Deepwater bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to underwater excavation field, concretely relates to deep water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method, comprising the following steps: S1: positioning construction position, S2: the drilling ship is driven to construction position, drills plum blossom hole at 3.0m*3.0m interval, drilling depth 1.0m / each layer, drills from upstream to downstream when drilling;S3: the grab of grab dredger is replaced by rock drill rod, and the rock drill rod is lifted to a certain height by the loading crane, then the rock drill rod is loosened, and the rock is broken by falling;S4: the rock drill rod on the grab dredger is replaced by grab, to excavate and grab the broken stone, and the grab full of broken stone is lifted to the mud carrier by the crane;S5: according to the excavation layer and the excavation discharge measurement, the excavation elevation is measured;S5a: not reaching the design elevation, S3 is carried out;S5b: reaching the design elevation, completing the foundation pit construction.The present application realizes the function of non-explosive excavation, solves the problems of great construction difficulty, safety and difficult control of excavation quality of traditional deep water foundation blasting excavation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater excavation, specifically to a non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater excavation is a technique for excavating earthwork underwater, widely used in engineering construction in waterways such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Port and waterway projects, primarily constructed of rock, often employ the drill-and-blast method, which involves drilling, charging explosives, and blasting to excavate rock. This method results in significant vibration and energy consumption, and the blasting costs are also high.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114877769A discloses a method for blasting and excavating bedrock on an underwater slope near the coast, and a blasting charge structure. The method uses a positioning device to precisely anchor the drilling vessel at the blasting point. Multiple blasting points are staggered within the blasting area. When the blasting charge structure detonates in the blast hole, the impact loads from adjacent blasting charge structures work together to form a mutually compensating and superimposed stress field. On the one hand, the impact load on the reef layer within the blasting area is relatively uniform, thus avoiding the vibration hazards caused by excessively large shock wave amplitudes at a single blasting point leading to excessive displacement of nearby particles, resulting in better blasting effects. On the other hand, the staggered blasting points can maximize the coverage of the blasting area, thereby reducing the explosive consumption per unit of underwater blasting and lowering blasting construction costs.

[0004] Traditional deep-water foundation construction methods primarily rely on blasting excavation. However, this method suffers from drawbacks such as high construction difficulty, low safety, and inconsistent excavation quality. It also causes damage and impact on the surrounding environment and existing structures. Particularly during bridge construction, when the working space between two bridges is limited, using conventional drill-and-blast methods can harm nearby bridges. According to protected area regulations, blasting is prohibited within 200 meters of existing bridge sites. Furthermore, if the project area has highly developed karst topography and complex geological conditions, using traditional deep-water foundation blasting excavation methods presents significant challenges, making safety and excavation quality control difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, a non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock is provided. This method involves drilling holes using a drilling vessel and then excavating using a rock hammer and grab bucket, thus solving the problems of high construction difficulty, safety concerns, and difficulty in controlling excavation quality associated with traditional deep-water foundation blasting excavation methods.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock, comprising the following steps: S1: Locating the construction location and preparing a drilling vessel, a grab dredger equipped with a crane, and a dredging vessel; S2: Moving the drilling vessel to the construction location and drilling 3.0m×3.0m spacing holes in a staggered pattern within the excavation area, with a drilling depth of 1.0m per layer, drilling from upstream to downstream; S3: Replacing the grab bucket of the grab dredger with... S4: The rock drill rod is lifted to a certain height using a crane, then released, using its gravitational potential energy to smash and break the rock; S5: The rock drill rod on the grab dredger is replaced with a grab bucket to excavate and grab the crushed stone, and the grab bucket full of crushed stone is lifted to the dredging vessel by a crane; S6: The excavation elevation is measured according to the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation; S7a: If the design elevation is not reached, proceed to S3; S8b: If the design elevation is reached, the foundation pit construction is completed.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, the crane on the grab dredger is equipped with a main rope, a first control rope, and a second control rope; the end of the main rope is connected to an installation frame; the end of the first control rope is equipped with a connecting component for connecting to the grab bucket or rock drill rod; the installation frame is equipped with a locking component for fixing the rock drill rod or grab bucket; the installation frame is also equipped with a control component for controlling the opening and closing of the locking component; the second control rope is used to drive the control component.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the grab bucket includes claw bodies and an opening / closing assembly; two claw bodies are provided, and the claw bodies are detachably and rotatably mounted on the mounting frame; the opening / closing assembly includes a first bracket, a vertical plate, and connecting rods; the first bracket is connected to the first control rope via a connecting assembly; the vertical plate is connected to the first bracket; a first hinge seat is installed on the claw body; two connecting rods are provided, the first ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged to the first hinge seats on the two claw bodies, and the second ends of the connecting rods are hinged to the vertical plate; step S3 includes: S3.1: firstly, the locking assembly is released from fixing the first bracket by the control assembly; S3.2: then the connection between the connecting assembly and the first bracket is disconnected; S3.3: the claw body is removed from the mounting frame; S3.4: the first control rope is connected to the rock drill rod via the connecting assembly, and the rock drill rod is fixed by the locking assembly.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, a second hinge seat is also installed on the claw body; an elastic telescopic rod is provided between the two claw bodies, and the two ends of the elastic telescopic rod are respectively hinged to the second hinge seats on the two claw bodies; when the first support moves down, the connecting rod is pushed, and at the same time the elastic telescopic rod extends, and the claw body opens under the action of the pushing force of the connecting rod and the elastic force of the elastic telescopic rod.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, the locking assembly includes a connecting plate, a horizontal plate, a first elastic element, and a locking block; the connecting plate is slidably mounted on the mounting frame; the horizontal plate is mounted on the mounting frame; both ends of the first elastic element are connected to the connecting plate and the horizontal plate respectively; the locking block is disposed on the connecting plate; the first bracket and the rock drill rod are both provided with locking grooves that cooperate with the locking block; when the grab bucket penetrates deep into the gravel, the crane controls the first control rope to rewind, the first control rope pulls the first bracket, and when the locking groove on the first bracket is aligned with the locking block, the locking block is engaged in the locking groove under the elastic force of the first elastic element, thus fixing the first bracket.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the control assembly includes an inclined protrusion, a control block, an extension plate, and a second elastic element; the inclined protrusion is disposed on the connecting plate; the control block is slidably mounted on the mounting frame and connected to the second control rope; the extension plate is connected to the mounting frame; both ends of the second elastic element are connected to the extension plate and the control block, respectively; when replacing the grab bucket with a rock drill rod, the second control rope is first wound up by the crane, the second control rope overcomes the elastic force of the second elastic element to pull up the control block, and after the control block contacts the inclined protrusion, it squeezes the inclined protrusion, overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic element to push the inclined protrusion, the inclined protrusion drives the connecting plate, the connecting plate drives the locking block to move, after the locking block separates from the locking groove, the locking assembly is released from the first bracket, then the connection between the connecting assembly and the first bracket is disconnected, and then the claw body is removed from the mounting frame to complete the disassembly of the grab bucket.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the connecting assembly includes a connecting buckle and a connecting pin; the grab bucket and the rock drill rod are provided with annular hooks that cooperate with the connecting buckle; the connecting pin and the connecting buckle are separable by a threaded connection; when disassembling the grab bucket, first rotate the connecting pin to remove it from the connecting buckle, so that the connecting buckle is separated from the annular hook on the grab bucket, then put the connecting buckle onto the annular hook on the rock drill rod, and then install the connecting pin onto the connecting buckle, so that the connecting pin passes through the annular hook on the rock drill rod.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, GPS is first used to determine the outline of the excavation area, and buoys are set at the boundary.

[0014] Preferably, in steps S2 and S3, after the drilling vessel and the grab dredger move to the construction position, they are both anchored using the figure-eight anchoring method. The figure-eight anchoring method includes the following steps: two anchors are dropped at the bow and stern in a figure-eight shape, with the included angle between the two anchors being approximately 90°. If the water flow velocity is high, a main anchor is dropped on the upstream side for fixation.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, based on the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation, when the excavation is expected to reach the design elevation, the operation is stopped, and a sonic detector is used to scan the riverbed to check the elevation. When the re-measured elevation meets the design requirements, the excavation work is completed.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0017] 1. This invention achieves non-blasting excavation by drilling holes using a drilling vessel followed by excavation with a rock hammer and grab bucket, solving the problems of high construction difficulty, safety concerns, and difficulty in controlling excavation quality associated with traditional deep-water foundation blasting excavation methods. This method is applicable to underwater bedrock excavation in water depths of 10–40 m within prohibited blasting areas, including but not limited to foundation construction for bridges, wharves, and water conservancy projects. In areas with complex geological conditions, such as karst topography or thin riverbed overburden, this method has even greater applicability and advantages.

[0018] 2. The present invention achieves the function of stabilizing the grab bucket and rock drill rod through the main rope, the first control rope, the second control rope, the connecting component, the locking component, and the control component.

[0019] 3. This invention achieves the function of digging and grabbing gravel through the claw body and opening and closing components. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the combination of hoisting rope and rock drill in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cooperation between the hoisting rope and the grab bucket in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process for non-explosive excavation of deep-water bedrock.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a grab bucket used in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the grab bucket opening after the hoisting rope and grab bucket are combined in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the grab bucket used in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation frame, locking components, and control components used in the non-explosive excavation construction method for deep-water bedrock.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the locking components in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first control rope and connecting components in the non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock.

[0030] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Main rope; 11-Mounting frame; 12-Locking assembly; 121-Connecting plate; 122-Horizontal plate; 123-First elastic element; 124-Locking block; 125-Locking groove; 13-Control assembly; 131-Angled protrusion; 132-Control block; 133-Extension plate; 134-Second elastic element; 2-First control rope; 21-Connecting assembly; 211-Connecting buckle; 212-Connecting pin; 213-Ring hook; 3-Second control rope; 4-Grab bucket; 41-Claw body; 411-First hinge seat; 412-Second hinge seat; 413-Bucket teeth; 42-Opening and closing assembly; 421-First bracket; 422-Upright plate; 423-Connecting rod; 43-Elastic telescopic rod; 5-Rock drill rod. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Reference Figures 1-3 The non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock includes the following steps: S1: Locate the construction position and prepare a drilling vessel, a grab bucket dredger equipped with a crane, and a mud transport vessel; S2: Move the drilling vessel to the construction position and drill quincunx holes at 3.0m×3.0m intervals within the construction area of ​​the foundation pit, with a drilling depth of 1.0m per layer, drilling from upstream to downstream;

[0033] S3: Replace the grab bucket 4 of the grab bucket 4 dredger with a rock drill rod 5. Use the onboard crane to lift the rock drill rod 5 to a certain height, then release the rock drill rod 5 and use its gravitational potential energy to smash and break the rock. S4: Replace the rock drill rod 5 of the grab bucket 4 dredger with a grab bucket 4 to excavate and grab the gravel. Use the crane to lift the grab bucket 4, which is full of gravel, onto the dredging vessel. S5: Measure the excavation elevation according to the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation. S5a: If the design elevation is not reached, proceed to S3. S5b: If the design elevation is reached, the foundation pit construction is completed.

[0034] This invention achieves non-blasting excavation by drilling holes using a drilling vessel followed by excavation using a rock drill 5 and a grab bucket 4. This solves the problems of high construction difficulty, safety concerns, and difficulty in controlling excavation quality associated with traditional deep-water foundation blasting excavation methods. This method is applicable to underwater bedrock excavation in water depths of 10–40 m within prohibited blasting areas, including but not limited to foundation construction for bridges, wharves, and water conservancy projects. In areas with complex geological conditions, such as karst topography or thin riverbed overburden, this method has greater applicability and advantages. First, a long-arm bucket dredger, in conjunction with a mud transport vessel, clears the upper layer of gravel covering the riverbed. Then, GPS is used to determine the outline of the excavation area. Next, a drilling vessel carrying a rotary drilling rig drills holes every 3 m along the excavation outline to isolate the excavation area from the surrounding environment and reduce the impact on nearby bridges. Finally, holes are drilled in a staggered pattern at 3.0 m × 3.0 m intervals within the construction area, with the drilling depth controlled at 1.0 m. After drilling is completed, the grab bucket 4 fixed to the crane of the grab bucket 4 dredger is replaced with a 30t rock drill rod 5. The 50t crane on board is used to lift the rock drill rod 5 to a certain height, and the impact force of its downward strike is used to break the rock. The integrity of the underwater bedrock is weakened after drilling, and the bedrock is prone to cracking along the hole surface during the drilling process, thus achieving the purpose of excavating the rock strata. The drilling of the drilling vessel disrupts the integrity of the rock strata, reduces the rock strength, improves the efficiency of subsequent drilling and breaking, and speeds up the excavation of the foundation pit. The rotary drilling rig should be selected with a hole diameter of 0.5-0.8m. If the hole diameter is too large, it is easy for the rock drill rod 5 to jam during drilling. The hole spacing should be 3.0m×3.0m, in a staggered pattern. If the hole spacing is too large, it will not improve the efficiency of drilling and breaking, and if the hole spacing is too small, the efficiency will be too low, affecting the overall excavation efficiency. Before drilling, the working vessel should be anchored in place. In areas with rapid water flow, the anchoring should be strengthened to ensure that the hole is vertical.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In step S3, the crane on the grab bucket 4 dredger is equipped with a main rope 1, a first control rope 2, and a second control rope 3; the end of the main rope 1 is connected to a mounting frame 11; the end of the first control rope 2 is equipped with a connecting component 21 for connecting to the grab bucket 4 or the rock drill 5; the mounting frame 11 is equipped with a locking component 12 for fixing the rock drill 5 or the grab bucket 4; the mounting frame 11 is also equipped with a control component 13 for controlling the opening and closing of the locking component 12; the second control rope 3 is used to drive the control component 13.

[0036] This invention achieves the stability of the grab bucket 4 and the rock drill 5 through the main rope 1, the first control rope 2, the second control rope 3, the connecting component 21, the locking component 12, and the control component 13. During foundation pit excavation, the grab bucket 4, suspended from the crane cable, is used in conjunction with a dredger and a transport vessel to excavate and grab gravel. The grab bucket 4, filled with gravel, is then lifted out of the water by the rotating crane on the dredger and stored on the transport vessel. The rotating crane then returns the grab bucket 4 to the excavation point, where it is used in conjunction with the rock drill 5 for further crushing, initiating the next round of underwater excavation. This cycle is repeated. After a single layer of bedrock is crushed within the designated area, the next layer is crushed until the design elevation is reached. The excavated debris is transported by the transport vessel to the dumping area for unloading. During rock drilling, the rock drill rod 5 is raised using a crane. Then, the first control rope 2 is lowered to a specified length. Next, the second control rope 3 drives the control component 13, releasing the locking component 12 from fixing the rock drill rod 5. The rock drill rod 5 then quickly falls under gravity until it contacts the rock mass, or the second control rope 3 tightens. The locking component 12, by fixing the rock drill rod 5, not only improves its stability during movement but also allows for rapid release of the rock drill rod 5.

[0037] Reference Figures 4-7 In step S3, the grab 4 includes a claw body 41 and an opening / closing assembly 42; two claw bodies 41 are provided, and the claw bodies 41 are detachably and rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 11; the opening / closing assembly 42 includes a first bracket 421, a vertical plate 422, and connecting rods 423; the first bracket 421 is connected to the first control rope 2 through a connecting assembly 21; the vertical plate 422 is connected to the first bracket 421; a first hinge seat 411 is mounted on the claw body 41; two connecting rods 423 are provided, and the first ends of the two connecting rods 423 are... The first hinge seat 411 on each of the two claw bodies 41 is hinged, and the second end of the connecting rod 423 is hinged to the upright plate 422; Step S3 includes: S1: firstly, release the locking component 12 from fixing the first bracket 421 by the control component 13; S2: then disconnect the connection component 21 from the first bracket 421; S3: remove the claw body 41 from the mounting frame 11; S4: the first control rope 2 is connected to the rock drill 5 through the connecting component 21, and the rock drill 5 is fixed by the locking component 12.

[0038] This invention achieves the functions of digging and grabbing gravel through the claw body 41 and the opening and closing component 42. The end of the claw body 41 is equipped with bucket teeth 413. During foundation pit excavation, the grab bucket 4 type dredger and the mud transport vessel work together. Using the grab bucket 4 suspended on the crane cable, the crane releases the main rope 1, the first control rope 2, and the second control rope 3 at the same speed. Under the action of gravity, the grab bucket 4 moves downward and extends into the water to a certain depth. The operator then controls the second control rope 3 independently through the crane, which in turn drives the control component 13 to release the locking component 12 from the first grab bucket. The first support 421 is fixed, and the first control rope 2 is released by the crane. Under the action of gravity, the first support 421 drives the upright plate 422 to move down. The upright plate 422 pushes the claw body 41 through the connecting rod 423, controlling the two claw bodies 41 to open. Then, the bucket teeth 413 cut into the gravel layer. Then, the first support 421 is pulled up by the first control rope 2 and fixed by the locking component 12, thereby preventing the gravel from falling after the grab bucket 4 is closed and stably grabbing the gravel.

[0039] Reference Figures 4-7 In step S4, a second hinge seat 412 is also installed on the claw body 41; an elastic telescopic rod 43 is provided between the two claw bodies 41, and the two ends of the elastic telescopic rod 43 are respectively hinged to the second hinge seat 412 on the two claw bodies 41; when the first support 421 moves down, it pushes the connecting rod 423, and at the same time the elastic telescopic rod 43 extends, and the claw body 41 opens under the action of the pushing force of the connecting rod 423 and the elastic force of the elastic telescopic rod 43.

[0040] This invention achieves the function of controlling the opening of the claw body 41 through the second hinge seat 412 and the elastic telescopic rod 43. The elastic telescopic rod 43 can be a pneumatic spring rod or a hydraulic spring rod, preferably a hydraulic spring rod. When grabbing gravel with the grab bucket 4, the main rope 1, the first control rope 2 and the second control rope 3 are released at the same speed by the crane. The grab bucket 4 moves down under the action of gravity and extends into the water to a certain depth. The operator controls the second control rope 3 separately through the crane, and then drives the control component 13 through the second control rope 3 to release the locking component 12 from fixing the first support 421. At the same time, the first control rope 2 is released by the crane. Under the action of gravity, the first support 421 drives the upright plate 422 to move down. The upright plate 422 pushes the claw body 41 through the connecting rod 423. At the same time, the elastic telescopic rod 43 extends under the action of elasticity, thereby controlling the two claw bodies 41 to open. Then, the bucket teeth 413 cut into the gravel layer and close the grab bucket 4 to dig and grab gravel. When the claw 41 opens by gravity alone, it cannot open completely. Furthermore, it cannot open smoothly if it is obstructed by water pressure or gas. Therefore, an elastic telescopic rod 43 is provided. When the claw 41 is no longer restricted by the push of the connecting rod 423, the claw 41 can open by itself.

[0041] Reference Figures 6-9 In step S4, the locking assembly 12 includes a connecting plate 121, a horizontal plate 122, a first elastic element 123, and a locking block 124. The connecting plate 121 is slidably mounted on the mounting frame 11. The horizontal plate 122 is mounted on the mounting frame 11. The two ends of the first elastic element 123 are connected to the connecting plate 121 and the horizontal plate 122, respectively. The locking block 124 is disposed on the connecting plate 121. The first bracket 421 and the rock drill 5 are both provided with locking grooves 125 that cooperate with the locking block 124. When the grab bucket 4 penetrates into the gravel, the crane controls the first control rope 2 to rewind. The first control rope 2 pulls the first bracket 421. When the locking groove 125 on the first bracket 421 is aligned with the locking block 124, the locking block 124 is engaged in the locking groove 125 under the elastic force of the first elastic element 123, thus fixing the first bracket 421.

[0042] This invention achieves the function of fixing the grab bucket 4 or rock drill rod 5 through the connecting plate 121, the horizontal plate 122, the first elastic element 123, the locking block 124, and the locking groove 125. The locking block 124 has an inclined surface. During foundation pit excavation, the grab bucket 4 is used in conjunction with a dredger and a mud transport vessel. The grab bucket 4, suspended on the crane cable, is released by the crane at the same speed along the main rope 1, the first control rope 2, and the second control rope 3. Under gravity, the grab bucket 4 moves downwards and extends into the water to a certain depth. The operator then controls the second control rope 3 separately through the crane, which in turn drives the control component 13. The control component 13 overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic element 123 to control the locking block 124 to move away from the locking groove 125. After the locking block 124 separates from the locking groove 125, the locking component 12 releases the fixation of the first support 421. Then, the first control rope 2 is released by the crane. Under the action of gravity, the first support 421 drives the vertical plate 422 to move down. The vertical plate 422 pushes the claw body 41 through the connecting rod 423, controlling the two claw bodies 41 to open. Then, the bucket teeth 413 cut into the gravel layer. Then, the first support 421 is pulled up by the first control rope 2. During the lifting process, the first support 421 contacts the locking block 124 and squeezes the inclined surface of the locking block 124 until the locking block 124 is aligned with the locking groove 125. Under the elastic force of the first elastic element 123, the locking block 124 is inserted into the locking groove 125, fixing the first support 421, thereby preventing the gravel from falling after the grab bucket 4 is closed, and stably grabbing the gravel.

[0043] Reference Figures 6-9In step S3, the control assembly 13 includes an inclined protrusion 131, a control block 132, an extension plate 133, and a second elastic element 134. The inclined protrusion 131 is disposed on the connecting plate 121. The control block 132 is slidably mounted on the mounting frame 11 and is connected to the second control rope 3. The extension plate 133 is connected to the mounting frame 11. The two ends of the second elastic element 134 are respectively connected to the extension plate 133 and the control block 132. When replacing the grab bucket 4 with the rock drill rod 5, the second control rope 3 is first wound up by the crane, and the second control rope 3 overcomes the second elastic element. The elastic force of 134 pulls up the control block 132. After the control block 132 contacts the inclined protrusion 131, it squeezes the inclined protrusion 131, overcoming the elastic force of the first elastic element 123 and pushing the inclined protrusion 131. The inclined protrusion 131 drives the connecting plate 121, and the connecting plate 121 drives the locking block 124 to move. After the locking block 124 separates from the locking groove 125, the locking assembly 12 releases the fixation of the first bracket 421. Then the connection between the connecting assembly 21 and the first bracket 421 is disconnected. Then the claw body 41 is removed from the mounting frame 11, and the disassembly of the grab bucket 4 is completed.

[0044] This invention achieves the function of controlling the opening and closing of the locking assembly 12 through the inclined protrusion 131, control block 132, extension plate 133, and second elastic element 134. When grabbing gravel, the operator controls the second control rope 3 separately via the crane. The second control rope 3 overcomes the elastic force of the second elastic element 134 to pull up the control block 132. After the control block 132 contacts the inclined protrusion 131, it squeezes the inclined protrusion 131, overcoming the elastic force of the first elastic element 123 to push the inclined protrusion 131. The inclined protrusion 131 drives the connecting plate 121, which in turn drives the locking block 124 to move. After the locking block 124 separates from the locking groove 125, the locking assembly 12 releases the fixation of the first support 421. Simultaneously, the first control rope 2 is released via the crane. Under the action of gravity, the first support... The frame 421 drives the upright plate 422 to move downward. The upright plate 422 pushes the claw body 41 through the connecting rod 423, controlling the two claw bodies 41 to open. Then, the bucket teeth 413 cut into the gravel layer. Then, the first support 421 is pulled up through the first control rope 2. During the lifting process, the first support 421 contacts the locking block 124 and squeezes the inclined surface of the locking block 124 until the locking block 124 is aligned with the locking groove 125. Under the elastic force of the first elastic element 123, the locking block 124 is inserted into the locking groove 125, fixing the first support 421, thereby preventing the gravel from falling after the grab bucket 4 is closed, and stably grabbing the gravel.

[0045] Reference Figure 10In step S3, the connecting assembly 21 includes a connecting buckle 211 and a connecting pin 212; the grab bucket 4 and the rock drill 5 are provided with annular hooks 213 that cooperate with the connecting buckle 211; the connecting pin 212 and the connecting buckle 211 are separable by a threaded connection; when disassembling the grab bucket 4, first rotate the connecting pin 212 to remove the connecting pin 212 from the connecting buckle 211, so that the connecting buckle 211 is separated from the annular hook 213 on the grab bucket 4, then put the connecting buckle 211 onto the annular hook 213 on the rock drill 5, and then install the connecting pin 212 onto the connecting buckle 211, while making the connecting pin 212 pass through the annular hook 213 on the rock drill 5.

[0046] This invention achieves the function of installing the grab bucket 4 or the rock drill rod 5 through the connecting buckle 211, the connecting pin 212, and the ring hook 213. The ring hook 213 on the grab bucket 4 is located on the first bracket 421, and the connecting buckle 211 is inverted "U" shape. In step S3, the locking component 12 is first released from the grab bucket 4 by the control component 13, and then the connecting pin 212 is rotated to disconnect the connection between the connecting pin 212 and the ring hook 213 on the first bracket 421 of the grab bucket 4. Then, the claw body 41 is removed from the mounting frame 11. The claw body 41 and the mounting frame 11 are rotatably connected by a rotating shaft and a bearing. The rotating shaft is installed on the mounting frame 11 by bolts, thereby facilitating and stably installing the claw body 41. After removing the claw body 41, put the connecting buckle 211 on the ring hook 213 on the rock drill 5, so that the two ends of the connecting buckle 211 are located on both sides of the ring hook 213 on the rock drill 5. Then, pass the connecting pin 212 through one side of the connecting buckle 211 and through the ring hook 213. Then rotate the connecting pin 212 to make the connecting pin 212 and the connecting buckle 211 threadedly fastened.

[0047] Reference Figures 1-3 In step S1, GPS is first used to determine the outline of the excavation area, and buoys are set at the boundary.

[0048] Before construction, a thorough verification survey of the elevation control network and the horizontal coordinate control network should be conducted, and denser control stakes should be laid out. Using the survey control network, GPS should be used to pave out the scope of the channel dredging and main pier excavation area in the bridge site area, and buoys should be set up at the boundaries for indication. Strict adherence to surveying procedures is required, along with rigorous inspection and verification systems, and regular instrument calibration. Survey results should be communicated in writing and handed over on-site, and monitoring and correction should be strengthened during construction. When using GPS to pave the excavation area outline, after the horizontal control network verification is completed, CPⅡ control points should be selected as benchmarks to set up base stations, ensuring good receiver signal and no obstructions in the survey area. When using GPS for pavement on a ship, reference points must be established, and the ship must remain relatively stationary with respect to the reference points to avoid point displacement during the pavement process.

[0049] Reference Figures 1-3In steps S2 and S3, after the drilling vessel and the grab bucket dredger move to the construction position, they are both anchored using the figure-eight anchoring method. The figure-eight anchoring method includes the following steps: two anchors are dropped at the bow and stern in a figure-eight shape, with the included angle between the two anchors being approximately 90°. If the water flow velocity is high, a main anchor is dropped on the upstream side for fixation.

[0050] Reference Figures 1-3 In step S5, based on the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation, work is stopped when the expected excavation level is reached. A sonic detector is used to scan the riverbed and verify the elevation. When the re-measured elevation meets the design requirements, the excavation work is completed.

[0051] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Locate the construction site and prepare the drilling vessel, the grab dredger equipped with a crane, and the mud transport vessel. S2: Drive the drilling vessel to the construction location and drill quincunx holes at 3.0m×3.0m intervals within the construction area of ​​the foundation pit, with a drilling depth of 1.0m per layer, drilling from upstream to downstream; S3: Replace the grab bucket (4) of the grab dredger with a rock drill rod (5), use the crane on the load to lift the rock drill rod (5) to a certain height, release the rock drill rod (5), and use its gravitational potential energy to smash and break the rock. S4: Replace the rock drill rod (5) on the grab dredger with the grab bucket (4) to excavate and grab the gravel, and lift the grab bucket (4) filled with gravel to the mud transport vessel by the crane. S5: Measure the excavation elevation based on the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation. S5a: The design elevation has not been reached, proceed with step S3; S5b: Reach the design elevation and complete the foundation pit construction; In step S3, the crane on the grab dredger is equipped with a main rope (1), a first control rope (2), and a second control rope (3); the end of the main rope (1) is connected to an installation frame (11); The end of the first control rope (2) is provided with a connecting assembly (21) for connecting with the grab bucket (4) or the rock drill (5); The mounting frame (11) is provided with a locking assembly (12) for fixing the rock drill rod (5) or the grab bucket (4); The mounting bracket (11) is also provided with a control component (13) for controlling the opening and closing of the locking component (12); The second control rope (3) is used to drive the control assembly (13); In step S3, the grab (4) includes a claw body (41) and an opening and closing assembly (42); Two claw bodies (41) are provided, and the claw bodies (41) are detachably and rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket (11); The opening and closing assembly (42) includes a first bracket (421), a vertical plate (422), and a connecting rod (423); The first bracket (421) is connected to the first control rope (2) via a connecting assembly (21); The upright plate (422) is connected to the first bracket (421); A first hinge seat (411) is installed on the claw body (41); There are two connecting rods (423). The first ends of the two connecting rods (423) are respectively hinged to the first hinge seats (411) on the two claw bodies (41), and the second ends of the connecting rods (423) are hinged to the upright plate (422). In step S4, the locking assembly (12) includes a connecting plate (121), a horizontal plate (122), a first elastic element (123), and a locking block (124); The connecting plate (121) is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket (11); The horizontal plate (122) is mounted on the mounting bracket (11); The two ends of the first elastic member (123) are respectively connected to the connecting plate (121) and the cross plate (122); The locking block (124) is disposed on the connecting plate (121); Both the first bracket (421) and the rock drill (5) are provided with locking grooves (125) that cooperate with the locking block (124); In step S3, the control component (13) includes an oblique protrusion (131), a control block (132), an extension plate (133), and a second elastic element (134). The oblique protrusion (131) is disposed on the connecting plate (121); The control block (132) is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket (11), and the control block (132) is connected to the second control rope (3); The extension plate (133) is connected to the mounting bracket (11); The two ends of the second elastic member (134) are connected to the extension plate (133) and the control block (132), respectively.

2. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S3 step includes: S3.1: First, the control component (13) releases the locking component (12) from fixing the first bracket (421); S3.2: Then disconnect the connection between the connecting assembly (21) and the first bracket (421); S3.3: Remove the claw body (41) from the mounting bracket (11); S3.4: The first control rope (2) is connected to the rock drill (5) through the connecting assembly (21) and the rock drill (5) is fixed by the locking assembly (12).

3. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, a second hinge seat (412) is also installed on the claw body (41); An elastic telescopic rod (43) is provided between the two claw bodies (41), and the two ends of the elastic telescopic rod (43) are respectively hinged to the second hinge seat (412) on the two claw bodies (41); When the first support (421) moves down, it pushes the connecting rod (423), and at the same time the elastic telescopic rod (43) extends, and the claw (41) opens under the action of the thrust of the connecting rod (423) and the elastic force of the elastic telescopic rod (43).

4. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the grab bucket (4) goes deep into the gravel, the crane controls the first control rope (2) to rewind. The first control rope (2) pulls the first bracket (421). When the locking groove (125) on the first bracket (421) is aligned with the locking block (124), the locking block (124) is engaged in the locking groove (125) under the elastic force of the first elastic member (123), thus fixing the first bracket (421).

5. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When replacing the grab bucket (4) with the rock drill rod (5), the second control rope (3) is first wound up by the crane. The second control rope (3) overcomes the elastic force of the second elastic element (134) to pull up the control block (132). After the control block (132) contacts the inclined protrusion (131), it squeezes the inclined protrusion (131) and overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic element (123) to push the inclined protrusion (131). (131) Drive the connecting plate (121), and the connecting plate (121) drives the locking block (124) to move. After the locking block (124) separates from the locking groove (125), release the locking assembly (12) from the first bracket (421), then disconnect the connection between the connecting assembly (21) and the first bracket (421), and then remove the claw body (41) from the mounting frame (11) to complete the disassembly of the grab bucket (4).

6. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the connecting assembly (21) includes a connecting buckle (211) and a connecting pin (212); The grab bucket (4) and the rock drill rod (5) are provided with annular hooks (213) that cooperate with the connecting buckle (211); The connecting pin (212) and the connecting buckle (211) are separable threaded connections; When disassembling the grab (4), first rotate the connecting pin (212) to remove the connecting pin (212) from the connecting buckle (211), so that the connecting buckle (211) is separated from the ring hook (213) on the grab (4). Then, put the connecting buckle (211) onto the ring hook (213) on the rock drill (5). Then, install the connecting pin (212) onto the connecting buckle (211), while making the connecting pin (212) pass through the ring hook (213) on the rock drill (5).

7. The deep-water bedrock non-explosive excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, GPS is first used to determine the outline of the excavation area, and buoys are set at the boundary.

8. The non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps S2 and S3, after the drilling vessel and the grab dredger are moved to the construction position, they are anchored using the figure-eight anchoring method. The figure-eight anchoring method includes the following steps: two anchors are dropped at the bow and stern in a figure-eight shape, with the included angle between the two anchors being approximately 90°. If the water flow velocity is high, a main anchor is dropped on the upstream side for fixation.

9. The non-explosive excavation method for deep-water bedrock excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, based on the number of excavation layers and the amount of excavation, work is stopped when the expected excavation level is reached. A sonic detector is used to scan the riverbed and verify the elevation. When the re-measured elevation meets the design requirements, the excavation work is completed.

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