A variable-diameter cutter head for a shaft reamer and a shaft reamer

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-diameter cutter head for a vertical shaft reamer, which comprises a conical base cutter head, a plurality of variable-diameter cutter plates and a variable-diameter mechanism, the tail end of the base cutter head is used for coaxial connection with a driving shaft of a tunneling machine, a synchronous rotating drum is coaxially connected with the tail end of the base cutter head and is sleeved on the driving shaft of the tunneling machine; all the variable-diameter cutter plates are annularly and uniformly arranged outside the synchronous rotating drum to form the variable-diameter cutter head, the variable-diameter cutter plates are in the shape of right-angled triangular plates, the variable-diameter cutter plates are hinged to the outer sidewall of the synchronous rotating drum through a right-angled edge and a hinge shaft, the hinge shaft is parallel to the axis of the synchronous rotating drum, the plane where the inclined edge of the variable-diameter cutter plate is located is connected with the conical surface of the base cutter head to form a tunneling surface, and the tunneling surface is provided with a plurality of rolling cutters; the variable-diameter mechanism can synchronously and uniformly rotate all the variable-diameter cutter plates by the same angle along the corresponding hinge shafts, so that the diameter and the taper of the variable-diameter cutter head are changed. The variable-diameter cutter head can solve the problem that the existing variable-diameter cutter head has poor structural continuity of the tunneling surface and is prone to cutter jamming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology, and more specifically to a variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine and a shaft reaming machine. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines are machines used to excavate tunnels in flat ground. They include full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines, shield tunneling machines, and shaft boring machines. In shaft boring machine construction, a small-diameter pilot hole is usually drilled vertically first, and then a large-diameter tunnel boring machine or drilling rig is used to enlarge the hole.

[0003] Existing tunneling machine cutterheads are generally designed to adapt to the excavation size required for specific shafts, and cannot be used for shafts with other excavation sizes. Furthermore, during the hole enlargement process, there may be situations where the local hole diameter is wider than the preset excavation size, or situations where it is necessary to change the enlarged hole diameter during the hole enlargement process.

[0004] To address the above issues, technicians in the field have made various improvements to the cutterhead based on existing technologies to enable it to change diameter. However, the general approach to these improvements is to add an additional cutter head that can extend and retract radially to the original cutterhead. This not only results in a small range of diameter changes, but also, because the taper of the base cutterhead remains constant, the extended cutter head appears structurally abrupt, leading to a lack of structural continuity at the tunneling face and a tendency for the cutter head to jam. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a variable diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming machine, which solves the problem of poor continuity of the excavation face structure and easy tool jamming of existing variable diameter cutterheads.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A variable-diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming tunneling machine includes: a conical base cutterhead, the tail end of which is coaxially connected to the drive shaft of the tunneling machine; a synchronous rotating drum coaxially connected to the tail end of the base cutterhead, the synchronous rotating drum being fitted around the drive shaft of the tunneling machine; and multiple variable-diameter cutter plates, all of which are evenly arranged in a ring around the synchronous rotating drum to form a variable-diameter cutterhead. Each variable-diameter cutter plate is shaped like a right-angled triangle, and is hinged to the outer wall of the synchronous rotating drum via a hinge shaft through one right-angled side. The axes of the synchronous rotating drum are parallel, and the plane where the inclined edge of the variable diameter cutterhead is located is connected to the conical surface of the base cutterhead to form a tunneling face. The tunneling face is provided with multiple roller cutters. A variable diameter mechanism is provided, which enables all the variable diameter cutterheads to rotate synchronously and in the same direction along the corresponding hinge axis by the same angle to change the diameter and taper of the variable diameter cutterhead. When all the variable diameter cutterheads are rotated to be radially distributed along the synchronous rotating drum, the diameter of the variable diameter cutterhead is greater than the diameter of the base cutterhead, and the taper of the variable diameter cutterhead is greater than the taper of the base cutterhead.

[0008] Optionally, the diameter-changing mechanism includes a synchronization mechanism and a power assembly; the synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization ring and multiple sliding pillars, the synchronization ring being rotatably fitted onto the outside of the synchronization drum, all the sliding pillars being evenly distributed in a ring-shaped coaxial arrangement around the synchronization drum, the sliding pillars being parallel to the axis of the synchronization drum, one end of each sliding pillar being connected to the end face of the synchronization ring, each sliding pillar corresponding to a diameter-changing blade plate, the diameter-changing blade plate having a groove along the extension direction of the right-angle side perpendicular to the hinge axis, and sliding and rotating with the corresponding sliding pillar through the groove; the power assembly enables the synchronization ring to rotate coaxially relative to the synchronization drum; or, the power assembly enables the diameter-changing blade plate to rotate about the hinge axis.

[0009] Optionally, the synchronizing ring is rotatably mounted on the synchronizing drum via a reset torsion spring, with one end of the reset torsion spring connected to the synchronizing ring and the other end connected to the synchronizing drum; when the reset torsion spring is in its natural state, the variable diameter cutter head is at its minimum diameter.

[0010] Optionally, all the hobs located on the plane of the inclined side of the same variable diameter cutter are linearly arranged along the extension direction of the inclined side; the cutter holder of the hob is rotatably engaged with the variable diameter cutter, and the axis of rotation is coplanar with the plane of the variable diameter cutter; each variable diameter cutter is slidably provided with an adjustment rod along the extension direction of the inclined side, and the adjustment rod is connected to all the corresponding hobs respectively through a control component. The adjustment rod is provided with a push-pull mechanism so that the adjustment rod can slide along the axial direction so that the cutter holders of all the corresponding hobs rotate synchronously and in the same direction by the same angle.

[0011] Optionally, the cutter holder of the hob is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate via a swivel column, and the swivel column is hinged to the eccentric shaft of the angle adjusting rod.

[0012] Optionally, the cutter holder of the hob is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate via a rotating column, the rotating column is coaxially provided with a gear, and the outer wall of the angle adjusting rod is provided with a rack, the rack meshing with the gear.

[0013] Optionally, the push-pull mechanism includes a ramp and a return spring. The tail end sidewall of the base cutter head converges inward to form an annular ramp. One end of the angle adjusting rod abuts against the ramp, and the other end is connected to the variable diameter cutter plate through the return spring. When the return spring is in its natural state, the end of the angle adjusting rod contacts and squeezes the ramp.

[0014] Optionally, a baffle is hinged to the end of the variable diameter cutter blade away from the hinge axis on the side with the groove, and a slip ring is axially slidably fitted on the outer edge of the synchronous rotary drum. The side of the baffle away from the variable diameter cutter blade is hinged to the slip ring; the baffle abuts against the synchronous ring.

[0015] A shaft reaming tunneling machine includes: a drive mechanism, the drive mechanism having a drive shaft; a variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming tunneling machine, wherein the tail end of the base cutterhead is coaxially connected to the drive shaft, and the drive shaft is coaxially fitted inside a synchronous rotating drum; and a support shoe propulsion mechanism, the support shoe propulsion mechanism being disposed in the drive mechanism to provide frictional force fixed to the shaft wall and propulsion force for tunneling.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention provides a variable-diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming tunneling machine. A conical base cutterhead is coaxially connected to the drive shaft of the tunneling machine. This base serves as the structural foundation and central part of the cutterhead for reaming tunneling, and its conical surface provides a continuous structural foundation for cutterhead diameter changes. A synchronous rotating drum is then coaxially connected to the tail end of the base cutterhead. Multiple variable-diameter cutter plates, shaped like right-angled triangles, are further installed on this foundation. The plane containing the inclined side of each plate extends the conical surface of the base cutterhead. These multiple variable-diameter cutter plates are evenly spaced and spliced ​​together to form the variable-diameter cutterhead. The conical surface formed by the inclined surfaces of these plates connects to the conical surface of the base cutterhead to form the tunneling face, thus initially avoiding poor structural continuity during diameter changes. When the cutterhead diameter needs to be changed, all variable-diameter cutter plates are rotated synchronously around the corresponding hinge axis to adjust the diameter of the variable-diameter cutterhead. Furthermore, during the adjustment of the diameter of the variable-diameter cutterhead, the diameter changes simultaneously... While the height remains constant, the taper of the variable-diameter cutterhead changes with the diameter, and the two are positively correlated. Furthermore, since the variable-diameter cutter plate is triangular in shape, with the hinge shaft located on one of the right-angled sides and connected to the base cutterhead via the hypotenuse, the hypotenuse can maintain a relatively continuous and smooth connection with the inclined surface of the base cutterhead during the diameter change process, effectively preventing cutter jamming. Based on this, by setting up a diameter-changing mechanism, the rotation direction and angle of the variable-diameter cutter plate can be effectively controlled, as well as the synchronization rate of all variable-diameter cutter plates during rotation. Furthermore, by limiting the diameter and taper of the variable-diameter cutterhead at its maximum diameter, the taper relationship between the two is optimized while further increasing the diameter of the base cutterhead, further preventing cutter jamming. Through the combined effect of these features, this variable-diameter cutterhead for vertical shaft reaming tunneling machines effectively solves the problem of poor tunneling face structure continuity and easy cutter jamming associated with existing variable-diameter cutterheads. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of a variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the variable diameter cutterhead of a shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the variable diameter cutterhead is at its maximum diameter.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram illustrating the process of reducing the radius of the variable diameter cutterhead of a shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the variable diameter cutterhead of the variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A bottom view schematic diagram of the variable diameter cutterhead of the variable diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a first connection method between the cutter holder and the angle adjustment rod of the variable diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a second connection method between the cutter holder and the angle adjustment rod of the variable diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of a shaft reaming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0028] 1-Drive mechanism; 2-Drive shaft; 3-Shoe propulsion mechanism; 10-Base cutter head; 11-Synchronous rotary drum; 111-Hinged shaft; 12-Hog cutter; 121-Swivel column; 122-Gear; 13-Angle adjusting rod; 131-Rack; 14-Slide slope; 15-Return spring; 20-Variable diameter cutter plate; 21-Slide groove; 211-Baffle; 212-Slip ring; 30-Synchronous ring; 31-Slide column; 32-Hydraulic telescopic rod; 33-Return torsion spring. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are only for explaining this invention and are not intended to limit this invention.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7This invention provides a variable-diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming tunneling machine, comprising: a conical base cutterhead 10, the tail end of which is coaxially connected to the drive shaft of the tunneling machine; a synchronous rotating drum 11 coaxially connected to the tail end of the base cutterhead 10, the synchronous rotating drum 11 being fitted onto the drive shaft of the tunneling machine; and a second component comprising multiple variable-diameter cutter plates 20, all of which are uniformly arranged in a ring around the synchronous rotating drum 11 to form a variable-diameter cutterhead. Each variable-diameter cutter plate 20 is in the shape of a right-angled triangle, and is hinged to the outer wall of the synchronous rotating drum 11 via a hinge shaft 111 through one right-angled side. The hinge shaft 111 is parallel to the axis of the synchronous rotating drum 11. The plane where the inclined side of the variable diameter cutter 20 is located is connected to the conical surface of the base cutterhead 10 to form a tunneling face. The tunneling face is provided with multiple roller cutters 12. The third part includes a variable diameter mechanism, which enables all the variable diameter cutter 20 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction along the corresponding hinge shaft 111 by the same angle to change the diameter and taper of the variable diameter cutterhead. When all the variable diameter cutter 20 are rotated to be radially distributed along the synchronous rotating drum 11, the diameter of the variable diameter cutterhead is greater than the diameter of the base cutterhead 10, and the taper of the variable diameter cutterhead is greater than the taper of the base cutterhead 10.

[0031] The variable-diameter cutterhead for a vertical shaft reaming tunneling machine provided in this embodiment uses a conical base cutterhead 10 coaxially connected to the drive shaft of the tunneling machine. This base serves as the structural foundation and central part of the cutterhead for reaming tunneling, and its conical surface provides a continuous structural foundation for cutterhead diameter changes. Furthermore, a synchronous rotating drum 11 is coaxially connected to the tail end of the base cutterhead 10. Multiple variable-diameter cutter plates 20, shaped like right-angled triangular plates, are further installed on this basis. The conical surface of the base cutterhead 10 is further extended using the plane containing its inclined side, and multiple variable-diameter cutter plates 20 are spliced ​​at equal intervals to form a variable-diameter cutterhead. The conical surface formed by its inclined surface connects with the conical surface of the base cutterhead 10 to form the tunneling face, thus initially avoiding the problem of poor structural continuity during diameter changes. When it is necessary to change the cutterhead diameter, all variable-diameter cutter plates 20 are rotated synchronously around the corresponding hinge shaft 111 to adjust the diameter of the variable-diameter cutterhead. Furthermore, during the adjustment of the diameter of the variable-diameter cutterhead, because the diameter of the variable-diameter cutterhead is changing... While maintaining a constant height, the taper of the variable-diameter cutterhead changes with the diameter, and the two are positively correlated. Furthermore, since the variable-diameter cutter plate 20 is triangular in shape, and the hinge shaft 111 is located on one of its right-angled sides, and it connects to the base cutterhead 10 via the hypotenuse, the hypotenuse can always maintain a relatively continuous and smooth connection with the inclined surface of the base cutterhead 10 during the diameter change process, thus effectively preventing tool jamming. On this basis, by setting a diameter-changing mechanism, the rotation direction and rotation angle of the variable-diameter cutter plate 20 can be effectively controlled, as well as the synchronization rate of the rotation of all variable-diameter cutter plates 20. On this basis, by limiting the diameter and taper of the variable-diameter cutterhead at its maximum diameter, the taper relationship between the two can be optimized while further increasing the diameter of the base cutterhead 10, in order to further prevent tool jamming. Through the combined effect of the above features, the variable-diameter cutterhead used in vertical shaft reaming tunneling machines can effectively solve the problem of poor continuity of the tunneling face structure and easy tool jamming of existing variable-diameter cutterheads.

[0032] It should be noted that, in order to ensure the range of diameter change of the variable diameter cutter head, preferably, the outer diameter of the synchronous rotating drum 11 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the base cutter head 10, and the diameter of the hinge shaft 111 is much smaller than the outer diameter of the synchronous rotating drum 11.

[0033] It should be noted that the thickness of the aforementioned variable diameter blade 20 can be designed according to actual needs, so as to leave as much space as possible for rotation along the hinge axis 111 while ensuring its structural strength.

[0034] It should be noted that the right-angled triangular plate shape of the aforementioned variable diameter blade 20 is not necessarily a perfectly regular right-angled triangle. It can also be designed as a right-angled triangle with missing corners according to actual structural requirements. For example, a missing corner design can be used at the intersection of the hypotenuse and the right-angled side to improve the structural matching degree or avoid structural jamming.

[0035] To further explain the specific structure of the diameter-changing mechanism, the diameter-changing mechanism includes a synchronization mechanism and a power assembly; the synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization ring 30 and multiple sliding pillars 31. The synchronization ring 30 is rotatably fitted onto the outside of the synchronization drum 11. All the sliding pillars 31 are evenly distributed in a ring-shaped coaxial arrangement around the synchronization drum 11. The sliding pillars 31 are parallel to the axis of the synchronization drum 11. One end of each sliding pillar 31 is connected to the end face of the synchronization ring 30. Each sliding pillar 31 corresponds to a diameter-changing blade 20. The diameter-changing blade 20 has a groove 21 on the plane perpendicular to the right-angle side of the hinge shaft 111, extending along the direction of the right-angle side. The blade 20 slides and rotates with the corresponding sliding pillar 31 through the groove 21. The power assembly enables the synchronization ring 30 to rotate coaxially with respect to the synchronization drum 11; or, the power assembly enables the diameter-changing blade 20 to rotate about the hinge shaft 111.

[0036] Through the above settings, the synchronization mechanism ensures that all the variable diameter cutter plates 20 rotate in the same direction, at the same angle, and synchronously. Specifically, since the synchronization ring 30 can only rotate around the synchronization drum 11, all the sliding columns 31 move synchronously along the same circular line, thereby driving all the variable diameter cutter plates 20 to rotate synchronously. During the process, the sliding columns 31 slide along the sliding groove 21 and rotate (relatively). By setting up a power component, it can apply force in the above two ways. Due to the integrity and transmission of the structure, the effect of all the variable diameter cutter plates 20 rotating in the same direction, at the same angle, and synchronously can be achieved.

[0037] Optionally, in order to provide a first interpretation of the specific structure of the power assembly, the power assembly includes a power motor (not shown) and a gear set (not shown), the outer wall of the synchronization ring 30 is provided with a rack segment (not shown), the power motor meshes with the rack segment of the synchronization ring 30 through the gear set, and the power motor is fixedly connected to the synchronization drum 11.

[0038] With the above setup, the power motor drives the gear set to rotate, and further drives the synchronous ring 30 to rotate through meshing, thereby driving all the variable diameter blades 20 to rotate in the same direction, at the same angle, and synchronously.

[0039] Alternatively, to provide a second interpretation of the specific structure of the power assembly, the power assembly includes multiple hydraulic telescopic rods 32, with one hydraulic telescopic rod 32 positioned between two adjacent variable diameter cutter plates 20. The two ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod 32 are respectively hinged to the two variable diameter cutter plates 20, and all the hydraulic telescopic rods 32 extend and retract synchronously. When the hydraulic telescopic rod 32 is extended to its longest length, the variable diameter cutter disc is at its maximum diameter.

[0040] With the above settings, the angle between two adjacent variable diameter blades 20 is changed by extending and retracting the hydraulic telescopic rod 32, thereby further regulating and forcing all variable diameter blades 20 to rotate in the same direction, at the same angle, and synchronously through the synchronization mechanism.

[0041] To ensure the initial state and facilitate the smooth reset of the initial state, the synchronization ring 30 is rotatably mounted on the synchronization drum 11 via a reset torsion spring 33. One end of the reset torsion spring 33 is connected to the synchronization ring 30, and the other end is connected to the synchronization drum 11. When the reset torsion spring 33 is in its natural state, the variable diameter cutter head is at its minimum diameter.

[0042] With the above settings, the reset torsion spring 33 forces the unforced variable diameter cutter plate 20 (variable diameter cutter disc) to rotate to and maintain at the minimum radius. When it is necessary to adjust the diameter of the variable diameter cutter disc, the power component applies force to force the variable diameter cutter plate 20 to rotate, thereby gradually expanding the variable diameter cutter disc. Furthermore, the reset torsion spring 33 can specify the direction of rotation of the synchronization ring 30 during reset, thereby limiting the direction of rotation of the variable diameter cutter plate 20.

[0043] As the variable-diameter cutter plate 20 rotates around the hinge axis 111 during rotation, the straight line containing its hypotenuse will gradually form an angle with the axis of the synchronous rotating drum 11 (when the diameter is at its maximum, the two are parallel and the angle is 0). That is, the cutting surface of the hob 12 also produces an unnecessary angle. In order to deal with this angle, all the hobs 12 located on the same plane containing the hypotenuse of the variable-diameter cutter plate 20 are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the hypotenuse. The cutter holder of the hob 12 is rotatably engaged with the variable-diameter cutter plate 20, and the axis of rotation is coplanar with the plane containing the variable-diameter cutter plate 20. Each variable-diameter cutter plate 20 is slidably provided with an angle adjustment rod 13 along the extension direction of the hypotenuse. The angle adjustment rod 13 is connected to all the corresponding hobs 12 through a control component. The angle adjustment rod 13 is provided with a push-pull mechanism so that the angle adjustment rod 13 can slide along the axial direction so that the cutter holders of all the corresponding hobs 12 rotate synchronously and in the same direction by the same angle.

[0044] With the above settings, after adjusting the diameter of the variable diameter cutter head, simply slide the angle adjustment rod 13 through the push-pull mechanism to drive all the cutter holders of the hobbing cutter 12 to rotate a specific angle, thereby offsetting the aforementioned included angle.

[0045] Alternatively, in order to provide a first interpretation of the specific connection structure between the hob 12 and the angle adjustment rod 13, the cutter holder of the hob 12 is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate 20 via a rotating column 121, and the rotating column 121 is hinged to the eccentric shaft of the angle adjustment rod 13.

[0046] Alternatively, in order to provide a second interpretation of the specific connection structure between the hob 12 and the angle adjusting rod 13, the cutter holder of the hob 12 is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate 20 through a rotating column 121. The rotating column 121 is coaxially provided with a gear 122, and the outer wall of the angle adjusting rod 13 is provided with a rack 131, which meshes with the gear 122.

[0047] To further explain the specific structure of the push-pull mechanism, the push-pull mechanism includes a slide 14 and a return spring 15. The tail end sidewall of the base cutter head 10 converges inward to form the annular slide 14. One end of the angle adjusting rod 13 abuts against the slide 14, and the other end is connected to the variable diameter cutter plate 20 through the return spring 15. When the return spring 15 is in its natural state, the end of the angle adjusting rod 13 contacts and squeezes the slide 14.

[0048] With the above settings, during the rotation of the variable diameter cutter 20 (from the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter), the variable diameter cutter 20 gradually approaches the side wall of the synchronous rotating drum 11, causing its corners to gradually approach the slide 14, thereby gradually squeezing the angle adjustment rod 13, which in turn drives the angle adjustment rod 13 to slide axially inward and squeeze the reset spring 15, thereby driving all the cutter holders of the hobbing cutter 12 to rotate synchronously.

[0049] It should be noted that the slope of landslide 14 should be designed according to the actual situation so that the rotation angle of the cutter head of cutter 12 can just smooth out its deflection angle.

[0050] To prevent stones, soil, or impurities from falling into the chute 21 and affecting the sliding of the slide column 31, a baffle 211 is hinged to the side of the variable diameter cutter plate 20 that has the chute 21 away from the hinge shaft 111. A slip ring 212 is axially slidably fitted on the outer edge of the synchronous rotating drum 11. The side of the baffle 211 away from the variable diameter cutter plate 20 is hinged to the slip ring 212. The baffle 211 abuts against the synchronous ring 30.

[0051] With the above settings, when the variable diameter cutter plate 20 rotates, the relative position of the sliding column 31 and the sliding groove 21 changes, which is equivalent to the relative position of the top of the synchronization ring 30 and the sliding groove 21 changing, thereby changing the contact point between the synchronization ring 30 and the baffle 211, and thus causing the sliding ring 212 to rise or fall.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 8This embodiment also provides a shaft reaming tunneling machine, including: a drive mechanism 1, the drive mechanism 1 having a drive shaft 2; a second, a variable diameter cutterhead, including any of the above-mentioned types for shaft reaming tunneling machines, the tail end of the base cutterhead 10 being coaxially connected to the drive shaft 2, the drive shaft 2 being coaxially fitted inside the synchronous rotating drum 11; and a third, a support shoe propulsion mechanism 3, the support shoe propulsion mechanism 3 being disposed in the drive mechanism 1 to provide frictional force fixed to the shaft wall and propulsion force for tunneling.

[0053] It should be noted that the drive mechanism 1 and the support shoe propulsion mechanism 3 mentioned above both adopt the same functional structure in the prior art. The drive mechanism 1 can adopt a drive device such as a motor, as long as it can drive the drive shaft 2 to rotate. The support shoe propulsion mechanism 3 can adopt the hydraulic structure shown in the figure. The hydraulic cylinder drives the support shoe to push outward and squeeze the well wall to implement fixation. Another set of hydraulic cylinders provides axial force to the drive shaft 2 to force the cutter head to squeeze the required hole expansion area to avoid the cutter head spinning.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine, characterized in that, include: A conical base cutterhead, the tail end of which is coaxially connected to the drive shaft of the tunneling machine, and a synchronous rotating drum is coaxially connected to the tail end of the base cutterhead, the synchronous rotating drum being fitted outside the drive shaft of the tunneling machine; Multiple variable-diameter cutter plates are uniformly arranged in a ring around the outside of the synchronous rotating drum to form a variable-diameter cutterhead. Each variable-diameter cutter plate is in the shape of a right-angled triangle. Each variable-diameter cutter plate is hinged to the outer wall of the synchronous rotating drum through a hinge shaft via a right-angled side. The hinge shaft is parallel to the axis of the synchronous rotating drum. The plane containing the hypotenuse of the variable-diameter cutter plate is connected to the conical surface of the base cutterhead to form a tunneling face. The tunneling face is provided with multiple roller cutters. The variable diameter mechanism enables all the variable diameter cutter plates to rotate synchronously and in the same direction along the corresponding hinge axis by the same angle to change the diameter and taper of the variable diameter cutter disc. When all the variable diameter cutter plates are rotated to a radial distribution along the synchronous rotating cylinder, the diameter of the variable diameter cutter disc is greater than the diameter of the base cutter disc, and the taper of the variable diameter cutter disc is greater than the taper of the base cutter disc. The diameter-changing mechanism includes a synchronization mechanism and a power assembly; The synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization ring and multiple sliding columns. The synchronization ring is rotatably fitted onto the outside of the synchronization drum. All the sliding columns are evenly distributed in a ring-shaped coaxial arrangement around the synchronization drum. The sliding columns are parallel to the axis of the synchronization drum. One end of each sliding column is connected to the end face of the synchronization ring. Each sliding column corresponds to a variable diameter blade. The variable diameter blade has a groove on the plane perpendicular to the right angle side of the hinge axis along the extension direction of the right angle side, and slides and rotates with the corresponding sliding column through the groove. The power assembly enables the synchronizing ring to rotate coaxially with respect to the synchronizing drum; or, the power assembly enables the variable diameter blade to rotate about the hinge axis. The power assembly includes multiple hydraulic telescopic rods, with one hydraulic telescopic rod positioned between two adjacent variable-diameter blades. The two ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod are respectively hinged to the two variable-diameter blades, and all the hydraulic telescopic rods extend and retract synchronously. When the hydraulic telescopic rod is extended to its longest length, the variable diameter cutter head is at its maximum diameter.

2. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronizing ring is rotatably mounted on the synchronizing drum via a reset torsion spring, with one end of the reset torsion spring connected to the synchronizing ring and the other end connected to the synchronizing drum. When the reset torsion spring is in its natural state, the variable diameter cutter head is at its minimum diameter.

3. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, All the hobs located on the same plane of the inclined side of the variable diameter cutter plate are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the inclined side; The hob's holder is rotatably engaged with the variable diameter cutter plate, and the rotating shaft is coplanar with the plane where the variable diameter cutter plate is located; Each of the variable diameter cutter plates is slidably provided with an adjustment rod along the extension direction of the inclined side. The adjustment rod is connected to all the corresponding hobs through a control component. The adjustment rod is provided with a push-pull mechanism so that the adjustment rod can slide along the axial direction so that the cutter holders of all the corresponding hobs rotate synchronously and in the same direction by the same angle.

4. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cutter holder of the hob is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate via a rotating column, and the rotating column is hinged to the eccentric shaft of the angle adjusting rod.

5. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cutter holder of the hob is rotatably connected to the variable diameter cutter plate via a rotating column. The rotating column is coaxially provided with a gear, and the outer wall of the angle adjusting rod is provided with a rack, which meshes with the gear.

6. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The push-pull mechanism includes a slide and a return spring. The tail end sidewall of the base cutter head converges inward to form an annular slide. One end of the angle adjusting rod abuts against the slide, and the other end is connected to the variable diameter cutter plate through the return spring. When the reset spring is in its natural state, the end of the angle adjusting rod contacts and presses against the landslide.

7. The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A baffle is hinged to the side of the variable diameter cutter plate that has the groove, away from the hinge axis. A slip ring is slidably fitted on the outer edge of the synchronous rotating drum. The side of the baffle that is away from the variable diameter cutter plate is hinged to the slip ring. The baffle abuts against the synchronization ring.

8. A vertical shaft reaming tunneling machine, characterized in that, include: The drive mechanism is provided with a drive shaft; The variable diameter cutterhead for a shaft reaming machine as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the tail end of the base cutterhead is coaxially connected to the drive shaft, and the drive shaft is coaxially fitted inside the synchronous rotary drum; A boot-shaped propulsion mechanism is provided on the drive mechanism to provide frictional force for fixing to the shaft wall and propulsion force for tunneling.

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