Turbine shaft machining process

Abstract

This invention discloses a turbine shaft machining process, comprising the following steps: S100, assembling a blank shaft body and a blank blade disk; S200, welding the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk together using electron beam welding to form a blank turbine shaft, and correcting the two side center holes on the blank turbine shaft for positioning, and using a CNC machine to rough-machine the blank turbine shaft to form a rough-machined turbine shaft; S300, machining the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a positioning datum on the positioning outer circle on the shaft body, and machining an axial datum on the blade disk of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a reference turbine shaft; S400, machining the total length of the reference turbine shaft body to the design dimensions, and pre-drilling deep holes on the reference turbine shaft body to form a semi-finished turbine shaft; S500, machining each machining surface of the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions to form a finished turbine shaft; S600, inspecting the finished turbine shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turbine shaft machining technology, and in particular, to a turbine shaft machining process. Background Technology

[0002] The existing process route for machining precision turbine shaft parts in aero engines is as follows: 0. Matching - 10. Electron beam welding - 20. Grinding - 30. Marking - 40. Turning - 50. Turning - 60. Turning - 70. Turning - 80. Fitter - 90. Deep hole drilling - 100. Turning - 110. CNC turning - 120. CNC turning - 130. Marking - 140. Milling - 150. Fitter - 160. Grinding - 170. Grinding - 180. Fitter - 190. Thread grinding - 200. CNC milling - 210. CNC milling - 220. CNC turning - 230. Fitter - 240. Dynamic balancing - 250. Fluorescent inspection - 260. Inspection - 270. Cleaning - 280. Packaging.

[0003] The existing processing steps mainly include: machining the turbine shaft using electron beam welding and correcting the deformation of the turbine shaft caused by electron beam welding; machining the turbine shaft with high precision deep holes; grinding the turbine shaft with high precision long shafts; machining the turbine shaft with high precision long oil sealing holes; and machining and measuring the axial dimensions of the turbine shaft.

[0004] However, existing processing techniques have the following drawbacks:

[0005] Firstly, the turbine shaft has high requirements for axial runout and coaxiality accuracy. The three machining processes of 50, 60, and 70 remove the allowance from the outer diameter, which does not form a precise positioning datum and cannot meet the dimensional accuracy requirements in the later stage. This results in poor runout and coaxiality between the outer diameters, making it difficult to guarantee the dimensions. Moreover, since it is a slender shaft, the overall length dimension is difficult to guarantee. Using machining, it is easy to make the machining deviation exceed the tolerance, resulting in the scrapping of the machined parts.

[0006] Secondly, during electron beam welding, the local temperature of the parts is very high, and the deformation of the machining area and its vicinity is greater than 0.1mm. Grinding the center hole alone cannot correct the deformation, especially in the blade disk area, where there may be no machining allowance due to deformation.

[0007] Thirdly: The clamping support surface is too short, resulting in unstable clamping. The hole is formed in one machining operation, and its machining accuracy and runout requirements meet the design requirements.

[0008] In summary, existing turbine shaft machining processes are insufficient to meet the demands for high-precision turbine shaft machining, resulting in a low production pass rate. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a turbine shaft machining process to solve the technical problem of how to improve the machining accuracy of turbine shafts and enable them to meet the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0010] According to the present invention, a turbine shaft machining process is provided, the turbine shaft including a shaft body and a blade disk disposed on the shaft body, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S100, select the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk that matches the blank shaft body, and assemble the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk.

[0012] S200 uses electron beam welding to weld the blank shaft body and blank blade disk to form a blank turbine shaft. The deformation of the welded blank turbine shaft is inspected, and the center holes on both ends of the blank turbine shaft are corrected according to the inspection results. The center holes are made coaxial with the blank turbine shaft. Then, the corrected center holes are used for positioning, and the blank turbine shaft is rough machined by CNC turning to retain some machining allowance to form a rough machined turbine shaft.

[0013] S300, machining the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a positioning datum on the positioning outer circle on the shaft body of the rough-machined turbine shaft, and to machine an axial datum surface on the blade disk of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a datum turbine shaft;

[0014] S400 performs semi-finishing on the reference turbine shaft, machining the total length of the reference turbine shaft body to the design dimensions, and machining pre-drilled holes on the end face of the reference turbine shaft body to form a semi-finished turbine shaft;

[0015] S500 performs finishing on the semi-finished turbine shaft to machine the pre-drilled holes to the design dimensions and to machine each machined surface of the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions, thereby forming a finished turbine shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, the step S100 is followed by the following steps:

[0017] S101, mark the parts on the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk respectively;

[0018] S102, the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk are packaged with support components to protect them during electron beam welding.

[0019] Further, step S200 includes the following steps:

[0020] S201 uses electron beam welding to weld the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk to form a blank turbine shaft;

[0021] S202, check the deformation of the blank turbine shaft and record the deformation of the blade disk on the blank turbine shaft.

[0022] S203 uses X-rays to inspect the fusion of electron beam welding to ensure the integrity of electron beam welding;

[0023] S204, a grinding machine is used to modify the first center hole on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk so that the first center hole meets the design requirements;

[0024] S205, the modified first center hole is used to position and fix the blank turbine shaft, and the second center hole on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk is modified by a lathe.

[0025] S206, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using the first and second center holes, the shape of the blank turbine shaft is modified by CNC turning, and some machining allowance of the blank turbine shaft is retained to form a rough-machined turbine shaft.

[0026] Furthermore, after step S205, the blank turbine shaft is subjected to fluorescence detection to determine whether there are surface defects on the blank turbine shaft that have not been fused by electron beam welding. If so, rework and rewelding are required.

[0027] Further, step S300 includes the following steps:

[0028] S301, a grinding machine is used to machine the outer circle on the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a positioning datum;

[0029] S302, the positioning datum is used to position the blank turbine shaft, and the outer circle of the blade disk on the blank turbine shaft is machined by a lathe so that the outer circle of the blade disk is coaxial with the positioning datum.

[0030] S303, the outer circle of the blade disk processed in step S302 is used for positioning, and the end face on the blade disk is aligned. The axial reference surface is machined on the aligned end face using a grinding machine to form a reference turbine shaft.

[0031] Further, step S400 includes the following steps:

[0032] S401, using the axial reference plane as a reference, the shaft body of the reference turbine shaft is machined on a lathe to remove most of the excess material from the end face of the shaft body;

[0033] S402 uses a CNC lathe to precision machine the end face of the shaft, so that the length of the reference turbine shaft is machined to the design size;

[0034] S403, a pre-drilled hole is machined on the end face of the shaft using a lathe, and the pre-drilled hole is made coaxial with the shaft;

[0035] S404 uses a drilling machine to pre-drill a semi-finished deep hole that retains a finishing allowance, and forms a semi-finished turbine shaft.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S404, the reference turbine shaft is installed on a machine tool with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft drives the reference turbine shaft to rotate, ensuring that the rotation direction of the rotary shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit of the drilling machine.

[0037] Further, step S500 includes the following steps:

[0038] S501, to finish semi-finished deep holes to bring them to the design dimensions;

[0039] S502, the opening of the deep hole is machined on a lathe to form a positioning cone;

[0040] S503 uses a positioning cone mouth and a first center hole for positioning, and uses a CNC machine to machine the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions;

[0041] S504, Perform dimensional inspection on the semi-finished turbine shaft after processing in step S503 to check if the dimensions meet the requirements. If they do, use CNC machining to machine the oil sealing hole at the end of the deep hole. If they do not meet the requirements, rework is required.

[0042] S505 removes burrs caused by machining the oil sealing holes and forms a finished turbine shaft.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S504, when performing axial dimension detection on the semi-finished turbine shaft, the end face of the shaft is placed on a height platform, and a height measuring instrument is used to measure the height, thereby measuring the axial dimension of the turbine shaft.

[0044] Furthermore, it also includes step S600, which includes the following steps:

[0045] S601, Check the size of the sealing hole;

[0046] S602, Perform dynamic balancing check on the turbine shaft;

[0047] S603 uses a fitter to polish the surface of the precision-machined turbine shaft and uses ultrasonic cleaning to clean the surface of the turbine shaft;

[0048] S604 uses fluorescence to perform non-destructive testing on the turbine shaft. After the test is successful, the turbine shaft is cleaned and packaged.

[0049] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] In the turbine shaft machining process of this invention, firstly, the two ends of the turbine shaft are modified to form center holes for positioning. After positioning through the center holes, the turbine shaft is machined. At this time, during the machining process, the eccentricity and runout of the turbine shaft during rotation meet the requirements, which facilitates the machining process. Since the machining allowance of the blade disk is small, while the machining allowance of the long shaft is large, it is only necessary to control the machining process to remove small allowances when machining the blade disk, and to remove large allowances when machining the long shaft, thus eliminating the problem of insufficient machining allowance in the subsequent correction process due to deformation of the blade disk after electronic welding.

[0051] Next, the positioning outer circle on the turbine shaft is machined by preliminary grinding to form a positioning datum. This positioning datum provides a reference for the subsequent machining of the outer circle of the blade disk and facilitates clamping based on the positioning datum for machining of each outer circle on the turbine shaft. This ensures that the runout and coaxiality of each outer circle are machined with reference to the positioning datum and meet the design requirements. After the positioning datum is machined, the outer circle of the blade disk is turned with reference to the positioning datum to ensure that the coaxiality and runout of the outer circle of the blade disk with the positioning datum meet the requirements. Then, the end face on the blade disk after the outer circle is machined is aligned and ground to form an axial reference surface. This facilitates the subsequent machining of the turbine shaft length with the axial reference surface as the reference, making it easier to control the total length.

[0052] Next, using the axial reference plane as a reference, the end face of the shaft is machined to remove the large allowance of the shaft length. Then, the small allowance at the end of the shaft is removed by CNC milling to ensure the total length of the part and ensure dimensional stability. Moreover, CNC milling is a vertical clamping method, which makes the center of gravity of the part more stable and less prone to clamping deviation compared to the horizontal clamping of the machine. After the length of the turbine shaft is machined to the required position, a pre-drilled hole is made at the end of the shaft to enhance the guidance for subsequent deep hole machining and reduce drill bit offset during the machining process. Then, the pre-drilled hole is rough machined by a driller to form a preliminary deep hole, retaining a certain machining allowance to complete the semi-finishing of the turbine shaft.

[0053] The initial deep hole is then precision reamed to the final size. The machining process of pre-drilling-roughing-precision reaming improves the dimensional accuracy and the quality of deep hole machining, so that the machining accuracy and runout requirements of the deep hole meet the design requirements. At the same time, the deep hole and the top hole of the blade disk are used for positioning, and the semi-finished turbine shaft is machined to the design size to form the finished turbine shaft.

[0054] Finally, the precision-machined turbine shafts are inspected. Defective precision-machined turbine shafts are reworked, while qualified precision-machined turbine shafts are cleaned and packaged.

[0055] In summary, by adopting the above-mentioned turbine shaft machining process, it is ensured that each machining step has a positioning reference, thereby ensuring that the runout and coaxiality between the outer circles meet the requirements. It also ensures that after the electron beam welding correction, there is still a suitable machining allowance, thus ensuring improved machining accuracy. The above process improves the machining accuracy of the turbine shaft, enabling the turbine shaft to meet the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0056] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0057] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the turbine shaft machining process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rough-machined turbine shaft after step S200 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-finished turbine shaft after step S400 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the finished turbine shaft after step S500 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Legend:

[0063] 100. Blade disk; 101. First tip hole;

[0064] 200, Shaft body; 201, Second center hole; 202, Deep hole. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, a turbine shaft machining process according to this embodiment, the turbine shaft including a shaft body 200 and a blade disk 100 disposed on the shaft body 200, includes the following steps:

[0067] S100, select the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk that matches the blank shaft body, and assemble the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk.

[0068] S200 uses electron beam welding to weld the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk to form a blank turbine shaft. The deformation of the welded blank turbine shaft is inspected, and the two side center holes on the blank turbine shaft are corrected according to the inspection results. The two side center holes are made coaxial with the blank turbine shaft and positioned using the corrected center holes. The blank turbine shaft is then rough-machined using a CNC machine to retain some machining allowance to form a rough-machined turbine shaft.

[0069] S300, the rough-machined turbine shaft is machined so that the positioning outer circle on the shaft body 200 of the rough-machined turbine shaft forms a positioning datum, and the axial reference cotton is machined on the blade disk 100 of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a reference turbine shaft.

[0070] S400, semi-finished machining of the reference turbine shaft, machining the total length of the shaft body 200 of the reference turbine shaft to the design size, and machining pre-drilled holes on the end face of the shaft body 200 of the reference turbine shaft to form a semi-finished turbine shaft;

[0071] S500 performs finishing on the semi-finished turbine shaft to machine the pre-drilled holes to the design dimensions and to machine each machined surface of the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions, thereby forming a finished turbine shaft.

[0072] In this embodiment, firstly, center holes for positioning are formed by modifying both ends of the turbine shaft. After positioning through the center holes, the turbine shaft is machined. At this time, the eccentricity and runout of the turbine shaft during rotation meet the requirements, which facilitates the machining of the turbine shaft. Since the machining allowance of the blade disk 100 is small, while the machining allowance of the long shaft is large, it is only necessary to control the machining of the blade disk 100 to remove small allowances and retain the machining allowance of the blade disk 100 in the subsequent machining. When machining the long shaft, large allowances are removed and the machining allowance of the long shaft in the subsequent machining is retained. This eliminates the problem of insufficient machining allowance in the subsequent correction process due to deformation of the blade disk 100 after electronic welding.

[0073] Next, the positioning outer circle on the turbine shaft body 200 is machined by preliminary grinding to form a positioning datum. This positioning datum provides a reference for the subsequent machining of the outer circle of the blade disk 100 and facilitates clamping based on the positioning datum for subsequent machining of each outer circle on the turbine shaft. This ensures that the runout and coaxiality of each outer circle are machined with reference to the positioning datum and meet the design requirements. After the positioning datum is machined, the outer circle of the blade disk 100 is turned with reference to the positioning datum to ensure that the coaxiality and runout of the outer circle of the blade disk 100 with the positioning datum meet the requirements. Then, the end face on the blade disk 100 after the outer circle is machined is aligned and ground to form an axial reference surface, which facilitates the subsequent machining of the turbine shaft length with the axial reference surface as the reference, and facilitates the control of the total length.

[0074] Then, using the axial reference plane as a reference, the end face of the shaft 200 is removed by turning to remove the large allowance of the shaft 200 length. Then, the small allowance at the end of the shaft 200 is removed by CNC milling to ensure the total length of the part and ensure dimensional stability. Moreover, CNC milling is a vertical clamping method, which makes the center of gravity of the part more stable and less prone to clamping deviation compared to the horizontal clamping of the turntable. After the length of the turbine shaft is machined to the required position, a pre-drilled hole is made at the end of the shaft 200 to enhance the guidance for the subsequent machining of the deep hole 202 and reduce the drill bit offset during the machining process. Then, the pre-drilled hole is rough machined by a driller to form the preliminary deep hole 202, leaving a certain machining allowance to complete the semi-finishing of the turbine shaft.

[0075] The initial deep hole 202 is then precision reamed to the final size. The machining process of pre-drilling-roughing-precision reaming is used to improve the dimensional machining accuracy and the machining quality of the deep hole 202, so that the machining accuracy and runout requirements of the deep hole 202 meet the design requirements. At the same time, the deep hole 202 and the center hole of the blade disk 100 are used for positioning, and the machining surfaces of the semi-finished turbine shaft are machined to the design dimensions to form the finished turbine shaft.

[0076] Finally, the precision-machined turbine shafts are inspected. Defective precision-machined turbine shafts are reworked, while qualified precision-machined turbine shafts are cleaned and packaged.

[0077] In summary, by adopting the above-mentioned turbine shaft machining process, it is ensured that each machining step has a positioning reference, thereby ensuring that the runout and coaxiality between the outer circles meet the requirements. It also ensures that after the electron beam welding correction, there is still a suitable machining allowance, thus ensuring improved machining accuracy. The above process improves the machining accuracy of the turbine shaft, enabling the turbine shaft to meet the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0078] Furthermore, the step S100 is followed by the following steps:

[0079] S101, mark the parts on the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk respectively;

[0080] S102, the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk are packaged with support components to protect them during electron beam welding.

[0081] In this embodiment, for step S101, the blank shaft and blank blade disk are labeled by a fitter to facilitate the subsequent identification of the parts.

[0082] For step S102, the support is a box-shaped structure used to fix the blank shaft and the blank blade disk, thereby ensuring that the blank shaft and the blank blade disk remain coaxial during electron beam welding.

[0083] Reference Figure 2Step S200 includes the following steps:

[0084] S201 uses electron beam welding to weld the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk to form a blank turbine shaft;

[0085] S202, check the deformation of the blank turbine shaft and record the deformation of the blade disk 100 on the blank turbine shaft.

[0086] S203 uses X-rays to inspect the fusion of electron beam welding to ensure the integrity of electron beam welding;

[0087] S204, a grinding machine is used to modify the first center hole 101 on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk 100 so that the first center hole 101 meets the design requirements.

[0088] S205, the modified first center hole 101 is used to position and fix the blank turbine shaft, and the second center hole 201 on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk 100 is modified by a lathe.

[0089] S206, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using the first center hole 101 and the second center hole 201, the shape of the blank turbine shaft is modified by CNC turning, and a portion of the machining allowance of the blank turbine shaft is retained to form a rough-machined turbine shaft.

[0090] In this embodiment, for step S202, a plane table, a vernier caliper, or a radial runout measuring instrument is used to detect the runout value of the blade disk 100 on the blank turbine shaft, and the deformation of the blank turbine shaft is checked and recorded so as to facilitate subsequent deformation correction.

[0091] For step S203, X-rays are used to perform a preliminary inspection of the welding position of the electron beam welding through the inner wall of the blank turbine shaft to ensure that the blade disk 100 and the shaft 200 are welded in place. If the welding is in place, subsequent processing is carried out. If there are defects in the welding, it is reworked.

[0092] For step S204, since the electron beam welding part is close to the side of the blade disk 100, after deformation and warping, the further away from the electron beam welding part, the greater the deformation and jump. Therefore, grinding is arranged to correct only the first tip hole 101 measured by the blade disk 100 so that the coaxiality of the first tip hole 101 and the turbine shaft meets the design requirements.

[0093] For step S205, the first center hole 101 is used to position the blank turbine shaft, the outer circle and end face of the blade disk 100 are aligned, and the second center hole 201 of the shaft body 200 is modified with a large margin so that the second center hole 201 is coaxial with the first center hole 101.

[0094] For step S206, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using the first center hole 101 and the second center hole 201, the shape of the blank turbine shaft is corrected by a CNC machine, and the machining allowance of the blank turbine shaft is retained to form a rough-machined turbine shaft.

[0095] Furthermore, after step S205, the blank turbine shaft is subjected to fluorescence detection to determine whether there are surface defects on the blank turbine shaft that have not been fused by electron beam welding. If so, rework and rewelding are required.

[0096] In this embodiment, before performing fluorescence detection, the blank turbine shaft needs to be positioned using the first tip hole 101 and the second tip hole 201 to remove the machining allowance of the outer circle at the welding point between the blade disk 100 and the shaft 200, in preparation for the fluorescence detection seat. After removing the allowance, the welding position of the electron beam welding is further inspected using fluorescence inspection to ensure that the blade disk 100 and the shaft 200 are welded in place. If the welding is in place, subsequent processing is carried out; if there are defects in the welding, rework is carried out.

[0097] Further, step S300 includes the following steps:

[0098] S301, a grinding machine is used to machine the outer circle on the shaft body 200 of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a positioning datum;

[0099] S302, the positioning datum is used to position the blank turbine shaft, and the outer circle of the blade disk 100 on the blank turbine shaft is machined by a lathe so that the outer circle of the blade disk 100 is coaxial with the positioning datum.

[0100] S303, the outer circle of the blade disk 100 processed in step S302 is used for positioning, and the end face on the blade disk 100 is aligned. The axial reference surface is machined on the aligned end face using a grinding machine to form a reference turbine shaft.

[0101] In this embodiment, step S301 is a new process compared to the existing processing technology. It is used to grind the outer circle of the shaft 200 to form a positioning outer circle, which serves as the coaxiality positioning reference for subsequent outer circle processing. This ensures the processing of the outer circle and is beneficial to subsequent outer circle grinding, ensuring dimensions such as runout and coaxiality.

[0102] For step S302, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using a positioning datum, and the outer circle of the blade disk 100 on the blank turbine shaft is machined using a lathe so that the outer circle of the blade disk 100 is coaxial with the positioning datum.

[0103] For step S303, the outer diameter of the blade disk 100 processed in step S302 is used for positioning, and the end face on the blade disk 100 is aligned. The aligned end face is then machined using a grinding machine to create an axial reference surface, forming a reference turbine shaft. This ensures that a good dimensional measurement reference is available for subsequent axial dimensions, making it easier to guarantee the dimensions.

[0104] Further, step S400 includes the following steps:

[0105] S401, using the axial reference plane as a reference, the shaft body 200 of the reference turbine shaft is machined on a lathe to remove most of the excess material from the end face of the shaft body 200;

[0106] S402 uses a CNC lathe to precision machine the end face of the shaft 200, so that the length of the reference turbine shaft is machined to the design size;

[0107] S403, a pre-drilled hole is machined on the end face of the shaft 200 using a lathe, and the pre-drilled hole is made coaxial with the shaft 200;

[0108] S404 uses a drilling machine to pre-drill a semi-finished deep hole that retains a finishing allowance, and forms a semi-finished turbine shaft.

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, the axial reference plane is the L-plane. The shaft body 200 of the reference turbine shaft is machined using a lathe to remove most of the excess material from the end face of the shaft body 200. Then, CNC milling is used for further finishing to ensure the total length of the shaft body 200, thereby ensuring the total length of the part and ensuring dimensional stability. Moreover, CNC milling uses vertical clamping, which makes the center of gravity of the part more stable and less prone to clamping deviation compared to horizontal clamping by a lathe. After the length of the turbine shaft is machined to the required position, a pre-drilled hole is made at the end of the shaft body 200 to enhance the guidance for subsequent deep hole 202 machining and reduce drill bit offset during the machining process. Then, the pre-drilled hole is rough-machined by a drill bit to form the preliminary deep hole 202, retaining a certain machining allowance to complete the semi-finishing of the turbine shaft.

[0110] Furthermore, in step S404, the reference turbine shaft is installed on a machine tool with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft drives the reference turbine shaft to rotate, ensuring that the rotation direction of the rotary shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit of the drilling machine.

[0111] In this embodiment, the machining of the deep hole 202 is optimized. On the one hand, the surface of the shaft 200 is used for positioning, thereby lengthening the clamping surface. On the other hand, the reference turbine shaft is mounted on a machine tool with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft drives the reference turbine shaft to rotate. The rotation direction of the rotary shaft is ensured to be opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit of the drilling machine, thereby improving the machining accuracy of the deep hole 202.

[0112] Further, step S500 includes the following steps:

[0113] S501, finish the semi-finished deep hole to machine it to the design size and form deep hole 202;

[0114] S502, the opening of the deep hole 202 is machined on a lathe to form a positioning cone;

[0115] S503 uses a positioning cone mouth and a first center hole for positioning, and uses a CNC machine to machine the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions;

[0116] S504, Perform dimensional inspection on the semi-finished turbine shaft after processing in step S503 to check if the dimensions meet the requirements. If they do, use CNC machining to process the oil sealing hole at the end of the deep hole 202. If they do not meet the requirements, rework is required.

[0117] S505 removes burrs caused by machining the oil sealing holes and forms a finished turbine shaft.

[0118] In this embodiment, for step S501, a fitter performs finishing on the semi-finished deep hole 202 to make the semi-finished deep hole 202 machined to the design size. The step-by-step machining method of pre-drilling-roughing-finishing improves the dimensional machining accuracy and the machining quality of the deep hole 202 of the part.

[0119] For step S502, the tip of the deep hole 202 will be machined into a tapered opening with a 60° angle to facilitate clamping of the turbine shaft.

[0120] For step S503, as Figure 4 The image shows the completed state of the turbine shaft. During machining, a locating cone and the first center hole are used for positioning. A CNC lathe is then used to machine the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions. Specifically, the machining process includes the following steps: 0 turning - 10 CNC turning - 20 milling - 30 fitter work - 40 grinding - 50 grinding - 60 grinding - 70 grinding - 80 grinding - 90 fitter work - 100 thread grinding - 110 CNC milling - 120 CNC milling - 130 fitter work. Turning step 0 is used to chamfer one end of the blade disk 100, and turning step 10 is used for... The outer circle of the blade disk 100 is precision machined to achieve the designed state. Milling operation 20 is used to mill the hexagonal connecting shaft at one end of the blade disk 100. Bench operation 30 is used to remove the burrs produced after milling. Grinding operation 40-80 is used to machine the outer circles on the shaft 200. Bench operation 90 is used to grind the sharp edges produced after machining the outer circle. 100 is used to machine the threads for the outer circle that needs to have threaded sections. CNC milling operation 110-120 is used to machine the outer circle holes and grooves. Bench operation 130 is used to remove all burrs on the turbine shaft.

[0121] For step S504, the oil sealing holes, which were originally machined simultaneously with the output of step 10, are now machined after dimensional inspection. This is because after the original oil sealing holes are machined, the taper of the first center point is destroyed, and the runout, coaxiality, and other geometric tolerances of multiple outer circles will lose their original measurement reference, making it impossible to use a runout meter for measurement, which will greatly increase the measurement cost. Therefore, dimensional inspection is performed first, and then the oil sealing holes are opened.

[0122] Furthermore, in step S504, when inspecting the axial dimension of the semi-finished turbine shaft, the end face of the shaft 200 is placed on a height platform, and a height measuring instrument is used to measure the height, thereby measuring the axial dimension of the turbine shaft. In this embodiment, the measurement method is improved by adding a height platform, placing the part on the height platform, and using a height measuring instrument for measurement. This method is convenient and efficient for dimension inspection, with small measurement errors, reducing the risk of dimensional deviations.

[0123] Furthermore, it also includes step S600, which includes the following steps:

[0124] S601, Check the size of the sealing hole;

[0125] S602, Perform dynamic balancing check on the turbine shaft;

[0126] S603 uses a fitter to polish the surface of the precision-machined turbine shaft and uses ultrasonic cleaning to clean the surface of the turbine shaft;

[0127] S604 uses fluorescence to perform non-destructive testing on the turbine shaft. After the test is successful, the turbine shaft is cleaned and packaged.

[0128] In this embodiment, the machined turbine shaft is inspected sequentially to improve the pass rate of the finished turbine shaft. At the same time, a fitter further polishes the surface of the turbine shaft to remove burrs and make the surface roughness of the turbine shaft meet the design requirements.

[0129] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turbine shaft machining process, the turbine shaft comprising a shaft body (200) and a blade disk (100) disposed on the shaft body (200), characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100, select the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk that matches the blank shaft body, and assemble the blank shaft body and the blank blade disk. S200 uses electron beam welding to weld the blank shaft body and blank blade disk to form a blank turbine shaft. The deformation of the welded blank turbine shaft is inspected, and the center holes on both ends of the blank turbine shaft are corrected according to the inspection results. The center holes are made coaxial with the blank turbine shaft. Then, the corrected center holes are used for positioning, and the blank turbine shaft is rough machined by CNC turning to retain some machining allowance to form a rough machined turbine shaft. S300, the rough-machined turbine shaft is machined so that the positioning outer circle on the shaft body (200) of the rough-machined turbine shaft forms a positioning datum, and the axial datum surface is machined on the blade disk (100) of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a datum turbine shaft; S400, the reference turbine shaft is semi-finished by machining the total length of the shaft body (200) of the reference turbine shaft to the design size, and pre-drilling holes are machined on the end face of the shaft body (200) of the reference turbine shaft to form a semi-finished turbine shaft; S500 performs finishing on the semi-finished turbine shaft to machine the pre-drilled holes to the design dimensions and to machine each machined surface of the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions to form a finished turbine shaft; Step S200 includes the following steps: S201, electron beam welding is used to weld the blank shaft body (200) and the blank blade disk (100) to form a blank turbine shaft; S202, check the deformation of the blank turbine shaft and record the deformation of the blade disk (100) on the blank turbine shaft. S203 uses X-rays to inspect the fusion of electron beam welding to ensure the integrity of electron beam welding; S204, a grinding machine is used to modify the first center hole (101) on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk (100) so that the first center hole (101) meets the design requirements; S205, the modified first center hole (101) is used to position and fix the blank turbine shaft, and the second center hole (201) on the end of the blank turbine shaft near the blade disk (100) is modified by a lathe. S206, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using the first center hole (101) and the second center hole (201), the shape of the blank turbine shaft is modified by CNC turning, and a portion of the machining allowance of the blank turbine shaft is retained to form a rough-machined turbine shaft. Step S300 includes the following steps: S301, a grinding machine is used to machine the outer circle on the shaft body (200) of the rough-machined turbine shaft to form a positioning datum; S302, the blank turbine shaft is positioned using a positioning datum, and the outer circle on the blade disk (100) on the blank turbine shaft is machined using a lathe so that the outer circle on the blade disk (100) is coaxial with the positioning datum; S303, the outer circle of the blade disk (100) processed in step S302 is used for positioning, and the end face on the blade disk (100) is aligned. The axial reference surface is machined on the aligned end face using a grinding machine to form a reference turbine shaft.

2. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following steps are included after step S100: S101, mark the parts on the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk respectively; S102, the assembled blank shaft and blank blade disk are packaged with support components to protect them during electron beam welding.

3. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S205 further includes performing fluorescence detection on the blank turbine shaft to determine whether there are surface defects on the blank turbine shaft that have not been fused by electron beam welding. If so, rework and rewelding are required.

4. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S400 includes the following steps: S401, using the axial reference plane as a reference, the shaft body (200) of the reference turbine shaft is machined on a lathe to remove most of the allowance on the end face of the shaft body (200); S402, the end face of the shaft (200) is precision machined using a CNC lathe so that the length of the reference turbine shaft is machined to the design size; S403, a pre-drilled hole is machined on the end face of the shaft (200) using a lathe, and the pre-drilled hole is made coaxial with the shaft (200); S404 uses a drilling machine to pre-drill a semi-finished deep hole that retains a finishing allowance, and forms a semi-finished turbine shaft.

5. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S404, the reference turbine shaft is installed on a machine tool with a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft drives the reference turbine shaft to rotate, ensuring that the rotation direction of the rotary shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit of the drilling machine.

6. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S500 includes the following steps: S501, finish the semi-finished deep hole to machine it to the design size and form a deep hole (202); S502, the opening of the deep hole (202) is machined by a lathe to form a positioning cone; S503 uses a positioning cone mouth and a first center hole for positioning, and uses a CNC machine to machine the semi-finished turbine shaft to the design dimensions; S504, Perform dimensional inspection on the semi-finished turbine shaft after processing in step S503 to check if the dimensions meet the requirements. If they do, use CNC machining to process the oil sealing hole at the end of the deep hole (202). If they do not meet the requirements, rework is required. S505 removes burrs caused by machining the oil sealing holes and forms a finished turbine shaft.

7. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S504, when performing axial dimension detection on the semi-finished turbine shaft, the end face of the shaft (200) is placed on a height platform, and a height measuring instrument is used to measure the height, thereby measuring the axial dimension of the turbine shaft.

8. The turbine shaft machining process according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes step S600, which includes the following steps: S601, Check the size of the sealing hole; S602, Perform dynamic balancing check on the turbine shaft; S603 uses a fitter to polish the surface of the precision-machined turbine shaft and uses ultrasonic cleaning to clean the surface of the turbine shaft; S604 uses fluorescence to perform non-destructive testing on the turbine shaft. After the test is successful, the turbine shaft is cleaned and packaged.

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