A shield tunneling posture regulation method and device for water-rich soft and hard uneven strata

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of rich water soft and hard uneven stratum's shield tunneling posture control method and device, specifically related to shield machine field, the shield tunneling device includes shield shell, cutterhead is rotationally arranged on shield shell, support shell is arranged on shield shell, shield shell is rotationally arranged with support shell, posture control mechanism is arranged on support shell, posture control mechanism includes linear actuator one, linear actuator one is rotationally arranged on support shell.The application is filled with filling material between tunnel wall and segment by setting grouting mechanism, segment and tunnel wall are organically combined by filling material, a wall layer is formed by filling material, can play the comprehensive effect of constraint, support, reinforcement etc., to significantly improve the deformation resistance and bearing capacity of segment under dynamic complex geological conditions, can prevent the damage of cutterhead to segment when posture is adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and more specifically, to a method and device for controlling the tunnel boring machine's attitude in water-rich, unevenly hard strata. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a machine that excavates tunnels using the shield method. It excavates tunnels through the rotation of a cutterhead system. To support the tunnel walls, segments are laid on the walls of the front shield of the TBM, forming the tunnel lining structure. These segments, as the pre-installed tunnel lining, provide a stable working face for the cutterhead system. The cutterhead system, pressing against the segments, ensures effective control over the direction and trajectory of the excavation. Due to the combined influence of geological structure, rock type, geological history, climate conditions, groundwater circulation, and natural disasters, underground rock strata often contain high water content and exhibit uneven hardness and density, forming water-rich, heterogeneous strata. These water-rich, heterogeneous strata are a common geological feature in tunnel engineering.

[0003] During tunneling, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) needs to ensure that the deviation of the tunnel axis does not exceed the design requirements. Due to the uneven hardness of the soil layers, the center axis of the TBM head often deviates from the tunnel axis. For example, when the TBM encounters a layer of hard soil on top and soft soil below, the TBM head will sag under its own weight. In order to meet the deviation requirements of the tunnel axis, the existing technology uses hydraulic cylinders to control and adjust the angle of the head to an upward posture to correct the deviation of the TBM.

[0004] However, during the shield attitude adjustment process of the tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead system pressing against the tunnel segments may bring sudden large loads to the segments. The sudden large load changes too quickly, causing the segments to be unable to make corresponding deformation adjustments, which can easily concentrate stress and damage the segments. Damage to the segments may reduce the stability and safety of the tunnel, leading to problems such as water seepage and grout leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and device for controlling the attitude of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in water-rich, unevenly hard strata. The problem to be solved is that during the existing TBM attitude adjustment process, the cutterhead system pressing against the tunnel segments may bring sudden large loads to the segments. The sudden large load changes too quickly, causing the segments to be unable to make corresponding deformation adjustments, which can easily lead to stress concentration and damage to the segments. Damage to the segments may reduce the stability and safety of the tunnel, leading to problems such as water seepage and grout leakage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata, comprising a shield shell, a cutterhead rotatably mounted on the shield shell, a support shell mounted on the shield shell, the shield shell and the support shell being rotatably mounted, an attitude control mechanism mounted on the support shell, the attitude control mechanism comprising a linear actuator, the linear actuator being rotatably mounted on the support shell, the output shaft of the linear actuator being rotatably mounted with the shield shell, and the movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator being used to control the attitude of the shield shell; The support housing is equipped with a grouting mechanism, which includes a linear driver three. A sliding sleeve is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the linear driver three. The sliding sleeve is used to transport the filling material to the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment. A linear thruster is installed on the support housing. The output shaft of the linear thruster moves after abutting the pipe plate to drive the cutterhead to move along the tunneling direction. The output shaft of the linear drive three is equipped with a dehumidification mechanism. The dehumidification mechanism is used to keep the humidity of the tunnel wall surface within a safe range. The safe range refers to the relatively dry state of the filling material located between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the attitude control mechanism includes a support base 1, which is fixedly mounted on the support housing. The shield housing is rotatably mounted on the support base 1. The number of linear actuators 1 is set to four, which are symmetrically arranged in pairs. A rotating seat is rotatably mounted on the support housing. A linear actuator 2 is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat. A support base 2 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 2.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the grouting mechanism includes a support ring, which is rotatably disposed with a rotating seat. An adjusting ring is slidably disposed on the support ring. A linear actuator is fixedly disposed on the adjusting ring. A delivery pipe is fixedly disposed on the adjusting ring. A sliding sleeve is slidably disposed inside the delivery pipe.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the dehumidification mechanism includes a fan, a linear driver five is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear driver three, the fan is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear driver five, and an electric heating tube is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear driver five, with the electric heating tube located above the fan exhaust port.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the dehumidification mechanism includes a conveyor fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the regulating ring. The inlet end of the conveyor is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, and the end of the connecting pipe away from the conveyor is fixedly connected to a storage tank for storing water-blocking material.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a water pump is fixedly installed on the regulating ring, the discharge end of the water pump is fixedly connected to a centrifugal mud-water separator, the sludge discharge end of the centrifugal mud-water separator is fixedly connected to a centrifugal pump, and the discharge end of the centrifugal pump is oriented towards the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a water-blocking mechanism is provided on the support shell. The water-blocking mechanism includes a first partition and a second partition. The first partition and the second partition expand synchronously to form a ring. The ring is used to block the tunnel area in the direction of the shield shell. The water-blocking mechanism also includes a toothed ring. The toothed ring is rotatably disposed in the support shell. A guide hole is opened on the toothed ring. A connecting shaft is fixedly disposed on both the first partition and the second partition. The connecting shaft is movably disposed in the corresponding guide hole. A gear is rotatably disposed in the support shell. The gear meshes with the toothed ring.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, both sides of the first partition are provided with grooves, and a waterproof pad is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the groove. The second partition is slidably disposed in the groove.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a water pump is fixedly installed on the partition, a mesh is fixedly installed inside the water pump, and a water pump is fixedly connected to the water pump, which is used to pump water through the water pump.

[0015] A method for attitude control of a shield tunneling device in water-rich, unevenly hard strata includes the following steps: Step 1: Drive the cutterhead to rotate, and use the linear thruster to move the shield shell to excavate the tunnel; Step 2: When tunneling to the upper hard and lower soft stratum, adjust the cutterhead upward by moving the output shaft of the linear drive to prevent the cutterhead from sinking and shifting downward; Step 3: Pump out the water from the tunnel walls, and then use electric heating pipes and fans to accelerate the evaporation of moisture from the tunnel walls, so that the tunnel walls are in a dry state. Step 4: Lay tunnel segments on the tunnel wall and inject filler material between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments through the sliding sleeve. After the filler material dries, eliminate the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments, so that the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments fit tightly together. Step 5: The linear thruster reaches the pipe segment, and the linear thruster drives the cutterhead to continue working in the tunneling direction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention, by setting up a grouting mechanism, fills the space between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments with filling material. The tunnel segments and the tunnel wall are organically bonded together by the filling material, which forms a protective layer. This can exert a comprehensive effect of constraint, support and reinforcement, thereby significantly improving the deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity of the tunnel segments under dynamic and complex geological conditions, and preventing damage to the tunnel segments when the cutterhead is adjusting its posture.

[0017] 2. By setting up a dehumidification mechanism, the present invention removes moisture from the tunnel wall before filling the space between the tunnel wall and the segments. This avoids the situation where the high water content of the soil causes the filling material to mix with water, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of the grout and a reduction in adhesion, which would prevent the segments from being effectively supported. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a side view of the structure of the adjustment ring of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the electric heating tube of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a side view of the structure of the water pump of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the retractable partition of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the expanded partition of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the water pumping pipe of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the attitude control method of the present invention.

[0028] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Shield shell; 11. Cutterhead; 2. Support shell; 21. Positioning seat one; 3. Attitude control mechanism; 31. Support seat one; 32. Linear actuator one; 33. Rotating seat; 34. Linear actuator two; 35. Support seat two; 4. Linear thruster; 5. Grouting mechanism; 51. Support ring; 52. Linear actuator three; 53. Adjusting ring; 54. Conveying pipe; 55. Sliding sleeve; 56. Linear actuator four; 6. Dehumidification mechanism; 61. Electric heating element; 62. Fan; 63. Conveyor; 64. Pump; 65. Linear actuator five; 7. Water-proofing mechanism; 71. Gear ring; 711. Guide hole; 72. Partition one; 73. Partition two; 74. Connecting shaft; 75. Gear; 76. Pumping pipe; 77. Separator net. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0030] Segment construction is the main assembly component of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). They are the innermost barrier of the tunnel, directly bearing the pressure from the surrounding soil layers, groundwater pressure, and potential special loads. During tunneling, the cutterhead system rotates and cuts the soil at the excavation face, transporting the excavated soil out of the tunnel. In this process, the segments, as the already installed tunnel lining, provide a stable working face for the cutterhead system. When the TBM encounters a layer of hard topsoil and soft bottoms, it must maintain an upward tilt to prevent the TBM head from sagging; conversely, it must maintain a downward tilt. Using the tunnel axis as the target, the deviation is controlled within the design range based on the axis deviation and trend displayed by automatic measurement. Simultaneously, the TBM attitude is adjusted during tunneling. During this adjustment, the hydraulic cylinders exert thrust on the segments, potentially causing sudden large loads. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the segments are not damaged when subjected to thrust due to the TBM attitude. In layman's terms, this is called "protecting the head and tail." To solve the above technical problems: Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 4 A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata includes a shield shell 1, a cutterhead 11 rotatably mounted on the shield shell 1, a hydraulic system and an electric transmission system installed inside the shield shell 1, the hydraulic system and the electric transmission system driving the cutterhead 11 to rotate, a support shell 2 mounted on the shield shell 1, the shield shell 1 and the support shell 2 being rotatably mounted, and an attitude control mechanism 3 mounted on the support shell 2, the attitude control mechanism 3 including a linear actuator 32, the linear actuator 32 being rotatably mounted on the support shell 2, the output shaft of the linear actuator 32 being rotatably mounted with the shield shell 1, the movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator 32 being used to control the shield... The posture of the housing 1; the grouting mechanism 5 is provided on the supporting housing 2, the grouting mechanism 5 includes a linear actuator 52, a sliding sleeve 55 is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the linear actuator 52, the sliding sleeve 55 is used to transport the filling material to the space between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment; the linear actuator 4 is provided on the supporting housing 2, the output shaft of the linear actuator 4 moves after abutting the tunnel segment to drive the cutterhead 11 to move along the tunneling direction; the dehumidification mechanism 6 is provided on the output shaft of the linear actuator 52, the dehumidification mechanism 6 is used to keep the humidity of the tunnel wall surface within a safe range, the safe range refers to the filling material located between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment being in a relatively dry state.

[0031] It should be noted that the humidity level on the tunnel wall surface is within a safe range. This means that the filler material between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments will not be diluted due to high humidity, and its adhesion will not be affected. By using the filler material, the tunnel segments and the surrounding soil can form a tight connection within a predetermined time, effectively supporting the tunnel segments. The filler material is quick-drying expansive cement. Quick-drying expansive cement not only dries quickly but also does not shrink in volume after drying, providing good filling between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments. The filler material includes, but is not limited to, quick-drying expansive cement.

[0032] It should also be noted that the linear actuator 32 is a hydraulic cylinder, rotatably mounted on the support housing 2. The output end of the cylinder is rotatably mounted on the shield housing 1, meaning the cylinder and the support housing 2 are hinged together, and the output shaft of the cylinder is hinged to the shield housing 1. The linear actuator 52 is a hydraulic cylinder, fixedly mounted on the support ring 51, and the sliding sleeve 55 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder. The linear thruster 4 is a hydraulic cylinder, fixedly mounted on the support housing 2. A connecting seat is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the cylinder. When the connecting seat abuts against the tunnel segment, it makes the pressure applied by the cylinder more even, avoiding damage to the tunnel segment.

[0033] Furthermore, a pump is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 55, and a storage tank is fixedly connected to the pump's extraction end. The storage tank contains filling material, namely quick-drying expansive cement.

[0034] The specific implementation scenario is as follows: The cutterhead 11 moves and rotates inside the tunnel. After the cutterhead 11 has excavated a certain distance inside the tunnel, the tunnel segments are assembled one by one to form the tunnel lining structure. Then, the linear actuator 3 52 drives the sliding sleeve 55 to approach the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments. The pump pumps the filling material into the gap through the sliding sleeve 55. The filling material fills the gap. After the filling material dries, it forms a protective wall layer, allowing the linear thruster 4 to contact the lining structure composed of tunnel segments. Then, the linear thruster 4 is started. The movement of the output shaft of the linear thruster 4 pushes the shield shell 1 to move along the tunnel excavation direction. The movement of the shield shell 1 is accompanied by the rotation of the cutterhead 11 to excavate the tunnel again. When the excavation section is located in a stratum with uneven hardness, such as encountering a layer of hard soil above and soft soil below, the tunnel excavation continues. When the shield machine head is under its own weight, it droops. In order to meet the tunnel axis offset requirements, the linear actuator 32 is activated. The output shaft of the linear actuator 32 moves and pushes the shield shell 1 to produce an upward angle offset, so that the shield shell 1 is in an upward posture, which corrects the excavation direction of the cutterhead 11. The activation of the linear actuator 32 will bring a sudden large load to the lining structure composed of segments. Compared with the existing technology, in this solution, the segments and the tunnel wall are organically combined through the filling material. The filling material forms a protective layer, which can exert a comprehensive effect of constraint, support and reinforcement, thereby significantly improving the deformation resistance and bearing capacity of the segments under dynamic and complex geological conditions. Therefore, it can effectively prevent the cutterhead 11 from damaging the segments during posture adjustment.

[0035] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 3 In order to adjust not only the pitch attitude of the cutterhead 11, but also the horizontal swing attitude of the cutterhead 11 and perform multi-attitude adjustment according to the tunnel excavation requirements, the attitude control mechanism 3 includes a support base 31, which is fixedly mounted on the support housing 2. The shield housing 1 is rotatably mounted on the support base 31. The number of linear actuators 32 is set to four, which are symmetrically arranged in pairs. A rotating seat 33 is rotatably mounted on the support housing 2. A linear actuator 34 is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat 33. A support base 35 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 34.

[0036] It should be noted that an external gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the rotating seat 33, and a motor is fixedly installed inside the support housing 2. A gear is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the motor, and the gear meshes with the external gear ring. The rotation of the motor output shaft drives the rotating seat 33 to rotate within the support housing 2. The linear actuator 34 is a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixedly installed inside the rotating seat 33, and the support seat 35 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0037] It should also be noted that the support base 31 is hinged to the shield shell 1. After starting the linear actuator 32, the pitch attitude of the cutterhead 11 can be adjusted. When it is necessary to adjust the horizontal swing of the cutterhead 11, the linear actuator 34 is started. The movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator 34 drives the support base 35 to move closer to the tunnel wall. When the two support bases 35 are in contact with the tunnel wall, the position angle of the rotating base 33 is restricted. At this time, the motor is started. The rotation of the motor output shaft drives the rotating base 33 to rotate relative to the support shell 2. Since the rotating base 33 is restricted by the support base 35 and cannot rotate, a relative displacement occurs between the support shell 2 and the rotating base 33. When the support shell 2 rotates 90°, the support shell 2 stops rotating. Then the linear actuator 32 is started again. The movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator 32 drives the cutterhead 11 to swing horizontally. Alternatively, according to the usage requirements, after the rotating base 33 is fixed, the support shell 2 can be driven to rotate at a corresponding angle. Then the linear actuator 32 drives the cutterhead 11 to adjust its attitude, realizing multi-angle attitude adjustment of the cutterhead 11.

[0038] Furthermore, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed inside the positioning seat 21, and the positioning seat 21 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder. The positioning seat 21 is slidably installed with the support housing 2. After the hydraulic cylinder is started, the positioning seat 21 is brought into contact with the tunnel wall, which can restrict the position of the support housing 2, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating seat 33.

[0039] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 4 To facilitate the automatic injection of filling material into the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel lining segments, the grouting mechanism 5 specifically includes a support ring 51, which is rotatably mounted on a rotating seat 33. An adjusting ring 53 is slidably mounted on the support ring 51. A linear actuator 32 is fixedly mounted on the adjusting ring 53. A delivery pipe 54 is fixedly mounted on the adjusting ring 53. A sliding sleeve 55 is slidably mounted inside the delivery pipe 54. A sealing layer is provided between the sliding sleeve 55 and the delivery pipe 54 to prevent gaps from forming between the sliding sleeves 55, which could lead to leakage of the filling material.

[0040] It should be noted that a corrugated pipe is fixedly connected to the delivery pipe 54, and the end of the corrugated pipe away from the delivery pipe 54 is fixedly connected to the pump. An external gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the support ring 51, and a motor is fixedly installed inside the rotating seat 33. A gear is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the motor, and the gear meshes with the external gear ring. The rotation of the motor output shaft drives the support ring 51 to rotate within the rotating seat 33. A linear actuator 4 56 is fixedly installed on the support ring 51. The linear actuator 4 56 is a hydraulic cylinder. The output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the adjusting ring 53, and the movement of the hydraulic cylinder output shaft drives the adjusting ring 53 to slide on the support ring 51. A guide groove is provided on the support ring 51, and a limit seat is fixedly installed on the adjusting ring 53, which slides within the guide groove. A nozzle is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve 55.

[0041] It should also be noted that after the tunnel segments are laid, the linear actuator 3 52 is activated. The movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator 3 52 drives the sliding sleeve 55 to move toward the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment. The movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator 4 56 allows the nozzle to be inserted into the gap, thereby better injecting the filling material. During the process of injecting the filling material into the gap, the rotating seat 33 remains relatively stationary, driving the support ring 51 to rotate. The rotation of the support ring 51 allows the nozzle to move along the gap, which can improve the filling efficiency of the filling material in the gap. The number of linear actuators 3 52 can be set to one or more. Multiple linear actuators 3 52 can improve work efficiency. When multiple linear actuators 3 52 are set, the support ring 51 can be reset after rotating a certain angle, and the filling material can be efficiently injected into the gap without rotating one full turn.

[0042] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 5 In geological formations, water-rich layers often exist, with high groundwater content. After tunnel excavation, the tunnel walls are often damp. If the moisture on the walls is not cleaned before injecting filling material between the tunnel walls and the tunnel segments, the filling material concentration may decrease and become diluted, reducing its adhesion and extending its curing time. This prevents the tunnel segments from forming a tight bond with the surrounding soil and thus fails to provide effective support. To address this issue, the dehumidification mechanism 6 includes a fan 62. A linear actuator 65 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 3 52. The fan 62 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 5 65, and an electric heating element 61 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 5 65. The electric heating element 61 is located above the exhaust port of the fan 62.

[0043] It should be noted that the linear actuator 565 is a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator 352, and the blower 62 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0044] It should also be noted that before laying the tunnel segments, the electric heating tube 61 is activated to bring it close to the tunnel wall, and then the adjusting ring 53 is driven to rotate, thereby increasing the temperature of the tunnel wall and thus evaporating the moisture on the tunnel wall.

[0045] Activating linear actuator 565 causes its exhaust port to approach the tunnel wall, increasing the airflow velocity on the tunnel wall and thus evaporating moisture. Simultaneously activating electric heating element 61 and fan 62 further accelerates moisture evaporation by raising the temperature and increasing airflow velocity.

[0046] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 5 In the above embodiments, the moisture on the tunnel wall is removed by heating, increasing air flow rate, or a combination of heating and increasing air flow. Unlike the above embodiments, the dehumidification mechanism 6 includes a conveyor 63, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the adjusting ring 53. The feed end of the conveyor 63 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, and the end of the connecting pipe away from the conveyor 63 is fixedly connected to a storage box, which is used to store water-blocking materials.

[0047] It should be noted that the conveyor 63 is a centrifugal pump, which can be used to convey water-blocking materials.

[0048] It should also be noted that the water-blocking material is a polymer-modified asphalt coating. Polymer-modified asphalt coating is a mixture of polymer and asphalt, which has good adhesion and waterproof performance. It can effectively prevent water penetration. The water-blocking material is sprinkled on the tunnel wall to form a water-blocking layer to prevent water from continuing to invade. After the tunnel segments are installed, the gap between the water-blocking layer and the tunnel segments is filled with filler material.

[0049] Unlike the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the moisture on the tunnel wall is first removed by a combination of heating and air intake through electric heating tube 61 and fan 62. Then, a layer of water-blocking material is sprinkled on the tunnel wall to further address the problem of high groundwater content in the water-rich layer.

[0050] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 6 Because some aquifers have high water content, groundwater seeps out and accumulates at the bottom of the tunnel. In order to clean up the seeping groundwater, water pumps are often used to pump out the accumulated water. However, the accumulated water often contains soil, and the mixture of soil and water will be pumped away with it. When the soil is pumped away, there is less soil in the tunnel, which will lead to an excessive gap between the tunnel segments and the tunnel wall, requiring more filling material and increasing construction costs. To solve this problem, a water pump 64 is fixedly installed on the regulating ring 53. The discharge end of the water pump 64 is fixedly connected to a centrifugal mud-water separator. The mud discharge end of the centrifugal mud-water separator is fixedly connected to a centrifugal pump. The discharge end of the centrifugal pump is set towards the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0051] It should be noted that the water pump 64 is a water pump. Under the action of gravity, the groundwater accumulated in the tunnel remains at the bottom of the tunnel. When the water pump is used to pump out the water, some soil will also be pumped out. The water containing soil is pumped into the centrifugal mud-water separator. The centrifugal mud-water separator separates the water from the soil. The water is discharged from the tunnel, and the soil is discharged back into the tunnel, reducing the use of filling materials.

[0052] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1 to 9 When the tunnel boring machine is excavating the tunnel in an upward-facing posture, if the stratum contains a lot of water, the water will flow downward along the tunnel's inclined direction under the action of gravity. In order to avoid excessive water affecting the laying of the tunnel segments and the injection of filling material into the gaps, a water-proofing mechanism 7 is specifically provided on the support shell 2. The water-proofing mechanism 7 includes a first partition 72 and a second partition 73. The first partition 72 and the second partition 73 expand synchronously to form a ring. The ring is used to block the tunnel area in the direction of the shield shell 1. The water-proofing mechanism 7 also includes a toothed ring 71, which is rotatably installed in the support shell 2. The toothed ring 71 has a guide hole 711. A connecting shaft 74 is fixedly installed on both the first partition 72 and the second partition 73. The connecting shaft 74 is movably installed in the corresponding guide hole 711. A gear 75 is rotatably installed in the support shell 2, and the gear 75 meshes with the toothed ring 71. Both sides of partition 1 72 are provided with grooves, and waterproof gaskets are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the grooves. Partition 2 73 is slidably installed in the grooves. A water pumping pipe 76 is fixedly installed on partition 1 72, and a mesh screen 77 is fixedly installed inside the water pumping pipe 76. A water pump is fixedly connected to the water pumping pipe 76, and the water pump is used to pump water through the water pumping pipe 76.

[0053] It should be noted that guide protrusions are fixedly provided on both partition 1 72 and partition 2 73, and limit grooves are formed inside the support housing 2, with the guide protrusions slidably disposed within the limit grooves. A motor is fixedly installed inside the support housing 2, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to gear 75.

[0054] It should also be noted that after the cutterhead 11 has finished excavating and before the tunnel segments are laid, the motor is started. The rotation of the motor output shaft drives the gear 75 to rotate. The gear 75 meshes with the gear ring 71, which in turn drives the gear ring 71 to rotate. The rotation of the gear ring 71 causes the guide hole 711 to rotate. The rotation of the guide hole 711, in conjunction with the limiting groove, causes the first partition 72 and the second partition 73 to expand outward synchronously. The first partition 72 and the second partition 73 form a ring, which blocks the gap between the cutterhead 11 and the support ring 51. When the tunnel is inclined upward, this can prevent water from flowing downward along the tunnel's inclination direction. Furthermore, the water can be actively collected through the pumping pipe 76. Since the first partition 72 has a groove, the first partition 72 and the second partition 73 will not interfere with each other during the contraction and expansion process.

[0055] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 10 A method for attitude control of a shield tunneling device in water-rich, unevenly hard strata includes the following steps: Step 1: Drive the cutterhead 11 to rotate, and drive the shield shell 1 to move through the linear thruster 4 to excavate the tunnel; Step 2: When tunneling to the upper hard and lower soft stratum, adjust the cutterhead 11 upward by moving the output shaft of the linear drive 32 to prevent the cutterhead 11 from sinking or shifting downward. Step 3: Pump the water from the tunnel wall using pump 64, and then use electric heating pipe 61 and fan 62 to accelerate the evaporation of moisture from the tunnel wall surface, so that the tunnel wall is in a dry state. Step 4: Lay the tunnel segments on the tunnel wall and inject filler material between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments through the sliding sleeve 55. After the filler material dries, eliminate the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments, so that the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments fit tightly together. Step 5: The linear thruster 4 reaches the pipe segment, and the linear thruster 4 drives the cutterhead 11 to continue working in the tunneling direction.

[0056] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata, characterized in that, include: A shield housing (1) is provided with a cutterhead (11) rotatably mounted on it. A support housing (2) is provided on the shield housing (1). The shield housing (1) and the support housing (2) are rotatably mounted together. An attitude control mechanism (3) is provided on the support housing (2). The attitude control mechanism (3) includes a linear actuator (32). The linear actuator (32) is rotatably mounted on the support housing (2). The output shaft of the linear actuator (32) is rotatably mounted with the shield housing (1). The movement of the output shaft of the linear actuator (32) is used to control the attitude of the shield housing (1). The support housing (2) is provided with a grouting mechanism (5), which includes a linear actuator (52). A sliding sleeve (55) is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the linear actuator (52). The sliding sleeve (55) is used to transport the filling material between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment. A linear thruster (4) is provided on the support housing (2). The output shaft of the linear thruster (4) moves after abutting the pipe plate to drive the cutterhead (11) to move along the tunneling direction. The output shaft of the linear drive three (52) is provided with a dehumidification mechanism (6), which is used to keep the humidity of the tunnel wall surface within a safe range. The safe range refers to the relatively dry state of the filling material located between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segment.

2. The shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attitude control mechanism (3) includes a support base (31), which is fixedly mounted on the support housing (2). The shield housing (1) is rotatably mounted on the support base (31). The number of linear actuators (32) is set to four, and the four linear actuators (32) are symmetrically arranged in pairs. A rotating seat (33) is rotatably mounted on the support housing (2). A linear actuator (34) is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat (33). A support base (35) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the linear actuator (34).

3. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grouting mechanism (5) includes a support ring (51), which is rotatably disposed with a rotating seat (33). An adjusting ring (53) is slidably disposed on the support ring (51). The linear actuator (52) is fixedly disposed on the adjusting ring (53). A delivery pipe (54) is fixedly disposed on the adjusting ring (53). The sliding sleeve (55) is slidably disposed inside the delivery pipe (54).

4. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dehumidification mechanism (6) includes a fan (62), a linear driver five (65) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the linear driver three (52), the fan (62) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the linear driver five (65), and an electric heating tube (61) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the linear driver five (65). The electric heating tube (61) is located above the exhaust port of the fan (62).

5. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dehumidification mechanism (6) includes a conveyor (63), which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the adjusting ring (53). The feed end of the conveyor (63) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, and the end of the connecting pipe away from the conveyor (63) is fixedly connected to a storage box. The storage box is used to store water-blocking materials.

6. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water pump (64) is fixedly installed on the regulating ring (53). The discharge end of the water pump (64) is fixedly connected to a centrifugal mud-water separator. The discharge end of the centrifugal mud-water separator is fixedly connected to a centrifugal pump. The discharge end of the centrifugal pump is set towards the inner wall of the tunnel.

7. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The supporting shell (2) is provided with a water-proofing mechanism (7). The water-proofing mechanism (7) includes a first partition (72) and a second partition (73). The first partition (72) and the second partition (73) expand synchronously to form a ring. The ring is used to block the tunnel area in the direction of the shield shell (1). The water-proofing mechanism (7) also includes a toothed ring (71). The toothed ring (71) is rotatably disposed in the supporting shell (2). The toothed ring (71) is provided with a guide hole (711). The first partition (72) and the second partition (73) are both fixedly provided with a connecting shaft (74). The connecting shaft (74) is movably disposed in the corresponding guide hole (711). The supporting shell (2) is rotatably provided with a gear (75). The gear (75) meshes with the toothed ring (71).

8. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first partition (72) has grooves on both sides, and a waterproof pad is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the groove. The second partition (73) is slidably installed in the groove.

9. A shield tunneling device for water-rich, unevenly hard strata according to claim 8, characterized in that: A water pumping pipe (76) is fixedly installed on the partition (72), and a mesh (77) is fixedly installed inside the water pumping pipe (76). A water pump is fixedly connected to the water pumping pipe (76), and the water pump is used to pump water through the water pumping pipe (76).

10. A method for attitude control of a shield tunneling device in water-rich, unevenly hard strata as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Drive the cutterhead (11) to rotate and drive the shield shell (1) to move through the linear thruster (4) to excavate the tunnel; Step 2: When tunneling to the upper hard and lower soft stratum, adjust the cutterhead (11) upward by moving the output shaft of the linear drive (32) to prevent the cutterhead (11) from sinking and shifting downward; Step 3: Pump out the water on the tunnel wall using a water pump (64), and then use an electric heating pipe (61) and a fan (62) to accelerate the evaporation of moisture on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, so that the tunnel wall is in a dry state. Step 4: Lay the tunnel segments on the tunnel wall and inject filling material between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments through the sliding sleeve (55). After the filling material dries, eliminate the gap between the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments, so that the tunnel wall and the tunnel segments fit tightly together. Step 5: The linear thruster (4) abuts against the pipe section, and the linear thruster (4) drives the cutterhead (11) to continue working in the tunneling direction.

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