Pneumatic conveying system and control method for a pneumatic conveying system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of article transmission, and specifically provides a pneumatic conveying system and a control method for the pneumatic conveying system. The present application aims to solve the problem that the existing pneumatic conveying device can only convey in one direction. To this end, the pneumatic conveying system of the present application comprises a conveying pipeline and a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor installed on the conveying pipeline, the inner diameter of the conveying pipeline is greater than the outer diameter of the sample tube so that the sample tube can move in the conveying pipeline, the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor divide the conveying pipeline into a first sub-pipeline, an intermediate pipeline and a second sub-pipeline, the positive pressure end and the negative pressure end of the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor are connected with the first sub-pipeline and the intermediate pipeline respectively, and the positive pressure end and the negative pressure end of the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor are connected with the second sub-pipeline and the intermediate pipeline respectively. The pneumatic conveying system of the present application can realize bidirectional conveying, save pipeline space, reduce the volume of the pneumatic conveying system and save costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of article transport technology, specifically providing a pneumatic transport system and a control method for the pneumatic transport system. Background Technology

[0002] Sample tubes are containers used to hold samples (such as, but not limited to, blood and urine samples) and are widely used in medical institutions. Typically, sampling and testing areas in medical institutions are separate; for example, they may be located in different buildings, on different floors of the same building, or in different rooms within the same building. After blood and urine samples are collected and sealed in sample tubes at the sampling area, they need to be transferred to the testing area for analysis. To ensure the safety and efficiency of transferring sample tubes from the sampling area to the testing area, pneumatic transfer devices are designed and applied.

[0003] Existing pneumatic transmission devices can only transmit in one specific direction. When transmission to multiple locations or bidirectional transmission is required, one or more additional transmission devices need to be set up in conjunction, resulting in large space occupation and high cost of pneumatic transmission devices.

[0004] Accordingly, a new technical solution is needed in this field to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, namely, to solve the problem that existing pneumatic transmission devices can only transport in one direction.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pneumatic transport system for transporting sample tubes. The pneumatic transport system includes a transport pipe and a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor mounted on the transport pipe. The inner diameter of the transport pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube so that the sample tube can move within the transport pipe. The two ends of the transport pipe are respectively provided with a first pick-and-place head and a second pick-and-place head. The first and second pneumatic vacuum conveyors divide the transport pipe into a first sub-pipe, an intermediate pipe, and a second sub-pipe. The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located between the first sub-pipe and the intermediate pipe, and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located between the intermediate pipe and the second sub-pipe. The first pick-and-place head... The first sub-pipe head is located at the end of the first sub-pipe away from the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, and the second pick-and-place pipe head is located at the end of the second sub-pipe away from the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The positive pressure end and negative pressure end of the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor are respectively connected to the first sub-pipe and the intermediate pipe, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, positive pressure is formed in the first sub-pipe and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe and the second sub-pipe at the same time. The positive pressure end and negative pressure end of the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor are respectively connected to the second sub-pipe and the intermediate pipe, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor, positive pressure is formed in the second sub-pipe and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe and the first sub-pipe at the same time.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the above-described pneumatic transmission system, the pneumatic transmission system further includes a first buffer mechanism installed on the first sub-pipe, the first buffer mechanism being configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the first pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the first pick-and-place head; and / or, the pneumatic transmission system further includes a second buffer mechanism installed on the second sub-pipe, the second buffer mechanism being configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the second pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the second pick-and-place head.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the first buffer mechanism includes a first buffer reversing device, a first auxiliary pipe, a first valve, and a first connector. The inner diameter of the first auxiliary pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube. The first buffer reversing device is installed on the first sub-pipe and located between the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the first pick-and-place tube head. The first buffer reversing device divides the first sub-pipe into pipe A1 and pipe A2. The first auxiliary pipe is connected to the first buffer reversing device, and the first auxiliary pipe is connected to pipe A1 through the first connector. The first valve is installed at the end of the first auxiliary pipe away from the first buffer reversing device. The first valve is configured to connect and disconnect the first auxiliary pipe from the external environment, so that some gas in pipe A1 can enter the first auxiliary pipe through the first connector and be discharged through the first valve. The first buffer reversing device is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The first buffer reversing device is also configured to connect to pipe A1 so that the sample tube can be transferred to pipe A1 when pipe A1 is under negative pressure and slowly received when pipe A1 is under positive pressure. The sample tube in the A1 pipe, the first buffer reversing device is further configured to connect the A2 pipe to the first auxiliary pipe so as to receive the sample tube in the A2 pipe when the first auxiliary pipe is under negative pressure and to transfer the sample tube to the A2 pipe when the first auxiliary pipe is under positive pressure; and / or, the second buffer mechanism includes a second buffer reversing device, a second auxiliary pipe, a second valve and a second connector, the inner diameter of the second auxiliary pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube; the second buffer reversing device is installed on the second sub-pipe and located between the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the second pick-and-place head, the second buffer reversing device divides the second sub-pipe into the B1 pipe and the B2 pipe, the second auxiliary pipe is connected to the second buffer reversing device, the second auxiliary pipe is connected to the B1 pipe through the second connector, the second valve is installed at the end of the second auxiliary pipe away from the second buffer reversing device, the second valve is configured to connect and disconnect the second auxiliary pipe from the external environment so that some gas in the B1 pipe can enter the second auxiliary pipe through the second connector and be discharged through the second valve;The second buffer commutator is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. It is also configured to connect to the B1 pipe to transfer the sample tube into the B1 pipe when the B1 pipe is under negative pressure and to slowly receive the sample tube located within the B1 pipe when the B1 pipe is under positive pressure. The second buffer commutator is further configured to connect the B2 pipe to the second auxiliary pipe to receive the sample tube located within the B2 pipe when the second auxiliary pipe is under negative pressure and to transfer the sample tube into the B2 pipe when the second auxiliary pipe is under positive pressure.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the first buffer commutator includes a housing and a valve core disposed within the housing. The housing is provided with a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface distributed circumferentially. The first interface and the second interface are coaxially arranged, and the third interface and the fourth interface are coaxially arranged. The first interface is connected to the A1 pipe, the second interface is connected to the external environment, the third interface is connected to the A2 pipe, and the fourth interface is connected to the first auxiliary pipe. The inner diameter of both the second interface and the fourth interface is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube. The inner diameters of the first and third interfaces are both larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube. The valve core is rotatable relative to the housing and has a valve core channel for the sample tube to pass through. During the rotation of the valve core relative to the housing, the first buffer commutator can switch between state one and state two. When the first buffer commutator is in state one, the valve core channel connects the first and second interfaces. When the first buffer commutator is in state two, the valve core channel connects the third and fourth interfaces.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the first buffer commutator can switch to state three during the rotation of the valve core relative to the housing. When the first buffer commutator is in state three, both ends of the valve core channel are blocked by the housing.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the angle between the central axis of the first interface and the central axis of the third interface is 30° to 90°.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the first buffer commutator further includes a driving component, which is connected to the valve core and is configured to drive the valve core to rotate relative to the housing.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the structure of the second buffer commutator is the same as that of the first buffer commutator. The first interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the B1 pipe, the third interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the B2 pipe, and the fourth interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the second auxiliary pipe.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the pneumatic transmission system further includes a branch conveying mechanism and a circuit breaker. The branch conveying mechanism includes a branch pipe and a third pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a third pick-and-place head installed on the branch pipe. The third pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located close to the third pick-and-place head and divides the branch pipe into a connecting pipe and a third sub-pipe. The positive pressure end and negative pressure end of the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor are respectively connected to the third sub-pipe and the connecting pipe, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor, a positive pressure gas can be formed in the third sub-pipe. The pressure is applied to create a negative pressure within the connecting pipe. The third pick-and-place head is located at the end of the third sub-pipe away from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The switch is installed on the intermediate pipe, which divides the intermediate pipe into pipe C1 and pipe C2. Pipe C1 is connected to the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, and pipe C2 is connected to the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The end of the connecting pipe away from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor is connected to the switch. The switch is configured to selectively connect pipe C1 to pipe C2 or the connecting pipe.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, the branch conveying mechanism further includes a third buffer mechanism installed on the third sub-pipe. The third buffer mechanism is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube conveyed to the third pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the third pick-and-place head.

[0016] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned pneumatic transmission system, there are multiple branch conveying mechanisms, and the number of circuit breakers is the same as the number of branch conveying mechanisms, with one branch conveying mechanism corresponding to one circuit breaker.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment of the above pneumatic transmission system, there are two branch conveying mechanisms, each of which is connected to the intermediate pipeline via a switch; or, there are two branch conveying mechanisms, wherein the first branch conveying mechanism is connected to the intermediate pipeline via a switch, and the second branch conveying mechanism is connected to the branch pipeline of the first branch conveying mechanism via a switch.

[0018] With the above technical solution adopted, the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention has a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor installed on the transmission pipeline. The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located close to the first pick-and-place tube head, and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located close to the second pick-and-place tube head. Thus, by introducing compressed gas into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor, the sample tube can be transported from the first pick-and-place tube head to the second pick-and-place tube head. By introducing compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, the sample tube can be transported from the second pick-and-place tube head to the first pick-and-place tube head. This achieves bidirectional transmission through a single transmission pipeline, reduces the volume of the pneumatic transmission system, saves space, and effectively reduces costs.

[0019] Furthermore, by setting a first buffer mechanism on the first sub-pipe, the sample tube being transported to the first pick-and-place head can be buffered and decelerated. When the sample tube is transported from the second pick-and-place head toward the first pick-and-place head, the sample tube can be slowly output through the first pick-and-place head, ensuring the safety of the sample tube and preventing damage to the sample tube during the material discharge process, thereby protecting the safety of the sample inside the sample tube.

[0020] Furthermore, by setting a second buffer mechanism on the second sub-pipe, the sample tube being transported to the second pick-up and drop-off head can be buffered and decelerated. When the sample tube is transported from the first pick-up and drop-off head to the second pick-up and drop-off head, the sample tube can be slowly output through the second pick-up and drop-off head, ensuring the safety of the sample tube and avoiding damage to the sample tube during the material discharge process, thereby protecting the safety of the sample inside the sample tube.

[0021] Furthermore, the first buffer mechanism includes a first buffer reversing device, a first auxiliary pipe, a first valve, and a first connector. It has a simple structure and small size. The first buffer reversing device can slowly receive the sample tube being transported toward the first pick-up and drop-off head, and under the positive pressure of the first auxiliary pipe, blow the sample tube into the first pick-up and drop-off head and output it, thereby slowly outputting the sample tube and ensuring the safety of the sample tube.

[0022] Furthermore, the second buffer mechanism includes a second buffer reversing device, a second auxiliary pipe, a second valve, and a second connector. It has a simple structure and small size. The second buffer reversing device can slowly receive the sample tube being transported toward the second pick-up and drop-off head, and under the positive pressure of the second auxiliary pipe, blow the sample tube into the second pick-up and drop-off head and output it, thereby slowly outputting the sample tube and ensuring the safety of the sample tube.

[0023] Furthermore, the first buffer commutator includes a housing and a valve core disposed within the housing. The housing is provided with a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface. The valve core is provided with a valve core channel so that the first interface can be connected to the second interface, and the third interface can be connected to the fourth interface. This enables the smooth reception of sample tubes and changes in the transport direction of the sample tubes, facilitating the smooth transport of the sample tubes. Its structure is simple and easy to assemble and use.

[0024] Furthermore, during the rotation of the valve core, it switches to state three, which blocks both ends of the valve core channel with the housing, thereby blocking one end of the A1 pipe connected to the first interface. After the sample tube enters the A1 pipe, the transmission speed can be slowed down and it slowly falls into the first interface, thus buffering and decelerating the transported sample tube more quickly, thereby avoiding damage to the sample tube due to excessive speed.

[0025] Furthermore, setting the included angle between the first and third interfaces to 30° to 90° allows for a sufficiently large gap between them, reserving enough installation space to facilitate the connection of the first and third interfaces with their corresponding pipes, thus reducing the difficulty of connection.

[0026] Furthermore, a branch conveying mechanism and a circuit breaker are also provided. The circuit breaker can change the conveying direction of the sample tube, thereby realizing one-to-two-point conveying and two-to-one-point conveying.

[0027] Furthermore, a third buffer mechanism is installed on the third sub-pipe, which can buffer and decelerate the sample tube being transported to the third pick-up and drop-off head. When the sample tube is transported from the first pick-up and drop-off head to the third pick-up and drop-off head, the sample tube can be slowly output through the third pick-up and drop-off head, ensuring the safety of the sample tube and avoiding damage to the sample tube during the material discharge process, thereby protecting the safety of the sample inside the sample tube.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a pneumatic transport system, the control method comprising: acquiring the transport direction of a sample tube; and selectively introducing compressed gas into a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor according to the transport direction.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a pneumatic transmission system, the pneumatic transmission system further comprising a first detection device and a second detection device, the first detection device being capable of detecting whether a sample tube exists at one end of the A1 pipe near the first buffer commutator, one end of the A2 pipe near the first buffer commutator, and within the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator; the second detection device being capable of detecting whether a sample tube exists at one end of the B1 pipe near the second buffer commutator, one end of the B2 pipe near the second buffer commutator, and within the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator; the control method comprising: acquiring the delivery of the sample tube. Direction; based on the conveying direction, determine the first initial state of the first buffer commutator and the second initial state of the second buffer commutator, and adjust the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator to the first initial state and the second initial state, respectively; based on the conveying direction, selectively introduce compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor; acquire in real time the first detection result detected by the first detection device and the second detection result detected by the second detection device; adjust the state of the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator based on the conveying direction, the first detection result, and the second detection result.

[0030] When the above technical solution is adopted, the control method for the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention can accurately transport the sample tube in the target transport direction and can buffer the sample tube to avoid damage to the sample tube during transport and protect the sample safety. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0034] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0038] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point D;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first buffer commutator of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a right view of the first buffer commutator of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third embodiment of the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the main steps of a first embodiment of the control method for a pneumatic transmission system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the main steps of a second embodiment of the control method for a pneumatic transmission system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of a second embodiment of the control method for a pneumatic transmission system according to the present invention.

[0046] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0047] 1. Conveying pipeline; 11. First sub-pipeline; 111. A1 pipeline; 112. A2 pipeline; 12. Intermediate pipeline; 121. C1 pipeline; 122. C2 pipeline; 13. Second sub-pipeline; 131. B1 pipeline; 132. B2 pipeline;

[0048] 2. First pneumatic vacuum conveyor; 21. First air inlet; 22. First positive pressure end; 23. First negative pressure end; 201. First air inlet pipe;

[0049] 3. Second pneumatic vacuum conveyor; 31. Second air inlet; 32. Second positive pressure end; 33. Second negative pressure end; 301. Second air inlet pipe;

[0050] 4. First, remove and place the tube head;

[0051] 5. Second tube insertion and removal;

[0052] 6. First buffer mechanism; 61. First buffer commutator; 611. Housing; 6111. First interface; 6112. Second interface; 6113. Third interface; 6114. Fourth interface; 612. Valve core; 6121. Valve core channel; 62. First auxiliary pipe; 63. First valve; 64. First connector;

[0053] 7. Second buffer mechanism; 71. Second buffer reversing device; 72. Second auxiliary pipeline; 73. Second valve; 74. Second connecting piece;

[0054] 8. Branch conveying mechanism; 81. Branch pipeline; 811. Connecting pipeline; 812. Third sub-pipeline; 8121. D1 pipeline; 8122. D2 pipeline; 82. Third pneumatic vacuum conveyor; 83. Third pick-and-place pipe head; 84. Third buffer mechanism; 841. Third buffer reversing device; 842. Third auxiliary pipeline; 843. Fourth valve; 844. Third connecting piece;

[0055] 9. Circuit changer. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "inner" and "outer" indicating directional or positional relationships are based on the directional or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for ease of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connect," and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through other components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] Based on the limitations of existing pneumatic transmission devices, which can only transport materials in one direction as indicated in the background art, this invention provides a novel pneumatic transmission system capable of bidirectional transmission between two points, as well as mutual transmission between one and many points, many points and one point, and many points and many points.

[0060] Furthermore, based on the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention, the present invention also provides a control method for the pneumatic transmission system, which can better and more accurately control the pneumatic transmission system to transport sample tubes.

[0061] The pneumatic transmission system of the present invention will be described in detail below through several specific embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Specifically, please also refer to Figures 1 to 3 The pneumatic transfer system of this embodiment includes a delivery pipe 1 and a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 and a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 installed on the delivery pipe 1. The inner diameter of the delivery pipe 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube so that the sample tube can move within the delivery pipe 1. The two ends of the delivery pipe 1 are respectively equipped with a first pick-and-place head 4 and a second pick-and-place head 5. The first pick-and-place head 4 and the second pick-and-place head 5 are used to pick up and put out the sample tube.

[0064] The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 divide the conveying pipe 1 into a first sub-pipe 11, an intermediate pipe 12, and a second sub-pipe 13. The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 is located between the first sub-pipe 11 and the intermediate pipe 12, and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 is located between the intermediate pipe 12 and the second sub-pipe 13. The first pick-and-place head 4 is located at the end of the first sub-pipe 11 away from the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2, and the second pick-and-place head 5 is located at the end of the second sub-pipe 13 away from the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3.

[0065] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 See also Figure 4 The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 is provided with a first air inlet 21, a first positive pressure end 22 and a first negative pressure end 23. The first air inlet 21 is connected to an air source (not shown in the figure) through a first air inlet pipe 201. The first positive pressure end 22 is connected to the first sub-pipe 11 and the first negative pressure end 23 is connected to the intermediate pipe 12, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2, positive pressure is formed in the first sub-pipe 11, and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe 12 and the second sub-pipe 13.

[0066] Compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2. The compressed gas enters the first sub-pipe 11 from the first positive pressure end 22, thereby creating a positive pressure in the first sub-pipe 11. At the same time, a negative pressure is created in the intermediate pipe 12 and the second sub-pipe 13. At this time, a suction force is generated at the second pick-up and put-out head 5, which can suck the sample tube into the second pick-up and put-out head 5. The pressure in the second sub-pipe 13 is low, and the external gas flows into the second sub-pipe 13 to create a thrust, thereby moving the sample tube from the second sub-pipe 13 toward the first sub-pipe 11. After the sample tube enters the first sub-pipe 11, the first sub-pipe 11 is under positive pressure. The compressed gas pushes the sample tube from the first pick-up and put-out head 4 in the first sub-pipe 11 until it is output from the first pick-up and put-out head 4. Thus, the introduction of compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 can realize the conveying of the sample tube from the second pick-up and put-out head 5 toward the first pick-up and put-out head 4.

[0067] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 is provided with a second air inlet 31, a second positive pressure end 32 and a second negative pressure end 33. The second air inlet 31 is connected to an air source (not shown in the figure) through a second air inlet pipe 301. The second positive pressure end 32 is connected to the second sub-pipe 13 and the second negative pressure end 33 is connected to the intermediate pipe 12, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3, positive pressure is formed in the second sub-pipe 13, and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe 12 and the first sub-pipe 11.

[0068] Compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3. The compressed gas enters the second sub-pipe 13 from the second positive pressure end 32, thereby creating a positive pressure in the second sub-pipe 13. At the same time, a negative pressure is created in the intermediate pipe 12 and the first sub-pipe 11. At this time, a suction force is generated at the first pick-up and put-out head 4, which can suck the sample tube into the first pick-up and put-out head 4. The pressure in the first sub-pipe 11 is low, and the external gas flows into the first sub-pipe 11 to create a thrust, thereby moving the sample tube from the first sub-pipe 11 toward the second sub-pipe 13. After the sample tube enters the second sub-pipe 13, the second sub-pipe 13 is under positive pressure. The compressed gas pushes the sample tube in the second sub-pipe 13 toward the second pick-up and put-out head 5 until it is output from the second pick-up and put-out head 5. Thus, the introduction of compressed gas into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 can realize the conveying of the sample tube from the first pick-up and put-out head 4 to the second pick-up and put-out head 5.

[0069] The pneumatic transmission system of the present invention can achieve bidirectional transmission of sample tubes through a single transmission loop. It has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and use, and is small in size and low in cost.

[0070] It should be noted that this invention does not impose any limitations on the specific structure of the first pick-up / placement head 4 and the second pick-up / placement head 5. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can customize the structure of the first pick-up / placement head 4 and the second pick-up / placement head 5 according to actual needs. For example, the first pick-up / placement head 4 and the second pick-up / placement head 5 can be an integral structure with the conveying pipe 1, with the first pick-up / placement head 4 being the end of the first sub-pipe 11 and the second pick-up / placement head 5 being the end of the second sub-pipe 13; or, both the first pick-up / placement head 4 and the second pick-up / placement head 5 can be flexible hoses installed at the ends of the conveying pipe 1. Such adjustments and changes to the specific structure of the first pick-up / placement head 4 and the second pick-up / placement head 5 do not deviate from the basic principles of this invention and should be limited to the protection scope of this invention.

[0071] It should also be noted that this invention does not impose any restrictions on the structure and dimensions of the conveying pipe 1, as long as the conveying pipe 1 can normally convey the sample tubes. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure and dimensions of the conveying pipe 1 according to actual needs. Adjustments and changes to the structure and dimensions of the conveying pipe 1 do not deviate from the basic principles of this invention and should be limited to the protection scope of this invention.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the delivery pipe 1 is a transparent delivery pipe 1 so that the position and delivery status of the sample tube within the delivery pipe 1 can be observed at any time.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Specifically, please also refer to Figures 5 to 7 The pneumatic transmission system of this embodiment, based on the pneumatic transmission system of Embodiment 1, further includes a first buffer mechanism 6 installed on the first sub-pipe 11 and a second buffer mechanism 7 installed on the second sub-pipe 13.

[0075] The first buffer mechanism 6 is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube being delivered to the first pick-and-place head 4, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the first pick-and-place head 4. The first buffer mechanism 6 can buffer and decelerate the sample tube about to be delivered to the first pick-and-place head 4, so that the sample tube is output slowly and the sample tube is protected from damage.

[0076] The second buffer mechanism 7 is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube being fed to the second pick-and-place head 5, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the second pick-and-place head 5. The second buffer mechanism 7 can buffer and decelerate the sample tube about to be fed to the second pick-and-place head 5, so that the sample tube is output slowly and the sample tube is protected from damage.

[0077] Preferably, please continue reading. Figure 5 and Figure 6The first buffer mechanism 6 includes a first buffer reversing device 61, a first auxiliary pipe 62, a first valve 63, and a first connector 64. The inner diameter of the first auxiliary pipe 62 is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube, which can prevent the sample tube from entering the first auxiliary pipe 62, thereby preventing the sample tube from deviating from the preset delivery route.

[0078] The first buffer reversing device 61 is installed on the first sub-pipe 11 and is located between the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2 and the first pick-and-place head 4. The first buffer reversing device 61 divides the first sub-pipe 11 into pipe A1 111 and pipe A2 112. The first auxiliary pipe 62 is connected to the first buffer reversing device 61. The first auxiliary pipe 62 and pipe A1 111 are connected through the first connector 64 (e.g., connecting pipe or connecting valve). The first valve 63 is installed at the end of the first auxiliary pipe 62 away from the first buffer reversing device 61. The first valve 63 is configured to connect and disconnect the first auxiliary pipe 62 from the external environment so that some gas in pipe A1 111 can enter the first auxiliary pipe 62 through the first connector 64 and be discharged through the first valve 63.

[0079] After compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2, the gas in pipe A1 111 is divided into two parts. One part enters the first auxiliary pipe 62 through the first connector 64 and is discharged by the first valve 63. The other part continues to move toward the first buffer reversing device 61. Discharging some gas through the first valve 63 can reduce the resistance to gas discharge in pipe A1 111, thereby increasing the vacuum suction of the intermediate pipe 12 and the second sub-pipe 13, and thus increasing the transmission power of the conveying pipe 1. In addition, it can also reduce the amount of air blown directly from the first pick-and-place tube head 4, avoiding damage to the equipment at one end of the receiving sample tube.

[0080] The first buffer commutator 61 is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The first buffer commutator 61 is also configured to connect to the A1 pipe 111 so that the sample tube can be transferred into the A1 pipe 111 when the A1 pipe 111 is under negative pressure, and the sample tube located in the A1 pipe 111 can be slowly received when the A1 pipe 111 is under positive pressure. The first buffer commutator 61 is also configured to connect the A2 pipe 112 and the first auxiliary pipe 62 so that the sample tube located in the A2 pipe 112 can be received when the first auxiliary pipe 62 is under negative pressure, and the sample tube can be transferred into the A2 pipe 112 when the first auxiliary pipe 62 is under positive pressure.

[0081] When the A1 pipe 111 is under negative pressure, the first auxiliary pipe 62 is also under negative pressure. When the first buffer reversing device 61 connects the first auxiliary pipe 62 to the A2 pipe 112, under the negative pressure suction of the first auxiliary pipe 62, the sample tube can be sucked into the A2 pipe 112 by the first pick-and-place head 4 and enter the first buffer reversing device 61 for temporary storage. When the first buffer reversing device 61 is connected to the A1 pipe 111, under the negative pressure of the A1 pipe 111, the sample tube in the first buffer reversing device 61 enters the A1 pipe 111 and can continue to be transported towards the second sub-pipe 13.

[0082] When the A1 pipe 111 is under positive pressure, when the first buffer commutator 61 is connected to the A1 pipe 111, since some of the positive pressure airflow has been discharged through the first valve 63, the airflow in the part of the A1 pipe 111 near the first buffer commutator 61 is weakened, thereby reducing the transmission speed of the sample tube entering the first buffer commutator 61. The first buffer commutator 61 slowly receives the sample tube and buffers it in the first buffer commutator 61. When the first buffer commutator 61 connects the first auxiliary pipe 62 to the A2 pipe 112, the A1 pipe 111 is under positive pressure, and the first auxiliary pipe 62 is also under slight positive pressure. At this time, under the action of the slight positive pressure airflow in the first auxiliary pipe 62, the sample tube in the first buffer commutator 61 is blown into the A2 pipe 112, and the sample tube continues to be blown slowly until it is output from the first pick-and-place head 4.

[0083] With the above-described configuration, when the sample tube is transferred from the second pick-and-place head 5 to the first pick-and-place head 4, the buffering and deceleration effect of the first buffer mechanism 6 when receiving the sample tube can be improved, thereby protecting the sample tube from damage. In addition, when the sample tube is transferred from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the second pick-and-place head 5, the sample tube can be effectively picked up and transported, ensuring the accuracy of the transport.

[0084] It should be noted that although the first buffer mechanism 6 is configured as a first buffer reversing device 61, a first auxiliary pipe 62, a first valve 63, and a first connector 64 in the above embodiments, this should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In practical applications, as long as the first buffer mechanism 6 can buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the first pick-and-place head 4, it is sufficient. Those skilled in the art can also configure the first buffer mechanism 6 as other structures. For example, the first buffer mechanism 6 can be configured as an exhaust pipe installed on the first sub-pipe 11, with the exhaust pipe located close to the first pick-and-place head 4. Such adjustments and changes to the specific structure of the first buffer mechanism 6 do not deviate from the basic principles of the present invention and should all be limited to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] Of course, it is preferable to set the first buffer mechanism 6 as a structure consisting of the first buffer reversing device 61, the first auxiliary pipe 62, the first valve 63 and the first connector 64. This configuration has a better buffering effect and can control the delivery state of the sample tube and the timing of the sample tube output.

[0086] It should also be noted that the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the first valve 63, as long as the first valve 63 can discharge the compressed gas entering the first auxiliary pipe 62. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure of the first valve 63 according to actual needs.

[0087] In one embodiment, the first valve 63 is a first check valve, which is configured to allow gas in the first auxiliary pipe 62 to enter the external environment and to block gas in the external environment from entering the first auxiliary pipe 62.

[0088] In another embodiment, the first valve 63 is a first solenoid valve. When the first auxiliary pipe 62 is under positive pressure, the first solenoid valve opens to connect the first auxiliary pipe 62 to the external environment. However, when the first auxiliary pipe 62 is under negative pressure, the first solenoid valve closes to disconnect the first auxiliary pipe 62 from the external environment.

[0089] Preferably, please continue reading. Figure 6 as well as Figures 8 to 10 The first buffer commutator 61 includes a housing 611 and a valve core 612 disposed in the housing 611. The housing 611 has a cavity, and the valve core 612 is located in the cavity. The valve core 612 can rotate relative to the housing 611.

[0090] The housing 611 is provided with a first interface 6111, a second interface 6112, a third interface 6113, and a fourth interface 6114 arranged circumferentially. The first interface 6111 and the second interface 6112 are coaxially arranged, as are the third interface 6113 and the fourth interface 6114. The first interface 6111 is connected to pipe A1 111, the second interface 6112 is connected to the external environment, the third interface 6113 is connected to pipe A2 112, and the fourth interface 6114 is connected to the first auxiliary pipe 62. The inner diameters of the second interface 6112 and the fourth interface 6114 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube to prevent the sample tube from entering the second interface 6112 and the fourth interface 6114. The inner diameters of the first interface 6111 and the third interface 6113 are both larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube so that the sample tube can pass through the first interface 6111 and the third interface 6113 for transport.

[0091] The valve core 612 is provided with a valve core channel 6121 that allows the sample tube to pass through. During the rotation of the valve core 612 relative to the housing 611, the first buffer reversing device 61 can switch between state one and state two. When the first buffer reversing device 61 is in state one, the valve core channel 6121 connects the first interface 6111 and the second interface 6112, thereby connecting the A1 pipe 111 with the valve core channel 6121. When the first buffer reversing device 61 is in state two, the valve core channel 6121 connects the third interface 6113 and the fourth interface 6114, thereby connecting the first auxiliary pipe 62, the valve core channel 6121 and the A2 pipe 112 in sequence.

[0092] With this configuration, the first buffer commutator 61 has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and use, and is easy to adjust its state.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, during the rotation of the valve core 612 relative to the housing 611, the first buffer commutator 61 can also switch to state three. When the first buffer commutator 61 is in state three, both ends of the valve core channel 6121 are blocked by the housing 611.

[0094] With this configuration, the valve core 612 switches to state three during rotation, causing both ends of the valve core channel 6121 to be blocked by the housing 611. This blocks one end of the A1 pipe 111 connected to the first interface 6111, allowing the sample tube to slow down its transmission speed and fall slowly into the first interface 6111 after entering the A1 pipe 111. This effectively buffers and slows down the transported sample tube, improving the buffering effect of the buffering mechanism.

[0095] Preferably, the angle between the central axis of the first interface 6111 and the central axis of the third interface 6113 is 30° to 90°. Setting the angle between the first interface 6111 and the third interface 6113 to 30° to 90° allows for a sufficiently large distance between them, reserving enough installation space to facilitate the connection of the first interface 6111 and the third interface 6113 to their corresponding pipes, thus reducing the difficulty of connection.

[0096] Preferably, the first buffer commutator 61 further includes a drive member connected to the valve core 612. The drive member is configured to drive the valve core 612 to rotate relative to the housing 611. By using the drive member to drive the valve core 612 to rotate, the state of the valve core 612 can be adjusted.

[0097] In practical applications, the driving component can be a manually operated rotating component, which allows a person to rotate the valve core 612 to change its state. Alternatively, the driving component can be a motor, which drives the valve core 612 to rotate and change its state, thereby achieving automatic control and regulation.

[0098] Preferably, please continue reading. Figure 5 and Figure 7 The second buffer mechanism 7 includes a second buffer reversing device 71, a second auxiliary pipe 72, a second valve 73, and a second connector 74. The inner diameter of the second auxiliary pipe 72 is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube, which can prevent the sample tube from entering the second auxiliary pipe 72, thereby preventing the sample tube from deviating from the preset delivery route.

[0099] The second buffer reversing device 71 is installed on the second sub-pipe 13 and located between the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3 and the second pick-and-place head 5. The second buffer reversing device 71 divides the second sub-pipe 13 into pipe B1 131 and pipe B2 132. The second auxiliary pipe 72 is connected to the second buffer reversing device 71. The second auxiliary pipe 72 and pipe B1 131 are connected through the second connector 74 (e.g., connecting pipe or connecting valve). The second valve 73 is installed at the end of the second auxiliary pipe 72 away from the second buffer reversing device 71. The second valve 73 is configured to connect and disconnect the second auxiliary pipe 72 from the external environment so that some gas in pipe B1 131 can enter the second auxiliary pipe 72 through the second connector 74 and be discharged through the second valve 73.

[0100] After compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3, the gas in pipe B1 131 is divided into two parts. One part enters the second auxiliary pipe 72 through the second connector 74 and is discharged by the second valve 73. The other part continues to move toward the second buffer reversing device 71. Discharging part of the gas through the second valve 73 can reduce the resistance to gas discharge in pipe B1 131, thereby increasing the vacuum suction of the intermediate pipe 12 and the first sub-pipe 11, and thus increasing the transmission power of the conveying pipe 1. In addition, it can also reduce the amount of air blown directly from the second pick-and-place tube head 5, avoiding damage to the equipment at one end of the receiving sample tube.

[0101] The second buffer commutator 71 is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The second buffer commutator 71 is also configured to connect to the B1 pipe 131 so that the sample tube can be transferred into the B1 pipe 131 when the B1 pipe 131 is under negative pressure, and to slowly receive the sample tube located in the B1 pipe 131 when the B1 pipe 131 is under positive pressure. The second buffer commutator 71 is also configured to connect the B2 pipe 132 and the second auxiliary pipe 72 so that the sample tube located in the B2 pipe 132 can be received when the second auxiliary pipe 72 is under negative pressure, and to transfer the sample tube into the B2 pipe 132 when the second auxiliary pipe 72 is under positive pressure.

[0102] When the A1 pipe 111 is under negative pressure, the first auxiliary pipe 62 is also under negative pressure. When the first buffer reversing device 61 connects the first auxiliary pipe 62 to the A2 pipe 112, under the negative pressure suction of the first auxiliary pipe 62, the sample tube can be sucked into the A2 pipe 112 by the first pick-and-place head 4 and enter the first buffer reversing device 61 for temporary storage. When the first buffer reversing device 61 is connected to the A1 pipe 111, under the negative pressure of the A1 pipe 111, the sample tube in the first buffer reversing device 61 enters the A1 pipe 111 and can continue to be transported towards the second sub-pipe 13.

[0103] When the B1 pipe 131 is under positive pressure, and the second buffer reversing device 71 is connected to the B1 pipe 131, the airflow near the second buffer reversing device 71 is weakened because some of the positive pressure airflow has been discharged through the second valve 73. This reduces the transmission speed of the sample tube entering the second buffer reversing device 71, allowing the sample tube to be received slowly and buffered in the second buffer reversing device 71. When the second buffer reversing device 71 connects the second auxiliary pipe 72 to the B2 pipe 132, the B1 pipe 131 is under positive pressure, and the second auxiliary pipe 72 is also under slight positive pressure. At this time, under the action of the slightly positive pressure airflow in the second auxiliary pipe 72, the sample tube in the second buffer reversing device 71 is blown into the B2 pipe 132, and the sample tube continues to move slowly until it is output from the second pick-and-place head 5.

[0104] With the above-described configuration, when the sample tube is transferred from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the second pick-and-place head 5, the buffering and deceleration effect of the second buffer mechanism 7 when receiving the sample tube can be improved, thereby protecting the sample tube from damage. In addition, when the sample tube is transferred from the second pick-and-place head 5 to the first pick-and-place head 4, the sample tube can be effectively picked up and transported, ensuring the accuracy of the transport.

[0105] It should be noted that although the second buffer mechanism 7 is configured as a second buffer reversing device 71, a second auxiliary pipe 72, a second valve 73, and a second connecting member 74 in the above embodiments, this should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In practical applications, as long as the second buffer mechanism 7 can buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the second pick-up and drop-off head 5, it is sufficient. Those skilled in the art can also configure the second buffer mechanism 7 with other structures. For example, the second buffer mechanism 7 can be configured as an exhaust pipe installed on the second sub-pipe 13, with the exhaust pipe located close to the second pick-up and drop-off head 5. Such adjustments and changes to the specific structure of the second buffer mechanism 7 do not deviate from the basic principles of the present invention and should all be limited to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0106] Of course, it is preferable to set the second buffer mechanism 7 as a structure consisting of the second buffer reversing device 71, the second auxiliary pipe 72, the second valve 73, and the second connecting piece 74. This configuration provides better buffering effect and can control the delivery status of the sample tube and the timing of the sample tube output.

[0107] It should also be noted that the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the second valve 73, as long as the second valve 73 can discharge the compressed gas entering the second auxiliary pipe 72. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure of the second valve 73 according to actual needs.

[0108] In one embodiment, the second valve 73 is a second check valve, which is configured to allow gas in the second auxiliary pipe 72 to enter the external environment and to block gas in the external environment from entering the second auxiliary pipe 72.

[0109] In another embodiment, the second valve 73 is a second solenoid valve. When the second auxiliary pipeline 72 is under positive pressure, the second solenoid valve opens to connect the second auxiliary pipeline 72 to the external environment. When the second auxiliary pipeline 72 is under negative pressure, the second solenoid valve closes to disconnect the second auxiliary pipeline 72 from the external environment.

[0110] Preferably, the structure of the second buffer commutator 71 is the same as that of the first buffer commutator 61. The first interface 6111 of the second buffer commutator 71 is connected to the B1 pipe 131, the third interface 6113 of the second buffer commutator 71 is connected to the B2 pipe 132, and the fourth interface 6114 of the second buffer commutator 71 is connected to the second auxiliary pipe 72.

[0111] Example 3

[0112] Please see Figure 11 The pneumatic transmission system of this embodiment further includes a branch conveying mechanism 8 and a circuit breaker 9, based on the pneumatic transmission system of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 described above.

[0113] The branch conveying mechanism 8 includes a branch pipe 81 and a third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82 and a third pick-and-place head 83 installed on the branch pipe 81. The third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82 is located close to the third pick-and-place head 83 and divides the branch pipe 81 into a connecting pipe 811 and a third sub-pipe 812. The third pick-and-place head 83 is located at the end of the third sub-pipe 812 away from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82.

[0114] The third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82 is provided with a third air inlet, a third positive pressure end and a third negative pressure end. The third air inlet is connected to the air source through the third air inlet pipe. The third positive pressure end is connected to the third sub-pipe 812 and the third negative pressure end is connected to the connecting pipe 811. This allows positive pressure to be formed in the third sub-pipe 812 and negative pressure to be formed in the connecting pipe 811 when compressed gas is introduced into the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82, thereby enabling the sample tube to be output from the third pick-and-place head 83.

[0115] The switch 9 is installed on the intermediate pipe 12. The switch 9 divides the intermediate pipe 12 into pipe C1 121 and pipe C2 122. Pipe C1 121 is connected to the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor 2, and pipe C2 122 is connected to the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor 3. The end of the connecting pipe 811 away from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82 is connected to the switch 9. The switch 9 is configured to selectively connect pipe C1 121 to pipe C2 122 or connecting pipe 811.

[0116] When a sample tube is fed from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the second pick-and-place head 5 or from the second pick-and-place head 5 to the first pick-and-place head 4, the switch 9 connects pipe C1 121 to pipe C2 122; when a sample tube is fed from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the third pick-and-place head 83 or from the third pick-and-place head 83 to the first pick-and-place head 4, the switch 9 connects pipe C1 121 to connecting pipe 811.

[0117] This configuration allows the sample tube to be transported in a different direction via the switch 9, enabling the pneumatic transport system of this invention to achieve both point-to-point and point-to-point transport.

[0118] Preferably, please continue reading. Figure 11 The branch conveying mechanism 8 also includes a third buffer mechanism 84 installed on the third sub-pipeline 812. The third buffer mechanism 84 is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube conveyed to the third pick-and-place head 83 so that the sample tube is slowly output through the third pick-and-place head 83.

[0119] This configuration allows the sample tube to be slowly passed through the third pick-and-place head 83 and output when the sample tube is being transported from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the third pick-and-place head 83, ensuring the safety of the sample tube and preventing damage to the sample tube during the material delivery process, thereby protecting the safety of the sample inside the sample tube.

[0120] Preferably, please continue reading. Figure 11The third buffer mechanism 84 includes a third buffer reversing device 841, a third auxiliary pipe 842, a fourth valve 843, and a third connector 844. The inner diameter of the third auxiliary pipe 842 is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube, which can prevent the sample tube from entering the third auxiliary pipe 842 and deviating from the conveying direction.

[0121] The third buffer reversing device 841 is installed on the third sub-pipe 812 and is located between the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor 82 and the third pick-and-place head 83. The third buffer reversing device 841 divides the third sub-pipe 812 into pipe D1 8121 and pipe D2 8122. The third auxiliary pipe 842 is connected to the third buffer reversing device 841. The third auxiliary pipe 842 and pipe D1 8121 are connected through the third connector 844 (e.g., connecting pipe or connecting valve). The fourth valve 843 is installed at the end of the third auxiliary pipe 842 away from the third buffer reversing device 841. The fourth valve 843 is configured to connect and disconnect the third auxiliary pipe 842 from the external environment so that some gas in pipe D1 8121 can enter the third auxiliary pipe 842 through the third connector 844 and be discharged through the fourth valve 843.

[0122] The third buffer commutator 841 is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The third buffer commutator 841 is also configured to connect to the D1 pipe 8121 so that the sample tube can be transferred into the D1 pipe 8121 when the D1 pipe 8121 is under negative pressure, and to slowly receive the sample tube located in the D1 pipe 8121 when the D1 pipe 8121 is under positive pressure. The third buffer commutator 841 is also configured to connect the D2 pipe 8122 and the third auxiliary pipe 842 so that the sample tube located in the D2 pipe 8122 can be received when the third auxiliary pipe 842 is under negative pressure, and to transfer the sample tube into the D2 pipe 8122 when the third auxiliary pipe 842 is under positive pressure.

[0123] When the D1 pipe 8121 is under negative pressure, the third auxiliary pipe 842 is also under negative pressure. When the third buffer reversing device 841 connects the third auxiliary pipe 842 to the D2 pipe 8122, under the negative pressure suction of the third auxiliary pipe 842, the sample tube can be sucked into the D2 pipe 8122 by the third pick-and-place head 83 and enter the third buffer reversing device 841 for temporary storage. When the third buffer reversing device 841 is connected to the D1 pipe 8121, under the negative pressure of the D1 pipe 8121, the sample tube in the third buffer reversing device 841 enters the D1 pipe 8121 and can continue to be transported towards the first sub-pipe 11.

[0124] When the D1 pipe 8121 is under positive pressure, and the third buffer commutator 841 is connected to the D1 pipe 8121, the airflow near the third buffer commutator 841 is weakened because some of the positive pressure airflow has been discharged through the fourth valve 843. This reduces the transmission speed of the sample tube entering the third buffer commutator 841, allowing the sample tube to be received slowly and buffered within the third buffer commutator 841. When the third buffer commutator 841 connects the third auxiliary pipe 842 to the D2 pipe 8122, the D1 pipe 8121 is under positive pressure, and the third auxiliary pipe 842 is also under slight positive pressure. At this time, under the action of the slightly positive pressure airflow in the third auxiliary pipe 842, the sample tube in the third buffer commutator 841 is blown into the D2 pipe 8122, and the sample tube continues to move slowly until it is output from the third pick-and-place head 83.

[0125] With the above-described configuration, when the sample tube is transferred from the first pick-and-place head 4 to the third pick-and-place head 83, the buffering and deceleration effect of the third buffer mechanism 84 when receiving the sample tube can be improved, thereby protecting the sample tube from damage. In addition, when the sample tube is transferred from the third pick-and-place head 83 to the first pick-and-place head 4, the sample tube can be effectively picked up and transported, ensuring the accuracy of the transport.

[0126] Preferably, the structure of the third buffer commutator 841 is the same as that of the third buffer commutator 841. The first interface 6111 of the third buffer commutator 841 is connected to the D1 pipe 8121, the third interface 6113 of the third buffer commutator 841 is connected to the D2 pipe 8122, and the fourth interface 6114 of the third buffer commutator 841 is connected to the third auxiliary pipe 842.

[0127] Preferably, there are multiple branch conveying mechanisms 8, and the number of circuit breakers 9 is the same as the number of branch conveying mechanisms 8, with one branch conveying mechanism 8 corresponding to one circuit breaker 9.

[0128] By setting multiple branch conveying mechanisms 8, one-to-many and many-to-one conveying can be achieved, enabling unlimited expansion of the sample library. Furthermore, the sample conveying is not limited by the location of the sample library, thus improving the convenience of application.

[0129] In one embodiment, there are two branch conveying mechanisms 8, each of which is connected to the intermediate pipeline 12 via a switch 9.

[0130] In another embodiment, there are two branch conveying mechanisms 8, wherein the first branch conveying mechanism 8 is connected to the intermediate pipe 12 via a switch 9, and the second branch conveying mechanism 8 is connected to the branch pipe 81 of the first branch conveying mechanism 8 via a switch 9.

[0131] Both branch conveying mechanisms 8 can be connected to the intermediate pipe 12, or one of them can be connected to the intermediate pipe 12 and the other branch conveying mechanism 8 can be connected to the first branch conveying mechanism 8, so as to reduce the difficulty of distribution and make it easier to assemble and use.

[0132] It should be noted that the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the switch 9. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure of the switch 9 according to actual needs.

[0133] For example, the circuit breaker 9 includes a circuit breaker housing and a circuit breaker valve body disposed within the circuit breaker housing. The circuit breaker housing is provided with a first circuit breaker interface, a second circuit breaker interface, and a third circuit breaker interface. The circuit breaker valve body is provided with a circuit breaker channel for the sample tube to pass through. The circuit breaker valve body is rotatable relative to the circuit breaker housing. One end of the circuit breaker channel is connected to the first circuit breaker interface, and during the rotation of the circuit breaker valve body relative to the circuit breaker housing, the other end of the circuit breaker channel can be connected to the second circuit breaker interface or the third circuit breaker interface, thereby realizing the connection of the first circuit breaker interface with the second circuit breaker interface or the connection of the first circuit breaker interface with the third circuit breaker interface, thereby switching the conveying route.

[0134] Furthermore, the pneumatic transmission system of the present invention also includes a controller configured to execute the control method of the present invention.

[0135] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a pneumatic transmission system, which can better control the transmission of sample tubes in the pneumatic transmission system.

[0136] The control method for pneumatic transmission systems of the present invention will be described in detail below through several specific embodiments.

[0137] Example 1

[0138] The control method of this embodiment is applicable to the pneumatic transmission system in Embodiment 1 above.

[0139] Specifically, please refer to Figure 12 The control method for a pneumatic transmission system in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0140] S1: Obtain the transport direction of the sample tube.

[0141] For example, the information input into the control panel is obtained by the control panel input receiver and transmitter, thereby determining the transport direction of the sample tube.

[0142] S2: Depending on the conveying direction, compressed gas is selectively introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0143] The control method of the present invention obtains the transport direction of the sample tube and selectively introduces compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor according to the transport direction, so as to match the provided transmission power with the transport direction, thereby better controlling the transport of the sample tube.

[0144] In one embodiment, step S2, "selectively introducing compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor according to the conveying direction," specifically includes:

[0145] S21: Determine whether the conveying direction is from the first pick-up / placement head to the second pick-up / placement head.

[0146] S22: If the judgment result is "yes", then compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0147] S23: If the judgment result is "no", then compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0148] In another embodiment, step S2, "selectively introducing compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor according to the conveying direction," specifically includes:

[0149] S21: Determine whether the conveying direction is from the second pick-and-place head to the first pick-and-place head.

[0150] S22: If the judgment result is "yes", then compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0151] S23: If the judgment result is "no", then compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0152] When the sample tube is being transported from the first pick-and-place head to the second pick-and-place head, compressed gas needs to be introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor so that the sample tube can be sucked into the transport pipeline from the first pick-and-place head; when the sample tube is being transported from the second pick-and-place head to the first pick-and-place head, compressed gas needs to be introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor so that the sample tube can be sucked into the transport pipeline from the second pick-and-place head.

[0153] Example 2

[0154] The control method of this embodiment is applicable to the pneumatic transmission system in Embodiment 2 above.

[0155] Specifically, the pneumatic transmission system of this embodiment further includes a first detection device and a second detection device. The first detection device can detect whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe A1 near the first buffer commutator, the end of pipe A2 near the first buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator. The second detection device can detect whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator, the end of pipe B2 near the second buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator.

[0156] It should be noted that the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the first detection device. As long as the first detection device can detect whether there is a sample tube in the end of pipe A1 near the first buffer commutator, the end of pipe A2 near the first buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator, in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure of the first detection device according to actual needs.

[0157] In one embodiment, the first buffer commutator is transparent, and the first detection device includes a first camera, which is positioned facing the first buffer commutator and is capable of capturing images of the first buffer commutator and a portion of the A2 pipe and a portion of the A1 pipe.

[0158] In another embodiment, the first detection device includes sensor one, sensor two and sensor three. Sensor one can detect whether there is a sample tube in one end of the A1 pipe near the first buffer commutator, sensor two can detect whether there is a sample tube in the valve channel of the first buffer commutator, and sensor three can detect whether there is a sample tube in one end of the A2 pipe near the first buffer commutator.

[0159] It should be noted that the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the second detection device. As long as the second detection device can detect whether there is a sample tube in the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator, the end of pipe B2 near the second buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator, it is acceptable. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the structure of the second detection device according to actual needs.

[0160] In one embodiment, the second buffer commutator is transparent, and the second detection device includes a second camera, which is positioned facing the second buffer commutator and is capable of capturing images of the second buffer commutator and a portion of the B2 pipe and a portion of the B1 pipe.

[0161] In another embodiment, the second detection device includes sensor four, sensor five and sensor six. Sensor four can detect whether there is a sample tube in one end of the B1 pipe near the second buffer commutator, sensor five can detect whether there is a sample tube in the valve channel of the second buffer commutator, and sensor six can detect whether there is a sample tube in one end of the B2 pipe near the second buffer commutator.

[0162] Specifically, please refer to Figure 13 The control method for a pneumatic transmission system in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0163] S1: Obtain the transport direction of the sample tube.

[0164] S2: Determine the first initial state of the first buffer commutator and the second initial state of the second buffer commutator according to the conveying direction, and adjust the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator to the first initial state and the second initial state respectively.

[0165] S3: Depending on the conveying direction, selectively introduce compressed gas into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0166] S4: Real-time acquisition of the first detection result detected by the first detection device and the second detection result detected by the second detection device.

[0167] S5: Adjust the state of the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator according to the conveying direction, the first detection result and the second detection result.

[0168] It should be noted that this invention does not impose any restrictions on the specific execution steps of steps S2, S3, and S5, as long as the sample tube can be transported normally in the target transport direction. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the specific execution steps of steps S2, S3, and S5 according to actual needs. Adjustments and changes to the state and adjustment timing of the first buffer commutator and / or the second buffer commutator and / or the third buffer commutator do not deviate from the basic principles of this invention and should be limited to the protection scope of this invention.

[0169] The following is combined with Figure 14 The specific execution steps of one embodiment of steps S2, S3, and S5 will be described in detail below. Figure 14 This is a flowchart of a control method for transporting sample tubes from the first pick-and-place head to the second pick-and-place head.

[0170] Please see Figure 14 The control method of this implementation specifically includes the following steps:

[0171] S1: The sample tube is transported in the first transport direction, that is, from the first pick-and-place head to the second pick-and-place head.

[0172] S2: Based on the first conveying direction, determine the initial state of the first buffer commutator as state three, the initial state of the second buffer commutator as state three, and adjust the first buffer commutator to state three and the second buffer commutator to state three.

[0173] Set the initial state of the first buffer commutator to state three, disconnect the first auxiliary pipe from the A2 pipe and disconnect the A1 pipe from the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator; set the initial state of the second buffer commutator to state three, disconnect the second auxiliary pipe from the B2 pipe and disconnect the B1 pipe from the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator.

[0174] S3: If the conveying direction is the first conveying direction, then compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor.

[0175] If the conveying direction is from the first pick-and-place head to the second pick-and-place head, then compressed gas needs to be introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor so that the sample tube can move from the first pick-and-place head to the second pick-and-place head.

[0176] S4: Real-time acquisition of the first detection result detected by the first detection device and the second detection result detected by the second detection device.

[0177] S51: Adjust the first buffer commutator to state two.

[0178] Adjust the first buffer reversing device to state two, thereby connecting the first auxiliary pipe to the A2 pipe so that the first auxiliary pipe generates suction to draw the sample tube from the first pick-up and drop-off head and allow the sample tube to enter the valve core channel of the first buffer reversing device.

[0179] S52: Determine whether a sample tube exists in the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator.

[0180] After the first buffer commutator is adjusted to state two, it is determined whether there is a sample tube in the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator, so as to determine whether the sample tube has completely entered the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator, and thus determine the adjustment time of the first buffer commutator.

[0181] S53: If a sample tube is present in the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator, adjust the first buffer commutator to state one.

[0182] If a sample tube is present in the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator, the first buffer commutator is adjusted to state one, and the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator is connected to the A1 pipe so that the sample tube is sucked into the A1 pipe and can continue to be transported toward the second sub-pipe.

[0183] S54: Determine whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator.

[0184] Determine whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator, so as to determine whether the sample tube is being delivered to the position near the second buffer commutator, and thus determine the timing for adjusting the second buffer commutator.

[0185] S55: If a sample tube is present at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator, adjust the second buffer commutator to state one.

[0186] If a sample tube is present at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer reversing device, the second buffer reversing device is adjusted to state one, thereby connecting the valve core channel of the second buffer reversing device with pipe B1. Under the positive pressure of pipe B1, the sample tube can be blown into the valve core channel of the second buffer reversing device, thus facilitating further transport of the sample tube.

[0187] S56: Determine whether a sample tube exists in the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator.

[0188] Determine whether a sample tube exists in the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator, i.e., determine whether the sample tube has entered the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator, in order to determine the adjustment timing of the second buffer commutator.

[0189] S57: If a sample tube is present in the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator, adjust the second buffer commutator to state two until the sample tube is output from the second pick-and-place head.

[0190] If a sample tube is present in the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator, the second buffer commutator is adjusted to state two, connecting the second auxiliary pipe to the B2 pipe. This allows the second auxiliary pipe to blow the sample tube into the B2 pipe, which is then output by the second pick-and-place head.

[0191] It should be noted that steps S51 to S57 are executed sequentially.

[0192] It should be noted that, Figure 14The flowchart of the control method and the execution steps of the above specific embodiments are only steps in the case of conveying from the first pick-and-place tube head toward the second pick-and-place tube opening in the first conveying direction. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. When the conveying direction is changed to a second conveying direction from the second pick-and-place tube opening toward the first pick-and-place tube opening, or when the conveying direction is changed to a third conveying direction from the first pick-and-place tube opening toward the third pick-and-place tube opening, or when the conveying direction is changed to a fourth conveying direction from the third pick-and-place tube opening toward the first pick-and-place tube opening, those skilled in the art can, based on... Figure 14 The steps shown are adaptively adjusted to control the connection direction of the first buffer commutator and / or the second buffer commutator and / or the third buffer commutator to achieve smooth transport of the sample tube. The transport control process of the sample tube between any two of the first pick-up and drop-off ports, the second pick-up and drop-off ports and the third pick-up and drop-off ports implemented based on the structure of the present invention should be limited to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0193] Furthermore, when the pneumatic transmission system of Embodiment 3 is transporting sample tubes, the control method can refer to the control methods described in Embodiments 1 and 2. Before execution, the circuit breaker should be adjusted according to the transport direction so that the circuit breaker connects the two pipes that need to be connected.

[0194] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic transfer system for transferring sample tubes, characterized in that, The pneumatic transmission system includes a delivery pipe and a first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a second pneumatic vacuum conveyor installed on the delivery pipe. The inner diameter of the delivery pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube so that the sample tube can move inside the delivery pipe. The two ends of the delivery pipe are respectively provided with a first pick-and-place head and a second pick-and-place head. The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor divide the conveying pipeline into a first sub-pipeline, an intermediate pipeline, and a second sub-pipeline. The first pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located between the first sub-pipeline and the intermediate pipeline, and the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located between the intermediate pipeline and the second sub-pipeline. The first pick-and-place tube head is located at the end of the first sub-pipeline away from the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, and the second pick-and-place tube head is located at the end of the second sub-pipeline away from the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The positive pressure end and negative pressure end of the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor are respectively connected to the first sub-pipe and the intermediate pipe, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, positive pressure is formed in the first sub-pipe and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe and the second sub-pipe at the same time. The positive pressure end and negative pressure end of the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor are connected to the second sub-pipe and the intermediate pipe, respectively, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor, positive pressure is formed in the second sub-pipe and negative pressure is formed in the intermediate pipe and the first sub-pipe at the same time. The pneumatic transmission system further includes a first buffer mechanism installed on the first sub-pipe. The first buffer mechanism includes a first buffer commutator, a first auxiliary pipe, a first valve, and a first connector. The inner diameter of the first auxiliary pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube. The first buffer commutator is installed on the first sub-pipe and located between the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the first pick-and-place head. The first buffer commutator divides the first sub-pipe into pipe A1 and pipe A2. The first auxiliary pipe is connected to the first buffer commutator. The first auxiliary pipeline is connected to the A1 pipeline through the first connector. The first valve is installed at the end of the first auxiliary pipeline away from the first buffer reversing device. The first valve is configured to connect and disconnect the first auxiliary pipeline from the external environment, so that some gas in the A1 pipeline can enter the first auxiliary pipeline through the first connector and be discharged through the first valve. The first buffer commutator includes a housing and a valve core disposed within the housing. The housing is provided with a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface distributed circumferentially. The first interface and the second interface are coaxially arranged, and the third interface and the fourth interface are coaxially arranged. The first interface is connected to pipe A1, the second interface is connected to the external environment, the third interface is connected to pipe A2, and the fourth interface is connected to a first auxiliary pipe. The inner diameters of the second interface and the fourth interface are both smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube, while the inner diameters of the first interface and the third interface are both larger than the outer diameter of the sample tube.

2. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first buffer mechanism is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the first pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the first pick-and-place head; And / or, the pneumatic transmission system further includes a second buffer mechanism mounted on the second sub-pipe, the second buffer mechanism being configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube delivered to the second pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the second pick-and-place head.

3. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first buffer commutator is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The first buffer commutator is also configured to connect to the A1 pipe so that the sample tube can be transferred into the A1 pipe when the A1 pipe is under negative pressure and to slowly receive the sample tube located in the A1 pipe when the A1 pipe is under positive pressure. The first buffer commutator is also configured to connect the A2 pipe to the first auxiliary pipe so that the sample tube located in the A2 pipe can be received when the first auxiliary pipe is under negative pressure and to transfer the sample tube into the A2 pipe when the first auxiliary pipe is under positive pressure. And / or, The second buffer mechanism includes a second buffer commutator, a second auxiliary pipe, a second valve, and a second connector, wherein the inner diameter of the second auxiliary pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the sample tube; The second buffer commutator is installed on the second sub-pipe and located between the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor and the second pick-and-place head. The second buffer commutator divides the second sub-pipe into pipe B1 and pipe B2. The second auxiliary pipe is connected to the second buffer commutator. The second auxiliary pipeline is connected to the B1 pipeline through the second connector. The second valve is installed at the end of the second auxiliary pipeline away from the second buffer reversing device. The second valve is configured to connect and disconnect the second auxiliary pipeline from the external environment, so that some gas in the B1 pipeline can enter the second auxiliary pipeline through the second connector and be discharged through the second valve. The second buffer commutator is configured to temporarily store the sample tube. The second buffer commutator is also configured to connect to the B1 pipe to transfer the sample tube into the B1 pipe when the B1 pipe is under negative pressure and to slowly receive the sample tube located in the B1 pipe when the B1 pipe is under positive pressure. The second buffer commutator is also configured to connect the B2 pipe to the second auxiliary pipe to receive the sample tube located in the B2 pipe when the second auxiliary pipe is under negative pressure and to transfer the sample tube into the B2 pipe when the second auxiliary pipe is under positive pressure.

4. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve core is rotatable relative to the housing. The valve core is provided with a valve core channel for the sample tube to pass through. During the rotation of the valve core relative to the housing, the first buffer commutator can switch between state one and state two. When the first buffer commutator is in state one, the valve core channel connects the first interface and the second interface. When the first buffer commutator is in state two, the valve core channel connects the third interface and the fourth interface.

5. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the rotation of the valve core relative to the housing, the first buffer commutator can also switch to state three. When the first buffer commutator is in state three, both ends of the valve core channel are blocked by the housing.

6. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the central axis of the first interface and the central axis of the third interface is 30° to 90°.

7. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first buffer commutator further includes a drive unit connected to the valve core, the drive unit being configured to drive the valve core to rotate relative to the housing.

8. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The structure of the second buffer commutator is the same as that of the first buffer commutator. The first interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the B1 pipe, the third interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the B2 pipe, and the fourth interface of the second buffer commutator is connected to the second auxiliary pipe.

9. The pneumatic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The pneumatic transmission system also includes a branch conveying mechanism and a circuit breaker. The branch conveying mechanism includes a branch pipe and a third pneumatic vacuum conveyor and a third pick-and-place head installed on the branch pipe. The third pneumatic vacuum conveyor is located close to the third pick-and-place head and divides the branch pipe into a connecting pipe and a third sub-pipe. The positive pressure end and the negative pressure end of the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor are respectively connected to the third sub-pipe and the connecting pipe, so that when compressed gas is introduced into the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor, a positive pressure is formed in the third sub-pipe and a negative pressure is formed in the connecting pipe at the same time. The third pick-and-place head is located at the end of the third sub-pipe away from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The circuit breaker is installed on the intermediate pipeline, dividing it into pipeline C1 and pipeline C2. Pipeline C1 is connected to the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor, and pipeline C2 is connected to the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor. The end of the connecting pipeline furthest from the third pneumatic vacuum conveyor is connected to the circuit breaker. The switch is configured to selectively connect the C1 pipe to the C2 pipe or the connecting pipe.

10. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The branch conveying mechanism also includes a third buffer mechanism installed on the third sub-pipe. The third buffer mechanism is configured to buffer and decelerate the sample tube conveyed to the third pick-and-place head, so that the sample tube is slowly output through the third pick-and-place head.

11. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of branch conveying mechanisms is multiple, and the number of circuit breakers is the same as the number of branch conveying mechanisms, with one branch conveying mechanism corresponding to one circuit breaker.

12. The pneumatic transmission system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The number of branch conveying mechanisms is two, and each branch conveying mechanism is connected to the intermediate pipeline through a circuit breaker; Alternatively, there may be two branch conveying mechanisms, wherein the first branch conveying mechanism is connected to the intermediate pipeline via a switch, and the second branch conveying mechanism is connected to the branch pipeline of the first branch conveying mechanism via a switch.

13. A control method for a pneumatic transmission system, wherein the pneumatic transmission system is any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The control method includes: Obtain the direction of sample tube delivery; Compressed gas is selectively introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor, depending on the conveying direction.

14. A control method for a pneumatic transmission system, wherein the pneumatic transmission system is the pneumatic transmission system of claim 8, characterized in that, The pneumatic transmission system further includes a first detection device and a second detection device. The first detection device is capable of detecting whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe A1 near the first buffer commutator, the end of pipe A2 near the first buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the first buffer commutator. The second detection device is capable of detecting whether a sample tube exists at the end of pipe B1 near the second buffer commutator, the end of pipe B2 near the second buffer commutator, and the valve core channel of the second buffer commutator. The control method includes: Obtain the direction of sample tube delivery; Based on the conveying direction, determine the first initial state of the first buffer commutator and the second initial state of the second buffer commutator, and adjust the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator to the first initial state and the second initial state, respectively; Compressed gas is selectively introduced into the first pneumatic vacuum conveyor or the second pneumatic vacuum conveyor according to the conveying direction; The first detection result detected by the first detection device and the second detection result detected by the second detection device are acquired in real time. The states of the first buffer commutator and the second buffer commutator are adjusted according to the conveying direction, the first detection result, and the second detection result.

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