Protective buffer device and rail vehicle having the same

Abstract

The application provides a protective buffer device and a railway vehicle with the same. The device comprises a primary buffer structure and a secondary buffer structure. The primary buffer structure comprises a first buffer layer, a second buffer layer and a third buffer layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The first buffer layer and the third buffer layer are made of the same material, and the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are made of different materials. The materials and sizes of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are selected so that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave of the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer meets the preset requirement. The secondary buffer structure comprises an upper base, a lower base, a buffer unit and a connecting part. The buffer unit is arranged between the upper base and the lower base, and the connecting part is used for connecting the upper base and the lower base. The lower base is connected with the third buffer layer. The application can solve the technical problem of poor vertical buffering effect of the buffer in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transportation technology, and in particular to a protective buffer device and a rail vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] In terms of crashworthiness design, modern rail vehicle structures divide the train longitudinally into zones and use combinations of different energy-absorbing structures to rationally match the longitudinal stiffness of the train. This ensures that each level of energy-absorbing structure can systematically absorb kinetic energy during a collision, maximizing the structural stability of the passenger compartment in the middle of the car body and thus guaranteeing passenger safety. However, in major engineering projects such as high-speed / ultra-high-speed maglev trains and commercial aerospace electromagnetic booster launches, failures such as superconducting magnet quenching can subject the vehicle to enormous vertical impact loads.

[0003] With the increase in train speed and total traction weight in my country, higher requirements have been placed on buffer devices, and many existing buffer devices are no longer able to meet the needs of transportation development. Currently, the vertical buffering effect of existing buffers is poor, which can cause train instability, severe vibration, and reduced passenger comfort. In severe cases, it can even cause major safety accidents such as train derailment and rollover, resulting in significant losses to national and public property. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a protective buffer device and a rail vehicle having the same, which can solve the technical problem of poor vertical buffering effect of the buffer in the prior art.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a protective buffer device is provided, the device comprising a primary buffer structure and a secondary buffer structure;

[0006] The primary buffer structure includes a first buffer layer, a second buffer layer, and a third buffer layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The first buffer layer and the third buffer layer are made of the same material, while the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are made of different materials. The materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer ensure that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave of the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer meets the preset requirements.

[0007] The secondary buffer structure includes an upper base, a lower base, a buffer unit, and a connecting part. The buffer unit is disposed between the upper base and the lower base. The connecting part is used to connect the upper base and the lower base. The lower base is connected to the third buffer layer.

[0008] Preferably, the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are determined by the following method:

[0009] Obtain the force balance equation and velocity continuity equation at the interface between the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer;

[0010] The relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress is obtained based on the force balance equation and the velocity continuity equation.

[0011] The materials and dimensions of the first and second buffer layers are selected based on the relationship between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress and the preset requirements for stress penetration rate.

[0012] Preferably, the materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer satisfy the following conditions:

[0013]

[0014] In the formula, ρ1 is the density of the first buffer layer, ρ2 is the density of the second buffer layer, E1 is the Young's modulus of the first buffer layer, E2 is the Young's modulus of the second buffer layer, A1 is the area of ​​the upper surface of the first buffer layer, A2 is the area of ​​the lower surface of the second buffer layer, and a is a preset value.

[0015] Preferably, the preset value a is 0.1.

[0016] Preferably, the force balance equation is obtained through the following formula:

[0017] A1(σ i +σ r )=A2σ t ;

[0018] The velocity continuity equation is obtained through the following formula:

[0019] v i +v r =v t ;

[0020] The relationship between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress can be obtained using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] in,

[0023] In the formula, σ i For the incident wave stress, σ r For the reflected wave stress, σ t For transmitted wave stress, v i v is the velocity of the incident wave entering the first buffer layer. r v is the velocity of the reflected wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers. t The velocity of the transmitted wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers.

[0024] Preferably, the first buffer layer and the third buffer layer are both made of steel, and the second buffer layer is made of rubber or ceramic.

[0025] Preferably, the angle between the lower surface and the side surface of the first buffer layer is an obtuse angle.

[0026] Preferably, the buffer unit includes a circumferential buffer portion, a first vertical buffer portion, and a second vertical buffer portion; the upper base has a "T"-shaped structure, the lower base has an "H"-shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the lower base has a through hole, while the end face of the vertical section of the upper base has a connecting hole, with the vertical section of the upper base inserted into the through hole; the circumferential buffer portion is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base and located within the through hole; the first vertical buffer portion is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base and located between the horizontal section of the upper base and the horizontal section of the lower base; the connecting portion enters the connecting hole from the lower side of the horizontal section of the lower base to connect the upper base and the lower base; the second vertical buffer portion is sleeved on the connecting portion and located between the end face of the horizontal section of the lower base and the connecting portion.

[0027] Preferably, the device further includes a flange for connecting the lower base to the third buffer layer.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, a rail vehicle with a protective buffer device is provided, the vehicle comprising a bogie and a protective buffer device connected to the bogie, the protective buffer device being any of the protective buffer devices described above.

[0029] By applying the technical solution of this invention, in the primary buffer structure, materials and dimensions that meet preset requirements are selected for the first and second buffer layers to ensure that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave from the vertical load at the interface between the first and second buffer layers meets preset requirements. The impact force is further mitigated by the buffer units of the secondary buffer structure. This invention improves buffering efficiency through a two-stage buffer structure and significantly attenuates the enormous vertical impact load generated instantaneously by a faulty rail collision, thereby enhancing passenger comfort. Furthermore, the two-stage buffer structures operate on different principles, allowing for greater adjustment flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the textual description, explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a protective buffer device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 The diagram shows the propagation of the stress wave of the vertical load generated at the moment of impact with the rail in the first buffer structure.

[0033] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0034] 10. Primary buffer structure; 11. First buffer layer;

[0035] 12. Second buffer layer; 13. Third buffer layer;

[0036] 20. Two-stage buffer structure; 21. Upper base; 22. Lower base;

[0037] 23. Buffer unit; 231. Circumferential buffer section;

[0038] 232. First vertical buffer section; 233. Second vertical buffer section; 24. Connecting section. Detailed Implementation

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a protective buffer device, the device comprising a primary buffer structure 10 and a secondary buffer structure 20;

[0043] The primary buffer structure 10 includes a first buffer layer 11, a second buffer layer 12, and a third buffer layer 13 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The first buffer layer 11 and the third buffer layer 13 are made of the same material, while the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 are made of different materials. The materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 ensure that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave of the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 meets the preset requirements.

[0044] The secondary buffer structure 20 includes an upper base 21, a lower base 22, a buffer unit 23, and a connecting part 24. The buffer unit 23 is disposed between the upper base 21 and the lower base 22. The connecting part 24 is used to connect the upper base 21 and the lower base 22. The lower base 22 is connected to the third buffer layer 13.

[0045] In this invention, the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 in the primary buffer structure 10 meet preset requirements, so that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave of the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 meets the preset requirements; the impact force is further mitigated by the buffer unit 23 of the secondary buffer structure 20. This invention improves buffering efficiency through a two-stage buffer structure and significantly attenuates the huge impact load generated instantaneously by a faulty rail collision, thereby improving passenger comfort. Furthermore, the two-stage buffer structures operate on different principles, allowing for greater adjustment flexibility.

[0046] Furthermore, in this invention, the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 are determined by the following method:

[0047] Step 1: Obtain the force balance equation and velocity continuity equation at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12;

[0048] The force balance equation is obtained through the following formula:

[0049] A1(σ i +σ r )=A2σ t ;

[0050] The velocity continuity equation is obtained through the following formula:

[0051] v i +v r =v t ;

[0052] Step 2: Obtain the relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress based on the force balance equation and the velocity continuity equation;

[0053] The relationship between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress is obtained by the following formula:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Step 3: Select the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 according to the relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress and the preset requirements for stress penetration rate;

[0057] The materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 satisfy the following conditions:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, σ i For the incident wave stress, σ r For the reflected wave stress, σ t For transmitted wave stress, v i v is the velocity of the incident wave entering the first buffer layer. r v is the velocity of the reflected wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers. tLet ρ1 be the velocity of the transmitted wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers, ρ2 be the density of the first buffer layer, ρ1 be the density of the second buffer layer, E1 be the Young's modulus of the first buffer layer, E2 be the Young's modulus of the second buffer layer, A1 be the area of ​​the upper surface of the first buffer layer, A2 be the area of ​​the lower surface of the second buffer layer, and a be a preset value.

[0060] By utilizing the above settings, the propagation characteristics of stress waves between different materials and different geometries are taken into account, thereby reducing the penetration rate of stress waves at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12.

[0061] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preset requirement for stress penetration rate is: the transmitted wave stress passing through the interface between the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer is less than 10% of the incident wave stress; therefore, the preset value a is 0.1.

[0062] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first buffer layer 11 and the third buffer layer 13 can both be made of steel, and the second buffer layer 12 can be made of rubber or ceramic. The selection of these materials can satisfy the preset requirements for stress penetration rate, enabling the primary buffer structure 10 to function as both a wear plate and a vertical buffering effect.

[0063] The primary buffer structure 10 in this embodiment can be improved based on the original wear plate structure for solving wear problems. It innovatively utilizes the propagation, reflection, and transmission characteristics of stress waves between different materials and geometries. Without changing the geometric shape of the wear plate, a multi-layer buffer structure similar to a sandwich structure is obtained by cleverly designing the distribution and size of the constituent materials of multiple buffer layers to provide primary buffering of impact forces. For ease of processing, it can also be designed as a structure in which the outer layer wraps the inner layer, where the outer layer is the first buffer layer 11 and the third buffer layer 13, and the inner layer is the second buffer layer 12.

[0064] Furthermore, in this invention, under normal operating conditions, the train's motion includes not only longitudinal translation but also lateral and vertical translation, as well as rotation in three directions. Since the track on which it moves has rail gaps, there is a risk of the train getting stuck in the gaps. To ensure that the first buffer layer 11 installed on the train bogie can smoothly pass through the rail gaps under normal operating conditions, the angle between the lower surface and the side surface of the first buffer layer 11 is an obtuse angle.

[0065] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the lower surface and the side surface of the first buffer layer 11 is 135°.

[0066] Furthermore, in this invention, as Figure 1As shown, the buffer unit 23 includes a circumferential buffer portion 231, a first vertical buffer portion 232, and a second vertical buffer portion 233; the upper base 21 has a "T"-shaped structure, and the lower base 22 has an "H"-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the lower base 22 has a through hole, and the vertical end face of the upper base 21 has a connecting hole. The vertical section of the upper base 21 is inserted into the through hole; the circumferential buffer portion 231 is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base 21 and is located at the through hole. The first vertical buffer portion 232 is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base 21 and is located between the horizontal section of the upper base 21 and the horizontal section of the lower base 22; the connecting portion 24 enters the connecting hole from the lower side of the horizontal section of the lower base 22 to realize the connection between the upper base 21 and the lower base 22; the second vertical buffer portion 233 is sleeved on the connecting portion 24 and is located between the horizontal section of the lower base 22 and the end face of the connecting portion 24.

[0067] With the above configuration, the secondary buffer structure 20 mitigates the impact force by filling the cavity formed by the upper and lower bases (21, 22) with buffer material. Compared with spring elements, the filling buffer material has the advantages of freely definite shape, flexible stiffness design in all directions, and high internal resistance.

[0068] Furthermore, in this invention, the device also includes a flange for connecting the lower base 22 and the third buffer layer 13, so as to securely connect the primary buffer structure 10 and the secondary buffer structure 20.

[0069] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the connector can be fastening bolts, and the upper and lower bases (21, 22) as well as the circumferential buffer part 231 and the vertical buffer part (232, 233) are connected together by fastening bolts.

[0070] To gain a further understanding of the present invention, the following provides a detailed description of the selection method for the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 in the protective buffer device of the present invention.

[0071] In this embodiment, the method for selecting the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1, refer to Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the propagation of the stress wave from the vertical load generated at the moment of impact with the rail in the first buffer structure reveals the following force balance equation at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12:

[0073] A1(σ i +σ r )=A2σ t ;

[0074] Meanwhile, the velocity of the stress wave at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 is continuous; therefore, the velocity continuity equation is as follows:

[0075] v i +v r =v t .

[0076] Step 2: Based on the force balance equation and the velocity continuity equation, the relationship between the transmitted wave stress and the incident wave stress can be expressed as follows:

[0077]

[0078] The relationship between the reflected wave stress and the incident wave stress is expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] in,

[0081] From the above formula, we can see that when z2 / z1 << 1, σ t ≈0, σ r ≈-σ i That is, when the area, density, and Young's modulus of the lower surface of the second buffer layer are much smaller than those of the upper surface of the first buffer layer, almost all incident waves are reflected at the interface. Therefore, the softer the second buffer layer 12 and the smaller the area of ​​its lower surface, the better the buffering effect.

[0082] Step 3: Select the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 according to the relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress and the preset requirements for stress penetration rate;

[0083] In this embodiment, the preset requirement for stress penetration rate is: the transmitted wave stress passing through the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 is less than 10% of the incident wave stress, i.e., the preset value a is 0.1; therefore, the materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 must meet the following conditions:

[0084]

[0085] Simplifying the above, we get:

[0086] Step 4: Since the first buffer layer 11 and the third buffer layer 13 act as wear plates, the materials of the wear plates are mainly various types of steel. The density and Young's modulus of the steel materials vary little between different types, and the density is generally taken as 7850 kg / m³. 3The Young's modulus is taken as 206 GPa. The density and Young's modulus of ductile iron are slightly lower, ranging from 7000 to 7400 kg / m³. 3 The density is 1700 GPa; stainless steel has a slightly higher density, with austenitic stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9 having a density of 7930 kg / m³. 3 Based on the principle of selecting materials with the highest possible density and Young's modulus, austenitic stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9 with a relatively high density was selected from materials suitable for processing wear plates as the material for the first buffer layer 11 and the third buffer layer 13.

[0087] Step 5: To meet the design requirements of this invention and ensure that the incident wave entering the first buffer layer 11 is reflected as much as possible, the second buffer layer 12 should be made of a low-density, low-Young's modulus material. By using Young's modulus-density performance curves for various materials, the density and Young's modulus ranges of each material are obtained. The density of the polymer material is approximately 770–2200 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 0.1–7 GPa; the density of the rubber material is approximately 770–2200 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus ranges from 0.09 to 110 MPa; the density of the ceramic material is approximately 1900 to 10600 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 50–1000 GPa; the density of the composite material is approximately 1250–2100 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 11–200 GPa; the density of the natural material is approximately 110–1100 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 12 MPa to 30 GPa; the density of the foam material is approximately 14 to 440 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 0.2–800 MPa. While meeting the requirements of low density and low Young's modulus, the second buffer layer 12, as one of the components of the wear plate, should also meet certain strength requirements. Through strength-density curves of various materials, the approximate strength ranges of each material are obtained: polymer materials have a strength of approximately 1.6–100 MPa, rubber materials approximately 0.7–140 MPa, ceramic materials approximately 0.9–2400 MPa, composite materials approximately 80–1100 MPa, natural materials approximately 0.24–80 MPa, and foam materials approximately 0.01–11 MPa. Therefore, considering the Young's modulus, density, and strength of the materials, and prioritizing the selection of materials with low density and low Young's modulus that meet the strength requirements, rubber-based materials are selected as the material for the second buffer layer 12 in this embodiment.

[0088] Step Six: Since the material of the first buffer layer 11 selected in Step Three is austenitic stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9, with a density ρ1 = 7930 kg / m³,3 Young's modulus E1 = 206 GPa, cross-sectional area A1 = 120 × 70 = 8400 mm² 2 To satisfy the above formula, the specific types of rubber materials are selected according to Table 1.

[0089] Table 1. Density and Young's modulus of different rubber materials

[0090]

[0091] As shown in Table 1, when any rubber material is selected, the requirement that the transmitted wave stress passing through the interface between the first and second buffer layers is less than 10% of the incident wave stress is met, and the cross-sectional ratio of any second buffer layer 12 to the first buffer layer 11 also meets the requirement. For ease of processing, let A2 = A1.

[0092] Among the various materials listed in Table 1, butyl rubber has poor processability, poor adhesion and mutual adhesion, and low bonding strength; natural rubber is not resistant to strong acids, aging, oil, and solvents; isoprene rubber has slightly lower adhesion, fatigue resistance, and processability than natural rubber; polyurethane elastomers have properties between plastics and rubbers, and are resistant to oil, wear, low temperatures, and aging; chloroprene rubber has poor processability, is soluble in many organic solvents, and slightly soluble in water. Considering processability and service reliability in complex environments, polyurethane was selected as the material for the second buffer layer 12. Calculations show that selecting austenitic stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9 as the material for the first buffer layer 11 and polyurethane as the material for the second buffer layer 12 meets the design requirements.

[0093] Step 7: Verify the protective buffer device in this embodiment using the collision overload equation; the collision overload equation is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, N is the vertical overload coefficient, m is the mass involved in the train's fall collision, g is the gravitational acceleration, n1 is the buffer efficiency of the primary buffer structure (0.01 in this embodiment), n2 is the buffer efficiency of the secondary buffer structure (0.4 in this embodiment), and s z v represents the vertical compression of the secondary buffer structure. z It represents the instantaneous vertical velocity at the moment of collision between the train and the track.

[0096] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the vertical stiffness of the secondary buffer structure 20 is 3e6 N / m and the circumferential stiffness is 1.7e6 N / m, and the instantaneous vertical velocity v of the train colliding with the track is... z=0.35m / s². Based on the requirements of a buffer efficiency ≥40% and average stiffness meeting the specifications, sample testing shows that the vertical overload coefficient during a train drop impact is 1.6g. If there is no primary buffer structure 10, and only the secondary buffer structure 20 is used for buffering, the vertical overload coefficient during a train drop impact is 4.1g. Therefore, the primary buffer structure 10 reduces the vertical overload coefficient during a train drop impact by 61%.

[0097] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle with a protective buffer device, the vehicle including a bogie and a protective buffer device, the protective buffer device being connected to the bogie, and the protective buffer device being any of the protective buffer devices described above.

[0098] In this invention, the use of a two-stage buffer in the rail vehicle improves the buffering efficiency and significantly attenuates the huge impact load generated by the instantaneous vertical impact of a fault on the rail, thereby improving passenger comfort.

[0099] In summary, this invention provides a protective buffer device and a rail vehicle incorporating it. In the primary buffer structure 10, the materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 are selected to meet preset requirements, ensuring that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave from the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer 11 and the second buffer layer 12 meets preset requirements. The impact force is further mitigated by the buffer unit 23 of the secondary buffer structure 20. This invention improves buffering efficiency through a two-stage buffer structure and significantly attenuates the enormous vertical impact load generated instantaneously by a rail collision due to a fault, thereby enhancing passenger comfort. Furthermore, the two-stage buffer structures operate on different principles, allowing for greater adjustability.

[0100] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0101] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0102] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0103] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protective cushioning device, characterized in that, The device includes a primary buffer structure (10) and a secondary buffer structure (20). The primary buffer structure (10) includes a first buffer layer (11), a second buffer layer (12), and a third buffer layer (13) arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The first buffer layer (11) and the third buffer layer (13) are made of the same material, while the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) are made of different materials. The materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) ensure that the stress penetration rate of the stress wave of the vertical load at the interface between the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) meets the preset requirements. The secondary buffer structure (20) includes an upper base (21), a lower base (22), a buffer unit (23), and a connecting part (24). The buffer unit (23) is disposed between the upper base (21) and the lower base (22). The connecting part (24) is used to connect the upper base (21) and the lower base (22). The lower base (22) is connected to the third buffer layer (13). The materials and dimensions selected for the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) satisfy the following conditions: ； In the formula, the density of the first buffer layer, the density of the second buffer layer, the Young's modulus of the first buffer layer, the Young's modulus of the second buffer layer, A1 is the area of the upper surface of the first buffer layer, A2 is the area of the lower surface of the second buffer layer, and a is a preset value.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) are determined by the following method: Obtain the force balance equation and velocity continuity equation at the interface between the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12); The relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress is obtained based on the force balance equation and the velocity continuity equation. The materials and dimensions of the first buffer layer (11) and the second buffer layer (12) are selected according to the relationship expression between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress and the preset requirements of stress penetration rate.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The force balance equation can be obtained using the following formula: ； The velocity continuity equation is obtained through the following formula: ； The relationship between transmitted wave stress and incident wave stress can be obtained using the following formula: ； in, ; In the formula, For incident wave stress, For the reflected wave stress, For transmitted wave stress, The velocity of the incident wave entering the first buffer layer, The velocity of the reflected wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers. The velocity of the transmitted wave at the interface between the first and second buffer layers.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first buffer layer (11) and the third buffer layer (13) are both made of steel, and the second buffer layer (12) is made of rubber or ceramic.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The angle between the lower surface and the side surface of the first buffer layer (11) is an obtuse angle.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The buffer unit (23) includes a circumferential buffer section (231), a first vertical buffer section (232), and a second vertical buffer section (233); the upper base (21) has a "T" shaped structure, the lower base (22) has an "H" shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the lower base (22) has a through hole, the vertical section end face of the upper base (21) has a connecting hole, and the vertical section of the upper base (21) is inserted into the through hole; the circumferential buffer section (231) is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base (21) and is located within the through hole; The first vertical buffer portion (232) is sleeved on the vertical section of the upper base (21) and is located between the horizontal section of the upper base (21) and the horizontal section of the lower base (22); the connecting portion (24) enters the connecting hole from the lower side of the horizontal section of the lower base (22) to realize the connection between the upper base (21) and the lower base (22); the second vertical buffer portion (233) is sleeved on the connecting portion (24) and is located between the horizontal section of the lower base (22) and the end face of the connecting portion (24).

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The device also includes a flange for connecting the lower base (22) and the third buffer layer (13).

8. A rail vehicle with a protective buffer device, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a bogie and a protective buffer device, the protective buffer device being connected to the bogie, and the protective buffer device being any of the protective buffer devices described in claims 1-7.

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