Microwave assembly pre-processing method based on single-beam laser seal

Abstract

This invention provides a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing, relating to the field of microwave component processing technology. The pretreatment method includes: S1: selecting a tool according to the type of microwave component to clean the area to be welded; S2: selecting a pretreatment path, beam propagation mode, and pretreatment parameters according to the shell material of the microwave component; S3: selecting a welding path and performing laser welding according to the pretreatment path. By using the process flow and parameters described in this invention in conjunction with existing single-beam laser equipment, the weld quality and component airtightness can be improved. Compared with the dual-beam laser welding method, the weld quality and component airtightness can be improved on the basis of single-beam equipment without replacing the existing single-beam equipment with dual-beam equipment, and without considering the mutual influence of beam ratio and energy ratio during the simultaneous emission of two beams. The process parameters have fewer influencing factors, greatly shortening the development cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave component processing technology, and specifically to a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing. Background Technology

[0002] Microwave components, with their advantages of small size, light weight, and ease of use, have become the core of modern electronic devices. To meet the needs of microwave applications with different frequency bands, mechanisms, and functions, the requirements for high performance, multifunctionality, high reliability, and lightweight are constantly increasing. Correspondingly, the integration, assembly density, structural complexity, and manufacturing difficulty of microwave components and their systems are also increasing.

[0003] Laser welding technology, as a high-quality, high-precision, low-deformation, high-efficiency, and high-speed welding method, is now widely used in the hermetically sealed welding of microwave components. However, in the currently most widely used single-beam laser welding process, severe fluctuations easily occur at the keyhole of the molten pool, leading to the formation of porosity or cracks, resulting in poor weld quality. In particular, highly reflective materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys have a laser reflectivity of up to 95% at low temperatures. During the initial welding process, the laser absorbs low energy and dissipates heat rapidly, easily causing welding defects such as porosity and cracks.

[0004] Existing technologies for improving laser welding performance mainly include pre-treatment welding with baking, laser hybrid welding, and dual-beam laser welding. The limitations of these methods in applying them to microwave components are as follows:

[0005] 1. Baking pretreatment welding method: Appropriate baking of the workpieces to be welded before welding can improve the stability of the welding process, adjust the temperature distribution during weld solidification, change from heat conduction welding to deep penetration welding, and improve weld formation; in addition, the temperature rise brought about by baking can prolong the solidification time of the molten pool and optimize the grain size and distribution.

[0006] However, baking pretreatment requires heating and baking the entire workpiece. Microwave components often contain various components, low-melting-point solder, colloidal materials, microwave absorbing materials, etc. These components and materials have poor high-temperature resistance, which greatly limits the upper limit temperature of the baking pretreatment welding method. Therefore, the baking pretreatment welding method cannot be widely used in the field of microwave components.

[0007] 2. Laser-based hybrid welding: Laser-based hybrid welding methods such as TIG welding, MIG welding, and filler wire welding combine the characteristics of laser welding and other welding methods, which can improve heat input efficiency, improve weld quality, and obtain higher mechanical properties of welded joints.

[0008] However, laser hybrid welding has high requirements for equipment precision, increases the number of process factors affecting welding stability, and has a narrow parameter window. In addition, the introduction of other materials in laser hybrid welding can cause protrusions on the weld surface, which not only affects the design dimensions of microwave components, but also affects the installation accuracy of the components on the whole machine.

[0009] 3. Dual-beam laser welding method: Combining two laser heat sources in a single-spot or dual-spot manner for welding manufacturing can significantly increase the thermal effect area of ​​the laser, improve the heterogeneous nucleation rate in the molten pool, significantly refine grain growth during solidification, and improve the density of the weld structure.

[0010] However, the combination of beam ratio and energy ratio in dual-beam systems is diverse, and different combinations of process parameters influence each other, resulting in a complex impact on weld quality. This leads to a relatively long development cycle for dual-beam systems in microwave component applications. Furthermore, dual-beam lasers differ significantly from commonly used single-beam lasers, placing higher demands on hardware such as emitters, optical paths, and lenses. Upgrading from single-beam to dual-beam functionality is not feasible, significantly increasing the development cost of microwave components.

[0011] In summary, as the complexity and manufacturing difficulty of microwave components increase, how to improve the weld quality and airtightness of microwave components by utilizing existing single-beam laser equipment without changing the original laser sealing process has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of microwave component processing. Summary of the Invention

[0012] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0013] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing, which solves the problem of pores and cracks easily generated on microwave components when using a single laser for sealing.

[0014] (II) Technical Solution

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0016] In this invention, the microwave component preprocessing method based on single-beam laser sealing includes:

[0017] S1: Select the appropriate tool based on the type of microwave component to clean the area to be soldered on the microwave component;

[0018] S2: Select the preprocessing path, beam propagation mode, and preprocessing parameters based on the shell material of the microwave component;

[0019] S3: Select the welding path based on the pretreatment path and perform laser welding.

[0020] In this invention, the tool for selecting components based on microwave component type further includes:

[0021] For microwave assemblies with exposed internal chips and interconnecting gold / aluminum / gold strips, as well as microwave assemblies with plating on the surface or sidewalls of the area to be soldered, bromopropane is used to clean the area to be soldered.

[0022] For microwave components with internal potting, use sandpaper to clean the area to be soldered, and then use alcohol to remove any sanding particles after cleaning.

[0023] In this invention, the preprocessing path further includes:

[0024] Full path preprocessing and segmented preprocessing:

[0025] Full-path preprocessing refers to the one-time overall preprocessing of the area to be welded.

[0026] The segmented pretreatment is as follows: the area to be welded is divided into at least two segments for pretreatment, and the pretreatment is carried out in sequence according to the pattern of pretreatment of one segment and welding of the next segment. After pretreatment of one segment, welding is carried out immediately.

[0027] In this invention, further, the selection of the pretreatment path based on the shell material of the microwave component includes:

[0028] When the shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, stainless steel, or aluminum-silicon, full-path pretreatment is adopted;

[0029] When the shell material is aluminum alloy, oxygen-free copper, or brass, segmented pretreatment is adopted.

[0030] In this invention, further, selecting the beam propagation direction based on the shell material of the microwave component includes:

[0031] The beam's propagation patterns include straight, wavy, and overlapping.

[0032] In this invention, further, selecting the beam propagation mode based on the tube shell material includes:

[0033] When the tube shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, or stainless steel, the priority of the beam propagation mode is linear, wavy, and overlapping, in that order.

[0034] When the tube shell material is aluminum-silicon or aluminum alloy, the priority of the beam propagation mode is wavy, straight, and overlapping, respectively.

[0035] When the tube shell material is oxygen-free copper or brass, the priority of the beam propagation mode is, in order, overlapping, wavy, and straight.

[0036] In this invention, the laser preprocessing parameters are further set according to the beam propagation mode, including:

[0037] Linear type: spot diameter 2.0-3.0mm, defocus 2.0-4.0mm, beam speed 9-20mm / s, laser power 700-1000W, pulse width 2.5-6.0ms, frequency 50-70Hz;

[0038] Wavy: Spot diameter 1.5-2.5mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 7-16mm / s, laser power 600-900W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 40-60Hz;

[0039] Overlapping type: spot diameter 1.0-2.0mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 5-12mm / s, laser power 500-800W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 30-50Hz.

[0040] Furthermore, in this invention, the welding path includes full-path welding and segmented welding:

[0041] The full-path welding is used in conjunction with full-path pretreatment to perform one-time overall laser welding of the microwave component that has undergone full-path pretreatment in the reverse direction of the pretreatment path.

[0042] The segmented welding and segmented pre-processing are used in conjunction. For the microwave components that have undergone segmented pre-processing, local laser welding is performed only on the pre-processed segments in the reverse direction of the pre-processing path. That is, the area that has just finished pre-processing is welded first, and the pre-processing and welding of the next segment are performed after the pre-processing and welding of one segment are completed.

[0043] In this invention, further, in the segmented pretreatment and segmented welding, the overlap length at the joint between segments is greater than 1.5 times the weld width and less than 5 times the weld width, and the overlap between segments is not at inflection points such as R-angles.

[0044] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0045] This invention provides a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages:

[0046] By utilizing the process flow and parameters described in this invention in conjunction with existing single-beam laser equipment, the quality of welds and the airtightness of components can be improved. Compared with the dual-beam laser welding method, the quality of welds and the airtightness of components can be improved on the basis of single-beam equipment. It is not necessary to replace the existing single-beam equipment with dual-beam equipment, and there is no need to consider the mutual influence of the beam ratio and energy ratio during the simultaneous emission of two beams. The process parameters have fewer influencing factors, which greatly shortens the development cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This refers to the beam propagation method in Example 1;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a comparison of the weld cross-sections of the titanium alloy components in Example 1, between the control group and the application group.

[0050] Figure 3 This refers to the beam propagation method in Example 2;

[0051] Figure 4 Comparison of weld cross-sections and metallographic structures between the control group and the application group of aluminum alloy components in Example 2;

[0052] Figure 5 This refers to the beam propagation method in Example 3;

[0053] Figure 6 Comparison of weld cross-sections and weld surfaces between the control group and the application group of oxygen-free copper components. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] This application provides a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing, which solves the problem of pores and cracks easily generated on microwave components when sealing them with a single laser. It improves the weld quality and airtightness of microwave components by utilizing existing single-beam laser equipment without changing the original laser sealing process.

[0056] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0057] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing includes:

[0058] S1: Select the appropriate tool based on the type of microwave component to clean the area to be soldered on the microwave component;

[0059] S2: Select the preprocessing path, beam propagation mode, and preprocessing parameters based on the shell material of the microwave component;

[0060] S3: Select the welding path based on the pretreatment path and perform laser welding.

[0061] Specifically, step S1 includes selecting a suitable tool based on the type of microwave component, as follows:

[0062] For microwave assemblies with exposed internal chips and interconnecting gold / aluminum / gold strips, as well as microwave assemblies with plating on the surface or sidewalls of the area to be soldered, bromopropane is used to clean the area to be soldered.

[0063] For microwave components with internal potting, use sandpaper to clean the area to be soldered, and then use alcohol to remove any sanding particles after cleaning.

[0064] Specifically, step S2 includes preprocessing of the entire path and segmented preprocessing:

[0065] Full-path preprocessing refers to the one-time overall preprocessing of the area to be welded.

[0066] The segmented pretreatment is as follows: the area to be welded is divided into at least two segments for pretreatment, and the pretreatment is carried out in sequence according to the pattern of pretreatment of one segment and welding of the next segment. After pretreatment of one segment, welding is carried out immediately.

[0067] Specifically, step S2 includes selecting the pretreatment path based on the shell material, as follows:

[0068] When the shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, stainless steel, or aluminum-silicon, full-path pretreatment is adopted;

[0069] When the shell material is aluminum alloy, oxygen-free copper, or brass, segmented pretreatment is adopted.

[0070] Specifically, step S2 includes the following: the beam advance mode includes straight line, wavy, and overlapping.

[0071] Specifically, step S2 includes selecting the beam propagation mode based on the tube shell material, which is as follows:

[0072] When the tube shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, or stainless steel, the priority of the beam propagation mode is linear, wavy, and overlapping, in that order.

[0073] When the tube shell material is aluminum-silicon or aluminum alloy, the priority of the beam propagation mode is wavy, straight, and overlapping, respectively.

[0074] When the tube shell material is oxygen-free copper or brass, the priority of the beam propagation mode is, in order, overlapping, wavy, and straight.

[0075] The laser preprocessing parameters are set according to the beam propagation mode, as follows:

[0076] Linear type: spot diameter 2.0-3.0mm, defocus 2.0-4.0mm, beam speed 9-20mm / s, laser power 700-1000W, pulse width 2.5-6.0ms, frequency 50-70Hz;

[0077] Wavy: Spot diameter 1.5-2.5mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 7-16mm / s, laser power 600-900W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 40-60Hz;

[0078] Overlapping type: spot diameter 1.0-2.0mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 5-12mm / s, laser power 500-800W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 30-50Hz.

[0079] Specifically, step S3 includes the welding path including full-path welding and segmented welding;

[0080] The full-path welding is used in conjunction with full-path pretreatment to perform one-time overall laser welding of the microwave component that has undergone full-path pretreatment in the reverse direction of the pretreatment path.

[0081] The segmented welding and segmented pre-processing are used in conjunction. For the microwave components that have undergone segmented pre-processing, local laser welding is performed only on the pre-processed segments in the reverse direction of the pre-processing path. That is, the area that has just finished pre-processing is welded first, and the pre-processing and welding of the next segment are performed after the pre-processing and welding of one segment are completed.

[0082] In the segmented pretreatment and segmented welding, the overlap length at the joint between segments is greater than 1.5 times the weld width and less than 5 times the weld width, and the overlap between segments is not at inflection points such as R-angles.

[0083] Example 1: The microwave component is specifically a spaceborne dual-channel T / R component made with a titanium alloy shell. Service requirements stipulate that the weld penetration depth after laser sealing should be greater than 0.8 mm and the airtightness should be better than 5*10 mm. -10 Pa / m 3 The steps and process for applying this method to this component are as follows:

[0084] Step 1: The dual-channel T / R module contains various components such as bare chips, gold wires, low-noise amplifiers, and circulators. Use a lint-free cloth dampened with bromopropane to clean the flux residue, excess particles, and stains in the area to be soldered, and then let it air dry.

[0085] Step 2: After cleaning the components, perform internal visual inspection, remove moisture, and clamp them with tooling, then transfer them to the laser welding glove box for welding. Argon gas is used as the protective gas in the glove box.

[0086] Step 3: The casing material is titanium alloy. The whole-path pretreatment method is preferred to pretreat the components, that is, the original laser sealing equipment is used to perform a one-time overall pretreatment of the area to be welded.

[0087] Step 4: Select linear beam path, such as... Figure 1 As shown;

[0088] Step 5: Select the following laser preprocessing parameters: spot diameter 2.5mm, defocusing amount 4.0mm, beam motion speed 20mm / s, laser power 1000W, pulse width 3.0ms, frequency 65Hz;

[0089] Step Six: After preprocessing, the placement of components and tooling do not need to be changed;

[0090] Step 7: Continue to use the laser sealing equipment to perform full-path laser welding on the component, with the welding direction opposite to the pretreatment direction;

[0091] Step 8: Select the following full-path welding parameters: spot diameter 0.8mm, defocusing amount -1.0mm, welding speed 2.6mm / s, laser power 1500W, pulse width 2.0ms, frequency 20Hz;

[0092] Step 9: After welding is completed, remove the components from the glove box and proceed to the next process.

[0093] The weld cross-sections of the components using this method and the control group were observed separately, as shown below:

[0094] Control group 1 used the traditional process and directly welded without pretreatment. The welding parameters were as follows: spot diameter 0.8mm, defocusing amount -1.0mm, welding speed 2.6mm / s, laser power 1500W, pulse width 2.0ms, frequency 20Hz.

[0095] Control group 2 also used the traditional process, welding directly without pretreatment, but the welding energy was increased compared with control group 1. The welding parameters were as follows: spot diameter 0.8mm, defocusing amount -1.0mm, welding speed 2.6mm / s, laser power 2500W, pulse width 3.0ms, frequency 25Hz.

[0096] Weld profiles of components in application group, control group 1, and control group 2 are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, compared with control group 1, the weld penetration and width of the application group increased significantly, and the depth-to-width ratio increased significantly, indicating that this method can transform heat-conducting welding into deep penetration welding, effectively improving the weld morphology. In addition, the weld density after applying this method is excellent, and no defects such as porosity, shrinkage porosity, or voids were observed. Control group 2 increased the welding energy, but the weld quality did not improve accordingly. On the contrary, the excessive heat distribution caused violent fluctuations in the keyhole of the molten pool, resulting in surface spatter and internal voids in the weld, which led to poor weld quality and a significant decrease in the airtightness of the component.

[0097] The weld penetration and airtightness of the two sets of components are shown in Table 1 below. It can be seen that this method effectively enables the titanium alloy aerospace microwave components to meet the service requirements.

[0098] Table 1. Weld penetration and airtightness of titanium alloy components in control and application groups.

[0099] Control group 1 0.35 <![CDATA[5*10 -7 ]]> Control group 2 0.95 <![CDATA[7*10 -5 <!-- 5 -->]]> Application Group 1.05 <![CDATA[2*10 -10 ]]>

[0100] Example 2: The microwave component is specifically an airborne correction network component with a shell made of 6061 aluminum alloy. Service requirements stipulate a weld penetration depth greater than 0.7 mm, and its airtightness should be better than 5*10 mm. -9 Pa / m 3 The steps and process for applying this method to this component are as follows:

[0101] Step 1: The inside of this component is protected with potting compound. Use 800# sandpaper to sand the area to be soldered until all residues such as glue, flux, and stains are completely removed. After sanding, use a lint-free cloth dampened with alcohol to remove any remaining sanding particles.

[0102] Step 2: Place the cleaned components on the workbench and wait for pretreatment. Since the internal components are protected with potting compound, they can be pretreated and welded in an argon or nitrogen glove box, or they can be operated in air. However, during the process, argon or nitrogen should be sprayed to protect the laser pretreatment and welding areas.

[0103] Step 3: The casing material is aluminum alloy. The module is pre-treated using the original laser sealing equipment in a segmented pre-treatment method. The welding area of ​​the module is divided into 4 segments for pre-treatment. Welding is carried out on the segment immediately after pre-treatment.

[0104] Step 4: Select the wave-shaped beam path mode, such as... Figure 3 As shown;

[0105] Step 5: Select the following laser preprocessing parameters: spot diameter 2.0mm, defocusing amount 3.0mm, beam motion speed 12mm / s, laser power 800W, pulse width 4.0ms, frequency 55Hz;

[0106] Step Six: After preprocessing, the placement of components and tooling do not need to be changed;

[0107] Step 7: Continue to use laser sealing equipment to perform segmented welding on this section, with the welding direction opposite to the pretreatment direction;

[0108] Step 8: Select the following parameters for segmented welding: spot diameter 1.0mm, defocusing amount 0.5mm, welding speed 9mm / s, laser power 2500W, pulse width 3.0ms, frequency 70Hz;

[0109] Step 9: After completing the welding of this section, perform pretreatment and welding on the next section until all 4 sections are completed;

[0110] Step 10: In this embodiment, the weld width is 1.0mm, so the overlap length at the joint between segments is set to 2.5mm (2.5 times the weld width), and the overlap between segments is not at inflection points such as R-angle.

[0111] Weld profiles were observed for components using this method and for a control group that did not use it. The control group was welded directly using the traditional process without pretreatment, with the following welding parameters: spot diameter 1.0 mm, defocusing amount 0.5 mm, welding speed 9 mm / s, laser power 2500 W, pulse width 3.0 ms, and frequency 70 Hz.

[0112] Component weld cross-section as shown Figure 4 As shown: This method can effectively reduce the reflectivity of aluminum alloy to laser, and increase the weld penetration depth from 0.25mm to 0.95mm;

[0113] Meanwhile, due to improved heat dissipation during the welding process, which promoted uniform nucleation, no defects such as microstructure segregation, porosity, or cracks were observed. The airtightness of the control group was 3*10. -6 Pa / m 3 ·s, the airtightness of the application group is 6*10 -10 Pa / m 3 As can be seen from the fact that this method enables aluminum alloy aerospace microwave components to effectively meet service requirements.

[0114] Example 3: Microwave component, specifically a spaceborne microfluidic heat sink made with a shell of TU2 oxygen-free copper material. Service requirements include a weld penetration depth greater than 0.5 mm, a smooth and dense weld surface free of micropores or microcracks, and an airtightness better than 5*10 mm. -10 Pa / m 3The steps and process for applying this method to this component are as follows:

[0115] Step 1: Before soldering this microfluidic heat sink, there are no internal components. Use 800# sandpaper to sand the area to be soldered until all dirt and oxide layers are completely removed. After cleaning with sandpaper, use a lint-free cloth dampened with alcohol to remove sanding particles.

[0116] Step 2: Place the cleaned components on the workbench to await pretreatment. The components can be pretreated and welded in an argon or nitrogen glove box, or they can be operated in air, but the laser pretreatment and welding areas should be protected by blowing argon or nitrogen gas during the process;

[0117] Step 3: The casing material is oxygen-free copper. The module is pre-treated using the original laser sealing equipment in a segmented pre-treatment manner. The welding area of ​​the module is divided into two segments for pre-treatment. Welding is carried out on the segment immediately after pre-treatment.

[0118] Step 4: Select the wave-shaped beam path mode, such as... Figure 5 As shown;

[0119] Step 5: Select the following laser preprocessing parameters: spot diameter 1.6mm, defocusing amount 3.0mm, beam speed 7mm / s, laser power 600W, pulse width 5.0ms, frequency 40Hz;

[0120] Step Six: After preprocessing, the placement of components and tooling do not need to be changed;

[0121] Step 7: Continue to use laser sealing equipment to perform segmented welding on this section, with the welding direction opposite to the pretreatment direction;

[0122] Step 8: Select the following parameters for segmented welding: spot diameter 0.6mm, defocusing amount 1.0mm, welding speed 5mm / s, laser power 5000W, pulse width 3.0ms, frequency 35Hz;

[0123] Step 9: After completing the welding of this section, perform pretreatment and welding on the next section until all two sections are completed;

[0124] Step 10: In this embodiment, the weld width is 0.85mm, so the overlap length at the joint between segments is set to 2.55mm (3 times the weld width), and the overlap between segments is not at inflection points such as R-angle.

[0125] Weld profiles were observed for components using this method and a control group that did not use it. The control group used the traditional process and was directly welded without pretreatment. The welding parameters were as follows: spot diameter 0.6 mm, defocusing amount 1.0 mm, welding speed 5 mm / s, laser power 5000 W, pulse width 3.0 ms, and frequency 35 Hz.

[0126] Component weld cross-section as shown Figure 6 As shown: This method can effectively reduce the reflectivity of oxygen-free copper to laser, and increase the weld penetration depth from 0.2mm to 0.7mm;

[0127] Meanwhile, this method improved weld formation, resulting in uniform weld width and a smooth, dense weld surface. No defects such as incomplete welding, micropores, or microcracks were observed. The airtightness of the control group was 9*10. -4 Pa / m 3 ·s, the airtightness of the application group is 3*10 - 10 Pa / m 3 As can be seen, this method effectively improves the weld quality and airtightness of copper alloy aerospace microwave components.

[0128] In summary, compared with existing technologies, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0129] 1. The process flow and parameters described in this invention, combined with existing single-beam laser equipment, can improve weld quality and component airtightness. Compared with dual-beam laser welding, it can improve weld quality and component airtightness on the basis of single-beam equipment without replacing the existing single-beam equipment with dual-beam equipment, and without considering the mutual influence of beam ratio and energy ratio during the simultaneous emission of two beams. The process parameters have fewer influencing factors, which greatly shortens the development cycle.

[0130] 2. The method described in this invention does not require overall heating of the microwave component like the baking pretreatment welding method. While improving local solderability and weld quality, it does not affect the temperature safety of internal components and materials.

[0131] 3. This invention does not change the self-fusion welding characteristics, and the weld appearance is smoother and more beautiful than that of laser composite welding, which is beneficial to ensuring the installation accuracy of microwave components.

[0132] 4. The method described in this invention is highly compatible with the original sealing and welding equipment and process, does not require replacement of sealing and welding equipment or significant adjustment of welding process, is simple to operate and easy to implement, and has higher production efficiency than other methods;

[0133] 5. This invention utilizes a general-purpose single-beam laser device to pre-process the area to be welded of a microwave component according to a certain pre-processing path, beam propagation mode, and pre-processing parameters, and then performs reverse welding of the entire path or in segments. This not only improves the heat dissipation conditions during the welding process and promotes uniform nucleation, but also effectively improves the weld quality.

[0134] At the same time, it can reduce the laser reflectivity of highly reflective materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, greatly improve the weldability of materials, and achieve the purpose of improving the weld performance and airtightness of microwave components.

[0135] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0136] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing, characterized in that, include: S1: Select the appropriate tool based on the type of microwave component to clean the area to be soldered on the microwave component; S2: Select the preprocessing path, beam propagation mode, and preprocessing parameters based on the shell material of the microwave component; The preprocessing path includes: Full path preprocessing and segmented preprocessing: Full-path preprocessing refers to the one-time overall preprocessing of the area to be welded. The segmented pretreatment is as follows: the area to be welded is divided into at least two segments for pretreatment, and the segments are pretreated and then welded in sequence. After pretreatment, the pretreated segments are welded immediately. S3: Select the welding path according to the pretreatment path and perform laser welding; The welding path includes full-path welding and segmented welding: The full-path welding is used in conjunction with full-path pretreatment to perform one-time overall laser welding of the microwave component that has undergone full-path pretreatment in the reverse direction of the pretreatment path. The segmented welding and segmented pre-processing are used in conjunction. For the microwave components that have undergone segmented pre-processing, local laser welding is performed only on the pre-processed segments in the reverse direction of the pre-processing path. That is, the area that has just finished pre-processing is welded first, and the pre-processing and welding of the next segment are performed after the pre-processing and welding of one segment are completed.

2. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tool for selecting based on microwave component type includes: For microwave assemblies with exposed internal chips and interconnecting gold / aluminum / gold strip components, as well as microwave assemblies with a plating layer on the surface of the area to be soldered, bromopropane is used to clean the area to be soldered. For microwave components with internal potting, use sandpaper to clean the area to be soldered, and then use alcohol to remove any sanding particles after cleaning.

3. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of the pretreatment path based on the shell material of the microwave component includes: When the shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, stainless steel, or aluminum-silicon, full-path pretreatment is adopted; When the shell material is aluminum alloy, oxygen-free copper, or brass, segmented pretreatment is adopted.

4. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of the beam propagation direction based on the shell material of the microwave component includes: The beam's propagation patterns include straight, wavy, and overlapping.

5. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The beam propagation mode can be selected based on the tube shell material, including: When the tube shell material is titanium alloy, Kovar alloy, or stainless steel, the priority of the beam propagation mode is linear, wavy, and overlapping, in that order. When the tube shell material is aluminum-silicon or aluminum alloy, the priority of the beam propagation mode is wavy, straight, and overlapping, respectively. When the tube shell material is oxygen-free copper or brass, the priority of the beam propagation mode is, in order, overlapping, wavy, and straight.

6. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The laser preprocessing parameters are set according to the beam propagation mode, including: Linear type: spot diameter 2.0-3.0mm, defocus 2.0-4.0mm, beam speed 9-20mm / s, laser power 700-1000W, pulse width 2.5-6.0ms, frequency 50-70Hz; Wavy: Spot diameter 1.5-2.5mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 7-16 mm / s, laser power 600-900W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 40-60Hz; Overlapping type: spot diameter 1.0-2.0mm, defocus 1.5-3.5mm, beam speed 5-12mm / s, laser power 500-800W, pulse width 2.0-5.5ms, frequency 30-50Hz.

7. The microwave component pretreatment method based on single-beam laser sealing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the segmented pretreatment and segmented welding, the overlap length at the joint between segments is greater than 1.5 times the weld width and less than 5 times the weld width, and the overlap between segments is not at the R-angle inflection point.

Images