Method and device for detecting TBM stuck in deep-buried super-long highway tunnel crossing through poor geology

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, in particular to a deep-buried super-long highway tunnel TBM crossing bad geological jam detection method and device, comprising a detection cutterhead; a connecting rod is fixedly connected outside the detection cutterhead; a No. 1 flange is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod away from the detection cutterhead; the detection cutterhead installed at the front end position of the TBM plays a role of early on-site exploration of geological conditions during TBM tunneling; the detector is installed inside the connecting rod and cooperates with the plugging plate to plug part of the material with the rotating speed of the two cutterheads; the detector detects the geological conditions of the part of the material, thereby realizing the role of real-time detection of the geological conditions; when crossing the bad geological conditions, the detector electric signal informs the pump body to spray the slurry into the tunnel, thereby playing a role of reinforcing the passing tunnel, and cooperating with the plugging cylinder to plug one end of the grouting pipe, thereby reducing the material falling in the tunnel to plug the inside of the grouting pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunneling equipment technology, specifically a method and device for detecting TBM jamming when traversing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] TBM is a machine used for tunnel boring. TBMs are mainly divided into two types: open-face tunnel boring machines and shield tunnel boring machines. Because of its extremely high requirements for equipment reliability and long service life, TBM is known as the "King of Tunnel Boring Machines" in engineering machinery.

[0003] When excavating deep, ultra-long highway tunnels using a TBM, the TBM has high requirements for the geological conditions of the tunnel being excavated. When traversing adverse geological conditions, problems such as collapse, tunnel deformation, and machine jamming are prone to occur, with machine jamming being the most common problem.

[0004] During the excavation of deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels using TBMs, there are many accidents that can easily lead to TBM jamming, such as jamming of the cutterhead, front shield, support shield, and tail shield, as well as various geological reasons. Currently, TBMs are designed to predict the situation in advance, but it is difficult to detect the actual geological conditions beforehand. This makes it easy for the TBM to jam when crossing unfavorable geological conditions. TBM jamming will have a serious impact on the construction progress and the quality of the tunnel, causing not only significant economic losses to the construction party, but also increasing the difficulty of subsequent excavation.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method and device for detecting TBMs crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnel TBM crossing adverse geological conditions detection device of this invention includes a detection cutterhead; a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the detection cutterhead; a first flange is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the detection cutterhead; a second flange is connected to the outside of the first flange by bolts and threads; a tunneling cutterhead is fixedly connected to the end of the second flange away from the first flange; a first conveying pipe is connected between the detection cutterhead and the second flange; a detection mechanism is provided inside the connecting rod, which is used for geological detection; a grouting mechanism is provided outside the tunneling cutterhead away from the second flange, which is used for reinforcing the inside of the tunnel.

[0008] Preferably, the detection mechanism includes a detection chamber, a filter, a detector, and a blocking assembly; the detection chamber is located inside the connecting rod; the filter is fixed inside the connecting rod and is located at the detection chamber; the detector is installed inside the connecting rod and is located at the detection chamber; the blocking assembly is disposed inside the connecting rod and is used for quantitative detection of geology.

[0009] Preferably, the sealing assembly includes a sealing plate, a fixing rod, and an elastic element; the two sealing plates are symmetrically slidably connected inside the connecting rod; the fixing rod is fixed inside the connecting rod, and the sealing plate is slidably connected outside the fixing rod; the elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the fixing rod.

[0010] Preferably, the grouting mechanism includes a grouting cylinder, an opening cylinder, a second conveying pipe, a slurry cylinder, a grouting pipe, a jetting hole, and a flow control component; the grouting cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the tunneling cutterhead away from the second flange; the opening cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the grouting cylinder away from the tunneling cutterhead; the slurry cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the opening cylinder away from the grouting cylinder, and the slurry cylinder has a built-in pump body, which is electrically connected to a detector; the slurry cylinder is connected to the inside of the tunneling cutterhead through the second conveying pipe; the grouting pipe is installed inside the slurry cylinder and the jetting hole; the jetting hole is opened outside the grouting cylinder and located above one end of the grouting pipe; the flow control component is disposed inside the grouting cylinder and the opening cylinder, and the flow control component is used to control the discharge of slurry inside the grouting pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the flow control assembly includes a sealing cylinder and an electric slider; the sealing cylinder is slidably connected inside the grouting cylinder and the opening cylinder; multiple sets of holes are formed on the outside of the sealing cylinder; and the electric slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the sealing cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected inside the perforated cylinder, and multiple hydraulic cylinders are provided; the multiple hydraulic cylinders are electrically connected to the detector; and a drill is installed at the output end of the multiple hydraulic cylinders.

[0013] Preferably, a guide pipe is fixed to the outside of the grouting pipe, and the end of the guide pipe away from the grouting pipe is connected to the drilling tool; multiple guide pipes are provided.

[0014] Preferably, a first solenoid valve is installed at the end of the grouting pipe away from the grout cylinder; a second solenoid valve is installed at the end of the guide pipe away from the grouting pipe.

[0015] A method for detecting TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels. This method uses the detection device described above for construction, and the steps are as follows: S1: First, computer-aided design is used to develop various tunneling plans for TBMs to tunnel through adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, and various emergency response plans are made. Then, the various plans are sorted and organized into individual areas. S2: After the tunneling plan is completed, the TBM is lowered into the tunnel to start tunneling. The detection cutterhead is assembled at the front end of the tunneling cutterhead through connecting rods and other components. The tunneling cutterhead, grouting cylinder, opening cylinder and slurry cylinder are assembled at the front end of the TBM for tunneling. The detection cutterhead first explores the tunneling to investigate the geological conditions. The No. 1 conveying pipe and the No. 2 conveying pipe send back the tunneled soil and rock materials. The detector detects part of the returned materials. S3: When the detector detects adverse geological conditions in the returned material, it determines the probability of the machine getting stuck when crossing the adverse geological conditions. Then, it applies different contingency plans to reinforce the area around the adverse geological conditions by spraying slurry. The pump body extracts urethane chemical slurry and cement slurry from the inside of the slurry cylinder to spray and reinforce the tunnel. At the same time, it relies on the drilling tool to excavate pressure relief tunnels around the surrounding rock to ensure that the TBM can successfully cross the adverse geological conditions.

[0016] Preferably, when the No. 1 conveying pipe in S2, together with the No. 2 conveying pipe, returns the excavated soil and rock materials, a portion of the material is sent into the slurry cylinder for the preparation of cement slurry. After the detection of the material detected by the detector is completed, the seal at the sealing plate is opened and the detected material is returned to wait for re-detection.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention relates to a method and device for detecting TBM jamming during deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnel crossing adverse geological conditions. A detection cutterhead is installed at the front end of the TBM to allow for on-site geological investigation during TBM excavation. A detector is installed inside a connecting rod and, in conjunction with a sealing plate, seals part of the material as the two cutterheads rotate. The detector detects the geological conditions of this portion of the material, thus achieving real-time geological monitoring. When crossing adverse geological conditions, the detector sends an electrical signal to the pump to inject grout into the tunnel, reinforcing the tunnel. Furthermore, the sealing cylinder seals one end of the grouting pipe, reducing the risk of material falling into the tunnel and clogging the grouting pipe.

[0018] 2. The TBM detection method and device for deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels crossing adverse geological conditions described in this invention uses a hydraulic cylinder to drive a drilling tool to excavate inside the tunnel after the geological conditions detected by the detector are determined. After the formation of the pressure relief tunnel, a portion of slurry is pumped to the drilling tool for spraying, thereby reinforcing the interior of the pressure relief tunnel and improving its stability. The outlet state of the slurry sprayed by the pump is controlled by a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve to reduce slurry waste. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection blade disc in this invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing cylinder in this invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the TBM detection method for deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels crossing adverse geological conditions, as described in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Detection cutterhead; 11. Connecting rod; 12. No. 1 flange; 13. No. 2 flange; 14. Tunneling cutterhead; 15. No. 1 conveying pipe; 2. Detection chamber; 21. Filter screen; 22. Detector; 3. Sealing plate; 31. Fixing rod; 32. Elastic element; 4. Grouting cylinder; 41. Opening cylinder; 42. No. 2 conveying pipe; 43. Grout cylinder; 44. Grouting pipe; 45. Injection hole; 5. Sealing cylinder; 51. Electric slider; 6. Hydraulic cylinder; 61. Drilling tool; 7. Guide pipe; 8. No. 1 solenoid valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the TBM detection device for deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels traversing adverse geological conditions includes a detection cutterhead 1; a connecting rod 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the detection cutterhead 1; a first flange 12 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 11 away from the detection cutterhead 1; a second flange 13 is connected to the outside of the first flange 12 by bolts and threads; a tunneling cutterhead 14 is fixedly connected to the end of the second flange 13 away from the first flange 12; a first conveying pipe 15 connects the detection cutterhead 1 and the second flange 13; a detection mechanism is provided inside the connecting rod 11 for geological detection; a grouting mechanism is provided outside the tunneling cutterhead 14 away from the second flange 13 for reinforcing the tunnel interior; when using a TBM to tunnel deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, adverse geological conditions may be encountered during the tunneling process. Due to the geology, machine jamming is prone to occur. First, a computer-aided design of the tunneling plan is used in advance to predict the tunneling direction. Then, the tunneling cutterhead 14 and the grouting mechanism are installed at the front end of the TBM. The No. 2 flange 13 and the No. 1 flange 12 are connected by bolts. Then, the detection cutterhead 1 at the front end of the connecting rod 11 is used as a device for actual geological detection in advance. As the front-end equipment of the TBM drives the tunneling cutterhead 14 and the grouting mechanism to rotate, the connected detection cutterhead 1 is driven to detect the geological conditions in advance in front of the tunneling cutterhead 14. The No. 1 conveying pipe 15 returns the soil and rock materials generated during tunneling to the outside. The No. 1 conveying pipe 15 can also be equipped with a conveyor for returning the tunneled geological materials and, together with the detection mechanism, for actual geological detection during tunneling, thereby predicting the actual tunneling direction in advance and reducing the probability of machine jamming during TBM tunneling.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the detection mechanism includes a detection chamber 2, a filter screen 21, a detector 22, and a sealing assembly. The detection chamber 2 is located inside the connecting rod 11. The filter screen 21 is fixed inside the connecting rod 11 and is located in the detection chamber 2. The detector 22 is installed inside the connecting rod 11 and is located in the detection chamber 2. The sealing assembly is located inside the connecting rod 11 and is used for quantitative geological detection. When the detection cutterhead 1 advances to detect the actual geological conditions ahead, the soil and rock materials generated during the excavation are returned through the No. 1 conveying pipe 15. Some of the soil and rock materials can be filtered by the filter screen 21 during the return process. The finer materials pass through the filter screen 21 and enter the detection chamber 2. Finally, the detector 22 performs rapid detection on the materials, thereby predicting the geological conditions ahead in advance so that the excavation can proceed smoothly and reducing the probability of TBM jamming during excavation.

[0025] The sealing assembly includes a sealing plate 3, a fixing rod 31, and an elastic element 32; two sealing plates 3 are symmetrically slidably connected inside the connecting rod 11; the fixing rod 31 is fixedly connected inside the connecting rod 11, and the sealing plate 3 is slidably connected outside the fixing rod 31; the elastic element 32 is sleeved on the outside of the fixing rod 31; when detecting the returned material, because a large amount of material passes through the detector 22 quickly, the detector 22 has difficulty accurately detecting the material. The sealing plate 3 is slidably placed at the detector 22 and fixed... Rod 31 serves as a sliding support for the outside of the sealing plate 3. The rotation speed of the two cutter discs can be set to two levels. In the first level of slow rotation, it is used for the detector 22 to detect the material and for grouting. In the second level of fast rotation, the centrifugal force can make the sealing plate 3 slide outward, allowing the material to flow at the detector 22. Thus, the returned material can be sent to the detector 22. After the two cutter discs reduce their rotation speed, the sealing plate 3 seals part of the material at the detector 22, thus playing the role of partially sealing and detecting the material.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the grouting mechanism includes a grouting cylinder 4, an opening cylinder 41, a second conveying pipe 42, a grout cylinder 43, a grouting pipe 44, a jetting hole 45, and a flow control component. The grouting cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to the outside of the tunneling cutterhead 14 away from the second flange 13. The opening cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the outside of the grouting cylinder 4 away from the tunneling cutterhead 14. The grout cylinder 43 is fixedly connected to the outside of the opening cylinder 41 away from the grouting cylinder 4, and the grout cylinder 43 has a built-in pump body, which is electrically connected to the detector 22. The grout cylinder 43 is connected to the inside of the tunneling cutterhead 14 through the second conveying pipe 42. The grouting pipe 44 is installed inside between the grout cylinder 43 and the jetting hole 45. The jetting hole 45 is opened outside the grouting cylinder 4 and located above one end of the grouting pipe 44. The flow control component is arranged between the grouting cylinder 4 and the opening cylinder 43. Inside the tunnel 41, the flow control component is used to control the discharge of grout from the grouting pipe 44. When the detection mechanism detects poor geological conditions ahead, the grout cylinder 43 at the front of the TBM is filled with polyurethane chemical grout and cement grout. The grouting cylinder 4, the opening cylinder 41, and the grout cylinder 43 are interconnected and installed on one side of the tunneling cutterhead 14. The second delivery pipe 42 is used to return the material generated during tunneling. When the detector 22 detects poor geological conditions ahead and determines that reinforcement is needed, the detector 22 sends a signal to the pump body. The pump body draws the polyurethane chemical grout and cement grout from the grout cylinder 43 and sends it to the grouting pipe 44. Finally, it is sprayed out from the injection hole 45. As the front end of the TBM rotates, the surrounding area of ​​the tunnel is fully reinforced, reducing the possibility of tunnel collapse or other machine jams during TBM tunneling.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the flow control assembly includes a sealing cylinder 5 and an electric slider 51. The sealing cylinder 5 is slidably connected inside the grouting cylinder 4 and the opening cylinder 41. Multiple sets of holes are opened on the outside of the sealing cylinder 5. The electric slider 51 is fixed to the outside of the sealing cylinder 5. During the TBM excavation process, material falling out of the tunnel can easily enter the injection hole 45 and then enter the grouting pipe 44, causing blockage. The electric slider 51 is assembled inside the opening cylinder 41 and is installed in conjunction with the sealing cylinder 5. The electric slider 51 drives the sealing cylinder 5 to slide and move inside the grouting cylinder 4 and the opening cylinder 41. With the help of the multiple sets of holes on the outside of the sealing cylinder 5, the injection hole 45 is sealed, reducing the amount of material falling into the grouting pipe 44 and causing blockage.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected inside the opening cylinder 41, and multiple hydraulic cylinders 6 are provided; the multiple hydraulic cylinders 6 are electrically connected to the detector 22; a drill bit 61 is installed at the output end of the multiple hydraulic cylinders 6; when the TBM encounters adverse geological conditions, after reinforcing the surrounding area, it is necessary to excavate pressure relief tunnels at both ends of the shield if necessary, to release the pressure brought by the surrounding rock, so that the TBM can pass through quickly, thereby reducing the probability of jamming. After the detector 22 detects adverse geological conditions, it sends an electrical signal to the multiple hydraulic cylinders 6, and the drill bit 61 is installed at the output end of the multiple hydraulic cylinders 6 respectively. After the front end of the TBM stops rotating, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the drill bit 61 to extend forward. At this time, the electric slider 51 has already driven the sealing cylinder 5 to slide open the injection hole 45 to spray slurry for reinforcement. The drill bit 61 excavates pressure relief tunnels around the TBM. After the tunnels are formed, they are reset, and the TBM can pass through quickly when it is able to excavate.

[0029] The grouting pipe 44 is externally fixed with a guide pipe 7, and the end of the guide pipe 7 away from the grouting pipe 44 is connected to the drill bit 61; multiple guide pipes 7 are provided; when the pressure relief tunnel is excavated, the vibration generated during the TBM tunneling process can easily lead to the collapse of the tunnel, thus making it difficult for the tunnel to relieve pressure on the TBM. When the drill bit 61 is reset after excavating the vibration reduction tunnel, a portion of the grout is pumped into the guide pipe 7 by the pump body, and the grout is sprayed into the pressure relief tunnel from the side of the drill bit 61, which plays a role in reinforcing the pressure relief tunnel and thus reducing the probability of the pressure relief tunnel collapsing.

[0030] A first solenoid valve 8 is installed at the end of the grouting pipe 44 away from the grout cylinder 43; a second solenoid valve is installed at the end of the guide pipe 7 away from the grouting pipe 44. When grout is being transported into the grouting pipe 44 and the guide pipe 7, the first solenoid valve 8 is installed at the end of the grouting pipe 44 near the injection hole 45 to control the injection state of the grout at the injection hole 45. The second solenoid valve is installed at the end of the guide pipe 7 near the drill 61 to control the injection of the grout at the drill 61. This allows grout to be sprayed out when one side does not need to be sprayed, reducing the waste caused by simultaneous grout injection.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a method for detecting the impact of a TBM crossing adverse geological conditions in a deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnel is presented. This method uses a detection device for construction, and the steps are as follows: S1: First, computer-aided design is used to develop various tunneling plans for TBMs to tunnel through adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, and various emergency response plans are made. Then, the various plans are sorted and organized into individual areas. S2: After the tunneling plan is completed, the TBM is lowered into the tunnel to start tunneling. The detection cutterhead 1 is assembled at the front end of the tunneling cutterhead 14 through the connecting rod 11 and other components. The tunneling cutterhead 14, grouting cylinder 4, opening cylinder 41 and slurry cylinder 43 are assembled at the front end of the TBM for tunneling. The detection cutterhead 1 first explores the tunneling and investigates the geological conditions. The No. 1 conveying pipe 15 cooperates with the No. 2 conveying pipe 42 to return the tunneled soil and rock materials. The detector 22 detects part of the returned materials. S3: When the detector 22 detects adverse geological conditions in the returned material, it determines the probability of the machine getting stuck when crossing the adverse geological conditions. Then, it applies different contingency plans to reinforce the area around the adverse geological conditions by spraying slurry. The pump body extracts urethane chemical slurry and cement slurry from the slurry cylinder 43 to reinforce the tunnel. At the same time, it relies on the drill 61 to excavate pressure relief tunnels around the surrounding rock to ensure that the TBM can successfully cross the adverse geological conditions.

[0032] When the No. 1 conveying pipe 15 in S2, together with the No. 2 conveying pipe 42, returns the excavated soil and rock materials, a portion of the material is sent into the slurry cylinder 43 for the preparation of cement slurry. After the detection of the material detected by the detector 22 is completed, the seal at the sealing plate 3 is opened to return the detected material for re-detection.

[0033] Working Process: When using a TBM to excavate deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, jamming can easily occur due to adverse geological conditions. First, a computer-aided design is used to pre-determine the excavation direction. Then, the cutterhead 14, along with the grouting mechanism, is installed at the front end of the TBM. The second flange 13 and the first flange 12 are connected by bolts. The detection cutterhead 1 at the front end of the connecting rod 11 serves as a device for pre-detecting the geological conditions. As the TBM's front-end equipment drives the cutterhead 14 and the grouting mechanism to rotate, the connected detection cutterhead 1 simultaneously detects the geological conditions in front of the cutterhead 14. The first conveying pipe 15 returns and discharges the excavated soil and rock materials. A conveyor can also be installed inside the first conveying pipe 15 for returning the excavated geological materials and cooperating with the detection mechanism to conduct actual geological detection, thereby determining the actual excavation direction in advance and reducing the probability of TBM jamming. When the detection cutterhead 1 advances to detect the actual geological conditions ahead, the excavated soil and rock materials are discharged by a... The material is fed back into the conveying pipe 15. Some soil and rock material can be filtered by the filter screen 21 during the return process. The finer material passes through the filter screen 21 and enters the detection chamber 2. Finally, the detector 22 quickly detects the material, thereby predicting the geological conditions ahead and ensuring smooth tunneling, reducing the probability of TBM jamming during tunneling. When detecting the returned material, due to the large amount of material passing through the detector 22 quickly, the detector 22 has difficulty accurately detecting the material. The sealing plate 3 slides at the detector 22 and is fixed. The rod 31 serves as a sliding support outside the sealing plate 3. The rotation speed of the two cutter discs can be set to two levels. In the first level of slow rotation, it is used for the detector 22 to detect the material and for grouting. In the second level of fast rotation, the centrifugal force can make the sealing plate 3 slide outward, allowing the material to flow at the detector 22. Thus, the returned material can be sent to the detector 22. After the two cutter discs reduce their rotation speed, the sealing plate 3 seals part of the material at the detector 22, playing the role of sealing and detecting part of the material. When the testing agency detects poor geological conditions ahead, the grout cylinder 43 at the front of the TBM is filled with polyurethane chemical grout and cement grout. The grouting cylinder 4, the opening cylinder 41, and the grout cylinder 43 are interconnected and installed on one side of the tunneling cutterhead 14. The second delivery pipe 42 is used to return the material generated during tunneling. When the detector 22 detects poor geological conditions ahead and determines that reinforcement tunneling is needed, the detector 22 sends a signal to the pump body. The pump body draws the polyurethane chemical grout and cement grout from the grout cylinder 43 and sends it to the grouting pipe 44, and finally sprays it out from the injection hole 45. As the front end of the TBM rotates... The surrounding area of ​​the tunnel is reinforced to reduce the risk of tunnel collapse and other machine jams during TBM excavation. During TBM excavation, material falling from the tunnel can easily enter the injection hole 45 and then the grouting pipe 44, causing blockage. An electric slider 51 is installed inside the opening cylinder 41 and is installed in conjunction with the sealing cylinder 5. The electric slider 51 drives the sealing cylinder 5 to slide and move inside the grouting cylinder 4 and the opening cylinder 41. With the help of multiple sets of holes on the outside of the sealing cylinder 5, the injection hole 45 is sealed, reducing the amount of material falling into the grouting pipe 44 and causing blockage. When the TBM encounters adverse geological conditions, after reinforcing the surrounding area, it may be necessary to excavate pressure relief tunnels at both ends of the shield to release the pressure from the surrounding rock, allowing the TBM to pass quickly and reducing the probability of jamming. After the detector 22 detects adverse geological conditions, an electrical signal is sent to multiple hydraulic cylinders 6. Drilling tools 61 are installed at the output ends of these cylinders. After the front end of the TBM stops rotating, the output ends of the hydraulic cylinders 6 drive the drilling tools 61 to extend forward. At this time, the electric slider 51 has already driven the sealing cylinder 5 to slide open the injection hole 45 to inject grout for reinforcement. The drilling tools 61 excavate pressure relief tunnels around the TBM. After the tunnels are formed, they reset, allowing the TBM to pass quickly when it is able to excavate. However, after excavating the pressure relief tunnels, vibrations generated during TBM excavation can easily lead to… The collapse of the adit caused the adit to collapse, making it difficult for the adit to relieve pressure on the TBM. When the drill 61 excavates the shock-absorbing adit and resets, a portion of the slurry is pumped into the feed pipe 7. The slurry is then sprayed from the side of the drill 61 into the pressure-reducing adit, which reinforces the adit and reduces the probability of collapse. When slurry is pumped into the grouting pipe 44 and the feed pipe 7, a first solenoid valve 8 is installed at the end of the grouting pipe 44 near the injection hole 45 to control the slurry spraying state at the injection hole 45. A second solenoid valve is installed at the end of the feed pipe 7 near the drill 61 to control the slurry spraying at the drill 61. This allows slurry to be sprayed even when no spraying is needed on one side, reducing waste caused by simultaneous spraying.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A TBM (Toyota Buried Wire Machine) detection device for traversing adverse geological conditions in a deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnel, characterized in that: The system includes a detection cutterhead (1); a connecting rod (11) is fixedly connected to the outside of the detection cutterhead (1); a first flange (12) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (11) away from the detection cutterhead (1); a second flange (13) is connected to the outside of the first flange (12) by bolts and threads; a tunneling cutterhead (14) is fixedly connected to the end of the second flange (13) away from the first flange (12); a first conveying pipe (15) connects the detection cutterhead (1) and the second flange (13); a detection mechanism is provided inside the connecting rod (11) for geological detection; a grouting mechanism is provided outside the tunneling cutterhead (14) away from the second flange (13) for reinforcing the inside of the tunnel. The detection mechanism includes a detection chamber (2), a filter (21), a detector (22), and a sealing assembly; the detection chamber (2) is located inside the connecting rod (11); the filter (21) is fixed inside the connecting rod (11) and is located at the detection chamber (2); the detector (22) is installed inside the connecting rod (11) and is located at the detection chamber (2); the sealing assembly is located inside the connecting rod (11) and is used for quantitative geological detection. The sealing assembly includes a sealing plate (3), a fixing rod (31), and an elastic element (32); the two sealing plates (3) are symmetrically slidably connected inside the connecting rod (11); the fixing rod (31) is fixed inside the connecting rod (11), and the sealing plate (3) is slidably connected outside the fixing rod (31); the elastic element (32) is sleeved on the outside of the fixing rod (31).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: The grouting mechanism includes a grouting cylinder (4), an opening cylinder (41), a second conveying pipe (42), a slurry cylinder (43), a grouting pipe (44), a jetting hole (45), and a flow control component; the grouting cylinder (4) is fixedly connected to the outside of the tunneling cutterhead (14) away from the second flange (13); the opening cylinder (41) is fixedly connected to the outside of the grouting cylinder (4) away from the tunneling cutterhead (14); the slurry cylinder (43) is fixedly connected to the outside of the opening cylinder (41) away from the grouting cylinder (4), and the slurry cylinder (43) has a built-in pump. The pump body is electrically connected to the detector (22); the slurry cylinder (43) is connected to the inside of the tunneling cutterhead (14) through the second conveying pipe (42); the grouting pipe (44) is installed inside between the slurry cylinder (43) and the injection hole (45); the injection hole (45) is opened outside the grouting cylinder (4) and located above one end of the grouting pipe (44); the flow control component is set inside the grouting cylinder (4) and the opening cylinder (41), and the flow control component is used to control the discharge of slurry inside the grouting pipe (44).

3. The TBM (Toyota Buried Wire Machine) detection device for crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow control assembly includes a sealing cylinder (5) and an electric slider (51); the sealing cylinder (5) is slidably connected inside the grouting cylinder (4) and the opening cylinder (41); multiple sets of holes are opened on the outside of the sealing cylinder (5); the electric slider (51) is fixedly connected to the outside of the sealing cylinder (5).

4. The TBM detection device for deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels crossing adverse geological conditions as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The opening cylinder (41) is internally fixed with a hydraulic cylinder (6), and multiple hydraulic cylinders (6) are provided; multiple hydraulic cylinders (6) are electrically connected to the detector (22); and a drill (61) is installed at the output end of multiple hydraulic cylinders (6).

5. The TBM detection device for deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels crossing adverse geological conditions as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The grouting pipe (44) is fixedly connected to a guide pipe (7), and the end of the guide pipe (7) away from the grouting pipe (44) is connected to the drill (61); multiple guide pipes (7) are provided.

6. The TBM (Toyota Buried Wire Machine) detection device for crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first solenoid valve (8) is installed at the end of the grouting pipe (44) away from the grout cylinder (43); a second solenoid valve is installed at the end of the guide pipe (7) away from the grouting pipe (44).

7. A method for detecting TBMs crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, wherein the method employs the detection device described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The steps of this method are as follows: S1: First, computer-aided design is used to develop various tunneling plans for TBMs to tunnel through adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels, and various emergency response plans are made. Then, the various plans are sorted and organized into individual areas. S2: After the tunneling plan is completed, the TBM is lowered into the tunnel to start tunneling. The detection cutterhead (1) is assembled at the front end of the tunneling cutterhead (14) through the connecting rod (11) and other components. The tunneling cutterhead (14), grouting cylinder (4), opening cylinder (41) and slurry cylinder (43) are assembled at the front end of the TBM for tunneling. The detection cutterhead (1) first explores the geological conditions of the tunneling. The No. 1 conveying pipe (15) cooperates with the No. 2 conveying pipe (42) to return the tunneling soil and rock materials. The detector (22) detects part of the returned materials. S3: When the detector (22) detects that the returned material has adverse geological conditions, the probability of the machine getting stuck when crossing the adverse geological conditions is judged. Then, different plans are made to spray slurry around the adverse geological conditions for reinforcement. The pump body extracts the urethane chemical slurry and cement slurry inside the slurry cylinder (43) to spray and reinforce the tunnel. At the same time, the drilling tool (61) is used to excavate a pressure relief tunnel around the surrounding rock to ensure that the TBM can pass through the adverse geological conditions smoothly.

8. The method for detecting TBM crossing adverse geological conditions in deep-buried ultra-long highway tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the No. 1 conveying pipe (15) in S2 is used in conjunction with the No. 2 conveying pipe (42) to return the excavated soil and rock materials, part of the material is sent to the inside of the slurry cylinder (43) for the preparation of cement slurry. After the detection of the material detected by the detector (22) is completed, the sealing plate (3) is opened to return the detected material to wait for re-detection.

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