can rotate relative to the bottom by a preset angle. Since the deformation and displacement generated by the strain cylinder 2 are elastic deformations, it will automatically reset after the torque is released.

[0024] The drill bit body 3 is connected to the bottom of the strain cylinder 2. The drill bit body 3 is provided with multiple piston holes 31, and each piston hole 31 is connected to one of the sealing units 100. The drill bit body 3 and the strain cylinder 2 can also be integrally formed, so that the torque received by the drill bit body 3 can be more directly reflected on the strain cylinder 2.

[0025] The adjuster 4 includes a piston 41 and a spring-loaded part 42 connected to the piston 41.

[0026] Under the action of torque, the top of the strain cylinder 2 rotates relative to the bottom, causing the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit 100 to be forced into the piston hole 31, driving the piston 41 to extend out of the piston hole 31 and compress the springback part 42; after the torque is released, the strain cylinder 2 resets, and under the action of the springback force of the springback part 41, the piston 41 retracts into the piston hole 31.

[0027] The working principle of this torque-controlled adaptive drill bit is as follows: The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit is installed at the bottom of the drill string. When encountering soft strata, the drill bit can complete the strata cutting with relatively small torque, so the strain gauge 2 will not deform. At this time, the drill bit will cut the strata at its maximum cutting depth, drilling rapidly. When encountering hard strata, as the resistance torque increases, the torque of the entire drill string increases accordingly. This torque acts on the strain gauge 2, causing it to deform. That is, the top of the strain gauge 2 will rotate clockwise by a preset angle relative to the base plate. Because the torsion wheel 1 and the top of the strain gauge 2 are fixed together, the torsion wheel 1 will synchronously rotate clockwise by a preset angle. The rib 13 rotates with the torsion wheel 1, compressing the volume of the sealing unit 100, and squeezing the hydraulic oil in this sealing unit 100 into the piston hole 31. Figure 6 As shown, the piston 41 is pushed out of the piston hole 31 and against the rock at the bottom of the well, supporting the drill bit body 3 a certain distance, reducing the cutting depth of the drill bit. When the deformation of the strain cylinder 2 is at its maximum, the drill bit operates at the minimum cutting depth. When the formation becomes relatively soft, the resistance torque decreases accordingly, the torque received by the strain cylinder 2 is less than the preset threshold, the strain cylinder 2 and the torsion wheel 1 reset, and the hydraulic oil flows back into the sealing unit 100. Figure 5 As shown, piston 41 is reset under the action of springback 42, and the drill bit continues drilling at the maximum cutting depth. The cutting depth of the adaptive drill bit depends on the extension of piston 41, which is ultimately determined by the deformation of strain gauge 2 and the hardness of the formation rock. It can be automatically adjusted in real time between the minimum and maximum cutting depths.

[0028] This invention discloses a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, comprising a torsion wheel 1, a strain gauge 2, a drill bit body 3, and multiple adjusters 4. Under torque, the top of the strain gauge 2 can rotate relative to its bottom by a preset angle. The torsion wheel 1 is connected to the top of the strain gauge 2, thus the torsion wheel 1 rotates synchronously by the preset angle. Multiple limiting blocks 21 and multiple stiffening plates 13 divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealing units 100. As the torsion wheel 1 rotates, the volume of each sealing unit 100 decreases, forcing hydraulic oil into the piston hole 31 to push the piston 41 out of the piston hole 31 and against the bottom rock, thus... The drill bit body 3 is supported at a certain distance, reducing the cutting depth of the drill bit. This torque-controlled adaptive drill bit can automatically adjust the cutting depth of the drill bit according to the hardness of the formation rock, avoiding intermittent drill skipping and frequent longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe caused by stick-slip effect, thus improving the stability of the drill bit and drilling efficiency. In addition, this torque-controlled adaptive drill bit achieves adaptive adjustment function through mechanical mechanism and hydraulic oil, without the need for electronic control devices and downhole power components. It has a simple and reliable structure, is easy to promote and use, and automatically adjusts the cutting depth of the drill bit body according to the formation hardness based on the torque magnitude, without the need for a detection and control system to identify lithology, resulting in low production and use costs.

[0029] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lower part of the torsion wheel 1 is a hollow shaft 11, and the upper part of the hollow shaft 11 is provided with a shoulder 12. Multiple stiffeners 13 are disposed on the outer wall of the hollow shaft 11. The inner wall of the strain cylinder 2, the outer wall of the hollow shaft 11, and the shoulder 12 form the sealed chamber. The area between the inner wall of the strain cylinder 2 and the outer wall of the hollow shaft 11 is sealed by the shoulder 12, forming the sealed chamber. Of course, other methods can also be used to seal the area between the inner wall of the strain cylinder 2 and the outer wall of the hollow shaft 11, as long as the sealed chamber can be formed.

[0030] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper part of the torsion wheel 1 is a funnel-shaped structure 14, and the outer edge of the top of the funnel-shaped structure 14 is provided with an annular protrusion 141, which is connected to the top of the strain cylinder 2. In this embodiment, the annular protrusion 141 is welded to the top of the strain cylinder 2 for fixation; of course, the annular protrusion 141 and the top of the strain cylinder 2 can also be fixed by threaded connection or other means.

[0031] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, the sealing unit 100 is the area divided into the sealing chamber by the limiting block 21 and the stiffener 13 in a counterclockwise direction; the strain cylinder 2 rotates at a preset angle relative to the bottom in a clockwise direction under the action of torque, driving the stiffener 13 to rotate, so as to compress the volume of the sealing unit 100 and press the hydraulic oil into the piston hole 31.

[0032] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, during the clockwise rotation of the strain gauge 2, the limiting block 21 can limit the position of the rib plate 13 corresponding to the same sealing unit 100. By limiting the rib plate 13 corresponding to the same sealing unit 100 through the limiting block 21, the strain gauge 2 can be prevented from rotating beyond its maximum deformation and failing, thus ensuring the reliability and stability of the device.

[0033] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the piston hole 31 is a stepped hole, which includes a first placement hole 311 and a second placement hole 312. The diameter of the first placement hole 311 is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole 312. A frustum 411 is provided on the top of the piston 41, and the diameter of the frustum 411 is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole 312. The springback part 42 is disposed between the bottom of the first placement hole 311 and the frustum 411.

[0034] In this embodiment, the spring section 42 is a spring that limits the piston 41 through the top of the second placement hole 312. When encountering a hard formation, hydraulic oil is squeezed into the piston hole 31, causing the piston 41 to extend out of the piston hole 31 and compress the spring section 42, reducing the cutting depth of the drill bit. When encountering a soft formation, the hydraulic oil flows back to the sealing unit 100, and the piston 41 retracts into the piston hole 31 under the rebound action of the spring section 42, and the drill bit continues to drill at the maximum cutting depth.

[0035] In one embodiment, the torque-controlled adaptive drill bit further includes a first sealing ring; such as Figure 3 As shown, the frustum 411 is provided with a first sealing groove 412 for placing the first sealing ring. The first sealing ring seals the space between the frustum 411 and the piston hole 31, preventing hydraulic oil from leaking out of the piston hole 31, ensuring the thrust of the hydraulic oil on the piston 41, and improving reliability.

[0036] Of course, in some other embodiments, other methods can be used to seal between the frustum 411 and the piston hole 31, as long as hydraulic oil can be prevented from leaking out of the piston hole 31.

[0037] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the torque control adaptive drill bit also includes a second sealing ring; the shoulder 12 is provided with a second sealing groove 121 for placing the second sealing ring. The second sealing ring seals the space between the shoulder 12 and the strain cylinder 2, ensuring the sealing performance of the sealed chamber, guaranteeing the pressure of the hydraulic oil, and improving reliability.

[0038] Of course, in some other embodiments, other methods can be used to seal between the shoulder 12 and the strain cylinder 2, as long as the sealing of the sealed chamber is ensured.

[0039] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the torque control adaptive drill bit also includes a third sealing ring; a third sealing groove 111 is provided on the side of the stiffener 13 near the inner wall of the strain cylinder 2; the third sealing ring is placed in the third sealing groove 111. The third sealing ring seals the space between the stiffener 13 and the strain cylinder 2, ensuring the sealing performance of each sealing unit 100 and guaranteeing that each piston 41 can be pushed out of the piston hole 31 under the action of hydraulic oil, thus improving reliability.

[0040] Of course, in some other embodiments, other methods can be used to seal between the stiffener 13 and the strain cylinder 2, as long as the sealing performance of each sealing unit 100 can be ensured.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 The drill bit body 3 has multiple blades 32 on its outer wall. The blades 32 can be PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) blades, which are made by sintering diamond micropowder and cemented carbide substrate under ultra-high pressure and high temperature conditions. They have the high hardness, high wear resistance and thermal conductivity of diamond, as well as the strength and impact toughness of cemented carbide.

[0042] In a further embodiment, the plurality of cutter wings 32 are evenly arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the drill bit body 3. By evenly arranging the plurality of cutter wings 32 circumferentially along the outer wall of the drill bit body 3, the force on the cutter wings 32 can be more evenly distributed, reducing vibration during the drilling process and improving the stability of the drill bit. Example 2

[0043] This invention provides a method for using the torque-controlled adaptive drill bit described in Embodiment 1, comprising: The strain gauge 3 rotates at its top relative to its bottom under the action of torque; The stiffeners 13 rotate together under the drive of the top of the strain cylinder 3 to compress the volume of the sealing unit 100, so that the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit 100 is forced into the piston hole 31. The piston 41 extends out of the piston hole 31 and compresses the spring-loaded part 42 under the drive of the hydraulic oil; After the torque is released, the strain cylinder 2 resets, and under the action of the rebound force of the rebound part 42, the piston 41 retracts into the piston hole 31.

[0044] This invention proposes a method for using a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit. Under torque, the strain gauge 2 rotates at its top relative to its bottom by a preset angle. The torsion wheel 1 is connected to the top of the strain gauge 2, so it rotates synchronously at the preset angle. Multiple limiting blocks 21 and multiple stiffeners 13 divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealing units 100. As the torsion wheel 1 rotates, the volume of each sealing unit 100 decreases, squeezing hydraulic oil into the piston hole 31 to push the piston 41 out of the piston hole 31 and against the bottom rock, supporting the drill bit body 3 by a certain distance and reducing the cutting depth. This torque-controlled adaptive drill bit can automatically adjust the cutting depth according to the hardness of the formation rock, avoiding intermittent drill slippage and frequent longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe caused by stick-slip effect, thus improving the stability of the drill bit and drilling efficiency. Example 3

[0045] This invention provides a drill bit assembly, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes a conversion joint 5 and the torque control adaptive drill bit described in Embodiment 1, wherein the conversion joint 5 is connected to the strain cylinder 2.

[0046] One end of the conversion connector 5 is connected to the drill string, and the other end is connected to the strain cylinder 2. A liquid channel is provided in the middle to connect the funnel-shaped structure. The liquid channel is used to circulate drilling fluid.

[0047] The drill bit assembly proposed in this embodiment of the invention connects the drill string and the strain gauge 2 through the conversion joint 5, making installation and disassembly more convenient and quick, and improving drilling efficiency. Example 4

[0048] This invention provides a drilling apparatus, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes a drill string 6 and the torque control adaptive drill bit described in Embodiment 1, wherein the drill string 6 is connected to the strain cylinder 2.

[0049] This invention provides a drilling device with a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit that can automatically adjust the cutting depth of the drill bit according to the hardness of the formation rock, avoiding intermittent drill skipping and frequent longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe caused by stick-slip effect, thereby improving the stability of the device and drilling efficiency.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the drilling rig also includes a conversion joint 5, with its two ends connected to the drill string 6 and the strain gauge 2, respectively. Connecting the drill string 6 and the strain gauge 2 via the conversion joint 5 makes installation and disassembly more convenient and faster, thus improving drilling efficiency.

[0051] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0052] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A torque-controlled adaptive drill bit, characterized in that, Includes a torsion wheel, strain gauge, drill body, and multiple adjusters, among which: The torsion wheel is disposed in the strain cylinder and connected to the top of the strain cylinder, and the outer wall of the torsion wheel is provided with multiple stiffeners; The strain cylinder is a cylinder with an open top and a closed bottom. A sealed chamber is formed between the strain cylinder and the torsion wheel. Multiple limiting blocks are provided at the bottom of the strain cylinder. The limiting blocks and the stiffening plates are arranged alternately to divide the sealed chamber into multiple sealed units for storing hydraulic oil. The drill bit body is connected to the bottom of the strain cylinder, and the drill bit body is provided with a plurality of piston holes, each of the piston holes being connected to a sealing unit; The adjuster includes a piston and a spring-loaded portion connected to the piston; Under the action of torque, the top of the strain gauge rotates relative to the bottom, causing the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit to be forced into the piston hole, driving the piston to extend from the piston hole and compress the rebound part; after the torque is released, the strain gauge returns to its original position, and under the rebound force of the rebound part, the piston retracts into the piston hole, wherein: The lower part of the torsion wheel is a hollow shaft, and the upper part of the hollow shaft is provided with a shoulder. The multiple stiffeners are provided on the outer wall of the hollow shaft. The inner wall of the strain cylinder, the outer wall of the hollow shaft, and the shoulder form the sealing chamber. The sealing unit is the area divided into the sealing chamber by the limiting block and the stiffener in a counterclockwise direction. Under the action of torque, the top of the strain cylinder rotates clockwise relative to the bottom by a preset angle, driving the stiffeners to rotate, thereby compressing the volume of the sealing unit and pressing the hydraulic oil into the piston hole.

2. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the torsion wheel has a funnel-shaped structure, and the outer edge of the top of the funnel-shaped structure is provided with a circular protrusion, which is connected to the top of the strain cylinder.

3. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, During the clockwise rotation of the strain gauge, the limiting block can limit the position of the rib plate corresponding to the same sealing unit.

4. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The piston hole is a stepped hole, which includes a first placement hole and a second placement hole, wherein the diameter of the first placement hole is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole; The piston is provided with a frustum at its top, and the diameter of the frustum is larger than the diameter of the second placement hole; The spring-loaded portion is disposed between the bottom of the first placement hole and the frustum.

5. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring, and a third sealing ring; The frustum is provided with a first sealing groove for placing the first sealing ring; The shoulder of the shaft is provided with a second sealing groove for placing the second sealing ring; The stiffener plate has a third sealing groove on the side near the inner wall of the strain cylinder for placing the third sealing ring.

6. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the drill bit is provided with multiple blades.

7. The torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of blades are evenly arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the drill bit.

8. A method of using a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The strain gauge rotates at the top relative to the bottom under the action of torque; The stiffeners rotate together under the drive of the top of the strain cylinder, compressing the volume of the sealing unit, so that the hydraulic oil in the sealing unit is forced into the piston hole; The piston extends from the piston hole and compresses the spring section under the drive of the hydraulic oil; After the torque is released, the strain gauge returns to its original position, and under the rebound force of the rebound section, the piston retracts into the piston hole.

9. A drill bit assembly, characterized in that, It includes a conversion joint and a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the conversion joint is connected to the strain cylinder.

10. A drilling apparatus, characterized in that, It includes a drill string and a torque-controlled adaptive drill bit as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the drill string is connected to the strain cylinder.

11. The drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, It also includes a conversion joint, the two ends of which are connected to the drill string and the strain cylinder, respectively.

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