Large-inclination large-section inclined hole rapid excavation method

Abstract

The application discloses a large-inclination large-section inclined hole rapid excavation method and relates to the field of tunnel construction.The method comprises the following steps: S1, segmenting a sandstone geological tunnel to be excavated to form a plurality of tunnel sections; S2, dividing a personnel passage, a mechanical passage and a residue discharge passage in a previous tunnel section of a current tunnel section along a tunnel cross section direction; S3, transporting blasting equipment to the current tunnel section through the mechanical passage, installing the blasting equipment at a front end of the current tunnel section and implementing blasting; S4, transporting residue formed after blasting to outside of the tunnel through the residue discharge passage; and S5, transporting excavating equipment to a next tunnel section through the mechanical passage and performing support operation on the next tunnel section.The large-inclination large-section inclined hole rapid excavation method can solve the problems that the existing construction method is not suitable for large inclination, anchor points of the tunnel are unstable and the tunnel is prone to deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, specifically including a method for rapid excavation of inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections. Background Technology

[0002] Suspension bridges, being long-span bridges, require tunnel anchorages to ensure construction safety. Conventional tunnel anchorage excavation typically employs the bench method, which involves excavating the upper section of the tunnel first, then advancing it a certain distance before excavating the lower section, with both upper and lower benches proceeding simultaneously. However, tunnel anchorages require anchorage excavation in bedrock. Unlike highway tunnels, tunnel anchorages require large-angle and large-section excavation, necessitating stable surrounding rock and placing higher demands on muck removal and support during excavation.

[0003] When facing steeply inclined tunnel excavation, existing bench-mounted methods may encounter the following problems: 1. Existing construction methods are not suitable for steep inclinations: Ordinary tunnel anchor bench methods are mainly suitable for smaller inclination ranges. At steep inclinations, due to the large slope, anchor bolts are prone to slippage or failure during construction, failing to provide sufficient support. Furthermore, construction machinery faces difficulties in accessing and exiting the site. 2. Unstable anchoring: The anchoring points in steeply inclined tunnels are usually located on the upper part of the rock mass, rather than on a horizontal platform. Due to the large changes in inclination, the stability of the anchoring points is greatly challenged. During construction, deformation and stress distribution in the rock strata may cause the anchoring points to move or fail, thus affecting the support effect. 3. Tunnel is prone to deformation and has poor stability: During the construction and excavation of steeply inclined tunnels, the deformation and stress distribution of the rock mass are more complex. Ordinary tunnel anchor bench methods may not provide sufficient support and stability, and cannot cope with geological disasters such as rock mass deformation and collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid excavation method for inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections, which can solve the problems that existing construction methods are not suitable for large inclination angles and that the anchoring points of tunnels are unstable and tunnels are prone to deformation.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for rapid excavation of inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections, including: S1: Divide the sandstone tunnel to be excavated into multiple tunnel sections; S2: Within the tunnel section preceding the current tunnel section, divide the tunnel along its cross-sectional direction into personnel passage, machinery passage, and muck removal passage; S3: Transport blasting equipment to the current tunnel section via a mechanical channel, install the blasting equipment at the front end of the current tunnel section, and carry out blasting; S4: The blasting debris is transported to the outside of the tunnel through the blasting channel; S5: Transport the excavation equipment to the next tunnel section via the mechanical channel to carry out the support operation for the next tunnel section.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the front end of the tunnel section is divided into an upper step area and a lower step area, the upper step area including the tunnel face, and the lower step area including the bottom plate and reserved steps located on both sides of the bottom plate.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, both the mechanical passage and the slag discharge passage are equipped with transport tracks; the personnel passage is a pedestrian staircase.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the specific steps of transporting the blasting equipment to the current tunnel section via a mechanical channel include: S301: The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel to transport the excavating equipment to the current tunnel section, the excavating equipment being loaded with blasting equipment.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, the steps of installing blasting equipment at the front end of the current tunnel section and carrying out blasting specifically include: S311: The transport equipment will lower the excavation equipment to the working face of the current tunnel section; S312: Place the excavation equipment onto the floor of the current tunnel section; S313: Construct blast holes in the upper and lower bench areas of the current tunnel section and install blasting equipment in the blast holes; S314: Transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical passage to transport excavation equipment to the outside of the tunnel, where blasting is then carried out.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the specific steps of transporting the blasted debris to the outside of the tunnel via the blasting channel include: S401: The muck truck moves along the transport track in the muck removal channel to enter the current tunnel section and transport the blasted muck to the outside of the tunnel.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the specific steps of transporting the excavating equipment to the next tunnel section via a mechanical channel for support operations in the next tunnel section include: S501: Transport equipment moves on the transport track in the mechanical passage to transport excavation equipment to the front end of the next tunnel section; S502: Set up the upper and lower bench areas for the next tunnel section and carry out support operations for the next tunnel section.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, the specific steps of performing the support operation for the next tunnel section include: S511: Initial shotcreting is carried out on the face and floor of the next tunnel section; S512: Install a steel arch frame above the reserved steps, install steel mesh and system anchors on the steel arch frame, and then spray grout the steel arch frame again; S513 extends the lower part of the steel arch frame on the reserved step for grounding, then installs steel mesh and system anchors on the extended part of the steel arch frame, and then performs shotcrete on the steel arch frame.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the spacing between each steel arch frame is 1.5m, and the working face is 6m away from the reserved steps.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the transport equipment is a loading vehicle, and the excavation equipment is an excavation trolley.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following: 1. The excavation area at the working face is designed with a relatively level floor, allowing the excavation trolley to be placed stably and providing workers with a horizontal working environment. This greatly improves construction safety and convenience. 2. This application sets up steps on the left and right side walls to facilitate the rapid erection of the steel arch frame, enabling the blasting excavation area to quickly form a ring, ensuring the stability of the tunnel and the safety of construction; 3. This application enables simultaneous blasting in various areas, followed by simultaneous support operations, resulting in rapid construction and ensuring project progress; 4. This application has three channels: personnel, machinery, and muck removal. It ensures the convenience of machinery and personnel movement within a limited space and solves the problems of rapid muck removal from anchor holes in steeply inclined tunnels and the difficulty of access for construction machinery. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A tunnel anchorage construction passage diagram for a rapid excavation method for large-angle, large-section inclined tunnels provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3A side view of the tunnel construction area division for a rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the tunnel construction area division of a rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 A construction schematic diagram of a rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel provided in this application embodiment; In the diagram: 1. Working face; 2. Bottom plate; 3. Reserved steps; 4. Steel arch frame; 5. Excavation trolley; 6. Loader; 7. Personnel passage; 8. Machinery passage; 9. Slag removal passage; 10. Slag removal vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] This application provides a method for rapid excavation of inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections, which can solve the problems that existing construction methods are not suitable for large inclination angles and that the anchoring points of tunnels are unstable and tunnels are prone to deformation.

[0020] See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for rapid excavation of inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections, including: S1: Divide the sandstone tunnel to be excavated into multiple tunnel sections; S2: In the tunnel section preceding the current tunnel section, divide the tunnel into personnel passage 7, machinery passage 8, and muck removal passage 9 along the tunnel cross-section direction; S3: Transport blasting equipment to the current tunnel section via mechanical channel 8, install the blasting equipment at the front end of the current tunnel section, and carry out blasting; S4: The blasting debris is transported to the outside of the tunnel through the blasting channel 9; S5: Transport the excavation equipment to the next tunnel section via mechanical channel 8 to carry out support operations for the next tunnel section.

[0021] In step S1, the sandstone geological tunnel to be excavated is first divided into sections to facilitate the planning of the tunnel operation area by the construction personnel, so that the construction can be carried out in an orderly manner. In step S2, the previous tunnel section where construction work has been completed is divided into personnel passage 7, machinery passage 8 and muck removal passage 9. Construction personnel enter and exit through personnel passage 7, transportation equipment enters and exits through machinery passage 8, and muck is transported out through muck removal passage 9. Each passage does not interfere with the others, which not only ensures the efficiency of construction, but also ensures that construction personnel and transportation equipment do not appear on the same passage, thus ensuring the safety of construction personnel. In step S3, the blasting equipment can be transported smoothly to the front end of the current tunnel section through the mechanical channel 8. After the blasting equipment is installed, the blasting operation is carried out after the transport equipment and construction personnel have withdrawn from the current tunnel section. In step S4, the blasting residue is transported out through the slag discharge channel 9, and the equipment for subsequent construction enters and exits through the mechanical tunnel without affecting each other, thus improving the efficiency of construction. In step S5, support operations are carried out in the newly blasted tunnel section. Once the support operations are completed, the next cycle of operations can begin.

[0022] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel section's front end is divided into an upper bench area and a lower bench area. The upper bench area includes the tunnel face 1, and the lower bench area includes the floor slab 2 and reserved steps 3 located on both sides of the floor slab 2. The tunnel face 1 is the very front end of the tunnel section. The floor slab 2 provides a horizontal area for the front end of the tunnel section, eliminating the slope caused by the large inclination angle. This not only allows the excavation equipment to be placed stably but also provides a horizontal working environment for construction personnel, greatly improving construction safety and convenience. The reserved steps 3 are approximately 1 meter wide and 2.2 meters high, used for erecting support components during support construction.

[0023] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 2 As shown, both the mechanical passage 8 and the slag discharge passage 9 are equipped with transport tracks; the personnel passage 7 is a staircase. Rail vehicles are installed on both the mechanical passage 8 and the slag discharge passage 9 to transport excavation equipment and excavated soil. A certain distance is maintained between the mechanical passage 8 and the slag discharge passage 9 to ensure that vehicle access between them does not interfere with each other. The personnel passage 7 is designed as a staircase, eliminating the access problems caused by the steep slope and reducing the risk of slipping for construction workers when entering or exiting the tunnel section.

[0024] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the blasting equipment is transported to the current tunnel section via mechanical channel 8. The specific steps include: S301: The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel 8 to transport the excavation equipment to the current tunnel section, and the excavation equipment is loaded with blasting equipment.

[0025] In step S301, the bottom of the transport equipment fits into the track of the mechanical channel 8, allowing the transport equipment to move freely along the mechanical track 8. The excavation equipment is used to load blasting equipment and other construction tools.

[0026] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, blasting equipment is installed at the front end of the current tunnel section and blasting is carried out. The specific steps include: S311: The transport equipment will lower the excavation equipment to the working face 1 of the current tunnel section; S312: Place the excavation equipment onto the bottom slab 2 of the current tunnel section; S313: Construct blast holes in the upper and lower bench areas of the current tunnel section and install blasting equipment in the blast holes; S314: The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel 8 to transport the excavation equipment to the outside of the tunnel, and then blasting is carried out.

[0027] In step S311, the transport equipment first transports the excavating equipment to the front end of the mechanical channel 8 and connects it with the bottom plate 2; In step S312, the construction workers drive the excavating equipment from the transport equipment to the base plate 2 and park the excavating equipment on the base plate 2. In step S313, the blasting equipment is disassembled from the excavation equipment, and multiple blast holes are opened in the upper and lower bench areas. The blasting equipment, including gunpowder and fuse, is installed into the blast holes, and then the blasting is waited for. In step S314, the construction personnel drive the excavation equipment from the bottom plate 2 onto the transport equipment and secure the excavation equipment. The transport equipment then transports the excavation equipment out of the current tunnel section. After the equipment and construction personnel have all left the current tunnel section, a blasting operation is carried out, simultaneously blasting the upper and lower bench areas, with the overall tunnel advance being 3m.

[0028] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the blasting debris is transported to the outside of the tunnel through the blasting channel 9. The specific steps include: S401: The muck truck 10 moves on the transport track of the muck removal channel 9 to enter the current tunnel section and transport the blasted muck to the outside of the tunnel.

[0029] In step S401, the blasted tunnel debris, upper bench area debris, and lower bench area debris are transported to the outside of the tunnel by the muck truck 10. After the debris is cleared, the next tunnel section is formed.

[0030] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the excavation equipment is transported to the next tunnel section via mechanical channel 8 for support operations. Specific steps include: S501: The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel 8 to transport the excavation equipment to the front end of the next tunnel section; S502: Set up the upper and lower bench areas for the next tunnel section and carry out support operations for the next tunnel section.

[0031] In step S501, the construction personnel first transport the excavation equipment to the tunnel entrance of the next tunnel section using transportation equipment. The excavation equipment is equipped with the tools required for support construction. In step S502, the construction workers first construct an upper step area and a lower step area at the front end of the next tunnel section to facilitate the construction of the next cycle, and then carry out support work on the tunnel wall of the next tunnel section.

[0032] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 5 As shown, the support operation for the next tunnel section will proceed, and the specific steps include: S511: Perform initial shotcrete on the face 1 and bottom slab 2 of the next tunnel section; S512: Install steel arch frame 4 above reserved step 3, install steel mesh and system anchor rod on steel arch frame 4, and then spray grout the steel arch frame 4 again; S513: Extend the lower part of the steel arch frame 4 on the reserved step 3 for grounding, then install steel mesh and system anchors on the extended part of the steel arch frame 4, and then spray grout the steel arch frame 4 again.

[0033] In step S511, initial shotcreting is performed on the constructed tunnel face 1 and bottom plate 2 to reinforce the upper and lower bench areas of the next tunnel section, ensuring that the excavation equipment can travel safely on the bottom plate 2. In step S512, steel arch frame 4 is first installed above the reserved step 3 to ensure the stability of the top of the next tunnel section and to ensure that the top of the next tunnel section will not fall off during subsequent construction. Steel mesh and system anchor rods are installed on the steel arch frame 4, and then the steel arch frame 4 is sprayed with grout to further reinforce the top of the next tunnel section. In step S513, the steel arch 4 located at a high position is extended so that the steel arch 4 contacts the ground to support the top of the steel arch 4, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure. Then, steel mesh and system anchors are installed on the extended part of the steel arch 4, and then the steel arch 4 is re-sprayed with grout to further reinforce the steel arch 4, ensuring the stability of the tunnel and the safety of construction.

[0034] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 5 As shown, the spacing between each steel arch frame 4 is 1.5m, and the working face 1 is 6m away from the reserved step 3.

[0035] As an optional embodiment, see [link to example]. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the transport equipment is a loading vehicle 6, and the excavation equipment is an excavation trolley 5. The bottom of the loading vehicle 6 is equipped with wheels that fit into the mechanical channel 8, so that the loading vehicle 6 can move on the mechanical channel 8. At the same time, the top of the loading vehicle 6 is equipped with a fixing device to fix the excavation trolley 5 to the top of the loading vehicle 6 when transporting it.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0038] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for rapid excavation of inclined tunnels with large inclination angles and large cross-sections, characterized in that, include: The sandstone geological tunnel to be excavated is divided into segments to form multiple tunnel segments. Specifically, the front end of the tunnel segment is divided into an upper step area and a lower step area. The upper step area includes the working face (1), and the lower step area includes the bottom plate (2) and reserved steps (3) located on both sides of the bottom plate (2). In the tunnel section above the current tunnel section, personnel passage (7), mechanical passage (8) and slag removal passage (9) are divided along the tunnel cross-section. Specifically, the mechanical passage (8) and the slag removal passage (9) are both equipped with transport tracks, and the personnel passage (7) is a walking staircase. The blasting equipment is transported to the current tunnel section through the mechanical channel (8), and the blasting equipment is installed at the front end of the current tunnel section and blasting is carried out. Specifically, the transport equipment lowers the excavation equipment to the working face (1) of the current tunnel section, places the excavation equipment on the bottom plate (2) of the current tunnel section, constructs blast holes in the upper and lower bench areas of the current tunnel section, and installs the blasting equipment in the blast holes. The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel (8) to transport the excavation equipment to the outside of the tunnel, and then blasting is carried out. The blasting debris is transported to the outside of the tunnel through the slag discharge channel (9); The excavation equipment is transported to the next tunnel section via the mechanical channel (8) for support operation. Specifically, the transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel (8) to transport the excavation equipment to the front end of the next tunnel section, sets up the upper and lower steps of the next tunnel section, and performs support operation for the next tunnel section. The specific steps for performing support operation for the next tunnel section include: performing initial shotcreting on the face (1) and bottom plate (2) of the next tunnel section, installing a steel arch frame (4) above the reserved step (3), installing steel mesh and system anchors on the steel arch frame (4), and then performing re-shotcreting on the steel arch frame (4), extending the lower part of the steel arch frame (4) on the reserved step (3) for grounding, and then installing steel mesh and system anchors on the extended part of the steel arch frame (4), and then performing re-shotcreting on the steel arch frame (4).

2. The rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for transporting the blasting equipment to the current tunnel section via the mechanical channel (8) include: The transport equipment moves on the transport track of the mechanical channel (8) to transport the excavating equipment, which is loaded with blasting equipment, to the current tunnel section.

3. The rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for transporting the blasted debris to the outside of the tunnel via the blasting channel (9) include: The muck truck (10) moves on the transport track of the muck removal channel (9) to enter the current tunnel section and transport the blasted muck to the outside of the tunnel.

4. The rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between each steel arch frame (4) is 1.5m, and the working face (1) is 6m away from the reserved step (3).

5. The rapid excavation method for a large-angle, large-section inclined tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The transport equipment is a loading vehicle (6), and the excavation equipment is an excavation trolley (5).

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