An elastic yielding support structure suitable for soil-rock composite stratum deformation conditions

Abstract

The application relates to an elastic yielding support structure suitable for soil-rock composite stratum deformation conditions, belonging to the technical field of tunnel construction, which comprises multiple I-shaped frames in an arch shape; multiple radial yielding devices are installed on each I-shaped frame; the radial yielding device comprises an extrusion frame, a pressure-yielding plate, an equalizing plate and an energy consumption plate; the support structure further comprises multiple longitudinal yielding devices, which have the same structure as the radial yielding device; the end surface of the extrusion frame of the longitudinal yielding device is perpendicular to the length direction of the tunnel; and the longitudinal yielding device is simultaneously installed on multiple I-shaped frames. The support structure can absorb strain energy through the elastic deformation of the pressure-yielding plate, and further absorb strain energy through the deformation of the energy consumption plate limited by the extrusion frame, so as to play a supporting role; in addition, the radial yielding device and the longitudinal yielding device are separately arranged, so that the radial yielding device and the longitudinal yielding device are easy to replace and cope with different geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to an elastic yield support structure suitable for deformation conditions of soil-rock composite strata. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects, closed water conveyance channels, known as hydraulic tunnels, are often excavated through mountains for water conveyance or flood discharge. Tunnels require support structures to suppress stress on their inner walls.

[0003] Publication No. CN214660236U discloses a support structure for weak surrounding rock. It includes a steel arch frame, a clamping mechanism, an airbag, a support mechanism, and a clamping plate. In this prior art, a base plate is first laid, the steel arch frame is fixed to the base plate, and then a first elastic element, a first gasket, a second gasket, a clamping plate, and an airbag are installed. Air is injected into the airbag; the clamping plate, under the pressure of the second gasket, presses outward against the inner wall of the surrounding rock, thus subjecting the inner wall of the tunnel to pressure and inhibiting the release of internal stress in the surrounding rock.

[0004] The disadvantages of this existing technology are: First, it has an airbag, which needs to be inflated; the overall structure is complex. Second, for a given tunnel, the geological conditions vary at different locations. Different geological conditions typically require different elastic components to address the specific geological conditions at each location. However, the existing clamping plate is a single unit. Replacing one of the elastic components will affect the disassembly of the remaining elastic components and the clamping plate. Therefore, it is not easy to replace any one of the elastic components individually, and it cannot flexibly cope with complex geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an elastic yield support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata. It avoids air pockets, making the overall structure simpler. Furthermore, it is easy to disassemble and replace, making it convenient to cope with different geological conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an elastic relief support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata, characterized in that it comprises multiple arched I-beams arranged side-by-side along the tunnel length; each I-beam is equipped with multiple radial relief devices; the radial relief devices include: a compression frame, tubular in shape and adapted to the shape of the I-beam; the compression frame is mounted on the I-beam, with one side surface of the compression frame abutting against the surface of the I-beam; a relief plate capable of elastic deformation under stress; the relief plate abutting against the side surface of the compression frame away from the I-beam; and a pressure equalizing plate abutting against the side surface of the relief plate away from the compression frame. The equalizing plate abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel on the side away from the pressure relief plate. An energy-dissipating plate is fixed to the equalizing plate and located on the side of the equalizing plate facing the pressure relief plate. There are two energy-dissipating plates. The energy-dissipating plate can abut against the side wall corresponding to the compression frame through the deformation of the pressure relief plate. The support structure also includes multiple longitudinal relief devices, which have the same structure as the radial relief devices. The compression frame axis of the longitudinal relief device is set along the length of the tunnel. The longitudinal relief devices are simultaneously installed on multiple I-beams. The connection point between each longitudinal relief device and the I-beam is located in the gap between two adjacent radial relief devices on the same I-beam.

[0007] Furthermore, the end face shape of the extrusion frame is an isosceles trapezoid; let the longer side of the two base sides of the extrusion frame end face be the lower base side, and the shorter side be the upper base side, the midline of the isosceles trapezoid end face be line G, and the two energy-consuming plates are symmetrically arranged along line G.

[0008] By setting up two energy-dissipating plates, stress can be dissipated by both plates simultaneously. Since the extrusion frame is an isosceles trapezoid, the two energy-dissipating plates are symmetrically arranged along line G. This way, when the pressure plate deforms, the two energy-dissipating plates can simultaneously contact the outer surface of the extrusion frame. The deformation of the extrusion frame through the energy-dissipating plates will result in a more balanced stress distribution on both sides.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure plate includes a lower straight plate, a connecting plate, and an upper straight plate, the end face of which is "Z" shaped. The lower straight plate abuts against the surface where the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located. The area of ​​the surface where the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located is larger than the surface area of ​​the lower straight plate. The surface where the lower bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located abuts against the surface of the I-beam frame.

[0010] By making the area of ​​the top bottom edge of the extrusion frame larger than the surface area of ​​the bottom straight plate, the top bottom edge of the extrusion frame can stably support the bottom straight plate and prevent the pressure plate from detaching from the top bottom edge of the extrusion frame during deformation.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates is greater than the length D2 of the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame; the distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates is less than the length D4 of the lower bottom edge of the extrusion frame.

[0012] Ensure that during the elastic deformation of the pressure plate, the energy dissipation plate can contact the side wall of the extrusion frame when subjected to stress exceeding the threshold Q.

[0013] Furthermore, two protective plates are fixed to the side of the pressure equalizing plate facing the pressure plate. The two protective plates are symmetrically arranged along line G. The distance D1 between the two protective plates is greater than the distance D3 between the two energy dissipation plates, and there is a gap between the protective plates and the energy dissipation plates.

[0014] If the pressure between the energy-dissipating plate and the extrusion frame is too high, the energy-dissipating plate will come into contact with the protective plate, thereby limiting the deformation of the energy-dissipating plate and allowing the stress energy to be stably transferred to the extrusion frame. Then, the deformation of the extrusion frame further suppresses the stress. Generally, there are only two stages: the first stage is that the displacement plate deforms to absorb strain energy; the second stage is that the energy-dissipating plate deforms towards the protective plate to absorb strain energy because it is restricted by the extrusion frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the compression frames of the radial clearance device and the longitudinal clearance device are installed on the I-beam frame by cable clips or U-shaped clips.

[0016] It is easy to disassemble and replace, and the replacement of the remaining radial and longitudinal clearance devices is not affected.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The radial and longitudinal clearance devices in this solution are simple and easy to assemble, avoiding the airbags in existing technologies, thus the structure is simple. 2. The radial and longitudinal clearance devices in this scheme are independent. When one radial or longitudinal clearance device is disassembled and replaced, the other radial or longitudinal clearance devices are not affected. Therefore, it is easy to disassemble and can cope with different geological conditions. 3. The radial and longitudinal clearance devices in this scheme are separate and independent. The arrangement of the radial and longitudinal clearance devices is flexible and can better adapt to the soil-rock composite bottom layer. 4. The energy-dissipating plate can deform in the direction of the protective plate. By adjusting the elastic coefficient of the pressure plate or the thickness of the energy-dissipating plate, the stress energy absorption effect of the radial or longitudinal relief device can be different, which can adapt to more complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a radial or longitudinal clearance device. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the radial and longitudinal clearance devices are installed.

[0020] 1. I-beam frame; 2. Extrusion frame; 3. Pressure relief plate; 31. Lower straight plate; 32. Connecting plate; 33. Upper straight plate; 4. Pressure equalizing plate; 5. Protective plate; 6. Energy dissipation plate; 7. Radial clearance device; 8. Longitudinal clearance device. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See Figure 1 An elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata includes multiple I-beams 1, each made of steel. The multiple I-beams 1 are arranged along... Figure 1 The I-beams are arranged side-by-side along the X-direction. When viewed along the X-direction, each I-beam 1 is arched, and the lower end of each I-beam 1 is fixed to the ground of the tunnel. The X-direction is consistent with the length direction of the tunnel.

[0023] Each I-beam 1 is equipped with multiple radial clearance devices 7, which abut against the inner wall of the tunnel; the radial clearance device 7 includes: The extrusion frame 2 is tubular; in this embodiment, the end face of the extrusion frame 2 is an isosceles trapezoid, and the shape of the extrusion frame 2 is adapted to the shape of the I-beam 1. Let the longer of the two bases of the isosceles trapezoidal extrusion frame 2 be the lower base and the shorter one be the upper base. The surface containing the lower base of the extrusion frame 2 contacts the I-beam 1, and the extrusion frame 2 is installed on the I-beam 1 via a cable clip or a U-shaped clip. Note that since the I-beam 1 is arched, including straight sections and arcs, the shape of the extrusion frame 2 is adapted to the I-beam 1, and the extrusion frame 2 also has both straight and curved shapes.

[0024] The pressure plate 3, viewed along the axis of the extrusion frame 2, is Z-shaped and made of steel. The shape of the pressure plate 3 matches the shape of the corresponding extrusion frame 2; that is, as mentioned above, the pressure plate 3 also has both straight and curved shapes. The pressure plate 3 is elastic and can undergo a certain degree of elastic deformation under stress. The pressure plate 3 includes a lower straight plate 31, a connecting plate 32, and an upper straight plate 33. The surface of the lower straight plate 31 abuts against the surface of the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame 2; and the area of ​​the surface of the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame 2 is larger than the surface area of ​​the lower straight plate 31, in order to allow the pressure plate 3 to be stably compressed and deformed.

[0025] The equalizing plate 4 is made of steel and its shape is adapted to the shape of the pressure plate 3. As mentioned above, the equalizing plate 4 also has two shapes: straight and curved. The surface of the equalizing plate 4 abuts against the surface of the upper straight plate 33; the side surface of the equalizing plate 4 away from the extrusion frame 2 abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0026] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 Two protective plates 5, made of steel, are fixed to the surface of the equalizing plate 4 near the pressure plate 3. Viewed from the end face of the extrusion frame 2, let line G be the midline of the isosceles trapezoidal end face; then, the two protective plates 5 are symmetrically arranged along line G. The distance D1 between the two protective plates 5 is greater than the length D2 of the upper base of the extrusion frame 2; that is, the two protective plates 5 are fitted onto the extrusion frame 2, but the protective plates 5 do not contact the extrusion frame 2.

[0027] Two energy-consuming plates 6, made of steel, are fixed to the surface of the equalizing plate 4 near the pressure plate 3, viewed from the end face of the extrusion frame 2. The two energy-consuming plates 6 are symmetrically arranged along line G. The distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates 6 is less than the distance D1 between the two protective plates 5; the distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates 6 is greater than the length D2 of the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame 2, and less than the length D4 of the lower bottom edge of the extrusion frame 2. In other words, the two energy-consuming plates 6 are fitted onto the extrusion frame 2, and the two energy-consuming plates 6 do not contact the protective plates 5, leaving a gap between the energy-consuming plates 6 and the protective plates 5.

[0028] When the radial clearance device 7 is subjected to tunnel stress, i.e. Figure 3 If the force in the direction of the middle arrow exceeds the set threshold Q, the force acts on the equalizing plate 4. The equalizing plate 4 and the extrusion frame 2 jointly compress the pressure plate 3, causing the pressure plate 3 to undergo elastic deformation. Then, the energy-dissipating plate 6 abuts against the outer wall where the two sides of the isosceles trapezoidal extrusion frame 2 are located. The force then causes the energy-dissipating plate 6 to deform in the direction of the corresponding protective plate 5, absorbing strain energy and further resisting stress through the deformation of the energy-dissipating plate 6. If the stress is less than or equal to the threshold Q, only the pressure plate 3 undergoes elastic deformation; the energy-dissipating plate 6 does not abut against the outer wall where the two sides of the isosceles trapezoidal extrusion frame 2 are located.

[0029] By changing the gap between the two energy-dissipating plates 6, the threshold Q can be adjusted to adapt to more complex geological conditions. For example, increasing the gap between the two energy-dissipating plates 6 increases the threshold Q, requiring greater ground stress to deform the pressure plate 3. Furthermore, changing the thickness of the pressure plate 3, thus altering its elastic modulus, can also change the threshold Q, adapting to different geological conditions.

[0030] Moreover, the radial clearance device 7 can be flexibly positioned to adapt to the soil-rock composite bottom layer.

[0031] This support structure also includes several longitudinal relief devices 8, the structure of which is exactly the same as that of the radial relief devices 7. The difference is that the end face of the compression frame 2 of the longitudinal relief device 8 is perpendicular to the X direction. The compression frame 2 of the longitudinal relief device 8 is simultaneously installed on multiple I-beams 1 via cable clips or U-shaped clips. Each longitudinal relief device 8 is positioned between two adjacent radial relief devices 7, that is, viewed from the perspective of an I-beam, the binding point of the longitudinal relief device 8 is located in the gap between two adjacent radial relief devices 7. The compression frame 2 of the longitudinal relief device 8 does not need to be adapted to the I-beam 1, so the compression frame of the longitudinal relief device 8 is only of the straight type, and there is no curved type.

[0032] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata, characterized in that, It includes multiple arched I-beams, each arranged side by side along the length of the tunnel; Each I-beam is equipped with multiple radial clearance devices; The radial clearance device includes: The extrusion frame is tubular in shape and its shape is adapted to the shape of the I-beam; the extrusion frame is installed on the I-beam, and one side surface of the extrusion frame abuts against the surface of the I-beam; The pressure plate is designed to undergo elastic deformation under stress; the pressure plate is designed to abut against the surface of the extrusion frame away from the I-beam. The pressure equalizing plate abuts against the side of the pressure plate away from the extrusion frame; the side of the pressure equalizing plate away from the pressure plate abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel. An energy-consuming plate is fixed on a pressure equalizing plate and is located on the side of the pressure equalizing plate facing the pressure plate; there are two energy-consuming plates; the energy-consuming plates can abut against the side wall of the extrusion frame by deforming the pressure plate; The support structure also includes multiple longitudinal clearance devices, which have the same structure as the radial clearance devices; the compression frame axis of the longitudinal clearance device is set along the length of the tunnel; the longitudinal clearance devices are installed on multiple I-beams simultaneously; the connection point between each longitudinal clearance device and the I-beam is located in the gap between two adjacent radial clearance devices on the same I-beam.

2. The elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end face of the extrusion frame is an isosceles trapezoid. The longer side of the two bases of the extrusion frame end face is the lower base, and the shorter side is the upper base. The midline of the isosceles trapezoid end face is line G, and the two energy-consuming plates are symmetrically arranged along line G.

3. The elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure plate includes a lower straight plate, a connecting plate, and an upper straight plate. Its end face is "Z" shaped. The lower straight plate abuts against the surface where the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located. The area of ​​the surface where the upper bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located is larger than the surface area of ​​the lower straight plate. The surface where the lower bottom edge of the extrusion frame is located abuts against the surface of the I-beam frame.

4. The elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates is greater than the length D2 of the bottom edge of the extrusion frame; the distance D3 between the two energy-consuming plates is less than the length D4 of the bottom edge of the extrusion frame.

5. The elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two protective plates are fixed to the side of the pressure equalizing plate facing the pressure plate. The two protective plates are symmetrically arranged along line G. The distance D1 between the two protective plates is greater than the distance D3 between the two energy dissipation plates. There is a gap between the protective plates and the energy dissipation plates.

6. The elastic yielding support structure suitable for deformation conditions in soil-rock composite strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compression frames of the radial and longitudinal clearance devices are installed on the I-beam frame via cable clips or U-shaped clips.

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