Iot gateway, data monitoring method and data monitoring system

Abstract

This application discloses an IoT gateway, a data monitoring method, and a data monitoring system, relating to the field of IoT technology. The IoT gateway includes a sensing module, a processing module, and a transmission module, with the processing module communicatively connected to both the sensing module and the transmission module. The sensing module acquires environmental signals from the monitored object and transmits these signals to the processing module. The processing module acquires environmental data from the monitored object based on the environmental signals and transmits this data to the transmission module. The transmission module transmits the environmental data to an IoT platform. Because the IoT gateway possesses sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities, it can achieve the entire process from acquiring environmental signals to transmitting environmental data to the IoT platform with a relatively small number and variety of devices. The equipment cost is low, it occupies little space, is easy to deploy and maintain, and troubleshooting is relatively simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and in particular to IoT gateways, data monitoring methods, and data monitoring systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of IoT technology, application scenarios of IoT technology, represented by smart cities, smart transportation, and smart grids, are constantly evolving and improving. In these application scenarios, sensors are used to perceive the physical world, and the sensors transmit the perceived data to IoT gateways, which then upload it to the IoT platform. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway, a data monitoring method, and a data monitoring system, which are used to acquire environmental signals through the IoT gateway and transmit the environmental data acquired from the environmental signals to an IoT platform.

[0004] In a first aspect, an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway is provided. The IoT gateway includes a sensing module, a processing module, and a transmission module. The processing module is communicatively connected to the sensing module and the transmission module, respectively. The sensing module is used to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored and transmit the environmental signals to the processing module. The processing module is used to acquire environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signals and transmit the environmental data to the transmission module. The transmission module is used to transmit the environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0005] The IoT gateway provided in this application has sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities, enabling it to achieve the process of acquiring environmental signals, obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and transmitting that data to an IoT platform with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on device costs and space, and the device is highly practical. Furthermore, the deployment and maintenance of the IoT gateway are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is easier.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to send a control signal to the sensing module, which instructs the sensing module to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored. By sending the control signal to the sensing module, the timing of the acquisition of environmental signals of the object to be monitored can be easily controlled.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data. By acquiring multiple types of environmental data, the monitoring of the object under test is more comprehensive, thus increasing the accuracy of determining whether the environment in which the object is located is abnormal based on the acquired environmental data.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule acquires a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data. The second sensing submodule acquires a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The third sensing submodule acquires a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal. The method of acquiring strain and temperature data in this application is relatively flexible. Furthermore, since the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal can be equal to the rate at which it acquires the first optical signal, compared to acquiring the first optical signal through the first sensing submodule and then acquiring temperature data based on the first optical signal, the method of acquiring the fourth optical signal through the third sensing submodule, which is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal, results in higher efficiency in acquiring temperature data.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to establish multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. If the first data transmission link fails, environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform via a second data transmission link, which is the one among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed. By using the second data transmission link, which is not faulty, in the event of a failure in the first data transmission link, the reliability of data transmission can be guaranteed.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT platform. Based on successful two-way authentication, environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform. Since successful two-way authentication means that the identities of both the IoT platform and the IoT gateway are highly reliable, the environmental data sent by the transmission module can be delivered to the IoT platform with high identity reliability. For the IoT platform, the received environmental data comes from the IoT gateway with high identity reliability, resulting in high reliability of the environmental data and high security of data transmission.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to encrypt environmental data before transmitting the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform. Encrypting the environmental data enhances the security of data transmission.

[0013] In one possible implementation, environmental data indicates an environmental anomaly in the monitored object. A transmission module is communicatively connected to an anomaly alarm module, which is located either inside or outside the IoT gateway. The transmission module also sends environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which then triggers an alarm. By sending environmental data, the anomaly alarm module can respond promptly and issue an alarm quickly.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule. The container processes environmental data by running a data processing program, and the transmission submodule transmits the processed environmental data to the IoT platform. Compared to performing data processing in hardware, processing environmental data by running a data processing program allows for flexible adaptation to various use cases of IoT gateways.

[0015] Secondly, a data monitoring method is provided, which is applied to any of the IoT gateways in the first aspect. The method includes: a sensing module acquiring environmental signals of the object to be monitored and transmitting the environmental signals to a processing module; the processing module acquiring environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signals and transmitting the environmental data to a transmission module; and the transmission module transmitting the environmental data to an IoT platform.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the sensing module acquires environmental signals of the object to be monitored, including: the sensing module receiving a control signal sent by the processing module, the control signal instructing the sensing module to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored; and the sensing module acquiring environmental signals of the object to be monitored based on the control signal.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The processing module acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on environmental signals, including: acquiring strain data and temperature data based on the first optical signal; and acquiring vibration data based on the second optical signal.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule acquires a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data. The second sensing submodule acquires a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The third sensing submodule acquires a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal. The processing module acquires environmental data of the monitored object based on environmental signals, including: acquiring vibration data based on the second optical signal; acquiring strain data based on the third optical signal; and acquiring temperature data based on the fourth optical signal.

[0020] In one possible implementation, before the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, the method further includes: establishing multiple data transmission links between the transmission module and the IoT platform; the transmission of environmental data from the transmission module to the IoT platform includes: if the first data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links fails, the transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform through a second data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links, where the second data transmission link is a data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed.

[0021] In one possible implementation, before the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, it further includes: the transmission module and the IoT platform performing two-way authentication; based on the successful two-way authentication, the transmission module performs the operation of transmitting environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, including: encrypting the environmental data and transmitting the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0023] In one possible implementation, environmental data indicates an environmental anomaly in which the monitored object is located. The transmission module is communicatively connected to the anomaly alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The method further includes: the transmission module sending environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which uses the environmental data to trigger an anomaly alarm.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule. The transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, including: the container processing the environmental data by running a data processing program; and the transmission submodule transmitting the processed environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0025] Thirdly, a data monitoring method is provided, which is applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The IoT platform is communicatively connected to any of the IoT gateways mentioned in the first aspect. The method includes: the IoT platform receiving environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by a transmission module.

[0026] In one possible implementation, before the IoT platform receives the environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the transmission module, it also includes: the IoT platform and the IoT gateway performing two-way authentication, and receiving the environmental data based on the successful two-way authentication.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the environmental data transmitted via the IoT gateway is encrypted environmental data. The IoT platform receives the environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the transmission module, including: the IoT platform decrypts the encrypted environmental data to obtain decrypted environmental data.

[0028] Fourthly, a data monitoring device is provided, which is applied to any of the IoT gateways in the first aspect, the device comprising:

[0029] The sensing module is used to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored and transmit the environmental signals to the processing module;

[0030] The processing module is used to acquire environmental data of the object to be monitored based on environmental signals and transmit the environmental data to the transmission module.

[0031] The transmission module is used to transmit environmental data to the Internet of Things (IoT) platform.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the processing module is also used to send a control signal to the sensing module, which instructs the sensing module to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule acquires a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data. The second sensing submodule acquires a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. A processing module is used to acquire strain data and temperature data based on the first optical signal, and to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule acquires a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data. The second sensing submodule acquires a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The third sensing submodule acquires a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal. A processing module is used to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal, strain data based on the third optical signal, and temperature data based on the fourth optical signal.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to establish multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. If the first data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links fails, environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform through the second data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links. The second data transmission link is the data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT platform, and based on the successful two-way authentication, transmit environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the transmission module is also used to encrypt environmental data and transmit the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0039] In one possible implementation, environmental data indicates an environmental anomaly in which the monitored object is located. The transmission module is communicatively connected to the anomaly alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The transmission module is also used to send environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which uses the environmental data to trigger an anomaly alarm.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule. The container is used to process environmental data by running a data processing program, and the transmission submodule is used to transmit the processed environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0041] Fifthly, a data monitoring device is provided, which is applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The IoT platform is communicatively connected to any of the IoT gateways in the first aspect. The device includes: a receiving module for receiving environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by a transmission module.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the receiving module is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT gateway, and receive environmental data based on successful two-way authentication.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the environmental data transmitted via the IoT gateway is encrypted environmental data, and the receiving module is used to decrypt the encrypted environmental data to obtain the decrypted environmental data.

[0044] In a sixth aspect, a data monitoring system is provided, which includes an Internet of Things (IoT) platform and any one of the IoT gateways mentioned in the first aspect. The IoT platform and the IoT gateway are communicatively connected, and the IoT platform is used to receive environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the IoT gateway.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the IoT platform is used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT gateway, and based on successful two-way authentication, it receives environmental data.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the environmental data transmitted via the IoT gateway is encrypted, and the IoT platform is used to decrypt the encrypted environmental data to obtain the decrypted environmental data.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the data monitoring system also includes an anomaly alarm module. The anomaly alarm module is communicatively connected to the transmission module included in the IoT gateway. The anomaly alarm module is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. Environmental data indicates that the environment in which the monitored object is located is abnormal. The anomaly alarm module is used to receive environmental data transmitted by the transmission module and to issue an anomaly alarm based on the environmental data.

[0048] In a seventh aspect, a network device is provided, the network device including a processor coupled to a memory; the memory stores at least one instruction, the at least one instruction being loaded and executed by the processor to enable the network device to implement any of the data monitoring methods in the second or third aspect described above.

[0049] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, comprising: a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The transceiver, memory, and processor communicate with each other via an internal connection path. The memory stores instructions, and the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive and transmit signals. Furthermore, when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, it causes the processor to perform any one of the methods of the second or third aspect.

[0050] Optionally, there may be one or more processors and one or more memories.

[0051] Alternatively, the memory can be integrated with the processor, or the memory can be set up separately from the processor.

[0052] In the specific implementation process, the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated with the processor on the same chip or set on different chips. This application does not limit the type of memory or the way the memory and processor are set.

[0053] In a ninth aspect, a chip is provided, including a processor for retrieving and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a network device on which the chip is mounted to perform the methods of the foregoing aspects.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the chip further includes an input interface, an output interface, and a memory, which are interconnected via internal connection paths.

[0055] In a tenth aspect, a computer program (product) is provided, comprising: computer program code, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in the foregoing aspects.

[0056] In an eleventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores a program or instructions, wherein when the program or instructions are run on a computer, the methods described in the preceding aspects are performed.

[0057] It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the second to eleventh aspects of this application and the corresponding possible implementations can be referred to the above-described technical effects of the first aspect and its corresponding possible implementations, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another IoT gateway provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another IoT gateway provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0061] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another IoT gateway provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a data monitoring method provided in this application embodiment;

[0063] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another data monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 8 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another network device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The terminology used in the embodiments section of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] With the rapid development of information technology, various application scenarios, such as smart cities, smart transportation, and smart grids, have experienced rapid growth by leveraging the information highway. These applications require communication devices and terminals to have the ability to sense the physical world and mirror it onto the digital world. If a sensing and monitoring device is used to collect environmental signals, transmit these signals to an algorithm server to convert them into environmental data, and then transmit the environmental data to an IoT platform via an access switch, the required types and numbers of devices are considerable. This large number and variety of devices also leads to high equipment costs, large equipment footprints, numerous connected nodes, and increased difficulty in troubleshooting.

[0069] This application provides an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway with sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities. This allows for the acquisition of environmental signals, the processing of environmental data based on those signals, and the transmission of the environmental data to the IoT platform with a smaller number and variety of devices. This saves on device costs and space, and reduces the difficulty of troubleshooting. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an IoT gateway provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1As shown, the IoT gateway includes a sensing module 101, a processing module 102, and a transmission module 103. The processing module 102 is communicatively connected to both the sensing module 101 and the transmission module 103. The sensing module 101 acquires environmental signals from the object to be monitored and transmits these signals to the processing module 102. The processing module 102 acquires environmental data from the object to be monitored based on the environmental signals and transmits this data to the transmission module 103. The transmission module 103 transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform. This embodiment does not limit the type of object to be monitored. For example, the object to be monitored can be a pipe gallery in an underground pipe gallery application scenario, a pipe in a sewage pipeline application scenario, a cable in a submarine cable application scenario, and so on. Furthermore, the IoT gateway may also include other modules, for example, see [link to documentation]. Figure 2 The IoT gateway also includes a power module 104, which is used to power the various modules in the IoT gateway.

[0070] For example, the processing module 102 is further configured to send a control signal to the sensing module 101, the control signal being used to instruct the sensing module 101 to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored. For instance, the processing module 102 includes a main control board, which is configured to send a modulated electrical pulse to the sensing module 101, the modulated electrical pulse including a rising edge and a falling edge. The main control board is also configured to transmit control instructions to the sensing module 101, the control instructions being used to control the sensing module 101 to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored when at least one of the rising edge or falling edge of the modulated electrical pulse is reached.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data. Therefore, the IoT gateway provided in this application embodiment can be applied to application scenarios requiring the acquisition of multiple environmental data. Examples include underground utility tunnels, gas pipelines, sewage pipelines, subway tunnels, long-distance oil and gas pipelines, submarine cables, optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW), and various perimeter protection applications. These application scenarios involve long monitoring distances, require continuous monitoring, and necessitate the monitoring of multiple environmental data. Taking underground utility tunnels as an example, if large machinery is operating around the tunnel, the resulting vibrations can easily cause tunnel vibration, leading to structural instability. Therefore, vibration monitoring is necessary. Furthermore, during long-term operation, the joints of multiple tunnel sections in an underground utility tunnel are prone to relative displacement in the horizontal and vertical directions due to strain, causing structural changes. Therefore, strain monitoring is required. Additionally, since underground utility tunnels are enclosed spaces, a fire can easily create a chimney effect, making firefighting difficult. Therefore, temperature monitoring is necessary. By monitoring various environmental data, the safe operation of underground utility tunnels can be ensured.

[0072] In this embodiment, the sensing module 101 may include multiple sensing sub-modules, each acquiring environmental data. The types of environmental data acquired by each sensing sub-module are different. For example, ... Figure 3 As shown, the sensing module 101 includes a first sensing submodule 1011 and a second sensing submodule 1012. The first sensing submodule 1011 is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data. The second sensing submodule 1012 is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. Exemplarily, the strain data includes the strain change in each region of the object to be monitored, and the temperature data includes the temperature change in each region of the object to be monitored. This embodiment does not limit the division of the monitored object into regions. The vibration data may include the location and amplitude of vibration of the monitored object when it is subjected to external disturbances.

[0073] The first sensing submodule 1011 can be implemented based on the principle of stimulated Brillouin scattering. For example, the first sensing submodule 1011 is a Brillouin optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA), which includes an optical fiber that can be installed on the object to be monitored. In this case, the first optical signal is the Brillouin scattered light signal in the optical fiber. Since the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light signal is linearly related to the strain and temperature changes in the optical fiber, when at least one of the strain or temperature at a certain location of the object to be monitored changes, at least one of the strain or temperature at the corresponding location in the optical fiber will also change, thus changing the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light signal in the optical fiber. Based on the change in the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light signal, the strain and temperature changes of the object to be monitored can be obtained, thereby acquiring strain and temperature data.

[0074] The second sensing submodule 1012 can be implemented based on the Rayleigh scattering principle. For example, the second sensing submodule 1012 is a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) based on the Rayleigh scattering principle. The Φ-OTDR includes an optical fiber, which can be installed on the object to be monitored. The optical fiber in the Φ-OTDR can be the same as or different from the optical fiber in the BOTDA. In this case, the second optical signal is the Rayleigh scattering light signal in the optical fiber. Since the Rayleigh scattering light signal at each position in the optical fiber is relatively stable when the object to be monitored is not vibrating, when the object to be monitored is disturbed by external factors causing vibration at a certain point, the Rayleigh scattering light signal at each position will change accordingly. Thus, the location and amplitude of the vibration can be determined by the change in the Rayleigh scattering light signal before and after the vibration, thereby acquiring vibration data. In this embodiment, the relatively stable Rayleigh scattering light signal can mean that the change in the Rayleigh scattering light signal is less than a first threshold. The first threshold can be set based on experience or actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0075] Because BOTDA requires acquiring the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light signal at various locations in the optical fiber, and the acquisition rate of the Brillouin scattered light signal in BOTDA is relatively low, the processing module 102's rate of acquiring temperature data based on the change in the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light signal is also low. In situations such as fires in the environment where the monitored object is located, the temperature of the monitored object changes rapidly, and the processing module 102's efficiency in acquiring temperature data based on the Brillouin scattered light signal is low, which is not conducive to timely alarm. In this case, the sensing module 101 can include a third sensing submodule with a higher optical signal acquisition rate. The optical signal acquired by the third sensing submodule can also be used to acquire temperature data, thereby increasing the processing module's rate of acquiring temperature data by improving the optical signal acquisition rate.

[0076] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the sensing module 101 includes a first sensing submodule 1011, a second sensing submodule 1012, and a third sensing submodule 1013. The first sensing submodule 1012 is used to acquire a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data. The second sensing submodule 1012 is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The third sensing submodule 1013 is used to acquire a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule 1013 acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule 1011 acquires the third optical signal. Since the rate at which the first sensing submodule 1011 acquires the third optical signal can be equal to the rate at which it acquires the first optical signal, compared to the method of acquiring the first optical signal through the first sensing submodule 1011 and then acquiring temperature data based on the first optical signal, the method of acquiring the fourth optical signal through the third sensing submodule 1013 and then acquiring temperature data based on the fourth optical signal is more efficient because the rate at which the third sensing submodule 1013 acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule 1011 acquires the third optical signal. In this embodiment, the first sensing submodule 1011 can be a BOTDA, the second sensing submodule 1012 can be a Φ-OTDR, and the third sensing submodule 1013 can be implemented based on the principle of Raman scattering.

[0077] For example, the third sensing submodule 1013 is a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system based on the Raman scattering principle. The DTS system includes optical fibers, which can be installed on the object to be monitored. The optical fibers in the DTS system can be the same as or different from those in a BOTDA or Φ-OTDR. In this case, the fourth optical signal is the Raman scattering signal in the optical fiber. Since the intensity of the Raman scattering signal in the optical fiber is related to the temperature of the fiber, the temperature at each location in the fiber can be obtained by acquiring the intensity of the Raman scattering signal at each location, thus obtaining the temperature data of the object to be monitored. The DTS system acquires the Raman scattering signal intensity at a high rate, resulting in a high rate at which the processing module 102 acquires the temperature data.

[0078] Since the first sensing submodule 1011, the second sensing submodule 1012, and the third sensing submodule 1013 can all be implemented based on optical fiber, and optical fiber has the characteristics of material safety, resistance to electromagnetic interference, high insulation strength, corrosion resistance, long measurement distance, high measurement sensitivity, high measurement accuracy, easy installation, and the ability to sense the external environment and transmit optical signals, the first sensing submodule 1011, the second sensing submodule 1012, and the third sensing submodule 1013 have high monitoring accuracy, long monitoring distance, and high monitoring sensitivity for the monitored object, and are easy to install and maintain.

[0079] After acquiring the environmental signal, the processing module 102 can obtain environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signal. For example, the processing module 102 calculates the strain and temperature changes at various locations of the optical fiber based on the acquired first optical signal, and calculates the location and amplitude of vibration of the object to be monitored based on the second optical signal. This application does not limit the method of calculating the strain and temperature changes based on the first optical signal, or the method of calculating the location and amplitude of vibration of the object to be monitored based on the second optical signal. Reference can be made to the BOTDA method for acquiring strain and temperature changes based on Brillouin scattering light signals, and the Φ-OTDR method for acquiring the location and amplitude of vibration of the object to be monitored based on Rayleigh scattering light signals.

[0080] In this embodiment of the application, the processing module 102 may also include multiple sub-modules. For example, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the processing module 102 includes a main control board 1021, a data acquisition card 1022, and a motherboard 1023. The main control board 1021 sends modulation pulses and control commands to the sensing module 101. The control commands instruct the sensing module 101 to acquire environmental signals of the monitored object upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse. The main control board 1021 also transmits a synchronization clock to the data acquisition card 1022, thereby enabling the data acquisition card 1022 to acquire environmental signals transmitted from the sensing module 101 based on the synchronization clock. The data acquisition card 1022 also transmits the acquired environmental signals to the motherboard 1023, which acquires environmental data based on the environmental signals and transmits the environmental data to the transmission module 103. Exemplarily, the motherboard 1023 also stores the acquired environmental data and / or displays the acquired environmental data.

[0081] This application does not limit the manner in which the main control board 1021 transmits control commands to the sensor module 101, the acquisition card 1022 transmits environmental signals to the motherboard 1023, or the motherboard 1023 transmits environmental data to the transmission module. For example, the main control board 1021 transmits control commands to the sensor module 101 through the serial interface of the motherboard 1023, the acquisition card 1022 transmits environmental signals to the motherboard 1023 through the high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard (peripheral component interconnect express, PCIE) interface, and the motherboard 1023 transmits environmental data to the transmission module 103 through the network interface.

[0082] For example, in Figure 3 In the illustrated IoT gateway, the main control board 1021 transmits modulation pulses and control commands to the first sensing submodule 1011 and the second sensing submodule 1012. The control commands instruct the first sensing submodule 1011 to acquire a first optical signal upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse, and also instruct the second sensing submodule 1012 to acquire a second optical signal upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse. The main control board 1021 also transmits a synchronization clock to the acquisition card 1022, thereby enabling the acquisition card 1022 to acquire the first optical signal transmitted by the first sensing submodule 1011 and the second optical signal transmitted by the second sensing submodule 1012 based on the synchronization clock.

[0083] In this embodiment, the synchronization clock can be an electrical pulse. Both the first sensing submodule 1011 and the second sensing submodule 1012 can perform photoelectric conversion, that is, convert the optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber into an electrical signal, and transmit the first optical signal and the second optical signal to the acquisition card 1022 in the form of an electrical signal. Furthermore, the first optical signal and the second optical signal can be transmitted through two separate channels. For example, the first optical signal is transmitted to the acquisition card through channel 1, and the second optical signal is transmitted to the acquisition card 1022 through channel 2. This embodiment does not limit the transmission bandwidth of the first optical signal and the second optical signal. For example, the transmission bandwidth of the first optical signal is 1.6 megabits per second (Mbps), which corresponds to the transmission of 50,000 data points per second, each data point including 32 bits, with one data point corresponding to one position in the optical fiber. The transmission bandwidth of the second optical signal is 64 Mbps, which corresponds to the transmission of 200,000 data points per second, each data point including 32 bits, with every 40 data points corresponding to one position in the optical fiber.

[0084] Please continue reading Figure 3 After the acquisition card 1022 transmits the acquired first and second optical signals to the motherboard 1023, the motherboard 1023 acquires strain and temperature data based on the first optical signal and vibration data based on the second optical signal. The motherboard 1023 then transmits the strain, temperature, and vibration data to the transmission module 103. The transmitted strain data can be represented as a strain curve, and the transmitted temperature data can be represented as a temperature curve. For example, the motherboard 1023 includes a central processing unit (CPU). One thread of the CPU is used to acquire strain and temperature data based on the first optical signal, and another thread of the CPU is used to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal. The motherboard 1023 can also send feedback information to the main control board 1021, indicating that the motherboard 1023 has acquired environmental data.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the strain data, temperature data, and vibration data transmitted by the motherboard 1023 to the transmission module 103 are filtered data. For example, the motherboard 1023 filters the obtained strain data, temperature data, and vibration data based on certain thresholds. When the strain data exceeds a set strain threshold, the strain data is considered abnormal strain data and is transmitted to the transmission module 103. Similarly, when the temperature data exceeds a temperature threshold, the temperature data is considered abnormal temperature data and is transmitted to the transmission module 103. When the vibration data exceeds a vibration threshold, the vibration data is considered abnormal vibration data and is transmitted to the transmission module 103. This reduces the amount of data transmitted by the motherboard 1023 to the transmission module 103. Vibration data exceeding the vibration threshold includes, but is not limited to, the number of vibration locations exceeding a second threshold and the vibration amplitude exceeding a third threshold. The second and third thresholds can be set based on experience or actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit them. The motherboard 1023 can also be used to transmit heartbeat packets with the IoT platform through the transmission module 103. The heartbeat packets are used to maintain the communication connection between the IoT gateway and the IoT platform. This application embodiment does not limit the transmission bandwidth between the motherboard 1023 and the transmission module 103; the transmission bandwidth can be 0.27Mbps.

[0086] For example, in Figure 4 In the illustrated IoT gateway, the main control board 1021 transmits modulation pulses and control commands to the first sensing submodule 1011, the second sensing submodule 1012, and the third sensing submodule 1013. The control commands instruct the first sensing submodule 1011 to acquire a third optical signal upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse. The control commands also instruct the second sensing submodule 1012 to acquire a second optical signal upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse. Furthermore, the control commands instruct the third sensing submodule 1013 to acquire a fourth optical signal upon reaching at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation pulse. The main control board 1021 also transmits a synchronization clock to the acquisition card 1022, thereby enabling the acquisition card 1022 to acquire the third optical signal transmitted by the first sensing submodule 1011, the second optical signal transmitted by the second sensing submodule 1012, and the fourth optical signal transmitted by the third sensing submodule 1013 based on the synchronization clock.

[0087] Similar to the first sensing submodule 1011 and the second sensing submodule 1012, the third sensing submodule 1013 can also perform photoelectric conversion, that is, convert the optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber into an electrical signal, and transmit the fourth optical signal to the acquisition card in the form of an electrical signal. Furthermore, the second, third, and fourth optical signals can be transmitted through three separate channels. For example, the third optical signal is transmitted to the acquisition card through channel 1, the second optical signal through channel 2, and the fourth optical signal through channel 3. This embodiment does not limit the transmission bandwidth of the second, third, and fourth optical signals.

[0088] Please continue reading Figure 4 After the acquisition card 1022 transmits the acquired second to fourth optical signals to the motherboard 1023, the motherboard 1023 acquires vibration data based on the second optical signal, strain data based on the third optical signal, and temperature data based on the fourth optical signal. The motherboard 1023 then transmits the vibration data, strain data, and temperature data to the transmission module 103. For example, the motherboard 1023 includes a CPU. One thread of the CPU is used to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal, another thread is used to acquire strain data based on the third optical signal, and yet another thread is used to acquire temperature data based on the fourth optical signal. Figure 4 The content related to the transmission of environmental data from the motherboard 1023 to the transmission module 103 is the same as described above. Figure 3 The principles behind the related content are the same, so they will not be repeated here.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 103 can be an access router (AR) gateway. The transmission module 103 can also be used to establish multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. If the first data transmission link fails, environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform via a second data transmission link, which is the data transmission link that has not failed. This application does not limit the method by which the transmission module 103 establishes multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. Data transmission links include, but are not limited to, wired Ethernet links, communication links in long-term evolution (LTE) networks, and communication links in various generations of mobile communication networks. Mobile communication networks include, but are not limited to, 3G, 4G, 5G, and other mobile communication networks that may emerge in the future. By using the second data transmission link, which has not failed, for data transmission in the event of a failure in the first data transmission link, the reliability of data transmission can be guaranteed.

[0090] In this embodiment, the transmission module 103 can transmit environmental data through multiple data transmission links. That is, the transmission module 103 can transmit multiple sets of environmental data to the IoT platform, with each set of environmental data transmitted through a single data transmission link. Therefore, even if one of the multiple data transmission links fails, the transmission module 103 can still transmit the environmental data through other data transmission links, avoiding data transmission interruption and ensuring data transmission reliability. Alternatively, the transmission module 103 can also transmit environmental data through a single, functioning data transmission link. If this link fails, it can switch to another functioning data transmission link to continue transmitting the environmental data, reducing the amount of data transmitted while ensuring reliable transmission of the environmental data.

[0091] For example, the transmission module 103 is also configured to send probe information through multiple data transmission links in a polling manner. The probe information is used to detect the link quality of each data transmission link. For instance, after the IoT platform receives probe information through a certain data transmission link, it returns response information to the transmission module 103 through that data transmission link. The transmission module 103 obtains the link quality of this data transmission link based on the time from sending the probe information to receiving the response information. The longer the time, the lower the link quality; the shorter the time, the higher the link quality. When none of the multiple data transmission links are fault-free, environmental data can be transmitted through a reference number of data transmission links with higher link quality among the fault-free data transmission links. The reference number can be set based on experience or actual needs. Of course, environmental data can also be transmitted through each fault-free data transmission link. Furthermore, this application embodiment does not limit the types of probe information and response information.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 103 is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT platform. Based on successful two-way authentication, environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform. For example, the transmission module 103 sends the IoT gateway's identity information to the IoT platform, allowing the IoT gateway to authenticate itself. The transmission module 103 can also receive the IoT platform's identity information and authenticate itself based on that information. Two-way authentication is successful when both the IoT platform and the transmission module 103 successfully authenticate the IoT platform. This application does not limit the methods of sending identity information or authentication. Since successful two-way authentication indicates high reliability of both the IoT platform and the IoT gateway, the environmental data sent by the transmission module can be delivered to the IoT platform with high identity reliability. Similarly, the environmental data received by the IoT platform comes from the IoT gateway with high identity reliability, resulting in high reliability of the environmental data and high security of data transmission.

[0093] The transmission module 103 can also be used to encrypt environmental data and transmit the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform, thereby improving the security of data transmission. The method of encrypting environmental data is not limited in this embodiment. Furthermore, environmental data can indicate an environmental anomaly in the environment of the monitored object, such as when strain data exceeds a strain threshold, vibration data exceeds a vibration threshold, or temperature data exceeds a temperature threshold—indicating an environmental anomaly. Therefore, the transmission module 103 can communicate with an anomaly alarm module located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The transmission module 103 is also used to send environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which is used to trigger an anomaly alarm. The anomaly alarm module includes, but is not limited to, at least one of an alarm, fire-fighting equipment, or camera. By sending environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, the module can respond promptly and issue an alarm quickly. In this case, since the IoT platform does not need to send an alarm command to the anomaly alarm module based on environmental data indicating an environmental anomaly in the monitored object, even if the communication connection between the IoT gateway and the IoT platform is interrupted, the anomaly alarm module can still respond to the environmental data, resulting in high reliability of the alarm.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 103 includes a container and a transmission submodule. The container is used to process environmental data by running a data processing program, and the transmission submodule is used to transmit the processed environmental data to the IoT platform. For example, processing the environmental data includes modeling the environmental data, thereby transmitting the modeled environmental data to the IoT platform. Compared to performing data processing in hardware, processing environmental data by running a data processing program allows for flexible adaptation to various use cases of IoT gateways.

[0095] The IoT gateway provided in this application embodiment has sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities. This enables the process of acquiring environmental signals, obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and transmitting that data to the IoT platform with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on equipment costs and space, making the device highly practical. Furthermore, the deployment and maintenance of the IoT gateway are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is easier.

[0096] Furthermore, since the IoT gateway provided in this application embodiment can acquire various environmental data, the monitoring of the monitored object is more comprehensive and the monitoring effectiveness is higher. In addition, the IoT gateway can adopt a fully enclosed design; for example, the IoT gateway's intrusion protection grade (IP) is IP54, which means it is dustproof to level 5 and waterproof to level 4. Therefore, the IoT gateway has high engineering adaptability.

[0097] This application embodiment also provides a data monitoring method, which is applied to the IoT gateway shown in the above embodiments, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the method includes, but is not limited to, S501 to S503.

[0098] S501, the sensing module acquires the environmental signal of the object to be monitored and transmits the environmental signal to the processing module.

[0099] For example, the sensing module receives a control signal sent by the processing module. The control signal instructs the sensing module to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored. The sensing module acquires the environmental signal of the object to be monitored based on the control signal. The process by which the sensing module acquires the environmental signal of the object to be monitored is the same as described above. Figure 1 The principle behind how the sensing module 101 acquires environmental signals of the object to be monitored is the same in the illustrated embodiment. For example, the sensing module receives modulated electrical pulses and control commands sent by the processing module, and acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the control commands at least when at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulated electrical pulse is reached.

[0100] In the case where the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule, the first sensing submodule can acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data, and transmits the first optical signal to the processing module. The second sensing submodule can acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data, and transmits the second optical signal to the processing module.

[0101] In a sensing submodule comprising a first, second, and third sensing submodule, the first sensing submodule acquires a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data, and transmits the third optical signal to the processing module. The second sensing submodule acquires a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data, and transmits the second optical signal to the processing module. The third sensing submodule acquires a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data, and transmits the fourth optical signal to the processing module. The content of the optical signals acquired by the first, second, and third sensing submodules is the same as described above. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the first sensing submodule 1011, the second sensing submodule 1012, and the third sensing submodule 1013 acquire optical signals in the same way, and will not be described again here.

[0102] S502, the processing module acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on environmental signals and transmits the environmental data to the transmission module.

[0103] Depending on the acquired environmental signals, the environmental data includes, but is not limited to, at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data. For example, in the case where the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule, the processing module acquires environmental data of the monitored object based on the environmental signals, including: acquiring strain and temperature data based on a first optical signal, and acquiring vibration data based on a second optical signal. As another example, in the case where the sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule, the processing module acquires environmental data of the monitored object based on the environmental signals, including: acquiring vibration data based on a second optical signal, acquiring strain data based on a third optical signal, and acquiring temperature data based on a fourth optical signal. The content of acquiring strain data, vibration data, and temperature data described above is consistent with... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The relevant content in the illustrated embodiments follows the same principle and will not be repeated here.

[0104] S503, the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0105] The way the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform and Figure 1The principles behind the illustrated embodiments are the same. For example, the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform via a data transmission link. In other words, in one possible implementation, before the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, the method further includes establishing a data transmission link between the transmission module and the IoT platform. This application does not limit the method by which the transmission module establishes a data transmission link with the IoT platform. The number of established data transmission links can be one or more. When multiple data transmission links are established, the transmission module's transmission of environmental data to the IoT platform may include: if the first data transmission link fails, the transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform via a second data transmission link, where the second data transmission link is the one that has not failed. By using the second data transmission link, which has not failed, in the event of a failure in the first data transmission link, the reliability of the data transmission can be guaranteed.

[0106] For example, before the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, the method further includes: the transmission module and the IoT platform performing two-way authentication; based on successful two-way authentication, the transmission module performs the operation of transmitting environmental data to the IoT platform. The process of the transmission module performing two-way authentication with the IoT platform is similar to... Figure 1 The principle behind the two-way authentication between the transmission module 103 and the IoT platform in the illustrated embodiment is the same and will not be repeated here. Two-way authentication with the IoT platform ensures the reliability of both the IoT gateway and the IoT platform, thereby guaranteeing the security of environmental data.

[0107] Furthermore, the transmission module can encrypt environmental data before transmitting the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform, thereby improving the security of data transmission. This application does not limit the method by which the transmission module encrypts environmental data.

[0108] Since environmental data can indicate environmental anomalies in the monitored object, in one possible implementation, the transmission module is communicatively connected to the anomaly alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The method further includes: the transmission module sending environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which uses the environmental data to trigger an anomaly alarm. The anomaly alarm module includes, but is not limited to, at least one of an alarm, fire-fighting equipment, or camera. By sending environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, the module can respond promptly and issue an alarm quickly. This application does not limit the manner in which the transmission module sends environmental data to the anomaly alarm module.

[0109] For example, if the transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule, then the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform, including: the container processing the environmental data by running a data processing program; and the transmission submodule transmitting the processed environmental data to the IoT platform. Figure 1 The principles behind the related content in the illustrated embodiments are the same; data processing can involve modeling environmental data. Compared to performing data processing in hardware, processing environmental data by running a data processing program allows for flexible adaptation to various application scenarios of IoT gateways.

[0110] Because the IoT gateway in this method possesses sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities, it can achieve the process of acquiring environmental signals, obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and transmitting that data to the IoT platform with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on equipment costs and space, making the equipment highly practical. Furthermore, the deployment and maintenance of the IoT gateway are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is easier. Moreover, this method can acquire various types of environmental data, providing comprehensive monitoring of the monitored objects and ensuring high monitoring effectiveness.

[0111] The above describes the data monitoring method provided in this application embodiment from the perspective of the Internet of Things (IoT) gateway. Next, taking the IoT platform side as an example, the data monitoring method will be described. The IoT platform is connected to the IoT gateway in the above embodiment. The method includes, but is not limited to, S504.

[0112] S504, the IoT platform receives environmental data of the object to be monitored from the transmission module.

[0113] This application does not limit the method by which the IoT platform receives environmental data transmitted by the transmission module; it can correspond to the method by which the transmission module transmits environmental data to the IoT platform. For example, before the IoT platform receives environmental data of the monitored object transmitted by the transmission module, the method further includes: the IoT platform and the IoT gateway performing two-way authentication; and receiving the environmental data based on successful two-way authentication. This two-way authentication process is similar to... Figure 1 The principles of two-way authentication are the same in the illustrated embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] Furthermore, when the environmental data transmitted by the IoT gateway is encrypted, the IoT platform receiving the environmental data of the monitored object transmitted by the transmission module may include: the IoT platform decrypting the encrypted environmental data to obtain decrypted environmental data. This application does not limit the decryption method; the decryption method can correspond to the method by which the IoT gateway encrypts the environmental data.

[0115] The IoT platform can also communicate with the anomaly alarm module. When environmental data indicates an abnormal environment for the monitored object, the IoT platform sends an alarm command to the anomaly alarm module based on the environmental data. The alarm command instructs the anomaly alarm module to activate the alarm. Since IoT platforms are typically server-based, they can send alarm commands quickly based on environmental data, resulting in a rapid activation of the alarm by the anomaly alarm module.

[0116] Because the IoT gateway in this method possesses sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities, it can achieve the process of acquiring environmental signals, obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and transmitting that data to the IoT platform with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on equipment costs and space, making the equipment highly practical. Furthermore, the deployment and maintenance of the IoT gateway are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is easier. Moreover, this method can acquire various types of environmental data, providing comprehensive monitoring of the monitored objects and ensuring high monitoring effectiveness. Consequently, when the IoT platform makes business decisions based on this environmental data, the resulting decisions are more accurate.

[0117] The data monitoring method of this application embodiment has been described above. Corresponding to the above method, this application embodiment also provides a data monitoring device. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application. Based on Figure 6 The following modules are shown. Figure 6 The data monitoring device shown is capable of performing the above. Figure 5 The illustrated IoT gateway performs all or part of the operations. It should be understood that the device may include more additional modules than those shown, or may omit some of the modules shown; this application embodiment does not impose limitations in this regard. Figure 6 As shown, this device is applied to Figure 1 The IoT gateway shown includes:

[0118] Sensing module 601 is used to acquire environmental signals of the object to be monitored and transmit the environmental signals to processing module 602;

[0119] Processing module 602 is used to acquire environmental data of the object to be monitored based on environmental signals and transmit the environmental data to transmission module 603;

[0120] The transmission module 603 is used to transmit environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

[0121] In one possible implementation, the sensing module 601 is used to receive a control signal sent by the processing module 602. The control signal is used to instruct the sensing module 601 to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored, and to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored based on the control signal.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the sensing module 601 includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data and temperature data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The processing module 602 is used to acquire strain data and temperature data based on the first optical signal and to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal.

[0124] In one possible implementation, the sensing module 601 includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a third optical signal, which is used to acquire strain data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire vibration data. The third sensing submodule is used to acquire a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal. The processing module 602 is used to acquire vibration data based on the second optical signal, acquire strain data based on the third optical signal, and acquire temperature data based on the fourth optical signal.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 603 is further configured to establish multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. In this case, the transmission module 603 is configured to transmit environmental data to the IoT platform via a second data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links, provided that the first data transmission link fails. The second data transmission link is a data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 603 is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT platform. Based on the successful two-way authentication, the transmission module 603 performs the operation of transmitting environmental data to the IoT platform.

[0127] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 603 is used to encrypt the environmental data and transmit the encrypted environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

[0128] In one possible implementation, environmental data indicates an environmental anomaly in which the monitored object is located. The transmission module 603 is communicatively connected to the anomaly alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The transmission module 603 is also used to send environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, which uses the environmental data to trigger an anomaly alarm.

[0129] In one possible implementation, the transmission module 603 includes a container and a transmission submodule. The container is used to process environmental data by running a data processing program; the transmission submodule transmits the processed environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

[0130] Because this device possesses sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities, it can accomplish the entire process—from acquiring environmental signals to obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and then transmitting that data to an IoT platform—with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on equipment costs and space, making the device highly practical. Furthermore, its deployment and maintenance are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is relatively easy. Moreover, the device can acquire diverse environmental data, providing comprehensive monitoring of the monitored objects and ensuring high monitoring effectiveness.

[0131] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application. Based on Figure 7 The following modules are shown. Figure 7 The data monitoring device shown is capable of performing the above. Figure 5 The illustrated IoT platform performs all or part of the operations. It should be understood that the device may include more additional modules than those shown, or may omit some of the modules shown; this application embodiment does not impose limitations in this regard. Figure 7 As shown, this device is applied to Figure 5 The IoT platform shown, the device with Figure 1 The IoT gateway communication connection shown includes:

[0132] The receiving module 701 is used to receive environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the transmission module.

[0133] In one possible implementation, the receiving module 701 is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT gateway. Based on the successful two-way authentication, the receiving module 701 receives environmental data.

[0134] In one possible implementation, the environmental data transmitted via the IoT gateway is encrypted environmental data, and the receiving module 701 is used to decrypt the encrypted environmental data to obtain the decrypted environmental data.

[0135] because Figure 1The illustrated IoT gateway possesses sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities. It can achieve the entire process—from acquiring environmental signals to obtaining environmental data based on those signals, and then transmitting that data to the IoT platform—with a relatively small number and variety of devices. This saves on equipment costs and space, making the device highly practical. Furthermore, the deployment and maintenance of the IoT gateway are relatively simple, and troubleshooting is relatively easy. Moreover, the IoT gateway can acquire various types of environmental data, providing comprehensive and effective monitoring of the monitored objects. Consequently, when the device makes decisions based on environmental data, the resulting decisions are more accurate.

[0136] It should be understood that the above Figure 6-7 The illustrated device is only used as an example to illustrate the division of the above-described functional modules when implementing its functions. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the device and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and their specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0137] This application also provides a data monitoring system, which includes an Internet of Things (IoT) platform and any of the IoT gateways described in the above embodiments. The IoT platform and the IoT gateway are communicatively connected, and the IoT platform is used to receive environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the IoT gateway.

[0138] In one possible implementation, the IoT platform is used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT gateway, and based on successful two-way authentication, it receives environmental data.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the environmental data transmitted via the IoT gateway is encrypted, and the IoT platform is used to decrypt the encrypted environmental data to obtain the decrypted environmental data.

[0140] In one possible implementation, the data monitoring system also includes an anomaly alarm module. The anomaly alarm module is communicatively connected to the transmission module included in the IoT gateway. The anomaly alarm module is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. Environmental data indicates that the environment in which the monitored object is located is abnormal. The anomaly alarm module is used to receive environmental data transmitted by the transmission module and to issue an anomaly alarm based on the environmental data.

[0141] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a network device 800 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 8 The network device 800 shown is configured with the above-mentioned Figure 1 The IoT gateway shown or Figure 5The IoT platform shown allows the network device 800 to perform the above-described tasks. Figure 5 The data monitoring method shown involves operations related to the IoT gateway or IoT platform. The network device 800 is, for example, a switch or router, and can be implemented using a general bus architecture.

[0142] like Figure 8 As shown, the network device 800 includes at least one processor 801, a memory 803, and at least one communication interface 804.

[0143] Processor 801 may be, for example, a CPU, a digital signal processor (DSP), a network processor (NP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural-network processing unit (NPU), a data processing unit (DPU), a microprocessor, or one or more integrated circuits for implementing the solutions of this application. For example, processor 801 includes an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A PLD may be, for example, a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments of this application. A processor may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0144] Optionally, network device 800 also includes a bus. The bus is used to transmit information between the various components of network device 800. The bus can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 8 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0145] Memory 803 may be, for example, ROM or other types of static storage devices capable of storing static information and instructions; random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices capable of storing information and instructions; electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM); compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.); magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices; or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. Memory 803 may exist independently and be connected to processor 801 via a bus. Memory 803 may also be integrated with processor 801.

[0146] The communication interface 804 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), or wireless local area networks (WLAN). The communication interface 804 can include wired and wireless communication interfaces. Specifically, the communication interface 804 can be an Ethernet interface, a Fast Ethernet (FE) interface, a Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) interface, a WLAN interface, a cellular network communication interface, or a combination thereof. The Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface, or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, the communication interface 804 can be used by the network device 800 to communicate with other devices.

[0147] In a specific implementation, as one example, the processor 801 may include one or more CPUs, such as... Figure 8 The CPU0 and CPU1 shown are examples of processors. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. A processor here can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0148] In a specific implementation, as one example, the network device 800 may include multiple processors, such as... Figure 8 The processors 801 and 805 are shown. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. Here, "processor" can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (such as computer program instructions).

[0149] In a specific implementation, as one example, the network device 800 may further include output devices and input devices. The output device communicates with the processor 801 and can display information in various ways. For example, the output device may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector, etc. The input device communicates with the processor 801 and can receive user input in various ways. For example, the input device may be a mouse, keyboard, touchscreen device, or sensing device, etc.

[0150] In some embodiments, memory 803 is used to store program code 810 for executing the solution of this application, and processor 801 can execute the program code 810 stored in memory 803. The program code 810 may include one or more software modules. Optionally, processor 801 itself may also store program code or instructions for executing the solution of this application.

[0151] in, Figure 5 In the data monitoring method shown, the steps executed by the IoT gateway and IoT platform are completed through the integrated logic circuits of the network device 800 or through software instructions. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. Since this storage medium is located in memory, the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method; to avoid repetition, these will not be described in detail here.

[0152] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another network device provided in an embodiment of this application. The network device includes... Figure 1 The IoT gateway shown or Figure 5 The IoT platform shown uses an IoT gateway to perform the above operations. Figure 5 The operations involved in the IoT gateway in the data monitoring method shown are executed by the IoT platform. Figure 5The data monitoring method illustrated describes the operation of an IoT platform. For example, the network device is a server, which can vary significantly due to different configurations or performance. It may include one or more processors 901 and one or more memories 902, wherein the one or more memories 902 store at least one computer program, which is loaded and executed by the one or more processors 901. The processor 901 may be a CPU. Of course, the network device may also have wired or wireless network interfaces, a keyboard, and input / output interfaces for input / output. The network device may also include other components for implementing device functions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0153] This application also provides a communication device, which includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The transceiver, memory, and processor communicate with each other via an internal connection path. The memory stores instructions, and the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver to receive and transmit signals. Furthermore, when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, it causes the processor to perform a data monitoring method.

[0154] It should be understood that the aforementioned processor can be a CPU, or other general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. General-purpose processors can be microprocessors or any conventional processor. It is worth noting that the processor can be a processor supporting the Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) machine (ARM) architecture.

[0155] Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment, the memory described above may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. The memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store device type information.

[0156] The memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or may include both. Non-volatile memory can be ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. Many forms of RAM are available by way of example, but not limitation. Examples include static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DRRAM).

[0157] This application also provides a chip, including a processor, for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a network device equipped with the chip to perform any of the above-described data monitoring methods. Exemplarily, the chip further includes an input interface, an output interface, and a memory, with the input interface, output interface, processor, and memory connected via internal interconnection paths.

[0158] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0159] To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the steps and components of each embodiment have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0160] Computer program code used to implement the methods of the embodiments of this application may be written in one or more programming languages. This computer program code may be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data monitoring device, such that when executed by the computer or other programmable data monitoring device, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a computer, partially on a computer, as a standalone software package, partially on a computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server.

[0161] In the context of the embodiments of this application, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, etc. Examples of signals may include electrical, optical, radio, sound, or other forms of propagation signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, etc.

[0162] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be found in the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0163] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices, or modules, or they may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms of connection.

[0164] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of this application, depending on actual needs.

[0165] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0166] In this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish identical or similar items that have substantially the same function and purpose. It should be understood that there is no logical or temporal dependency between "first," "second," and "nth," nor does it limit the quantity or order of execution. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms "first," "second," etc., to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of various examples, first data can be referred to as second data, and similarly, second data can be referred to as first data.

[0167] It should also be understood that, in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0168] In this application, the term "at least one" means one or more, and the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple second messages refer to two or more second messages. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document.

[0169] It should be understood that the terminology used in the description of the various examples herein is for the purpose of describing the particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various examples and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0170] It should also be understood that the term “comprising” (also referred to as “includes”, “including”, “comprises” and / or “comprising”) as used in this specification specifies the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0171] It should also be understood that, depending on the context, the phrase “if it is determined that…” or “if [the stated condition or event] is detected” can be interpreted as “when it is determined that…” or “in response to determining that…” or “when [the stated condition or event] is detected” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]”.

[0172] It should be understood that determining B based on A does not mean determining B solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0173] It should also be understood that the phrases "an embodiment," "an embodiment," and "a possible implementation" used throughout the specification mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment or implementation is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, the phrases "in an embodiment," "an embodiment," or "a possible implementation" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

Claims

1. An Internet of Things gateway, characterized by, The IoT gateway includes a sensing module, a transmission module, a main control board, a data acquisition card, and a motherboard. The data acquisition card is connected to the sensing module, the main control board, and the motherboard respectively. The main control board is also connected to the sensing module and the motherboard respectively. The motherboard is also connected to the transmission module. The main control board is used to send modulation electrical pulses and control commands to the sensing module. The control commands are used to instruct the sensing module to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored when at least one of the rising edge or falling edge of the modulation electrical pulse is reached. The sensing module is used to monitor the object to be monitored, and to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored based on the control command at at least one of the rising edge or falling edge of the modulation electrical pulse, and to transmit the environmental signal to the acquisition card. The sensing module is implemented based on optical fiber. The main control board is also used to transmit a synchronization clock to the acquisition card; The acquisition card is used to acquire the environmental signals transmitted by the sensing module based on the synchronization clock, and transmit the acquired environmental signals to the motherboard; The motherboard is used to acquire environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signal transmitted by the acquisition card, and to transmit the environmental data to the transmission module. The environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data. The transmission module is used to transmit the environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

2. The IoT gateway of claim 1, wherein, The sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire the strain data and the temperature data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire the vibration data.

3. The IoT gateway of claim 1, wherein, The sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a third optical signal, which is used to acquire the strain data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire the vibration data. The third sensing submodule is used to acquire a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire the temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal.

4. The IoT gateway of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The transmission module is also used to establish multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform. If the first data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links fails, the environmental data is transmitted to the IoT platform through the second data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links. The second data transmission link is the data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed.

5. The IoT gateway of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The transmission module is also used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT platform, and based on the successful two-way authentication, transmit the environmental data to the IoT platform.

6. The IoT gateway of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The transmission module is also used to encrypt the environmental data and transmit the encrypted environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

7. The IoT gateway according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The environmental data indicates that the monitored object is in an abnormal environment. The transmission module is communicatively connected to the abnormal alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The transmission module is also used to send the environmental data to the abnormal alarm module, which is used by the abnormal alarm module to trigger an abnormal alarm.

8. The IoT gateway of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule. The container is used to process the environmental data by running a data processing program, and the transmission submodule is used to transmit the processed environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

9. A data monitoring method, characterized by, The method is applied to any of the IoT gateways described in claims 1-8, and the method includes: The main control board sends modulation electrical pulses and control commands to the sensing module. The control commands are used to instruct the sensing module to acquire the environmental signal of the object to be monitored when at least one of the rising or falling edges of the modulation electrical pulse is reached. The sensing module monitors the object to be monitored, and acquires the environmental signal of the object to be monitored based on the control command at at least one of the rising edge or falling edge of the modulation electrical pulse, and transmits the environmental signal to the acquisition card. The sensing module is implemented based on optical fiber. The main control board transmits a synchronization clock to the acquisition card; The acquisition card acquires the environmental signals transmitted by the sensing module based on the synchronization clock and transmits the acquired environmental signals to the motherboard. The motherboard acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signal transmitted by the acquisition card, and transmits the environmental data to the transmission module. The environmental data includes at least one of strain data, temperature data, or vibration data. The transmission module transmits the environmental data to the Internet of Things platform.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The sensing module includes a first sensing submodule and a second sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a first optical signal, which is used to acquire the strain data and the temperature data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire the vibration data. The motherboard acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signals transmitted by the acquisition card, including: The motherboard acquires the strain data and the temperature data based on the first optical signal; The motherboard acquires the vibration data based on the second optical signal.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein, The sensing module includes a first sensing submodule, a second sensing submodule, and a third sensing submodule. The first sensing submodule is used to acquire a third optical signal, which is used to acquire the strain data. The second sensing submodule is used to acquire a second optical signal, which is used to acquire the vibration data. The third sensing submodule is used to acquire a fourth optical signal, which is used to acquire the temperature data. The rate at which the third sensing submodule acquires the fourth optical signal is greater than the rate at which the first sensing submodule acquires the third optical signal. The motherboard acquires environmental data of the object to be monitored based on the environmental signals transmitted by the acquisition card, including: The motherboard acquires the vibration data based on the second optical signal; The motherboard acquires the strain data based on the third optical signal; The motherboard acquires the temperature data based on the fourth optical signal.

12. The method of any one of claims 9-11, wherein, Before the transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform, it also includes: The transmission module establishes multiple data transmission links with the IoT platform; The transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform, including: If the first data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links fails, the transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform through the second data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links, where the second data transmission link is the data transmission link among the multiple data transmission links that has not failed.

13. The method of any one of claims 9-11, wherein, Before the transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform, it also includes: The transmission module performs two-way authentication with the IoT platform; Based on the successful two-way authentication, the transmission module performs the operation of transmitting the environmental data to the IoT platform.

14. The method of any one of claims 9-11, wherein, The transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform, including: The transmission module encrypts the environmental data and transmits the encrypted environmental data to the IoT platform.

15. The method of any one of claims 9-11, wherein, The environmental data indicates an environmental anomaly in which the monitored object is located. The transmission module is communicatively connected to the anomaly alarm module, which is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The method further includes: The transmission module sends the environmental data to the anomaly alarm module, and the environmental data is used by the anomaly alarm module to generate an anomaly alarm.

16. The method according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The transmission module includes a container and a transmission submodule. The transmission module transmits the environmental data to the IoT platform, including: The container processes the environmental data by running a data processing program; The transmission submodule transmits the processed environmental data to the IoT platform.

17. A data monitoring method, characterized by, The method is applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, which is communicatively connected to the IoT gateway according to any one of claims 1-8, and the method includes: The IoT platform receives environmental data of the object to be monitored from the transmission module.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, Before the IoT platform receives the environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the transmission module, it also includes: The IoT platform performs two-way authentication with the IoT gateway, and receives the environmental data based on the successful two-way authentication.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The environmental data transmitted by the IoT gateway is encrypted. The IoT platform receives environmental data of the monitored object transmitted by the transmission module, including: The IoT platform decrypts the encrypted environmental data to obtain decrypted environmental data.

20. A data monitoring system characterized by, The data monitoring system includes an Internet of Things (IoT) platform and an IoT gateway as described in any one of claims 1-8. The IoT platform and the IoT gateway are communicatively connected, and the IoT platform is used to receive environmental data of the object to be monitored transmitted by the IoT gateway.

21. The data monitoring system of claim 20, wherein, The IoT platform is used to perform two-way authentication with the IoT gateway, and receives the environmental data based on the successful two-way authentication.

22. The data monitoring system of claim 20 or 21, wherein, The environmental data transmitted by the IoT gateway is encrypted, and the IoT platform is used to decrypt the encrypted environmental data to obtain decrypted environmental data.

23. The data monitoring system of claim 20 or 21, wherein, The data monitoring system also includes an anomaly alarm module, which is communicatively connected to the transmission module included in the IoT gateway. The anomaly alarm module is located inside or outside the IoT gateway. The environmental data indicates that the environment in which the monitored object is located is abnormal. The anomaly alarm module is used to receive the environmental data transmitted by the transmission module and to issue an anomaly alarm based on the environmental data.

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