A multi-mode TBM cutterhead

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel machinery, and discloses a multi-mode TBM cutterhead, which comprises a main cutterhead, a connecting seat and a connecting part, the top of the main cutterhead is provided with a main blade, and the main cutterhead and the connecting part are fixedly connected to the top and the bottom of the connecting seat respectively. The high-pressure gas is provided by the gas supply part, and the intermittent connection of the connecting seat and the positioning assembly is matched, the high-pressure gas pushes the control assembly, the pushing of the multi-mode assembly is realized, the swing of the multi-mode assembly is matched, the rock is impacted from an inclined angle, the hydraulic oil in the second sliding cavity is extruded by the control assembly, the pushing of the auxiliary impact assembly by the hydraulic oil is matched, when the rock is impacted, the vertical impact of the rock by the auxiliary impact assembly and the inclined impact of the rock by the main impact column are realized, the composite impact on the rock is improved by using the impact effects in different directions, the rock breaking effect is greatly increased, and the use effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel machinery technology, specifically a multi-mode TBM cutterhead. Background Technology

[0002] A TBM cutterhead is a tool used for tunnel boring, also known as a rock cutting disc or disc tunneling machine. It consists of multiple cutterheads, each equipped with dozens to hundreds of cutters. It drills and breaks up the strata by rotating and advancing, while excavating the rock cuttings and discharging them from the tunnel face via conveyor belts or screw conveyors.

[0003] In existing TBM cutterhead technology, different working modes are required during use depending on geological conditions. In hard geological conditions, the cutterhead uses cutting tools for excavation. In harder rock, an impact mode is needed to break the rock into smaller pieces before excavation. Currently, in impact mode, pneumatic or hydraulic power is typically used for impact crushing. However, in actual processing, the machine needs to be stopped and the cutting tools replaced before impact processing can proceed. This is cumbersome and reduces tunneling efficiency. Furthermore, when using dedicated cutting tools for impact processing, it often achieves impact processing on a single vertical plane. For rocks with high structural strength, multiple sets of vertical, unidirectional impact forces are ineffective and often fail to achieve rapid and effective impact crushing. In practice, the impact position needs to be switched repeatedly, making it difficult to complete the crushing process quickly.

[0004] Furthermore, in existing TBM cutterhead technology, during the tunneling process, some broken rock and soil fragments become stuck in the cutter gaps. Although the rotational tunneling vibration can clear these fragments to some extent during continuous operation, it is not very effective for loose soil and debris, which remain in the gaps. The self-cleaning effect is poor, requiring special cleaning operations after the machine is shut down and the work is completed. This makes it difficult to handle in real time during tunnel excavation, and subsequent processing is troublesome, resulting in poor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-mode TBM cutter head to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-mode TBM cutter head, comprising a main cutter head, a connecting seat, and a connecting part, wherein a main blade is provided on the top of the main cutter head, characterized in that: the main cutter head and the connecting part are respectively fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the connecting seat; a positioning component is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the connecting seat; an air supply part is provided on one side of the positioning component; an auxiliary cutter head is fixedly connected to the connecting seat via a crank; an outer cutter head assembly is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the auxiliary cutter head; a multi-mode assembly is provided on the top of the auxiliary cutter head; and one end of the auxiliary cutter head is movable. The assembly is equipped with a control component that meshes with and drives the multi-mode component to swing. The top of the outer cutter head assembly is provided with an auxiliary impact component. The main cutter head has a first annular cavity inside. A side tube is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the main cutter head. The side tube is movably sleeved with the outer end of the control component. The connecting seat has a second annular cavity and a first hole inside and at the top, respectively. The bottom surface of the connecting seat has a bottom annular groove. The connecting seat has an arc-shaped through hole and an arc-shaped blind hole inside. Both the arc-shaped through hole and the arc-shaped blind hole are connected to the bottom annular groove. The multi-mode assembly includes an assembly frame, a rotating shaft, an auxiliary blade, a main impact column, and gears; The positioning component includes a positioning disc, a fixing ring, and two holes. The fixing ring is rotatably fitted into the bottom annular groove, and the two holes are located on the top of the fixing ring.

[0007] Preferably, the top and end faces of the auxiliary cutter disc are respectively provided with a mounting groove and a first sliding cavity, the interior of the auxiliary cutter disc is provided with an assembly cavity, the assembly cavity is connected to the first sliding cavity, the assembly frame is located in the mounting groove, the rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved inside the assembly frame and rotatably sleeved in the auxiliary cutter disc, the gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, the auxiliary cutter and the main impact column are respectively fixed at both ends inside the assembly frame, and the gear is rotatably sleeved in the assembly cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the control assembly includes a connecting frame, a toothed plate, a movable plug, and a push rod. One end of the push rod is movably sleeved in the side tube, and the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the connecting frame. One end of the connecting frame is movably sleeved in a first sliding cavity. The toothed plate is movably sleeved in a first sliding cavity and fixedly connected to the connecting frame. The movable plug is located in the first sliding cavity and fixedly connected to the other end of the toothed plate. The toothed plate meshes with a gear.

[0009] Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the first hole are connected to the first annular cavity and the second annular cavity, respectively, the top of the arc-shaped through hole is connected to the second annular cavity, and the outer surface of the connecting seat is provided with a side hole, which is connected to the arc-shaped blind hole.

[0010] Preferably, the air supply unit includes a high-pressure air pump and an air passage. The high-pressure air pump is fixedly installed on the top surface of the positioning plate. The air passage is opened inside the positioning plate and connected to the air outlet of the high-pressure air pump. The fixing ring is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate. The included angle between the two No. 2 holes is 90°. One No. 2 hole is connected to the air passage, and the other No. 2 hole penetrates downward through the fixing ring and the positioning plate. Both No. 2 holes are located on the rotation trajectory of the arc-shaped through hole and the arc-shaped blind hole.

[0011] Preferably, the outer cutter head assembly includes an outer cutter head, a second sliding cavity, a top hole, and an outer cavity. The outer cutter head is fixedly connected to the outer end of the auxiliary cutter head. The second sliding cavity is opened inside the outer cutter head. The top hole and the outer cavity are both opened at the top of the outer cutter head. The top hole and the second sliding cavity are connected. The second sliding cavity is connected to the first sliding cavity. The interior of the second sliding cavity is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0012] Preferably, the auxiliary impact assembly includes an auxiliary impact post, a spring, and a limiting ring. The auxiliary impact post is movably sleeved in the top hole, the limiting ring is sleeved on the outside of the auxiliary impact post and fixedly sleeved in the top hole, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected to the auxiliary impact post, and the lower end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inside of the second sliding cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the ventilation assembly includes a bottom ring, a distribution ring groove, a retaining ring, and an air tube. The bottom ring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the outer blade disc. The distribution ring groove is formed at the bottom of the bottom ring and communicates with the outer cavity. The retaining ring is fixedly sleeved in the distribution ring groove. One end of the air tube is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the retaining ring and communicates with the distribution ring groove. The other end of the air tube is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting seat and communicates with the side hole.

[0014] Preferably, the purging assembly includes a lifting tube, a second spring, and a purging hole. The lifting tube is movably sleeved on the inner side of the outer cavity. The second spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting tube, and the lower end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the top surface of the retaining ring. The purging hole is opened on the outer surface of the lifting tube, the top of the lifting tube is sealed, and the purging hole is an inclined hole.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes a gas supply unit to provide high-pressure gas, and through intermittent communication between the connecting seat and the positioning component, enables the high-pressure gas to push the control component, thereby pushing the multi-mode component. Combined with the swinging of the multi-mode component, the rock is impacted from an inclined angle. Simultaneously, the control component squeezes the hydraulic oil inside the second sliding cavity, which in turn pushes the auxiliary impact component. This allows for both vertical impact from the auxiliary impact component and inclined impact from the main impact column on the rock. By utilizing the impact effects from different directions, the composite impact on the rock is enhanced, significantly increasing the rock-breaking effect and resulting in excellent performance.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes the air supply unit integrated on the back of the cutterhead and the multi-mode component integrated on the cutterhead. When a mode switch is required, only the air supply unit needs to be activated. With intermittent ventilation and deventing during rotation, the multi-mode component can be intermittently oscillated, thereby completing the switch from tunneling mode to impact mode. The actual switching process is stepless, requiring no machine shutdown. The switching action is rapid, greatly improving switching efficiency for different working conditions, and the effect is good.

[0017] 3. This invention utilizes the air supply unit for ventilation, in conjunction with a rotating connecting seat. By intermittently introducing gas into the ventilation assembly, the rapidly introduced high-pressure air fills the outer cavity, thereby lifting the purging assembly. This causes the outer end of the purging assembly to extend and open the purging holes. These purging holes, arranged at an angle, purge the top surface of the cutter disc, removing dirt and debris from the gaps. This completes automatic cleaning. In practice, only the air supply unit needs to be kept running, and the connecting seat and main cutter disc rotate to perform intermittent purging. The automatic cleaning is simple, the control is convenient, and the effect is excellent. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the external cutter head assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the ventilation component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main cutting disc of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the positioning component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the main cutter head and connecting seat of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the control component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the auxiliary cutter head of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the multi-mode component and the control component of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-mode component of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary impact component of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the purging assembly of the present invention; Figure 15 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Main cutter head; 2. Connecting seat; 3. Connecting part; 4. Positioning assembly; 41. Positioning plate; 42. Fixing ring; 43. Hole No. 2; 5. Auxiliary cutter head; 6. Multi-mode assembly; 61. Assembly frame; 62. Rotating shaft; 63. Auxiliary cutter; 64. Main impact column; 65. Gear; 7. Control assembly; 71. Connecting frame; 72. Gear plate; 73. Movable plug; 74. Push rod; 8. Mounting slot; 9. Assembly cavity; 10. No. 1 sliding cavity; 11. Outer cutter head assembly; 111. Outer cutter head; 112. No. 2 sliding cavity; 113. Top hole; 114. Outer cavity; 12. Auxiliary impact assembly; 121. Auxiliary impact column; 122. Spring 1; 123. Limiting ring; 13. Purge assembly; 131. Lifting pipe; 132. Spring 2; 133. Purge hole; 14. Ventilation assembly; 141. Bottom ring; 142. Distribution ring groove; 143. Retaining ring; 144. Air pipe; 15. Air supply section; 151. High-pressure air pump; 152. Air passage; 16. No. 1 annular cavity; 17. Side pipe; 18. No. 1 hole; 19. No. 2 annular cavity; 20. Bottom annular groove; 21. Arc-shaped through hole; 22. Arc-shaped blind hole; 23. Side hole. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 15As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a multi-mode TBM cutter head, including a main cutter head 1, a connecting seat 2, and a connecting part 3. The main cutter head 1 has a main blade on its top. The main cutter head 1 and the connecting part 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the connecting seat 2. A positioning component 4 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the connecting seat 2. An air supply part 15 is provided on one side of the positioning component 4. An auxiliary cutter head 5 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 2 via a crank rod. An outer cutter head assembly 11 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the auxiliary cutter head 5. A multi-mode assembly 6 is provided on the top of the auxiliary cutter head 5. A control component 7 is movably mounted on one end of the auxiliary cutter head 5. The multi-mode assembly 6 is engaged and pushed to swing. The top of the outer cutter disc assembly 11 is provided with an auxiliary impact assembly 12. The main cutter disc 1 has a first annular cavity 16 inside. The outer surface of the main cutter disc 1 is fixedly connected to a side tube 17. The side tube 17 is movably sleeved with the outer end of the control assembly 7. The connecting seat 2 has a second annular cavity 19 and a first hole 18 inside and at the top, respectively. The bottom surface of the connecting seat 2 has a bottom annular groove 20. The connecting seat 2 has an arc-shaped through hole 21 and an arc-shaped blind hole 22 inside. The arc-shaped through hole 21 and the arc-shaped blind hole 22 are connected to the bottom annular groove 20. The multi-mode assembly 6 includes an assembly frame 61, a rotating shaft 62, an auxiliary blade 63, a main impact column 64, and a gear 65; The positioning component 4 includes a positioning disk 41, a fixing ring 42, and a second hole 43. The fixing ring 42 is rotatably sleeved in the bottom annular groove 20, and the second hole 43 is opened on the top of the fixing ring 42, and there are two holes.

[0022] Example 1: When impact treatment is required, the air supply unit 15 is activated, causing the high-pressure air pump 151 to introduce gas through the air passage 152 into the second hole 43 on the top surface of the fixed ring 42. As the connecting part 3 drives the connecting seat 2 to rotate, and during the rotation of the main cutter disc 1, the arc-shaped through hole 21 in the bottom annular groove 20 rotates and intermittently connects with the second hole 43 near the air supply unit 15. When connected, the high-pressure airflow is supplied into the second annular cavity 19 and passes through the first hole 18 and the first annular cavity 16 into the side pipe 17. The air pressure pushes the push rod 74 in the control component 7 to move laterally, causing the connecting frame 71 to drive the toothed plate 72 to move laterally along the first sliding cavity 10, and bringing... The rotating gear 65 causes the multi-mode assembly 6 to swing, and the main impact column 64 impacts the rock at an inclined angle. At the same time, as the toothed plate 72 moves laterally, the movable plug 73 at the front end of the toothed plate 72 moves forward and compresses the hydraulic oil, causing the hydraulic pressure inside the second sliding cavity 112 in the outer cutter disc assembly 11 to rise, and push the auxiliary impact assembly 12 upward, so that the auxiliary impact assembly 12 impacts the rock vertically, completing the switch from rotation mode to impact mode. When the arc-shaped through hole 21 rotates to connect with the through second hole 43, the previously introduced gas is vented, the multi-mode assembly 6 automatically resets, and realizes air-assisted impact again in the next rotation, repeatedly performing positive vertical and inclined angle impact processing.

[0023] First, by using the air supply unit 15 to provide high-pressure gas, and in conjunction with the intermittent connection between the connecting seat 2 and the positioning component 4, the high-pressure gas pushes the control component 7, thereby pushing the multi-mode component 6. With the swing of the multi-mode component 6, the rock is impacted from an inclined angle. At the same time, the control component 7 squeezes the hydraulic oil inside the second sliding cavity 112, and the hydraulic oil pushes the auxiliary impact component 12. This allows the auxiliary impact component 12 to impact the rock vertically, and the main impact column 64 to impact the rock at an inclined angle. By utilizing the impact effect in different directions, the composite impact on the rock is improved, greatly increasing the rock crushing effect and resulting in good performance.

[0024] Furthermore, by directly utilizing the air supply unit 15 integrated on the back of the cutterhead and the multi-mode component 6 integrated on the cutterhead, when a mode switching is actually required, only the air supply unit 15 needs to be activated. In conjunction with the intermittent ventilation and deventing during rotation, the multi-mode component 6 can be intermittently oscillated to complete the switching from tunneling mode to impact mode. Moreover, the actual switching process is stepless, requiring no machine shutdown. The switching action is fast, and the handling of different working conditions greatly improves the switching efficiency and has good performance.

[0025] Second embodiment: When the cutter head rotates, as the arc-shaped blind hole 22 in the connecting seat 2 rotates and connects with the second hole 43 near the air supply section 15, high-pressure air is output through the arc-shaped blind hole 22 and the side hole 23 into the air pipe 144 of the ventilation assembly 14, and the gas enters the distribution ring groove 142 at the bottom of the bottom ring 141, and pushes the purging assembly 13 to move up quickly along the outer cavity 114. As the lifting tube 131 pulls the second spring 132, the top of the lifting tube 131 slides out from the outer cavity 114, and the purging hole 133 on the outer surface of the lifting tube 131 opens. The inclined purging hole 133 blows towards the top surface of the cutter head, completing the pneumatic cleaning. As the arc-shaped blind hole 22 rotates with the connecting seat 2, when the arc-shaped blind hole 22 connects with another through hole 43, the internal gas is emptied and reset, thus purging intermittently during the rotation.

[0026] First, by utilizing the air supply unit 15 again, and in conjunction with the rotating connecting seat 2, gas is intermittently introduced into the air supply component 14. The rapidly introduced high-pressure air fills the outer cavity 114, thereby lifting the purging component 13. This causes the outer end of the purging component 13 to extend and open the purging hole 133. With the tiltable purging hole 133, the top surface of the cutter disc is purged, blowing out the dirt and debris filling the gaps. This completes automatic cleaning. In actual cleaning, it is only necessary to keep the air supply unit 15 running, and in conjunction with the rotation of the connecting seat 2 and the main cutter disc 1, intermittent purging is completed. The automatic cleaning is simple, the control operation is convenient, and the effect is good.

[0027] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the top and end faces of the auxiliary cutter disc 5 are respectively provided with mounting grooves 8 and a first sliding cavity 10. An assembly cavity 9 is provided inside the auxiliary cutter disc 5, and the assembly cavity 9 is connected to the first sliding cavity 10. The assembly frame 61 is located in the mounting groove 8. The rotating shaft 62 is fixedly sleeved inside the assembly frame 61 and rotatably sleeved in the auxiliary cutter disc 5. The gear 65 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 62. The auxiliary cutter 63 and the main impact column 64 are respectively fixed at both ends inside the assembly frame 61. The gear 65 is rotatably sleeved in the assembly cavity. In component 9, control component 7 includes a connecting frame 71, a toothed plate 72, a movable plug 73, and a push rod 74. One end of the push rod 74 is movably sleeved in the side tube 17, and the other end of the push rod 74 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 71. One end of the connecting frame 71 is movably sleeved in the first sliding cavity 10. The toothed plate 72 is movably sleeved in the first sliding cavity 10 and fixedly connected to the connecting frame 71. The movable plug 73 is located in the first sliding cavity 10 and fixedly connected to the other end of the toothed plate 72. The toothed plate 72 is meshed with the gear 65.

[0028] The multi-mode component 6 is assembled by using the mounting slot 8, and the first slide cavity 10 allows the toothed plate 72 and the movable plug 73 to move in a sleeved manner. The main impact column 64 drives the rotating shaft 62 to rotate and swing under the meshing of the gear 65, so as to realize the swing impact. The control component 7 receives the pneumatic thrust and realizes the lateral movement of the toothed plate 72. On the one hand, it realizes the meshing rotation of the gear 65, and on the other hand, it cooperates with the movable plug 73 to squeeze the hydraulic oil filled in the second slide cavity 112 to realize the synchronous action of the auxiliary impact component 12.

[0029] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the upper and lower ends of the first hole 18 are connected to the first annular cavity 16 and the second annular cavity 19, respectively. The top of the arc-shaped through hole 21 is connected to the second annular cavity 19. The outer surface of the connecting seat 2 is provided with a side hole 23, which is connected to the arc-shaped blind hole 22. The air supply part 15 includes a high-pressure air pump 151 and an air passage 152. The high-pressure air pump 151 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the positioning plate 41. The air passage 152 is opened inside the positioning plate 41 and is connected to the air outlet of the high-pressure air pump 151. The fixing ring 42 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate 41. The included angle between the two second holes 43 is 90°. One second hole 43 is connected to the air passage 152, and the other second hole 43 penetrates downward through the fixing ring 42 and the positioning plate 41. Both second holes 43 are located on the rotation trajectory of the arc-shaped through hole 21 and the arc-shaped blind hole 22.

[0030] The first hole 18 connects the first annular cavity 16 and the second annular cavity 19 to realize gas input. The side hole 23 realizes the input of gas to the ventilation component 14. The air supply unit 15 provides high-pressure air and provides pneumatic thrust. With the intermittent connection of the arc-shaped through hole 21 and the arc-shaped blind hole 22, different working conditions can be realized. The two second holes 43 realize gas input and gas venting respectively to maintain the stability of intermittent operation.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer cutter head assembly 11 includes an outer cutter head 111, a second sliding cavity 112, a top hole 113, and an outer cavity 114. The outer cutter head 111 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the auxiliary cutter head 5. The second sliding cavity 112 is opened inside the outer cutter head 111. The top hole 113 and the outer cavity 114 are both opened on the top of the outer cutter head 111. The top hole 113 and the second sliding cavity 112 are connected. The second sliding cavity 112 is connected to the first sliding cavity 10. The interior of the second sliding cavity 112 is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0032] The outer cutter head assembly 11 constructs the outer side of the cutter head and enables the installation of the auxiliary impact assembly 12 and the assembly of the purging assembly 13. At the same time, it works with the second slide cavity 112 to connect with the first slide cavity 10 and realize hydraulic control.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 13 As shown, the auxiliary impact assembly 12 includes an auxiliary impact post 121, a spring 122, and a limiting ring 123. The auxiliary impact post 121 is movably sleeved in the top hole 113. The limiting ring 123 is sleeved on the outside of the auxiliary impact post 121 and fixedly sleeved in the top hole 113. The upper end of the spring 122 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary impact post 121, and the lower end of the spring 122 is fixedly connected to the inside of the second sliding cavity 112.

[0034] The vertical impact is achieved by using the auxiliary impact assembly 12, the spring 122 actively resets, and the limiting ring 123 restricts the movement of the auxiliary impact column 121.

[0035] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the ventilation assembly 14 includes a bottom ring 141, a distribution ring groove 142, a retaining ring 143, and an air tube 144. The bottom ring 141 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the outer cutter head 111. The distribution ring groove 142 is opened at the bottom of the bottom ring 141 and communicates with the outer cavity 114. The retaining ring 143 is fixedly sleeved in the distribution ring groove 142. One end of the air tube 144 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the retaining ring 143 and communicates with the distribution ring groove 142. The other end of the air tube 144 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting seat 2 and communicates with the side hole 23.

[0036] The purging assembly 13 includes a lifting tube 131, a second spring 132, and a purging hole 133. The lifting tube 131 is movably sleeved on the inner side of the outer cavity 114. The second spring 132 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting tube 131. The lower end of the second spring 132 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the retaining ring 143. The purging hole 133 is opened on the outer surface of the lifting tube 131, and the top of the lifting tube 131 is sealed.

[0037] By using the ventilation component 14 to connect the intermittently supplied high-pressure gas, and filling the distribution ring groove 142 after the gas is input, the upward movement of the purging component 13 is achieved, and the purging hole 133 in the purging component 13 is moved and opened, so that the front of the cutter head is purged and cleaned by the tiltable purging hole 133.

[0038] The working principle and usage process of this invention: When impact treatment is required, the air supply unit 15 is activated, causing the high-pressure air pump 151 to introduce gas through the air passage 152 into the second hole 43 on the top surface of the fixed ring 42. As the connecting part 3 drives the connecting seat 2 to rotate, and during the rotation of the main cutter disc 1, the arc-shaped through hole 21 in the bottom annular groove 20 rotates and intermittently connects with the second hole 43 near the air supply unit 15. When connected, the high-pressure airflow is supplied into the second annular cavity 19 and then passes through the first hole 18 and the first annular cavity 16 into the side pipe 17. The air pressure drives the control The push rod 74 in component 7 moves laterally, causing the connecting frame 71 to move the toothed plate 72 laterally along the first sliding cavity 10, and driving the meshing gear 65 to rotate, causing the multi-mode component 6 to swing, and the main impact column 64 to impact the rock at an inclined angle. At the same time, as the toothed plate 72 moves laterally, the movable plug 73 at the front end of the toothed plate 72 moves forward and compresses the hydraulic oil, causing the hydraulic pressure inside the second sliding cavity 112 in the outer cutter disc component 11 to rise, and pushing the auxiliary impact component 12 upward, so that the auxiliary impact component 12 impacts the rock vertically, completing the rotation mode to impact mode. The switching of modes occurs when the arc-shaped through hole 21 rotates to connect with the through hole 43, the previously introduced gas is vented, the multi-mode assembly 6 automatically resets, and the gas is vented again during the next rotation, repeatedly performing positive vertical and inclined angle impact processing; when the cutter head rotates, as the arc-shaped blind hole 22 in the connecting seat 2 rotates and connects with the hole 43 near the air supply section 15, high-pressure air is output through the arc-shaped blind hole 22 and the side hole 23 into the air pipe 144 of the ventilation assembly 14, allowing the gas to enter the distribution at the bottom of the bottom ring 141. In the annular groove 142, the blowing assembly 13 is pushed to move rapidly upward along the outer cavity 114. As the lifting tube 131 is stretched by the second spring 132, the top of the lifting tube 131 slides out of the outer cavity 114. The blowing hole 133 on the outer surface of the lifting tube 131 opens and the inclined blowing hole 133 blows towards the top surface of the cutter head to complete the pneumatic cleaning. As the arc-shaped blind hole 22 rotates with the connecting seat 2, the arc-shaped blind hole 22 connects with another through hole 43 to vent the internal gas and reset, thus intermittently blowing during the rotation.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-mode TBM cutter head, comprising a main cutter head (1), a connecting seat (2), and a connecting part (3), wherein a main blade is provided on the top of the main cutter head (1), characterized in that: The main cutter disc (1) and the connecting part (3) are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the connecting seat (2) respectively. A positioning component (4) is rotatably installed on the bottom of the connecting seat (2). An air supply part (15) is provided on one side of the positioning component (4). An auxiliary cutter disc (5) is fixedly connected to the connecting seat (2) through a crank. An outer cutter disc assembly (11) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the auxiliary cutter disc (5). A multi-mode assembly (6) is provided on the top of the auxiliary cutter disc (5). A control component (7) is movably installed on one end of the auxiliary cutter disc (5). The control component (7) meshes with the multi-mode assembly (6) and pushes the multi-mode assembly (6) to swing. The outer cutter disc assembly (11) has an auxiliary impact component (12) at the top. The main cutter disc (1) has a first annular cavity (16) inside. The outer surface of the main cutter disc (1) is fixedly connected to a side tube (17). The side tube (17) is movably sleeved with the outer end of the control component (7). The connecting seat (2) has a second annular cavity (19) and a first hole (18) inside and at the top respectively. The bottom surface of the connecting seat (2) has a bottom annular groove (20). The connecting seat (2) has an arc-shaped through hole (21) and an arc-shaped blind hole (22) inside respectively. The arc-shaped through hole (21) and the arc-shaped blind hole (22) are both connected to the bottom annular groove (20). The multi-mode assembly (6) includes an assembly frame (61), a rotating shaft (62), an auxiliary blade (63), a main impact column (64), and a gear (65). The positioning component (4) includes a positioning disk (41), a fixing ring (42) and a second hole (43). The fixing ring (42) is rotatably sleeved in the bottom annular groove (20). The second hole (43) is opened on the top of the fixing ring (42) and there are two of them. The auxiliary cutter disc (5) has an installation groove (8) and a first sliding cavity (10) on its top and end faces, respectively. An assembly cavity (9) is provided inside the auxiliary cutter disc (5). The assembly cavity (9) is connected to the first sliding cavity (10). The assembly frame (61) is located in the installation groove (8). The rotating shaft (62) is fixedly sleeved inside the assembly frame (61) and rotatably sleeved in the auxiliary cutter disc (5). The gear (65) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (62). The auxiliary cutter (63) and the main impact column (64) are fixed at both ends inside the assembly frame (61), respectively. The gear (65) is rotatably sleeved in the assembly cavity (9). The control component (7) includes a connecting frame (71), a toothed plate (72), a movable plug (73), and a push rod (74). One end of the push rod (74) is movably sleeved in the side tube (17), and the other end of the push rod (74) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (71). One end of the connecting frame (71) is movably sleeved in the first sliding cavity (10). The toothed plate (72) is movably sleeved in the first sliding cavity (10) and fixedly connected to the connecting frame (71). The movable plug (73) is located in the first sliding cavity (10) and fixedly connected to the other end of the toothed plate (72). The toothed plate (72) is meshed with a gear (65). The upper and lower ends of the first hole (18) are connected to the first annular cavity (16) and the second annular cavity (19) respectively. The top of the arc-shaped through hole (21) is connected to the second annular cavity (19). The outer surface of the connecting seat (2) is provided with a side hole (23), which is connected to the arc-shaped blind hole (22). The air supply unit (15) includes a high-pressure air pump (151) and an air passage (152). The high-pressure air pump (151) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the positioning plate (41). The air passage (152) is opened inside the positioning plate (41) and is connected to the air outlet of the high-pressure air pump (151). The fixing ring (42) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate (41). The included angle between the two holes (43) is 90°. One hole (43) is connected to the air passage (152). The other hole (43) passes downward through the fixing ring (42) and the positioning plate (41). Both holes (43) are located on the rotation trajectory of the arc-shaped through hole (21) and the arc-shaped blind hole (22). The outer cutter head assembly (11) includes an outer cutter head (111), a second sliding cavity (112), a top hole (113), and an outer cavity (114). The outer cutter head (111) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the auxiliary cutter head (5). The second sliding cavity (112) is opened inside the outer cutter head (111). The top hole (113) and the outer cavity (114) are both opened on the top of the outer cutter head (111). The top hole (113) and the second sliding cavity (112) are connected. The second sliding cavity (112) is connected to the first sliding cavity (10). The interior of the second sliding cavity (112) is filled with hydraulic oil. The ventilation assembly (14) includes a bottom ring (141), a distribution ring groove (142), a retaining ring (143), and an air tube (144). The bottom ring (141) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the outer blade disc (111). The distribution ring groove (142) is opened at the bottom of the bottom ring (141) and is connected to the outer cavity (114). The retaining ring (143) is fixedly sleeved in the distribution ring groove (142). One end of the air tube (144) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the retaining ring (143) and is connected to the distribution ring groove (142). The other end of the air tube (144) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting seat (2) and is connected to the side hole (23). The purging assembly (13) includes a lifting tube (131), a second spring (132), and a purging hole (133). The lifting tube (131) is movably sleeved on the inner side of the outer cavity (114). The second spring (132) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting tube (131). The lower end of the second spring (132) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the retaining ring (143). The purging hole (133) is opened on the outer surface of the lifting tube (131). The top of the lifting tube (131) is sealed. The purging hole (133) is an inclined hole. When the multi-mode TBM cutter head needs impact treatment, the air supply unit (15) is activated, so that the high-pressure air pump (151) introduces gas through the air passage (152) into the second hole (43) on the top surface of the fixed ring (42). As the connecting part (3) drives the connecting seat (2) to rotate, and during the rotation of the main cutter head (1), as the connecting seat (2) rotates, the arc-shaped through hole (21) in the bottom ring groove (20) rotates and intermittently connects with the second hole (43) near the air supply unit (15). When connected, the high-pressure airflow is introduced into the second ring cavity (19) and then through the first hole (18) and the first ring cavity (16) to the side pipe ( In step 17), the push rod (74) in the pneumatic control assembly (7) moves laterally, causing the connecting frame (71) to move the toothed plate (72) laterally along the first sliding cavity (10), and causing the meshing gear (65) to rotate, causing the multi-mode assembly (6) to swing, and the main impact column (64) to impact the rock at an inclined angle. At the same time, as the toothed plate (72) moves laterally, the movable plug (73) at the front end of the toothed plate (72) moves forward and compresses the hydraulic oil, causing the hydraulic pressure inside the second sliding cavity (112) in the outer cutter head assembly (11) to rise, and pushing the auxiliary impact assembly (12) upward, so that the auxiliary impact assembly (12) impacts the rock vertically. After completing the switch from rotation mode to impact mode, and when the arc-shaped through hole (21) rotates to connect with the through hole No. 2 (43), the previously introduced gas is discharged, the multi-mode assembly (6) automatically resets, and realizes air-air impact again during the next rotation, repeatedly performing positive vertical and inclined angle impact processing; when the cutter head rotates, as the arc-shaped blind hole (22) in the connecting seat (2) rotates and connects with the hole No. 2 (43) near the air supply part (15), the high-pressure air output is input into the air pipe (144) of the air supply assembly (14) through the arc-shaped blind hole (22) and the side hole (23), and the gas is introduced into the bottom of the bottom ring (141). In the distribution ring groove (142), the blowing assembly (13) is pushed to move quickly upward along the outer cavity (114). As the lifting tube (131) pulls the second spring (132) and stretches, the top of the lifting tube (131) slides out from the outer cavity (114). The blowing hole (133) on the outer surface of the lifting tube (131) opens and the inclined blowing hole (133) blows towards the top surface of the cutter head to complete the pneumatic cleaning. As the arc blind hole (22) rotates with the connecting seat (2), the arc blind hole (22) connects with another through hole (43) to empty the internal gas and reset, thus intermittently blowing during the rotation.

2. The multi-mode TBM cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary impact assembly (12) includes an auxiliary impact post (121), a spring (122), and a limiting ring (123). The auxiliary impact post (121) is movably sleeved in the top hole (113). The limiting ring (123) is sleeved on the outside of the auxiliary impact post (121) and fixedly sleeved in the top hole (113). The upper end of the spring (122) is fixedly connected to the auxiliary impact post (121), and the lower end of the spring (122) is fixedly connected to the inside of the second sliding cavity (112).

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