Vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment integrated vacuum device and processing method

Abstract

This invention provides an integrated vacuum device and method for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment. The device includes: a housing; a first heat-resistant partition, which, when in the first partition position, divides the vacuum space into an independent welding vacuum chamber and a heat treatment vacuum chamber; and when in the first connected position, the welding vacuum chamber and the heat treatment vacuum chamber are connected; a heat treatment stand located within the heat treatment vacuum chamber; a first guide rail; and a welding trolley for placing the metal component to be welded, which can move along the first guide rail to the heat treatment vacuum chamber after welding to transfer the welded metal component to the heat treatment stand. This invention employs in-situ heat treatment of the metal component, eliminating the need to wait for the vacuum transport to be removed before heat treatment, saving process time and reducing costs; and effectively preventing post-weld residual stress-induced failures common in traditional treatment methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding and heat treatment technology, specifically relating to an integrated vacuum device and method for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the aerospace, marine, and nuclear power industries have increasingly demanded higher requirements for the dimensions, manufacturing precision, and performance of key structures in major equipment, placing ever higher demands on welding, a critical manufacturing process for major equipment. Traditional arc welding methods, due to their low welding efficiency, high heat input, and large residual stress and deformation at the joints, are increasingly unable to meet the requirements for precision, performance, and production efficiency.

[0003] High-energy beam welding—including electron beam welding and laser welding—is increasingly used in aerospace, deep-sea, and nuclear power industries due to its high welding efficiency, high reliability, and excellent joint performance. However, electron beam welding requires a high vacuum environment and suffers from radiation, discharge, and magnetic deflection, resulting in high welding costs, posing a significant obstacle, especially for welding large-scale, critical equipment. Traditional laser welding is not limited by a vacuum environment and can achieve high-quality welding in air. However, traditional laser welding in air suffers from significant energy loss due to plasma plumes, typically limiting it to welding components with relatively small plate thicknesses (<10 mm). Research has found that lasers in a vacuum environment (i.e., with reduced ambient pressure) can reduce plasma plumes, thereby reducing energy loss, significantly increasing weld penetration, reducing spatter, reducing porosity, and improving weld quality. For example, when the ambient pressure is reduced to a low vacuum of 100 Pa, the penetration depth of alloy vacuum laser welding can even reach 2-3 times that in atmospheric environment. In particular, recent breakthroughs in high-power lasers have made vacuum laser welding of ultra-thick alloys in the hundreds of millimeters range possible. Compared with electron beam welding, vacuum laser welding requires a vacuum level that is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower, and it eliminates the need for demagnetization, discharge, and shielding protection, resulting in a significant reduction in cost. Therefore, vacuum laser welding has great application potential in the fabrication of large-size thick plate structures.

[0004] Currently, existing patents describe conventional vacuum laser welding devices for large components. For example, patent CN201510822928 (A High-Power Vacuum Laser Welding Device) discloses a method of creating a large vacuum chamber, placing the entire metal component inside, and then performing vacuum laser welding. However, when welding thick components with high-power lasers, the laser, acting as a single heat source, easily causes a high temperature gradient between the top and bottom surfaces, resulting in poor weld quality. Patent CN202211485440 (Vacuum Laser Welding System and Method) creates a vacuum chamber, places the entire component inside, and uses a reflective device to reflect the laser to the back side, achieving vacuum laser welding of the entire metal component. The advantage of this device is that it can increase the energy at the back side, but the energy reflection is limited, and energy compensation for thick metal components is limited. In addition, this device has poor applicability to high-power lasers. Furthermore, the above vacuum laser welding equipment or systems also share common shortcomings:

[0005] Because the laser is the sole heat source, uneven weld temperature is highly likely during vacuum laser welding, especially for thick and large-sized components, leading to poor weld quality and making welding difficult, particularly with materials lacking plasticity. Furthermore, for thick components, the laser energy required for penetration increases significantly with thickness; excessively concentrated laser energy can easily cause material spatter and cutting during welding, resulting in weld defects. Additionally, laser welding of thick plates can cause intense eddy currents in the molten pool, leading to instability and defects. This significantly hinders the application of vacuum laser welding in thick and large-sized components. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device to mitigate temperature differences along the thickness of the weldment and reduce excessively concentrated laser energy input, thereby improving weld quality.

[0006] Furthermore, components typically exhibit high residual stress after vacuum laser welding, necessitating post-weld heat treatment. Many components, such as titanium alloys, are highly sensitive to atmospheric hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; atmospheric heat treatment can severely damage their properties, thus requiring vacuum heat treatment. This process necessitates removing the vacuum after vacuum laser welding, transporting the components to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and then re-vacuuming for heat treatment. This is extremely time-consuming and costly. More importantly, the high residual stress in many components can directly lead to cracking and failure during cooling or transportation. Therefore, this significantly hinders the development and application of vacuum laser welding in components. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a device that can simultaneously improve the quality of vacuum laser welding, reduce post-weld stress, and promote in-situ integration of reinforcing phase precipitation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the present invention provides an integrated vacuum device and method for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment, which can solve the technical problems in the prior art where metal components need to be devastated after vacuum laser welding and then transported to a heat treatment furnace for vacuuming and heat treatment, which is time-consuming and costly, and the components are also prone to cracking and failure due to residual stress after welding during cooling and transportation.

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention provides an integrated vacuum device for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment, comprising:

[0009] The device housing has a vacuum accommodating space formed inside it;

[0010] The first heat-resistant partition has a first partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a first connecting position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the first heat-resistant partition is in the first partition position, the first heat-resistant partition divides the vacuum accommodating space into a welding vacuum chamber and a heat treatment vacuum chamber that are independent of each other. When the first heat-resistant partition is in the first connecting position, the welding vacuum chamber and the heat treatment vacuum chamber are connected.

[0011] A heat treatment bench is located within the heat treatment vacuum chamber;

[0012] The first guide rail is arranged within the vacuum accommodating space;

[0013] A welding trolley is used to place metal components to be welded, and after the metal components are welded, it can move along the first guide rail to the heat treatment vacuum chamber to transfer the welded metal components to the heat treatment stand.

[0014] In some implementations...

[0015] The first guide rail includes a first movable rail segment, a first fixed rail segment located in the welding vacuum chamber, and a second fixed rail segment located in the heat treatment vacuum chamber. A first gap is formed between the first end of the first fixed rail segment and the first end of the second fixed rail segment. The first movable rail segment has a first connecting position within the first gap to linearly connect the first fixed rail segment and the second fixed rail segment, and a first yielding position not within the first gap to allow the first heat-insulating partition to pass through the first gap. When the first heat-insulating partition is in the first partition position, the first movable rail segment is in the first yielding position. When the first heat-insulating partition is in the first connecting position, the first movable rail segment is in the first connecting position.

[0016] In some implementations...

[0017] The first moving track segment is equipped with a first rotary motor, which drives the first moving track segment to rotate in a horizontal plane to switch the first moving track segment between the first connecting position and the first yielding position, and the first rotary motor is located in the welding vacuum chamber; and / or,

[0018] It also includes a welding platform and a rotary drive assembly for driving the welding platform to rotate in a horizontal plane, wherein the first fixed track section is fixed to the welding platform.

[0019] In some implementations...

[0020] It also includes a laser welding mechanism, which includes a welding robotic arm and a laser welding gun. The welding robotic arm is suspended on the inner wall of the welding vacuum chamber, and the operating end of the welding robotic arm can be detachably connected to the laser welding gun.

[0021] In some implementations...

[0022] It also includes a second heat-resistant partition, which has a second partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a second connecting position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the second heat-resistant partition is in the second partition position, it divides the vacuum accommodating space into an independent welding vacuum chamber and a welding torch protection vacuum chamber. When the second heat-resistant partition is in the second connecting position, the welding vacuum chamber and the welding torch protection vacuum chamber are connected. A second guide rail is also provided within the vacuum accommodating space. The laser welding torch can also be placed on a welding torch carriage, which can move closer to or further away from the welding carriage along the second guide rail. The second heat-resistant partition has a glass window, the position of which is adapted to the position of the laser welding torch head on the welding torch carriage.

[0023] In some implementations...

[0024] The second guide rail includes a second movable rail segment, a third fixed rail segment located within the welding torch protective vacuum chamber, and a fourth fixed rail segment located within the welding vacuum chamber. A second gap is formed between the first end of the third fixed rail segment and the first end of the fourth fixed rail segment. The second movable rail segment has a second connecting position within the second gap to linearly connect the third fixed rail segment and the fourth fixed rail segment, and a second yielding position not within the second gap to allow the second heat-insulating partition to pass through the second gap. When the second heat-insulating partition is in the second partition position, the second movable rail segment is in the second yielding position; when the second heat-insulating partition is in the second connecting position, the second movable rail segment is in the second connecting position; and / or,

[0025] The second heat-insulating partition includes a barrier body with an operating through-hole formed thereon, and the glass window is movably disposed on the operating through-hole; and / or,

[0026] A first buffer and shock absorption structure is provided between the first traveling wheel of the welding trolley and the metal component carrying platform, and / or a second buffer and shock absorption structure is provided between the second traveling wheel of the welding torch trolley and the welding torch carrying platform.

[0027] In some implementations...

[0028] The welding trolley's metal component support platform is equipped with a first heating element, and the metal component is placed on the heating surface of the first heating element. Preferably, the first heating element includes a first heating layer, a first heat insulation layer, and a first cooling layer, with the first heat insulation layer located between the first heating layer and the first cooling layer, and the first cooling layer connected to the top surface of the metal component support platform; and / or,

[0029] A second heating element is provided on the inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber. The second heating element includes a second heating layer, a second heat insulation layer and a second cooling layer. The second heat insulation layer is located between the second heating layer and the second cooling layer, and the second cooling layer is connected to the inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber.

[0030] And / or, also includes:

[0031] An inflation device is used to inflate the vacuum accommodating space.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for vacuum welding of metal components using the above-mentioned integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device, comprising the following steps:

[0033] The metal component is fixed on the welding trolley, and vacuum laser welding is performed on the metal component after the vacuum accommodating space is controlled to form a vacuum environment.

[0034] After the metal component is welded, the welding trolley is controlled to move along the first guide rail from the welding vacuum chamber to the heat treatment vacuum chamber, and the welding trolley is controlled to transfer the metal component on it to the heat treatment stand.

[0035] After controlling the welding trolley to move in the opposite direction of the first guide rail to the welding vacuum chamber, the first heat-insulating partition is controlled to be in the first partition position, and the second heating element in the heat treatment vacuum chamber is controlled to operate to increase the temperature in the heat treatment vacuum chamber to the first preset temperature and maintain it for the first preset time to complete the heat treatment. After cooling for the second preset time, the first heat-insulating partition is opened, and the gas filling device is controlled to fill the vacuum accommodating space with gas. The vacuum is then removed and the heat-treated metal component is taken out.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device includes a second heat-insulating barrier and the metal component support platform of the welding carriage is provided with a first heating element, the following steps are further included before vacuum laser welding of the metal component:

[0037] Compare the heating temperature of the first heating element with the set value of the protection temperature;

[0038] When the heating temperature is higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding torch carriage is controlled to move the laser welding torch to the welding torch protection vacuum chamber and the second heat-insulating partition is controlled to be in the second partition position. Then, the first heating element is controlled to run heating, and the laser welding torch performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component through the glass window on the second heat-insulating partition.

[0039] When the heating temperature is not higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding gun carriage is controlled to move the laser welding gun to the welding vacuum chamber, and the welding robotic arm is controlled to connect with the laser welding gun so as to control the welding posture of the laser welding gun through the welding robotic arm, and control the first heating element to run heating, and the laser welding gun is used to perform vacuum laser welding on the metal component in the welding vacuum chamber.

[0040] In some embodiments, the following steps are included before vacuum laser welding of the metal component:

[0041] The welding power of the laser welding gun is obtained. When the welding power is lower than the first power threshold, the welding carriage carrying the laser welding gun is moved into the welding gun protection vacuum chamber and the second heat-insulating partition is positioned in the second partition position. The welding carriage performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component through the glass window on the second heat-insulating partition. When the welding power is not lower than the first power threshold, the welding carriage carrying the laser welding gun is moved into the welding vacuum chamber and the heating temperature of the first heating element is controlled to be lower than the protection temperature setting value.

[0042] The vacuum device and method integrating vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The vacuum accommodating space is divided into two relatively independent welding vacuum chambers and a heat treatment vacuum chamber by a first heat-insulating partition. The two vacuum chambers are arranged adjacent to each other. After welding, the metal components can be smoothly and efficiently transferred to the heat treatment stand in the heat treatment vacuum chamber by the first guide rail under the loading of the welding trolley. This achieves a seamless connection between the vacuum laser welding process and the heat treatment process. On the one hand, since the two vacuum chambers are arranged adjacent to each other in the vacuum accommodating space, in-situ heat treatment of the metal components is achieved to a certain extent. There is no need to wait for the vacuum to be removed before transportation after welding, which saves process time and reduces costs. On the other hand, in-situ heat treatment of metal components can effectively prevent the occurrence of cracks and failures caused by residual stress after welding during the traditional process of transporting the components to the heat treatment furnace after welding. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment integrated vacuum device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (partial cross-section) of the buffer structure at the traveling wheels of the welding carriage or welding torch carriage in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the position switching state of the moving track segment of the first guide rail or the second guide rail in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the structure of the first heating element or the second heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second heat-insulating partition in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0052] 1. Device outer casing; 11. Welding vacuum chamber; 12. Heat treatment vacuum chamber; 121. Second heating element; 1211. Second heating layer; 1212. Second heat insulation layer; 1213. Second cooling layer; 13. Welding torch protective vacuum chamber; 14. Inflation device; 15. Vacuum pump; 16. Thermocouple; 17. Electric heating power supply; 18. Cooling water circulation assembly; 181. Water pump; 182. Water-cooled plate; 183. Fan; 184. Water tank; 19. Observation window; 2. First heat-insulating partition; 3. Heat treatment stand; 4. First guide rail; 41. First fixed rail section; 42. Second fixed rail section; 43. First moving rail section; 431. First rotary motor; 5. Welding carriage; 51. First traveling wheel; 52. First buffer and shock absorption structure; 53. Welding platform; 531. Rotary drive assembly; 54. Metal component bearing platform; 55. First heating element; 551. First heating layer; 552. First heat insulation layer; 553. First cooling layer; 61. Welding robotic arm; 62. Laser welding torch; 7. Second heat-insulating partition; 71. Glass window; 711. Lifting drive component; 72. Barrier body; 721. Operating through hole; 8. Second guide rail; 81. Third fixed rail section; 82. Fourth fixed rail section; 83. Second moving rail section; 831. Second rotary motor; 9. Welding torch carriage; 91. Second traveling wheel; 92. Welding torch bearing platform; 93. Second buffer and shock absorption structure; 100. Metal component. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0055] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0056] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] See also Figures 1 to 6As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an integrated vacuum device for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment is provided, comprising: a device housing 1, which may be made or constructed of heat-insulating material, wherein a vacuum accommodating space (not shown in the figure) is formed inside the device housing 1. During the welding and heat treatment process, the vacuum accommodating space is a sealed space. It is understood that, in order to communicate with the external environment for the transfer and arrangement of various components within the vacuum accommodating space, a corresponding passage sealing door (not shown in the figure) is formed on the device housing 1; a first heat-insulating partition 2, which is specifically made of heat-insulating material, having a first partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a first communication position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the first heat-insulating partition 2 is in the first partition position, the first heat-insulating partition 2 divides the vacuum accommodating space into an independent welding vacuum chamber 11 and a heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. When the first heat-insulating partition 2 is in the... In the first connected position, the welding vacuum chamber 11 is connected to the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12; the heat treatment stand 3 is located inside the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12; the first guide rail 4 is arranged in the vacuum accommodating space; the welding trolley 5 is used to place the metal component 100 to be welded. Generally, the top of the welding trolley 5 forms a metal component carrying platform 54, and the metal component 100 is disposed on the metal component carrying platform 54. At the same time, after the metal component 100 is welded, the welding trolley 5 can move along the first guide rail 4 to the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 to transfer the welded metal component 100 to the heat treatment stand 3. It is understood that the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 is provided with a second heating element 121, which provides heat to meet the heat treatment process requirements of the metal component 100. The aforementioned first guide rail 4 is preferably a straight extending track to ensure the smooth transfer of the metal component 100 between the welding vacuum chamber 11 and the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. In addition, in practical use, the aforementioned integrated vacuum device also includes a laser welding mechanism for welding metal components 100, which can perform laser welding in the atmosphere or in a vacuum environment.

[0059] In this technical solution, the vacuum accommodating space is divided into two relatively independent welding vacuum chambers 11 and heat treatment vacuum chambers 12 by the first heat-insulating partition 2. The two vacuum chambers are arranged adjacent to each other. After welding, the metal component 100 can be smoothly and efficiently transferred to the heat treatment stand 3 in the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 by the first guide rail 4 under the loading of the welding carriage 5. This achieves a seamless connection between the vacuum laser welding process and the heat treatment process. On the one hand, since the two vacuum chambers are arranged adjacent to each other in the vacuum accommodating space, in-situ heat treatment of the metal component 100 is achieved to a certain extent. After welding, there is no need to wait for the vacuum to be removed before transportation, which saves process time and reduces costs. On the other hand, in-situ heat treatment of the metal component 100 can effectively prevent the phenomenon of cracks caused by residual stress after welding and failure that may occur during the traditional process of transporting the metal component 100 to the heat treatment furnace after welding.

[0060] It should be noted that by setting a first heat-insulating partition 2 within the vacuum chamber to divide it into two relatively independent parts, components with poor temperature resistance, such as various drive motors, can be isolated from the high temperature inside the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 during heat treatment, thus providing protection and reducing the difficulty of component selection and design and manufacturing costs. In other words, when the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 is undergoing the heat treatment process, the aforementioned welding carriage 5 is controlled to be located within the welding vacuum chamber 11, and not within the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12.

[0061] See details Figure 4 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first guide rail 4 includes a first movable rail segment 43, a first fixed rail segment 41 located in the welding vacuum chamber 11, and a second fixed rail segment 42 located in the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. A first gap (not indicated in the figure) is formed between the first end of the first fixed rail segment 41 and the first end of the second fixed rail segment 42. The first movable rail segment 43 has a first connection position within the first gap to linearly connect the first fixed rail segment 41 and the second fixed rail segment 42, and a first clearance position not within the first gap to allow the first heat-insulating partition 2 to pass through the first gap. When the first heat-insulating partition 2 is in the first clearance position, the first movable rail segment 43 is in the first clearance position. When the first heat-insulating partition 2 is in the first communication position, the first movable rail segment 43 is in the first connection position.

[0062] In this technical solution, by setting the middle section of the first guide rail 4 to be a movable first moving section 43, the first heat-insulating partition 2 can be moved aside when the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 needs to be heat-insulated and sealed, thus ensuring the sealing effect of the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12, reducing the probability of the high temperature in the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 being conducted to the welding vacuum chamber 11, and forming efficient protection for the components in the welding vacuum chamber 11.

[0063] As a specific implementation, the first moving track segment 43 is equipped with a first rotary motor 431. The first rotary motor 431 is used to drive the first moving track segment 43 to rotate in the horizontal plane to realize the switching of the first moving track segment 43 between the first connecting position and the first yielding position. The first rotary motor 431 is located in the welding vacuum chamber 11. The position switching of the first moving track segment 43 is realized by rotating in the horizontal plane. The structural design is relatively simple. At the same time, placing the first rotary motor 431 in the welding vacuum chamber 11 can effectively avoid the damage of the first rotary motor 431 to the high temperature of the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12.

[0064] See details Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the integrated vacuum device for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment further includes a welding platform 53 and a rotary drive assembly 531 for driving the welding platform 53 to rotate in a horizontal plane. The first fixed track section 41 is fixed on the welding platform 53. The aforementioned rotary drive assembly 531 can be, for example, a structural component of a rotary motor driving a gear ring. As a relatively common drive structure in the industry, this invention will not elaborate on it.

[0065] In this technical solution, by fixing the first fixed track section 41 to the welding platform 53, and simultaneously when welding the metal component 100, the welding carriage 5 will carry the metal component 100 and fix it to the first fixed track section 41. In this way, the rotary drive component 531 can drive the welding carriage 5 to rotate with the metal component 100 in the horizontal plane, so as to achieve the purpose of multi-angle welding adjustment of the metal component 100 by the laser welding gun 62. At this time, the laser welding gun 62 can only have the linear feed motion degree of freedom.

[0066] The aforementioned laser welding mechanism specifically includes a laser welding torch 62, which can be assembled on a welding torch carriage 9. By controlling the movement of the welding torch carriage 9, the laser welding torch 62 can switch positions between the aforementioned welding vacuum chamber 11 and the welding torch protective vacuum chamber 13. In another preferred embodiment, the laser welding mechanism includes a welding robotic arm 61 and a laser welding torch 62. The welding robotic arm 61 is suspended on the inner wall of the welding vacuum chamber 11. The operating end of the welding robotic arm 61 can be detachably connected to the laser welding torch 62. The aforementioned operating end can be, for example, a gripper structure, a magnetic structure, etc., as long as it can be quickly and reliably disassembled from the laser welding torch 62. In this technical solution, by suspending a welding robotic arm 61 on the inner wall of the welding vacuum chamber 11, the welding position and posture of the laser welding gun 62 can be adjusted. In a specific embodiment, the welding robotic arm 61 can be a five-axis three-linkage mechanism, which specifically includes a vacuum servo motor, a vacuum reducer and a transmission mechanism to realize linear and rotary motion. It can be used for linear welding, rotary body welding and welding of complex trajectory lines, enriching the welding conditions of vacuum laser welding of the present invention.

[0067] In some embodiments, the integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device further includes a second heat-resistant partition 7. The second heat-resistant partition 7 has a second partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a second connecting position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the second heat-resistant partition 7 is in the second partition position, it divides the vacuum accommodating space into two independent sections: the welding vacuum chamber 11 and the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13. When the second heat-resistant partition 7 is in the second connecting position, the welding vacuum chamber 11 and the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13 are connected. A second guide is also provided within the vacuum accommodating space. The laser welding torch 62 can also be placed on the welding torch carriage 9, which can move closer to or further away from the welding carriage 5 along the second guide rail 8. The second heat-insulating partition 7 has a glass window 71, the position of which is adapted to the position of the laser welding torch 62's head on the welding torch carriage 9. It is understood that the vacuum level of the aforementioned vacuum containment space is adjusted by the operation of a vacuum pump 15 installed on the device housing 1. Preferably, multiple vacuum pumps 15 are provided, for example, multiple vacuum pumps 15 are provided for the aforementioned welding vacuum chamber 11, heat treatment vacuum chamber 12, and welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13, to ensure efficient adjustment of the vacuum level. The aforementioned glass window 71 is made of glass with high light transmittance, such as quartz glass.

[0068] In this technical solution, a second heat-insulating partition 7 with a glass window 71 separates the vacuum chamber 13 for welding torch protection. This allows the laser welding torch 62 to be moved into the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13 to weld the metal component 100 through the glass window 71 when the temperature inside the welding vacuum chamber 11 is high. This prevents the laser welding torch 62 and the welding carriage 5 from being damaged by high temperatures. Simultaneously, the glass window 71 isolates the laser welding torch 62, preventing spatter from damaging the lens inside the torch head. In a preferred embodiment, the torch head of the laser welding torch 62 is equipped with multiple protective lenses.

[0069] Similar to the structure of the first guide rail 4, the second guide rail 8 includes a second moving rail segment 83, a third fixed rail segment 81 located within the welding torch protective vacuum chamber 13, and a fourth fixed rail segment 82 located within the welding vacuum chamber 11. A second gap is formed between the first end of the third fixed rail segment 81 and the first end of the fourth fixed rail segment 82. The second moving rail segment 83 has a second connecting position within the second gap to linearly connect the third fixed rail segment 81 and the fourth fixed rail segment 82, and a second yielding position not within the second gap to allow the second heat-insulating partition 7 to pass through the second gap. The position switching of the second moving rail segment 83 is driven by a second rotary motor 831. At this time, the second rotary motor 831 is located within the welding torch protective vacuum chamber 13. When the second heat-insulating partition 7 is in the second partition position, the second moving rail segment 83 is in the second yielding position. When the second heat-insulating partition 7 is in the second connecting position, the second moving rail segment 83 is in the second connecting position. The rotation angle range of the aforementioned first moving track segment 43 and second moving track segment 83 can be 0° to 120°.

[0070] In this technical solution, a second heat-insulating partition 7 is used to divide the vacuum containment space into an adjacent welding vacuum chamber 11 and a welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13. In this way, when it is necessary to protect the laser welding torch 62, the laser welding torch 62 can be moved into the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13, for example, when the metal component 100 needs to be preheated to a higher temperature for welding in the welding vacuum chamber 11, or during the heat treatment process of the metal component 100.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment, see details. Figure 6As shown, the second heat-insulating barrier 7 includes a barrier body 72, on which an operating through-hole 721 is formed. The glass window 71 is movably disposed on the operating through-hole 721. Specifically, the aforementioned glass window 71 can be raised and lowered under the drive of a lifting drive 711 (e.g., a cylinder). This allows the glass window 71 to be raised even when the laser power is high and there is a risk of spatter damaging the glass window 71 during welding. The metal component 100 is welded through the operating through-hole 721. Since the two adjacent vacuum chambers are connected only through the operating through-hole 721, the conduction of temperature from the welding vacuum chamber 11 to the welding torch protective vacuum chamber 13 can be minimized by reasonably limiting the size of the operating through-hole 721. The aforementioned barrier body 72 is filled with heat-insulating sealing material.

[0072] See details Figure 3 As shown, a first buffer and shock-absorbing structure 52 is provided between the first traveling wheel 51 of the welding carriage 5 and the metal component carrying platform 54, and / or a second buffer and shock-absorbing structure 93 is provided between the second traveling wheel 91 of the welding torch carriage 9 and the welding torch carrying platform 92. The aforementioned first buffer and shock-absorbing structure 52 and second buffer and shock-absorbing structure 93 can specifically adopt shock-absorbing springs with verified stiffness. This can buffer the vibration of the laser welding torch 62 during the movement of the welding torch carriage 9, preventing damage to the laser welding torch 62. More importantly, for the welding carriage 5, the aforementioned first buffer and shock-absorbing structure 52 can greatly reduce the vibration of the metal component 100 after welding, further preventing cracks caused by the residual stress after welding due to vibration during the transfer process, thus preventing failure.

[0073] See details Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the metal component carrying platform 54 of the welding trolley 5 is provided with a first heating element 55, and the metal component 100 is placed on the heating surface of the first heating element 55. Preferably, the first heating element 55 includes a first heating layer 551, a first heat insulation layer 552 and a first cooling layer 553. The first heat insulation layer 552 is located between the first heating layer 551 and the first cooling layer 553, and the first cooling layer 553 is connected to the top surface of the metal component carrying platform 54. In this technical solution, by setting the first heating element 55, the metal component 100 can be preheated, thereby realizing the preheating welding of the metal component 100. This avoids the phenomenon of uneven temperature between the top and bottom during the welding process when the thickness of the metal component 100 is too large, resulting in poor welding quality and large residual stress. The aforementioned first heating element 55 is generally disposed at the bottom of the metal component 100, that is, on the top surface of the aforementioned metal component support platform 54, so as to preheat the bottom of the metal component 100. Under some working conditions, the aforementioned first heating element 55 can also be surrounded around the side walls of the metal component 100. When the first heating element 55 is disposed on the top surface of the welding carriage 5, the first cooling layer 553 of the first heating element 55 is disposed on the side of the first heat insulation layer 552 away from the first heating layer 551, which can protect the welding carriage 5 with cooling water and prevent the high temperature of the first heating layer 551 from burning and damaging the welding carriage 5.

[0074] A second heating element 121 is provided on the inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. The second heating element 121 includes a second heating layer 1211, a second heat insulation layer 1212, and a second cooling layer 1213. The second heat insulation layer 1212 is located between the second heating layer 1211 and the second cooling layer 1213, and the second cooling layer 1213 is connected to the inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. The maximum heating temperature of the second heating element 121 can be reasonably selected according to actual process requirements. In a specific embodiment, its maximum heating temperature is 2000℃. In this technical solution, the setting of the second cooling layer 1213 can prevent the heating temperature of the second heating layer 1211 from causing scorching damage to the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12. In a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 is equipped with a separate vacuum pump (e.g., a vacuum pump) so that the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 can be vacuumed independently.

[0075] It should be noted that cooling pipes are laid in both the first cooling layer 553 and the second cooling layer 1213. These cooling pipes are arranged in a coil manner, and their inlets and outlets are connected to the cooling water circulation assembly 18 located outside the device housing 1. The cooling water circulation assembly 18 includes a water pump 181, a water-cooled plate 182, and a corresponding fan 183 and a water tank 184. The cooling water in the water tank 184 enters the cooling pipes in the first cooling layer 553 and the second cooling layer 1213 under the drive of the water pump 181, absorbs the heat radiated from the corresponding heating layer to the opposite side of the corresponding heat insulation layer, and transfers this heat to the water-cooled plate 182 for heat dissipation by the fan. The aforementioned heat insulation layer is located between the corresponding heating layer and the cooling layer, which can protect the corresponding mounting carrier while minimizing the adverse effects on the heating power. The aforementioned first heating layer 551 and the second heating layer 1211 are specifically resistance wire or silicon carbide rod electric heating elements, and their resistance wires are electrically connected to the electric heating power supply 17 located outside the device housing 1.

[0076] The integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device further includes a gas filling device 14 for filling the vacuum containment space with gas. Specifically, the gas filling device 14 can be a controllable on / off vent pipe connected to the outer shell 1 of the device and communicating between its interior and exterior. In this technical solution, by controlling the gas filling device 14 to fill the vacuum containment space with gas after heat treatment, the pressure inside the space can be increased to atmospheric pressure more quickly, thereby improving the efficiency of the process.

[0077] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a temperature measuring thermocouple 16 is provided on the outer shell 1 of the device corresponding to the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12, which is used to measure the annealing temperature before preheating, during welding and after welding heat treatment; an observation window 19 is provided on the outer shell 1 of the device corresponding to the welding vacuum chamber 11, through which the operator can observe the welding status inside.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for vacuum welding of metal components using the above-described integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0080] The metal component 100 is fixed on the welding carriage 5, and the vacuum accommodating space is controlled to form a vacuum environment (achieved by the operation of each vacuum pump 15) before vacuum laser welding is performed on the metal component 100. In one embodiment, welding is performed when the vacuum level is between 0.1-10 Pa.

[0081] After the metal component 100 is welded, the welding trolley 5 is controlled to move along the first guide rail 4 from the welding vacuum chamber 11 to the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12, and the welding trolley 5 is controlled to transfer the metal component 100 on it to the heat treatment stand 3.

[0082] After controlling the welding trolley 5 to move in the opposite direction along the first guide rail 4 into the welding vacuum chamber 11, the first heat-insulating partition 2 is controlled to be in the first partition position, and the second heating element 121 in the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 is controlled to operate to increase the temperature in the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12 to a first preset temperature (in a specific embodiment, for example, 500℃-600℃), and the heat treatment is maintained for a first preset time. After the heat treatment is completed, the first heat-insulating partition 2 is opened, and after cooling for a second preset time, the gas filling device 14 is controlled to fill the vacuum accommodating space with gas, and the vacuum is removed to take out the heat-treated metal component 100.

[0083] In this technical solution, after the metal component 100 is vacuum laser welded, a welding carriage 5 is used to directly transport it along the first guide rail 4 to the heat treatment stand 3 for subsequent heat treatment. This eliminates the need to wait for the vacuum to be removed from the welding vacuum chamber before transporting the component, as is done in existing technologies, saving time and reducing costs. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for long-distance transport, effectively preventing the occurrence of cracks caused by residual stress after welding, which could lead to failure, during the traditional post-weld transport to the heat treatment furnace. Additionally, during heat treatment, the welding carriage 5 is returned to the welding vacuum chamber 11 to prevent damage from the high temperatures within the heat treatment vacuum chamber 12.

[0084] In some embodiments, when the integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment vacuum device includes a second heat-insulating barrier 7 and a first heating element 55 is provided on the metal component carrying platform 54 of the welding carriage 5, the following steps are further included before vacuum laser welding of the metal component 100:

[0085] Compare the heating temperature of the first heating element 55 with the set value of the protection temperature (which can generally be 400℃);

[0086] When the heating temperature is higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding torch carriage 9 is controlled to move the laser welding torch 62 into the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13 and the second heat-insulating partition 7 is controlled to be in the second partition position to prevent high temperature from damaging the laser system (including the laser head). Then the first heating element 55 is controlled to run heating, and the laser welding torch 62 performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component 100 through the glass window 71 on the second heat-insulating partition 7.

[0087] When the heating temperature is not higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding gun carriage 9 is controlled to move the laser welding gun 62 into the welding vacuum chamber 11, and the welding robotic arm 61 is controlled to connect with the laser welding gun 62 so that the welding posture of the laser welding gun 62 can be controlled by the welding robotic arm 61, and the first heating element 55 can be controlled to run and heat. The laser welding gun 62 is used to perform vacuum laser welding on the metal component 100 in the welding vacuum chamber 11. Of course, according to the actual welding process requirements, the laser welding gun 62 can also be placed on the welding gun carriage 9 to weld the metal component 100.

[0088] In some embodiments, prior to vacuum laser welding of the metal component 100, after determining the aforementioned heating temperature, the following steps are further included:

[0089] The welding power of the laser welding torch 62 is obtained by linking the welding power with the preheating temperature (i.e., the aforementioned heating temperature). The welding power and preheating temperature are jointly adjusted according to requirements such as the cross-sectional thickness of the welded component. To prevent the transparent glass from easily burning under high power (e.g., 10,000 watts), a higher preheating temperature and a lower welding power can be set for welding components of a certain thickness. When the welding power is lower than a first power threshold (e.g., 10,000 watts), the welding carriage 5 carrying the laser welding torch 62 is moved into the welding torch protection vacuum chamber 13, and the second heat-insulating partition 7 is positioned at the second partition. The welding carriage 5 performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component 100 through the glass window 71 on the second heat-insulating partition 7, thereby preventing the risk of damage to the laser welding torch 62 due to excessively high preheating temperature. Alternatively, a lower preheating temperature can be set to match a higher welding power. When the welding power is not lower than the first power threshold, the welding carriage 5 carrying the laser welding torch 62 is moved into the welding vacuum chamber 11, and the heating temperature of the first heating element 55 is controlled to be lower than the protective temperature setting value.

[0090] The aforementioned metal component 100 is, for example, a titanium alloy plate with a thickness greater than 10 mm.

[0091] This invention has the following significant advantages:

[0092] Compared with traditional split-type vacuum laser welding equipment and heat treatment furnaces, the device of the present invention can significantly reduce the tendency of welded parts to cold crack during the processes of vacuum removal, furnace unloading, packaging, and transportation, significantly reduce transportation costs and transportation time, improve the overall quality of welded parts, especially the welding quality of large components, and significantly reduce costs and improve production efficiency.

[0093] Compared to traditional vacuum laser welding equipment, the device of this invention enables preheated vacuum laser welding. This preheated vacuum laser welding significantly reduces the temperature gradient along the thickness of the workpiece, thereby reducing laser input power, improving material flow during weld melting, enhancing the uniformity of weld microstructure and properties, reducing the probability of bottom defects, and improving joint welding quality. Furthermore, it can promptly reduce or eliminate residual stress, improving joint performance and reliability.

[0094] Compared with traditional vacuum laser welding equipment, the device of this invention has significant advantages in welding brittle materials that are prone to cracking during the welding process, such as intermediate compounds TiAl, Ti2AlNb, ultra-high strength steel, superhard alloys, and ceramics. By preheating, the tendency for hot cracking during vacuum laser welding is reduced, the weld depth and weld formation are greatly improved, and defects such as joint porosity and cracks are significantly reduced. This can greatly improve the surface quality and mechanical properties of the welded components (i.e., the aforementioned metal component 100). Furthermore, residual stress is eliminated through timely heat treatment, and post-weld in-situ heat treatment promotes the decomposition of brittle phases and the precipitation of toughening phases, thereby reducing the tendency for cold cracking. This greatly expands the application range of laser welding.

[0095] The device of the present invention can be used for high-performance welding of simple and complex components of different thicknesses and sizes. The corresponding technology of the device has broad application value and can be applied to the manufacturing of equipment and parts in the fields of marine, aerospace, nuclear energy, and transportation, so as to achieve low-cost, high-reliability, high-quality and high-efficiency welding.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] The apparatus of this invention is used to perform vacuum laser welding on 50-100 mm thick TC4 titanium alloy plates. The welding parameters for single-pass vacuum laser welding of thick titanium alloy plates are: vacuum degree 0.1-10 Pa, laser power 10-30 kW, and welding speed 0.1-1 m / min. After vacuum laser welding and stress-relief annealing, the plates are removed from the vacuum and taken out of the furnace. The stress-relief annealing temperature and time are 600℃ and 4 h, respectively. The thick titanium alloy plates are completely penetrated, and the weld is free of defects such as porosity and cracks. The surface residual stress of the joint is less than 100 MPa, the strength coefficient is above 0.95, and the weld impact toughness is higher than 30 J / cm². 2 To achieve high-quality and high-reliability welding.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] The apparatus of this invention was used to perform vacuum laser welding on TC4 titanium alloy rings of varying thicknesses, ranging from 50 to 70 mm. The welding parameters for single-pass welding of thick titanium alloy rings using vacuum laser welding were: vacuum level 0.1-10 Pa, laser power 10-20 kW, and welding speed 0.2-2 m / min. A backing plate was added to the back of the titanium alloy ring. The weldment was pre-tack-welded to the backing plate, followed by vacuum laser welding and stress-relief annealing. The stress-relief annealing temperature was set at 650°C, and the annealing time was 2 hours. After annealing, the residual stress on the weld seam and heat-affected zone surface of the titanium alloy ring was measured, and the obtained residual stresses were all less than 100 MPa. After removing the backing plate, the titanium alloy ring was completely penetrated, and the non-destructive testing achieved level two or higher, realizing low residual stress and high reliability welding.

[0100] Comparative Example 1:

[0101] Vacuum laser welding was performed on TC4 titanium alloy rings of varying thicknesses, ranging from 50 to 70 mm, using a conventional vacuum laser welding apparatus. The welding parameters for single-pass welding of the thick titanium alloy rings were: vacuum level 0.1-10 Pa, laser power 10-20 kW, and welding speed 0.2-2 m / min. A backing plate was added to the back of the titanium alloy ring. The weld and backing plate were pre-tack welded before vacuum laser welding. After welding, the residual stress on the weld seam and heat-affected zone surfaces of the titanium alloy ring were measured. The residual stresses on the weld seam surface and the heat-affected zone surface were 486 MPa and 410 MPa, respectively. The backing plate was then removed, and the titanium alloy ring was found to be fully penetrated, achieving a non-destructive testing level of II or higher.

[0102] Technical Effects: A comparison of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 shows that both conventional vacuum laser welding equipment and the equipment of this invention can achieve full-penetration, defect-free vacuum laser welding of thick rings. However, the residual stress in the joint achieved by the device of this invention is significantly lower than that obtained by conventional vacuum laser welding equipment. This invention can greatly reduce the time required for vacuum removal, transportation, reloading, and re-vacuuming in conventional welding + annealing methods, thereby significantly improving production efficiency. Furthermore, timely annealing can reduce the risk of cracking in many components due to excessive residual stress, thus greatly improving the welding success rate and possessing significant industrial application value.

[0103] As can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples, the device of the present invention can simultaneously realize the integrated function of preheating welding and post-weld heat treatment, thereby achieving welding with low residual stress, high weld depth, high efficiency, high performance and high reliability. This greatly expands the application prospects of the welding and heat treatment functions that the device can realize in the equipment manufacturing of multiple fields such as deep sea, nuclear power, aerospace, and weaponry in the future.

[0104] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the advantageous technical features of the above-mentioned methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0105] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment integrated vacuum apparatus, characterized by, include: The device housing (1) has a vacuum accommodating space formed inside it; The first heat-resistant partition (2) has a first partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a first connecting position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the first heat-resistant partition (2) is in the first partition position, the first heat-resistant partition (2) divides the vacuum accommodating space into a welding vacuum chamber (11) and a heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) that are independent of each other. When the first heat-resistant partition (2) is in the first connecting position, the welding vacuum chamber (11) and the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) are connected. The heat treatment stand (3) is located inside the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12); The first guide rail (4) is arranged in the vacuum accommodating space; Welding trolley (5) is used to place the metal component (100) to be welded, and can move along the first guide rail (4) to the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) after the metal component (100) is welded, and transfer the welded metal component (100) to the heat treatment stand (3). The first guide rail (4) includes a first movable rail segment (43), a first fixed rail segment (41) located in the welding vacuum chamber (11), and a second fixed rail segment (42) located in the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12). A first gap is formed between the first end of the first fixed rail segment (41) and the first end of the second fixed rail segment (42). The first movable rail segment (43) has a first connection position located within the first gap to connect the first fixed rail segment (41) and the second fixed rail segment (42) in a straight line, and a first clearance position not located within the first gap to allow the first heat-insulating partition (2) to pass through the first gap. When the first heat-insulating partition (2) is in the first clearance position, the first movable rail segment (43) is in the first clearance position. When the first heat-insulating partition (2) is in the first communication position, the first movable rail segment (43) is in the first connection position. It also includes a second heat-resistant partition (7), which has a second partition position within the vacuum accommodating space and a second connecting position at least partially outside the vacuum accommodating space. When the second heat-resistant partition (7) is in the second partition position, it divides the vacuum accommodating space into the welding vacuum chamber (11) and the welding torch protection vacuum chamber (13), which are independent of each other. When the second heat-resistant partition (7) is in the second connecting position, The welding vacuum chamber (11) is connected to the welding torch protective vacuum chamber (13). The vacuum containment space is also provided with a second guide rail (8). The laser welding torch (62) can be placed on the welding torch carriage (9). The welding torch carriage (9) can move along the second guide rail (8) closer to or further away from the welding carriage (5). The second heat-insulating partition (7) has a glass window (71). The position of the glass window (71) is adapted to the position of the torch head of the laser welding torch (62) on the welding torch carriage (9). The second heat-insulating partition (7) includes a partition body (72), on which an operation through hole (721) is formed, and the glass window (71) is movably disposed on the operation through hole (721); The metal component carrying platform (54) of the welding trolley (5) is provided with a first heating element (55), and the metal component (100) is placed on the heating surface of the first heating element (55); The inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) is provided with a second heating element (121). The second heating element (121) includes a second heating layer (1211), a second heat insulation layer (1212), and a second cooling layer (1213). The second heat insulation layer (1212) is located between the second heating layer (1211) and the second cooling layer (1213), and the second cooling layer (1213) is connected to the inner wall of the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12).

2. The integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first moving track segment (43) is equipped with a first rotary motor (431), which drives the first moving track segment (43) to rotate in the horizontal plane to switch the first moving track segment (43) between the first connecting position and the first yielding position, and the first rotary motor (431) is located inside the welding vacuum chamber (11); and / or, It also includes a welding platform (53) and a rotary drive assembly (531) for driving the welding platform (53) to rotate in a horizontal plane, wherein the first fixed track segment (41) is fixed to the welding platform (53).

3. The integrated vacuum device for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a laser welding mechanism, which includes a welding robotic arm (61) and a laser welding gun (62). The welding robotic arm (61) is suspended on the inner wall of the welding vacuum chamber (11), and the operating end of the welding robotic arm (61) can be detachably connected to the laser welding gun (62).

4. The integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second guide rail (8) includes a second moving rail segment (83), a third fixed rail segment (81) located within the welding torch protective vacuum chamber (13), and a fourth fixed rail segment (82) located within the welding vacuum chamber (11). A second gap is formed between the first end of the third fixed rail segment (81) and the first end of the fourth fixed rail segment (82). The second moving rail segment (83) has a second connecting position within the second gap to linearly connect the third fixed rail segment (81) and the fourth fixed rail segment (82), and a second yielding position not within the second gap to allow the second heat-insulating partition (7) to pass through the second gap. When the second heat-insulating partition (7) is in the second partitioning position, the second moving rail segment (83) is in the second yielding position. When the second heat-insulating partition (7) is in the second connecting position, the second moving rail segment (83) is in the second connecting position; and / or, A first buffer and shock absorption structure (52) is provided between the first traveling wheel (51) of the welding trolley (5) and the metal component carrying platform (54), and / or, a second buffer and shock absorption structure (93) is provided between the second traveling wheel (91) of the welding torch trolley (9) and the welding torch carrying platform (92).

5. The integrated vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heating element (55) includes a first heating layer (551), a first heat insulation layer (552) and a first cooling layer (553). The first heat insulation layer (552) is located between the first heating layer (551) and the first cooling layer (553), and the first cooling layer (553) is connected to the top surface of the metal component support platform (54). And / or, also includes: An inflation device (14) is used to inflate the vacuum containment space with air.

6. A method of vacuum welding of metal components with the vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment integrated vacuum apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The metal component (100) is fixed on the welding carriage (5), and vacuum laser welding is performed on the metal component (100) after the vacuum accommodating space is controlled to form a vacuum environment. After the metal component (100) is welded, the welding trolley (5) is controlled to move along the first guide rail (4) from the welding vacuum chamber (11) to the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12), and the welding trolley (5) is controlled to transfer the metal component (100) on it to the heat treatment stand (3). After controlling the welding trolley (5) to move in the opposite direction along the first guide rail (4) into the welding vacuum chamber (11), the first heat-insulating partition (2) is controlled to be in the first partition position, and the second heating element (121) in the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) is controlled to operate to increase the temperature in the heat treatment vacuum chamber (12) to the first preset temperature, and the heat treatment is maintained for the first preset time. After cooling for the second preset time, the first heat-insulating partition (2) is opened, and the gas filling device (14) is controlled to fill the vacuum accommodating space with gas. The vacuum is removed and the heat-treated metal component (100) is taken out.

7. The metal member vacuum welding process method according to claim 6, wherein When the integrated vacuum device for vacuum laser welding and post-weld heat treatment includes a second heat-insulating partition (7) and a first heating element (55) is provided on the metal component carrying platform (54) of the welding carriage (5), the following steps are also included before vacuum laser welding of the metal component (100): Compare the heating temperature of the first heating element (55) with the set value of the protection temperature; When the heating temperature is higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding gun carriage (9) is controlled to move the laser welding gun (62) to the welding gun protection vacuum chamber (13) and the second heat-insulating partition (7) is controlled to be in the second partition position. Then the first heating element (55) is controlled to run heating, and the laser welding gun (62) performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component (100) through the glass window (71) on the second heat-insulating partition (7). When the heating temperature is not higher than the protection temperature setting value, the welding gun carriage (9) is controlled to carry the laser welding gun (62) to the welding vacuum chamber (11), and the welding robot arm (61) is controlled to connect with the laser welding gun (62) so as to control the welding posture of the laser welding gun (62) through the welding robot arm (61) and control the first heating element (55) to run heating, and the laser welding gun (62) is used to perform vacuum laser welding on the metal component (100) in the welding vacuum chamber (11).

8. The metal member vacuum welding process method according to claim 7, wherein, The following steps are also included before vacuum laser welding of the metal component (100): The welding power of the laser welding gun (62) is obtained. When the welding power is lower than the first power threshold, the welding carriage (5) is controlled to carry the laser welding gun (62) to the welding gun protection vacuum chamber (13) and the second heat-insulating partition (7) is controlled to be in the second partition position. The welding carriage (5) performs vacuum laser welding on the metal component (100) through the glass window (71) on the second heat-insulating partition (7). When the welding power is not lower than the first power threshold, the welding carriage (5) is controlled to carry the laser welding gun (62) to the welding vacuum chamber (11) and the heating temperature of the first heating element (55) is controlled to be lower than the protection temperature setting value.

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