Annular spring composite conical lead cushion double-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation bearing and vibration and shock double control bearing

Abstract

This invention discloses a vertical vibration isolation support with a two-stage variable stiffness and a vibration control support, comprising: an upper connecting unit for connection and fixation to the upper structure; a lower connecting unit arranged below the upper connecting unit for connection and fixation to the lower structure; and a two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit installed between the upper and lower connecting units, comprising an upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, and an outer ring spring, wherein the upper and lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pads are respectively partially embedded within the outer ring spring. This invention utilizes a combination of a ring spring and a conical lead pad as a vibration isolation unit. Within the initial first-level loading range, the conical lead pad is compressed and deformed, resulting in low vertical stiffness of the vertical vibration isolation unit. Within the second-level loading range, the inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, while the outer ring spring undergoes outward circumferential expansion deformation, increasing the vertical stiffness of the vertical vibration isolation unit. This achieves two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration control, significantly improving the vibration isolation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building structure technology, and particularly relates to building vibration isolation / seismic technology, especially a ring spring composite conical lead pad dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support and a vibration and seismic dual-control support. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban construction in my country, urban land resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Subways, due to their advantages such as large capacity, all-weather operation, energy efficiency, safety, speed, and convenience, have become an important part of urban transportation in large cities. However, subway construction is very costly, and many cities face significant debt burdens due to subway construction projects. Developing properties above subway stations, sections, and underground spaces can not only improve the efficiency of urban land use but also effectively reduce subway construction costs. In recent years, various cities have taken the lead in utilizing the space above subway depots for property development, successfully improving the utilization rate of urban land resources and leveraging the transportation advantages along subway lines. Therefore, it can be said that subway-adjacent property development represents a secondary development and efficient utilization of land resources.

[0003] However, subway lines are getting closer and closer to building structures. The high-speed operation, braking, and acceleration of the subway can cause vertical vibrations and excessive noise levels in nearby buildings, restricting their functionality and making it difficult to meet relevant codes and regulations regarding structural comfort. Besides subway vibrations, the impact of horizontal earthquakes remains significant. Therefore, practical engineering structures face both seismic and vibration resistance requirements, necessitating the development of a structural system that can reduce both the horizontal seismic forces on the superstructure and the vertical impact of subway vibrations. This ensures that the superstructure remains usable during subway vibrations and prevents severe earthquake damage during a seismic event.

[0004] Currently, the main form of horizontal seismic isolation schemes for subway superstructures is to add a seismic isolation layer at an appropriate location in the building structure. By arranging horizontal seismic isolation bearings in the isolation layer, the horizontal seismic load on the superstructure is reduced. Common horizontal seismic isolation bearings arranged in the isolation layer include natural rubber bearings, lead-core rubber bearings, high-damping rubber bearings, elastic sliding plate rubber bearings, and friction pendulum bearings. These bearings generally have low stiffness in the two horizontal directions (X and Y directions) but high stiffness in the vertical direction (Z direction). Therefore, the deformation of the seismic isolation bearings is mainly horizontal. By setting up seismic isolation bearings, the horizontal stiffness of the structure can be reduced, thereby reducing the horizontal seismic load on the superstructure.

[0005] Currently, the main form of vertical vibration isolation scheme applied to subway superstructures is to add a vibration isolation layer at an appropriate location in the building structure. By arranging vertical vibration isolation supports in the isolation layer, the vertical vibration of the structure above the isolation layer is reduced. Common types of vertical vibration isolation supports arranged in the isolation layer include thick-walled rubber supports, helical steel spring supports, and disc steel spring supports.

[0006] While vibration control and structural isolation technologies have been developed for many years, a mature and widely applicable control device has yet to emerge for the dual control of vertical vibration and seismic forces on building structures in practical engineering. The technical bottlenecks and constraints of this problem are mainly manifested in:

[0007] (1) The existing seismic isolation bearings have a large vertical stiffness, which cannot reduce the vertical stiffness of the structure, nor can they reduce the vertical seismic action and vertical vibration of the seismic isolation structure. They do not have the effect of isolating vertical vibration, and on the contrary, they may even amplify the vertical seismic action and vertical vibration of the structure.

[0008] (2) Existing vibration isolation bearings (such as thick rubber bearings and steel helical spring bearings) have limited vertical bearing capacity, which means that when such vibration isolation bearings are used, the superstructure is limited to low-rise buildings. When the superstructure is tall, the vibration isolation components (thick rubber and steel helical springs) cannot withstand excessive vertical pressure and lose stability (thick rubber bulges) or are damaged (steel helical springs break).

[0009] (3) The vibration isolation frequency of the existing vibration control bearing used for vertical vibration control (such as thick rubber) is close to the first-order vertical natural frequency of the beam and column components of the lower structure, which cannot achieve the ideal vibration isolation frequency ratio, resulting in low vibration isolation efficiency for subway vibration waves.

[0010] (4) The existing vibration isolation bearings have limited vertical energy dissipation capacity. Due to the resonance effect, the subway vibration wave will exhibit an amplified vibration response at the vertical natural frequency point of the vibration isolation bearing. Therefore, the vibration isolation bearings need to be used in conjunction with dampers when designing them.

[0011] (5) Existing vibration-controlled bearings lack self-resetting ability. When used in buildings with a large height-to-width ratio during an earthquake, they may sway or even be stretched to yield, leading to overall overturning and failure of the structure.

[0012] (6) Existing dual-control bearings cannot meet the control requirements of both earthquakes and vertical vibrations. Earthquake motion and environmental vibrations from rail transit and ground transportation have different vibration characteristics. The former has high amplitude and wide spectrum, but low frequency, while the latter has low amplitude and narrow spectrum, but high frequency. Some existing dual-control bearings can only play a better control role in one aspect. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a ring spring composite conical lead pad dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support and a vibration-control dual-control support, solving the current deficiencies in vertical vibration isolation and horizontal seismic control.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0015] This invention first provides a two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support with a ring spring composite conical lead pad for isolating vertical vibrations. It includes: an upper connecting unit for connection and fixation to an upper structure; a lower connecting unit located below the upper connecting unit for connection and fixation to a lower structure; and a two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit installed between the upper and lower connecting units, comprising an upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, and an outer ring spring. The conical lead pad and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad are partially embedded in the outer ring spring, respectively, at the upper and lower parts. During the first stage of vertical loading, the conical lead pad deforms under pressure, providing the first stage of vertical stiffness. During the second stage of vertical loading, the conical lead pad locks, the inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, and the outer ring spring undergoes outward circumferential expansion deformation, providing the second stage of vertical stiffness. Furthermore, the first stage of vertical loading is less than the second stage of vertical loading, and the first stage of vertical stiffness is less than the second stage of vertical stiffness. By utilizing the combined vibration isolation unit of the ring spring and the conical lead pad, the vertical stiffness of the vibration isolation unit is low within the initial first stage loading range, and increases within the second stage loading range, achieving two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration control and significantly improving the vibration isolation effect.

[0016] This invention further provides a vibration-isolation dual-control bearing, including the aforementioned vertical vibration isolation bearing and a horizontal vibration isolation bearing. The horizontal vibration isolation bearing includes a horizontal isolation unit and a bottom connecting unit. The vertical vibration isolation bearing and the horizontal vibration isolation bearing are arranged in series, with the vertical vibration isolation bearing positioned above the horizontal vibration isolation bearing. The upper connecting unit of the vertical vibration isolation bearing is fixedly connected to the upper structural column pier, and the lower connecting unit of the vertical vibration isolation bearing is fixedly connected to the horizontal vibration isolation unit. Using the vibration-isolation dual-control bearing provided by this invention, it is possible to simultaneously isolate vertical vibration and horizontal seismic forces, which is particularly necessary for adjacent building structures along urban underground rail transit lines in high seismic fortification areas.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: The annular spring composite conical lead pad dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support and vibration dual-control support proposed in this invention have at least the following advantages compared with ordinary vertical vibration isolation supports and vibration dual-control supports:

[0018] (1) Two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation: Through the combination of ring spring and conical lead pad, the vertical stiffness of the vibration isolation unit is low in the initial first-stage loading range, and the vertical stiffness of the vibration isolation unit increases in the second-stage loading range, thereby realizing two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration control and significantly improving the vibration isolation effect.

[0019] (2) Strong vibration reduction and energy dissipation capacity: Through the combination of ring spring and conical lead pad vibration isolation unit, about two-thirds of the energy can be consumed in a vertical loading and unloading cycle. It is suitable for occasions where the space size is limited but a large amount of energy needs to be absorbed, or where considerable attenuation force and strong vibration isolation and buffering are required.

[0020] (3) Strong self-resetting ability: The combination of ring spring and conical lead pad isolating unit is subjected to force. The ring spring has a strong self-resetting function when it is vertically compressed. The performance is stable and repeatable, which helps to restore the structure after vibration and keep the vibration isolation structure in the elastic deformation stage without damage.

[0021] (4) Effectively reduces the vertical stiffness and vertical vibration isolation frequency of vertical vibration isolation components, significantly improving the vertical vibration isolation efficiency for subway vibration.

[0022] (5) Solve the problem of insufficient bearing capacity of vertical vibration isolation components, significantly improve the vertical bearing capacity of vibration and seismic control bearings, and ensure that the bearings can be used in multi-story and high-rise buildings.

[0023] (6) Solve the adverse effects of horizontal and vertical deformation coupling effect on the horizontal and vertical vibration isolation effects when horizontal and vertical vibration isolation bearings are used in combination.

[0024] (7) High material utilization: The combination of ring spring and conical lead pad is used to form a vibration isolation unit. The energy storage capacity of the ring spring per unit volume is greater than that of other types of springs, which can save the space required for the device and is economical.

[0025] (8) Flexible design: Engineers can change the design parameters such as the lubricant between the ring spring interfaces, the ring spring diameter, the ring spring thickness, the cone angle, the lead pad thickness, and the lead pad elastic modulus according to the vibration isolation and damping requirements of the superstructure to obtain a suitable characteristic line in order to achieve the best vertical vibration isolation effect.

[0026] It should be understood that the implementation of any embodiment of the present invention does not mean that it will simultaneously possess or achieve multiple or all of the above-mentioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0028] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of the overall structure of a vertical vibration isolation support according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of a vertical vibration isolation support according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the components of a vertical vibration isolation support according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is an exploded elevation view of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of local compression deformation of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of the upper connecting unit of the support according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6b This is an exploded view of the components of the upper connecting unit of the support according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of the lower connecting unit of the support according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7b This is an exploded view of the components of a lower support connection unit according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8bThis is an exploded view of the components of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9b This is an exploded view of the components of a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 10 This is an elevation view of another vertical vibration isolation support structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 An exploded three-dimensional view of the components of another vertical vibration isolation support according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 An exploded view of the components of another vertical vibration isolation support according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 13 A three-dimensional exploded view of the components of another dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 14 An exploded view of the components of another dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 15a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of a composite conical lead pad with a central inner ring spring according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 15b This is an exploded view of the components of a composite conical lead pad with a central inner ring spring according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 17a This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage stiffness working stage of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 17b for Figure 17a A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0052] Figure 18a This is a schematic diagram of the second-stage stiffness working stage of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 18b for Figure 18a A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0054] Figure 19This is a schematic diagram of the force-displacement curves of a two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical vibration isolation support of the present invention in use;

[0056] Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a vibration dual-control support according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 22 This is a schematic elevation view of a vibration dual-control support according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 23 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure and components of a vibration dual-control support according to the present invention;

[0059] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and component assembly of a vibration dual-control support according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 25a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of a horizontal seismic isolation unit according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 25b This is an exploded view of the components of a horizontal seismic isolation unit according to the present invention.

[0062] Figure 26a This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the components of a support bottom connection unit according to the present invention.

[0063] Figure 26b This is an exploded view of the components of a support bottom connection unit according to the present invention.

[0064] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration dual-control support of the present invention in use.

[0065] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0066] 100 - Vertical vibration isolation bearing; 200 - Horizontal vibration isolation bearing;

[0067] 1-Upper connection unit of support, 11-Upper cover plate of support, 12-Upper positioning ring of ring spring, 13-Upper anchor bolt;

[0068] 2-Lower support connecting unit, 21-Lower support cover plate, 22-Lower positioning ring of ring spring, 23-Lower anchor bolt;

[0069] 3-Dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit, 31-Upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, 311-Upper inner ring spring, 312-Upper annular conical lead pad, 32-Lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, 321-Lower inner ring spring, 322-Lower annular conical lead pad, 33-Outer ring spring, 34-Middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, 341-Middle inner ring spring, 342-Middle annular conical lead pad;

[0070] 4-Horizontal isolation unit, 41-Upper sliding surface, 42-Lower sliding surface, 43-Sliding core;

[0071] 5-Bottom connection unit of the support; 51-Base plate of the support; 52-Bottom anchor bolt;

[0072] 6-Connecting bolts;

[0073] S1 - First predetermined distance, S2 - Second predetermined distance.

[0074] In the various figures, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0076] In this invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprising / including," "consisting of," or any other variations are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include, where necessary, other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product, apparatus, process, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising / including," "consisting of," does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes said element.

[0077] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] It should also be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0080] To better understand the above technical solution, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solution in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0081] See Figures 1 to 3 The illustration shows an embodiment of a vertical vibration isolation support 100 for isolating vertical vibrations. It mainly includes an upper connecting unit 1, a lower connecting unit 2, and a two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3, thus forming a ring spring composite conical lead pad two-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support. The specific principle will be explained in detail below.

[0082] The upper connecting unit 1 of the support is used for connection and fixation to the superstructure, and the lower connecting unit 2 of the support is arranged below the upper connecting unit 1 of the support and is used for connection and fixation to the substructure. The superstructure supported by the vertical vibration isolation support 100 is, for example, a structural column. The upper connecting unit 1 of the support is located below the upper structural column pier and is connected and fixed to the upper structural column pier, while the lower connecting unit 2 of the support is located on the substructure or foundation column pier and is connected and fixed to support the structural column and simultaneously provide isolation from vertical vibrations. Figure 20 As shown.

[0083] Combination Figures 1 to 4 The dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3 is installed between the upper connecting unit 1 and the lower connecting unit 2 of the support. The dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3 includes an upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31, a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32, and an outer ring spring 33. The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is coupled to the upper connecting unit 1 of the support and is partially embedded in the outer ring spring 33 from the upper part. The lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 is coupled to the lower connecting unit 2 of the support and is partially embedded in the outer ring spring 33 from the lower part. The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 are positioned vertically opposite each other and spaced apart in the outer ring spring 33.

[0084] This invention proposes a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3, which uses an inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and an outer ring spring connected in series to ensure that the vertical stiffness of each load-bearing unit is much smaller than that of the inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and the outer ring spring, which can significantly reduce the vertical vibration isolation frequency of the support and thus improve the vertical vibration isolation efficiency of the support.

[0085] Meanwhile, this invention proposes a composite method using a ring spring and a conical lead pad. This method utilizes the different deformation characteristics of the ring spring and the conical lead pad to achieve two-stage variable stiffness operation of the vertical vibration isolation unit under different pressures. Specifically, within the first-stage vertical loading range, only the conical lead pad undergoes shear deformation, at which point the vertical vibration isolation unit exhibits first-stage vertical stiffness. Within the second-stage vertical loading range (greater than the first-stage vertical loading), the conical lead pad locks and no longer undergoes shear deformation. The inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, while the outer ring spring begins outward circumferential expansion deformation. At this point, the vertical vibration isolation unit exhibits second-stage vertical stiffness, which is greater than the first-stage vertical stiffness. When the first-stage vertical stiffness compression is complete, the vertical pressure on the support increases significantly, preventing the upper building structure from swaying and collapsing. This effectively improves the vertical vibration isolation efficiency and damping energy dissipation effect, expanding the application range and scenarios of the vertical vibration isolation unit.

[0086] Meanwhile, the combination of ring springs and conical lead pads in the vibration isolation unit combines the self-resetting capability under force. The ring springs have a strong self-resetting function when vertically compressed, and their performance is stable and repeatable. This helps to restore the structure after vibration, keeping the vibration isolation structure in the elastic deformation stage without damage, and realizing the vertical self-resetting function of the support.

[0087] In addition, the combination of ring spring and conical lead pad has a strong vibration reduction and energy dissipation capacity. It can consume about two-thirds of the energy in a single vertical loading and unloading cycle. It is suitable for occasions where space is limited but large energy absorption is required, or where considerable damping force and strong vibration isolation and buffering are required.

[0088] For details, see Figure 5The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 are embedded in the outer ring spring 33, but the sides of the two that are far apart from each other exceed the outer ring spring 33 by a first predetermined distance S1. That is, the top surface of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 exceeds the top surface of the outer ring spring 33 by a first predetermined distance S1, and similarly, the bottom surface of the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 exceeds the bottom surface of the outer ring spring 33 by a first predetermined distance S1. Furthermore, the sides of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 that are close to each other are spaced apart by a second predetermined distance S2. That is, the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31... The bottom surface of the support is S2 away from the top surface of the inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32. With this structure, when the support is vertically loaded, only the conical lead pad undergoes shear deformation within the first level of vertical loading. Within the second level of vertical loading, the conical lead pad is locked and no longer undergoes shear deformation. The inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, and the outer ring spring begins to undergo outward circumferential expansion deformation. This achieves dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation, which can effectively improve the vertical vibration isolation efficiency and damping energy dissipation effect. Furthermore, the second level of vertical stiffness is greater, which can provide higher vertical bearing capacity and prevent the upper building structure from swaying and collapsing.

[0089] In this invention, S1 is preferably (0.5~0.8)S2, and more preferably S1 is 1 / 2S2, that is, the sum of the two first predetermined distances S1 is the same as the second predetermined distance S2. In other words, under the extreme condition, the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 are exactly completely compressed into the outer ring spring 33, resulting in a more regular and aesthetically pleasing overall structure. Of course, the second predetermined distance S2 can also be designed to be larger. When S2 is larger, the conical lead pad can be designed to be thicker, which can better utilize the advantage of the low shear stiffness of the conical lead pad.

[0090] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6a The diagram shows an upper support connection unit 1, including: an upper support cover plate 11, an upper positioning ring 12 of a ring spring, and an upper anchor bolt 13. The upper support cover plate 11 is connected and fixed to the upper structure through the upper anchor bolt 13, and the upper structure is, for example, a structural column.

[0091] like Figure 6b The upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring is welded and fixed to the lower surface of the upper cover plate 11 of the support. It is used to position the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and restrict the horizontal movement of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31. That is, it is not allowed to move horizontally, but only vertically. This achieves the decoupling of the horizontal deformation and vertical deformation of the vertical vibration isolation support 100 and the subsequent vibration dual-control support.

[0092] Specifically, the support cover plate 11 can be a square or round steel plate, the size and thickness of which are determined according to design requirements. For example... Figure 6a As shown, bolt holes are opened near the four corners of the support cover plate 11 and four upper anchor bolts 13 are pre-installed. The upper anchor bolts 13 extend upward and are used to connect and fix to the bottom of the upper structural column pier.

[0093] Similarly, as Figure 7a The diagram shows a support lower connection unit 2, including: support lower cover plate 21, ring spring lower positioning ring 22, and lower anchor bolt 23. The support lower cover plate 21 is connected and fixed to the lower structure through the lower anchor bolt 23. The lower structure can be, for example, a structural column or foundation column pier of the lower building structure.

[0094] like Figure 7b The lower positioning ring 22 of the ring spring is welded and fixed to the upper surface of the lower cover plate 21 of the support. It is used to position the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 and restrict the horizontal movement of the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32. That is, it is not allowed to move horizontally, but only vertically. This achieves the decoupling of the horizontal deformation and vertical deformation of the vertical vibration isolation support 100 and the subsequent vibration dual control support.

[0095] The structure of the lower cover plate 21 and the lower anchor bolt 23 of the support is the same as that of the upper cover plate 11 and the upper anchor bolt 13 of the support, and will not be described again here.

[0096] In addition, combined Figures 1 to 3 The upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring positions the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 in one of the following ways: the inner diameter of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is the same as the outer diameter of the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring, and the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is precisely engaged with the outer circumference of the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring. This achieves horizontal limitation of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 by the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring, but allows the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 to move vertically relative to the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring. Of course, it is also possible that the outer diameter of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is the same as the inner diameter of the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring, and the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is precisely engaged with the inner ring of the upper positioning ring 12 of the ring spring. This is easily understood and implemented by those skilled in the art.

[0097] See also Figure 8a , 8bThis invention provides a specific upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31, which is composed of an upper inner ring spring 311 and an upper annular conical lead pad 312. The upper inner ring spring 311 is an annular conical structure with a certain height, generally with a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening, and has inclined sidewalls. The top surface of the upper inner ring spring 311 extends beyond the top surface of the outer ring spring 33 by a first predetermined distance S1. The upper annular conical lead pad 312 matches the shape of the upper inner ring spring 311, that is, it is also an annular conical structure with a certain height, generally with a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening, but its height can be slightly smaller than that of the upper inner ring spring 311 to reserve a certain space for the compression deformation of the lead pad. The upper annular conical lead pad 312 is sleeved on the inclined sidewall of the upper inner ring spring, and the two form a whole. At this time, the upper inner side of the outer ring spring 33 has a corresponding matching annular conical structure. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The upper inner side of the outer ring spring 33 also has an inclined sidewall with a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening. The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is embedded in the inclined sidewall of the upper inner side of the outer ring spring 33, forming a tight contact.

[0098] The lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 has a similar structure, see [link / reference]. Figure 9a , 9b It consists of a lower inner ring spring 321 and a lower annular conical lead pad 322. The overall shape is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, with inclined sidewalls. The bottom surface of the lower inner ring spring 321 extends beyond the bottom surface of the outer ring spring 33 by a first predetermined distance S1. The shape of the lower annular conical lead pad 322 matches that of the lower inner ring spring 321, that is, it is also smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The lower annular conical lead pad 322 is fitted onto the inclined sidewall of the lower inner ring spring, and the two form a whole. The lower inner side of the outer ring spring 33 also has an inclined sidewall with a smaller top and a larger bottom. The lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 is embedded in the inclined sidewall of the lower inner side of the outer ring spring 33, forming a tight contact.

[0099] As is easily understood, by fitting a ring-shaped conical lead pad onto the inclined sidewall of the inner ring spring, this composite method utilizes the different deformation characteristics of the ring spring and the conical lead pad to achieve two-stage variable stiffness operation of the vertical isolation unit under different pressures. Within the first-stage vertical loading range, only the conical lead pad undergoes shear deformation, and the vertical stiffness of the isolation unit is at the first-stage stiffness. Within the second-stage vertical loading range, the conical lead pad locks and no longer undergoes shear deformation, while the ring spring begins circumferential expansion deformation, and the vertical stiffness of the isolation unit is at the second-stage stiffness.

[0100] See also Figures 10 to 12 The image shows another embodiment of a vertical vibration isolation support 100, which mainly includes an upper support connecting unit 1, a lower support connecting unit 2, and a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3, thus forming a ring spring composite conical lead pad dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support.

[0101] The difference is that the dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3, in addition to the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32, also includes at least one middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 34, which is composed of the middle inner ring spring 341 and two middle annular conical lead pads 342.

[0102] See Figure 13 , 14 15a and 15b, the central inner ring spring 341 is a double-ring conical structure with a certain height, and the overall shape is smaller at the top and bottom and larger in the middle. Specifically, the central inner ring spring 341 is a symmetrical structure, which can be regarded as including two parts, the upper part is equivalent to a lower inner ring spring 321, and the lower part is equivalent to an upper inner ring spring 311. The two parts are mirror-symmetrical about the central horizontal plane. Corresponding to this structure, the two central annular conical lead pads 342 are respectively matched with the double ring shape of the central inner ring spring 341. That is, one central annular conical lead pad 342 is fitted onto the inclined side wall of the upper part of the central inner ring spring 341, and the other central annular conical lead pad 342 is fitted onto the inclined side wall of the lower part of the central inner ring spring 341.

[0103] Corresponding to the above structure, two outer ring springs 33 are provided, one above and one below the middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 34. The upper half of the middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 34 is embedded in the upper outer ring spring 33 with one of the middle annular conical lead pads 342, and the lower half of the middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad is embedded in the lower outer ring spring 33 with the other middle annular conical lead pad 342. In addition, the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 31 is embedded in the upper outer ring spring 33 from above, and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad 32 is embedded in the lower outer ring spring 33 from below, in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

[0104] It should be noted that, according to the design requirements of the vibration isolation bearing stiffness, multiple composite conical lead pads 34 of the inner ring spring in the middle can be stacked as needed. The more pads there are, the lower the stiffness of the bearing. The outer ring springs 33 can be increased accordingly.

[0105] The diameters of the conical lead pads and ring springs range from 100 to 500 mm, and the heights from 10 to 100 mm. The inclination angle of the conical surface ranges from 12° to 20°. When the conical surface requires high machining precision, an inclination angle of 12° can be used; when there are no special precision requirements for the conical surface, an inclination angle of 14° can be used; and when the coefficient of friction of the conical surface is high, an inclination angle of 16° to 20° can be used. Engineers can obtain suitable characteristic curves by changing design parameters such as the lubricant between the ring spring interfaces, the ring spring diameter, the ring spring thickness, the conical inclination angle, the lead pad thickness, and the lead pad elastic modulus, according to the vibration isolation and damping requirements of the superstructure, in order to achieve the best vertical vibration isolation effect and make the design more flexible.

[0106] Circular springs have high material utilization and a larger energy storage capacity per unit volume than other types of springs, saving space and offering good economic benefits. Optionally, the circular spring can be made of high-quality spring steel such as 60Si2MnA, 50CrVA, stainless steel, chromium-nickel-iron alloy, or other materials that meet design requirements. The circular conical lead pad is made of metallic lead. When deformed, the lead pad provides damping force through yielding energy dissipation. This results in a vertical vibration isolation support that significantly improves the vertical damping ratio, ensuring the energy dissipation capacity in the vertical vibration direction. It effectively addresses the resonance effect of amplified vibration response at the vertical natural frequency of the support, achieving better vibration isolation. Furthermore, under seismic loading, it can add vertical damping to the superstructure, reducing vertical seismic damage.

[0107] In addition, the tapered lead pad is connected to the inner ring spring through a vulcanization or adhesive bonding process, ensuring effective connection and force transmission between the tapered lead pad unit and the inner ring spring, while also delaying the aging of the lead pad to some extent. The tapered lead pad and the outer ring spring are in direct contact under pressure, and lubricant or a coating to increase the coefficient of friction can be applied to the contact surface as needed.

[0108] The following is combined Figures 16 to 19 This explains the working principle of the dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support of the present invention.

[0109] Figure 16 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation bearing (partial) is shown. The dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit 3 is subjected to vertical loads from the bearing during use. When the vertical pressure is low, the vertical vibration isolation unit is compressed and deformed by the conical lead pad. At this time, the vertical stiffness of the overall bearing is low, representing the first-stage working state. Verification shows that the vertical stiffness performance of the bearing at this state is significantly lower than that of existing traditional vertical vibration isolation bearings. The vertical vibration isolation frequency of traditional vertical vibration isolation bearings is generally in the range of 4–12 Hz, while the vertical vibration isolation frequency of the bearing proposed in this invention can be as low as 1–2 Hz, achieving extremely high vibration isolation efficiency (e.g., ...). Figure 17a , 17b (As shown).

[0110] When the vertical pressure is large, the conical lead pad in the vertical vibration isolation unit reaches its maximum deformation under pressure and then contacts the inclined walls of the inner and outer ring springs. At this point, the conical lead pad is shear-locked, the inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, and the outer ring spring undergoes outward circumferential expansion deformation. Consequently, the vertical stiffness of the overall support is greater than in the first stage (e.g., Figure 18a , 18b As shown), this is the second-level operating state. In the second-level operating state, the ring spring will exhibit a hysteretic energy dissipation curve under reciprocating load (as shown). Figure 19 As shown in the figure, when the ring spring is subjected to vertical reciprocating vibration excitation, it can provide greater vertical damping for the overall structure, thereby improving the vertical vibration isolation effect.

[0111] It is easy to understand that the vertical vibration isolation bearing 100 provided by the present invention is mainly used to isolate the vertical vibration. In seismic fortification areas with low seismic action, the seismic resistance requirements of the superstructure are low, and there is no need for vibration isolation, but the vertical vibration is relatively severe, and the vertical vibration reduction requirement is high. The vertical vibration isolation bearing 100 of the present invention can solve this problem well.

[0112] However, in seismically fortified areas with strong seismic forces, the seismic resistance requirements of the superstructure are high, especially for buildings adjacent to urban underground rail transit lines. In such cases, both vertical vibration and horizontal seismic forces need to be considered. Therefore, this invention further provides a vibration-seismic dual-control bearing to simultaneously isolate vertical vibration and horizontal seismic forces, which is particularly necessary for buildings adjacent to urban underground rail transit lines in high seismic fortification areas.

[0113] See Figures 21 to 24 The vibration-controlled bearing includes a vertical vibration isolation bearing 100 and a horizontal vibration isolation bearing 200. The horizontal vibration isolation bearing 200 includes a horizontal vibration isolation unit 4 and a bearing bottom connection unit 5.

[0114] The horizontal isolation unit 4 provides isolation against horizontal earthquakes; however, this invention does not impose specific limitations on it, for example, it could be... Figure 25a , 25b The friction pendulum support shown includes upper and lower sliding surfaces 41 and 42, and a sliding core 43 disposed between the upper and lower sliding surfaces 41 and 42. The sliding core 43 is installed between the upper and lower sliding surfaces 41 and 42. Bolt holes are pre-set around the upper and lower sliding surfaces 41 and 42. The upper sliding surface 41 is connected and fixed to the lower support connecting unit 2 of the upper vertical vibration isolation support 100 by a set of connecting bolts 6. The lower sliding surface 42 is connected and fixed to the bottom support connecting unit 5 by a set of connecting bolts 6.

[0115] Of course, the horizontal isolation unit 4 can also be other devices that can isolate horizontal earthquakes, such as natural rubber bearings, lead-core rubber bearings, and sliding plate bearings.

[0116] The bottom connecting unit 5 of the support can also include a support base plate 51, and can also be connected and fixed to the lower structure by means of bottom anchor bolts 52, such as Figure 26a , 26b As shown, bolt holes are opened near the four corners of the bottom connecting unit 5 of the support and four bottom anchor bolts 52 are pre-installed. The bottom anchor bolts 52 extend downward and are used to connect and fix to the structural column or foundation column pier.

[0117] Vertical vibration isolation bearing 100 and horizontal vibration isolation bearing 200 are arranged in series, such as... Figure 27 As shown, the vertical vibration isolation support 100 is arranged above the horizontal vibration isolation support 200. The upper support connecting unit 1 of the vertical vibration isolation support 100 is connected and fixed to the upper structure column pier. The lower support connecting unit 2 of the vertical vibration isolation support 100 is connected and fixed to the horizontal vibration isolation unit 4 of the horizontal vibration isolation support 200. The bottom support connecting unit 5 of the horizontal vibration isolation support 200 is connected and fixed to the lower structure or foundation column pier.

[0118] In summary, the dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit designed in this invention adopts a composite method of a ring spring and a conical lead pad. By utilizing the different deformation characteristics of the ring spring and the conical lead pad, the vertical vibration isolation unit can achieve two-stage variable stiffness stress operation characteristics under different pressures.

[0119] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the above-mentioned preferred solutions can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ring spring composite conical lead pad double-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation support for isolating vertical vibration, characterized in that, include: The upper connection unit of the support is used to connect and fix it to the upper structure; The lower connecting unit of the support is arranged below the upper connecting unit of the support and is used to connect and fix it to the lower structure. A dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit is installed between the upper and lower connecting units of the support. It includes an upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, a lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, and an outer ring spring. The upper and lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pads are partially embedded within the outer ring spring, respectively. The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad includes: an upper inner ring spring, which has an overall annular conical structure with a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening, and has inclined sidewalls; and an upper annular conical lead pad, matching the shape of the upper inner ring spring and fitted onto the inclined sidewalls of the upper inner ring spring. The upper inner side of the outer ring spring has a corresponding matching annular conical structure, and the upper annular conical lead pad is clamped between the inclined sidewalls of the upper inner ring spring and the outer ring spring; the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad includes: a lower inner ring spring, which has an overall annular conical structure with a smaller upper opening and a larger lower opening, and has inclined sidewalls; a lower annular conical lead pad, which matches the shape of the lower inner ring spring and is sleeved on the inclined sidewall of the lower inner ring spring; and the lower inner side of the outer ring spring has a corresponding matching annular conical structure, and the lower annular conical lead pad is clamped between the inclined sidewalls of the lower inner ring spring and the outer ring spring; The dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit exhibits first-stage vertical stiffness when the conical lead pad is compressed and deformed during the first-stage vertical loading. During the second-stage vertical loading, the conical lead pad is locked, the inner ring spring undergoes inward circumferential compression deformation, and the outer ring spring undergoes outward circumferential expansion deformation. The vibration isolation unit exhibits second-stage vertical stiffness. Furthermore, the first-stage vertical loading is less than the second-stage vertical loading, and the first-stage vertical stiffness is less than the second-stage vertical stiffness.

2. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad are respectively connected to the upper connecting unit and the lower connecting unit of the support, and are restricted to horizontal movement, only vertical movement occurs.

3. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper connection unit of the support includes: The upper cover plate of the support is connected and fixed to the upper structure by upper anchor bolts; The upper positioning ring of the ring spring is fixed to the lower surface of the upper cover plate of the support and is circumferentially sleeved with the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad to restrict the horizontal movement of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and only allow it to move vertically.

4. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower connecting unit of the support includes: The lower cover plate of the support is connected and fixed to the lower structure by lower anchor bolts; The lower positioning ring of the ring spring is fixed to the upper surface of the lower cover plate of the support and is circumferentially sleeved with the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad to restrict the horizontal movement of the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and only allow it to move vertically.

5. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sides of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad that are far apart from each other are respectively beyond the outer ring spring by a first predetermined distance, and the sides of the upper inner ring spring composite conical lead pad and the lower inner ring spring composite conical lead pad that are close to each other are spaced apart by a second predetermined distance, and the first predetermined distance is less than the second predetermined distance.

6. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first predetermined distance is 0.5 to 0.8 times the second predetermined distance.

7. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top surface of the upper inner ring spring extends beyond the top surface of the outer ring spring by a first predetermined distance.

8. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the lower inner ring spring extends beyond the bottom surface of the outer ring spring by a first predetermined distance.

9. The vertical vibration isolation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-stage variable stiffness vertical vibration isolation unit further includes at least one central inner ring spring composite conical lead pad, wherein the central inner ring spring composite conical lead pad comprises: The inner ring spring in the middle is a double-ring conical structure with a certain height, and the overall shape is small at the top and bottom and large in the middle; Two centrally located annular conical lead pads are respectively matched to the double-ring shape of the central inner ring spring, and are respectively fitted around the double ring of the central inner ring spring; and The outer ring spring includes an upper outer ring spring and a lower outer ring spring. The upper part of the middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad is embedded in the upper outer ring spring, and the lower part of the middle inner ring spring composite conical lead pad is embedded in the lower outer ring spring.

10. The vertical vibration isolation support according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The tapered lead pad is connected to the inner ring spring by vulcanization or adhesive bonding, while the tapered lead pad is in direct contact with the outer ring spring under pressure.

11. A vibration dual-control support, characterized in that, Includes the vertical vibration isolation bearing as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, and a horizontal vibration isolation bearing, wherein the horizontal vibration isolation bearing includes a horizontal vibration isolation unit and a bearing bottom connecting unit; and The vertical vibration isolation bearings and the horizontal vibration isolation bearings are arranged in series. The vertical vibration isolation bearings are arranged above the horizontal vibration isolation bearings. The upper connecting unit of the vertical vibration isolation bearing is connected and fixed to the upper structural column pier. The lower connecting unit of the vertical vibration isolation bearing is connected and fixed to the horizontal vibration isolation unit.

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