A high-parameter large-capacity expander and an assembling method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a high-parameter large-capacity expander and an assembling method thereof, and is suitable for the demand of medium and high parameter waste heat utilization power generation device. The expander comprises a cylinder body, a front support and a rear support. The cylinder body comprises a gas inlet cylinder and a gas outlet cylinder which are connected. The gas inlet cylinder is placed on the front support through a front clamp, and the gas outlet cylinder is placed on the rear support through a rear clamp. A rotor is arranged in the cylinder body. A nozzle ring seat is sleeved on the rotor. The nozzle ring seat is fixedly connected with the gas inlet cylinder. A nozzle ring is arranged in the nozzle ring seat. An air seal is arranged between the nozzle ring and the rotor. A bearing box is arranged on the front support. The front end of the rotor is supported on the bearing box through a front bearing. A flow channel inner cavity is arranged at the axial position of the gas outlet cylinder. The flow channel of the gas outlet cylinder is located outside the flow channel inner cavity. The rear end of the rotor is supported in the flow channel inner cavity of the gas outlet cylinder through a rear bearing. A sealing seat is arranged at the front end of the gas inlet cylinder. A front seal is arranged between the front end of the rotor and the sealing seat. A rear seal is arranged between the rear end of the rotor and the flow channel inner cavity of the gas outlet cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of expander technology, and in particular to a high-parameter, large-capacity expander and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] In conventional low-temperature ORC Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation systems, the expander operates at low temperatures and pressures, resulting in minimal thermal expansion of the expander cylinder. Most of the thermal expansion relies on the structural deformation of the expander cylinder itself for absorption, leading to poor thermal adaptability. Furthermore, due to the small power generation capacity and overall small size, the parts are easy to process. During the design and fitting of the parts, the cumulative tolerance error is small, and general tolerance dimensions can ensure the clearance between moving and stationary parts.

[0003] In certain special high-temperature, high-power ORC Rankine cycle waste heat utilization power generation systems, the expander, due to its high operating temperature, large thermal expansion, and large volume, is no longer suitable for the needs of medium and high parameter waste heat utilization power generation devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-parameter, large-capacity expander and its assembly method to meet the needs of medium- and high-parameter waste heat utilization power generation devices.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: A high-parameter, large-capacity expander includes an expander cylinder body, a front support (21), and a rear support (23). The expander cylinder body is cylindrical and symmetrical. The expander cylinder body includes an intake cylinder and an exhaust cylinder. The intake cylinder allows air to enter radially, and the exhaust cylinder allows air to exit axially. The intake cylinder is placed on the front support via a front gripper, and the exhaust cylinder is placed on the rear support via a rear gripper. A rotor (15) is provided inside the expander cylinder body. A nozzle ring seat (8) is loosely fitted on the rotor (15). The nozzle ring seat (8) is fixedly connected to the intake cylinder. A nozzle ring (9) is installed inside the nozzle ring seat (8). An air seal (36) is provided between the nozzle ring (9) and the rotor (15). The front support (21) is provided with a bearing housing (2), the bearing housing (2) has a front end cover, the front end of the rotor (15) is supported on the bearing housing (2) by the front bearing (1), the exhaust cylinder has a flow channel cavity at the axial center position, the flow channel of the exhaust cylinder is located outside the flow channel cavity, the rear end of the rotor (15) is supported in the flow channel cavity of the exhaust cylinder by the rear bearing (12), the front end of the intake cylinder (5) is provided with a sealing seat (4), the front end of the rotor (15) and the sealing seat (4) are provided with a front seal (3), the rear end of the rotor (15) and the flow channel cavity of the exhaust cylinder are also provided with a rear seal (11), the rear seal (11) is located in front of the rear bearing (12), the rotor is provided with a thrust plate (13), the thrust plate (13) is fixed on the rotor by a heat sleeve, the rotor takes the position of the thrust plate as the axial expansion dead point, the thrust plate (13) is located in the bearing housing (2), the thrust plate (13) cooperates with the front bearing (1) and the front end cover of the bearing housing (2) for axial limiting; A transverse pressure block (20) is fixed on the front support. The pressure block (20) presses against the front gripper for vertical limitation. A front gripper cross pin (22) is provided at the contact part between the front support and the front gripper. The expansion cylinder body uses the position of the front gripper cross pin as the axial expansion dead point. The upper end of the rear support is supported by a slider through a rear gripper longitudinal pin (24). The upper end of the slider is supported by a rear gripper cross pin (25). A vertical pin (14) is provided between the bottom of the intake cylinder and the bottom of the front support. A longitudinal pin (16) is provided between the bottom of the exhaust cylinder and the rear support. The vertical pin (14) and the longitudinal pin (16) correspond to the axis of the expansion cylinder body. A slider is provided at the upper end of the rear support. A rear gripper longitudinal pin (24) is installed between the slider and the rear support. A rear gripper cross pin (25) is provided between the upper end of the slider and the rear gripper of the exhaust cylinder. The rear support and slider combination jointly support the exhaust cylinder and ensure the normal expansion of the cylinder body.

[0006] The bearing housing (2) includes an upper bearing cover (17) and a lower bearing cover (18) that are connected to each other. The two sides of the lower bearing cover (18) are supported on the front support by the bearing housing adjustment pad (19). The bearing housing adjustment pad (19) separates the bearing housing from the intake cylinder. The position of the bearing housing (2) is adjusted by the bearing housing adjustment pad (19) to ensure the coaxiality of the front bearing and the rear bearing.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing seat is provided with four adjustment structures in the radial direction. The adjustment structure includes an installation groove on the edge of the sealing seat. A radial positioning block is fitted in the installation groove with a clearance. The outer edge of the radial positioning block is an arc shape corresponding to the intake cylinder (5). The radial positioning block is fixed on the sealing seat (4) by a radial adjustment block clamping screw. A radial adjustment shim (27) is provided between the radial positioning block and the bottom of the installation groove. The radial position of the sealing seat is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the radial adjustment shim to ensure the coaxiality of the front seal, the rear seal and the rear bearing.

[0008] Preferably, the nozzle ring (9) includes an upper half and a lower half fixedly connected by upper and lower half connecting screws (29). The lower half of the nozzle ring (9) is symmetrically provided with nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) on the left and right sides. The nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) are L-shaped. The vertical wall of the nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) is fixed to the nozzle ring seat (8) by adjusting pad fixing screws (32). The flat wall of the nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) supports the lower half of the nozzle ring (9). The lower half of the nozzle ring pressing block (30) is pressed by the pressing block tightening screw. The nail (31) is fixed on the nozzle ring upper and lower adjustment pad (33) and presses the lower half of the nozzle ring (9). The bottom of the lower half of the nozzle ring (9) is fitted with the nozzle ring left and right adjustment pad (35) by the left and right adjustment block fixing screw (34). The nozzle ring left and right adjustment pad (35) is fitted with the nozzle ring seat (8) with a gap. By adjusting the nozzle ring upper and lower adjustment pad (33) and nozzle ring left and right adjustment pad (35) of different thicknesses, the left and right and upper and lower positions of the nozzle ring are adjusted to ensure the air seal gap between the air seal and the rotor.

[0009] An assembly method based on a high-parameter, large-capacity expander. S1. Prepare assembly fixtures The tooling used for assembling the expander includes a deep groove ball bearing (37), a bearing support frame (38), a short alignment dummy shaft (39), a long alignment dummy shaft (40), a support platform (41), an axial adjustment block for the bearing housing (42), a radial adjustment block for the bearing housing (43), and a clearance adjustment disc (44). Four tightening screws are evenly arranged radially on the bearing support frame. These screws are used to adjust the position of the deep groove ball bearing. Two screws are provided on the radial adjustment block (43) of the bearing housing. One screw is used to connect and fix the radial adjustment block (43) of the bearing housing, and the other screw is used to control the left and right movement of the bearing housing. A screw is provided on the axial adjustment block (42) of the bearing housing, which is used to control the forward and backward movement of the bearing housing; The clearance adjustment disc (44) is used to make clearance fit with the short alignment dummy shaft (39); S2, Assembly expander Step 1: Use a long calibrating dummy shaft (40) to calibrate. Assemble the intake and exhaust cylinders. Place the front gripper on the front support and hold it in place with a pressure block. Support the lower part of the intake cylinder with a support platform. Place the rear gripper on the rear support and install the front gripper cross pin, vertical pin, and longitudinal pin, as well as the rear gripper cross pin and rear gripper longitudinal pin. Install the bearing support frame, deep groove ball bearing, and long alignment dummy shaft inside the expander cylinder body in sequence. The two ends of the long alignment dummy shaft are supported inside the expander cylinder body by the deep groove ball bearing and the bearing support frame. Place the dial indicator on the end face and radial face of the long alignment dummy shaft. The pointer should point to the inner hole and end face of the rear bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft. According to the dial indicator reading, rotate the screw on the bearing support frame to control the position of the deep groove ball bearing, and then adjust the position of the long alignment dummy shaft. The alignment accuracy of the long alignment dummy shaft should be within 0.01mm. Step 2: Align the seal seat and bearing housing Place the dial indicator on the radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the thickness of the radial adjustment shims on the sealing seat according to the dial indicator reading to control the position of the sealing seat. Align the inner hole of the sealing seat. After alignment, make a positioning pin between the sealing seat and the intake cylinder. Mark the positions of each adjustment shim on the sealing seat. Similarly, place the dial indicator on the end face and radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, with the pointer pointing to the inner hole and end face of the front bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the horizontal position of the bearing housing using the bearing housing axial adjustment block and bearing housing radial adjustment block according to the dial indicator reading. Adjust the thickness of the bearing housing adjustment shims to control the vertical position of the bearing housing. Align the bearing housing with an alignment accuracy within 0.01mm. After alignment, make a positioning pin between the bearing housing and the front support. Mark the positions of each adjustment shim. Step 3: Nozzle ring alignment Remove the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly and the long alignment dummy shaft in sequence, and replace it with the short alignment dummy shaft. The front end of the short alignment dummy shaft is supported in the sealing seat and the front end of the intake cylinder by a deep groove ball bearing and a bearing support frame. Align the short alignment dummy shaft with an alignment accuracy within 0.01mm. The short alignment dummy shaft is aligned with the bearing center as the reference and the alignment method of the long alignment dummy shaft is followed, with an accuracy within 0.01mm. Install the gap adjustment plate (44) on the short alignment dummy shaft, install the lower half of the nozzle ring seat (8) in the intake cylinder, place the lower half of the first nozzle ring in the lower half of the nozzle ring seat (8), and adjust the left and right and up and down positions of the lower half of the nozzle ring so that the gap between the lower half of the nozzle ring and the gap adjustment plate (44) on both sides and the lower end is equal. Similarly, install the lower half of the other nozzle rings in sequence, move the gap adjustment plate (44), and adjust the installation position of the lower half of the nozzle ring from the inside to the outside along the axial direction to ensure that its position is correct. Step 4: Rotor Assembly After alignment is completed, remove the clearance adjustment plate, short alignment dummy shaft, bearing support frame and deep groove ball bearing in sequence. Take out the lower half of the nozzle ring seat and the lower half of the nozzle ring assembly, place the rotor in the nozzle ring seat, and then install the upper half of each nozzle ring and the upper half of the nozzle ring seat in sequence. After the rotor and nozzle ring seat are installed, install a lifting ring on the upper part of the nozzle ring seat, use a hook to horizontally suspend the nozzle ring seat and rotor assembly, axially insert the nozzle ring seat and rotor assembly into the intake cylinder, and connect the nozzle ring sleeve to the intake cylinder. The air seal is installed in this step as needed; Step 5: Final Assembly Install the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly, rear seal, rear bearing, front seal, bearing housing, front bearing, and thrust plate in sequence, then remove the support platform. The final assembly is complete.

[0010] Thanks to the aforementioned technical solutions, the expander described in this invention ensures safe and stable operation under high-parameter and large-capacity conditions. Through innovative designs such as a thermal expansion guiding system, adjustable steam seal structure, and independent bearing insulation arrangement, the expander operates safely and stably in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. The independently adjustable placement of the front bearing housing allows for positional adjustment, avoiding the conventional method of machining the expander cylinder body to ensure coaxiality of the front and rear bearings, thus reducing the machining precision and difficulty of the expander cylinder body. Simultaneously, it prevents the front bearing from being affected by high temperatures, ensuring safe bearing operation. The highly creatively designed specialized tooling and ingenious assembly alignment method greatly improve the coaxiality accuracy of the front and rear bearings, preventing uneven contact between the shaft and bearing bush, and improving bearing operational stability and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the expander; Figure 2 This is an external view of the expander; Figure 3 Here is a structural diagram of the sealing seat; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the nozzle ring seat and nozzle ring; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal expansion direction of the expander; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a deep groove ball bearing; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a bearing support frame; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a short alignment dummy axis; Figure 9 A schematic diagram for locating a false axis for long-range alignment; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support platform; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the axial adjustment block for the bearing housing; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the radial adjustment block of the bearing housing; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the gap adjustment disc; Figure 14a , 14b This is a schematic diagram of the first step of assembly; Figure 15a , 15b This is a schematic diagram of the second assembly step; Figure 16a , 16b This is a schematic diagram of the third assembly step; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram for the fourth step of assembly; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram for the fifth step of assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0012] Expander structure as follows Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the basic introduction is as follows: 1. The expander has a cylindrical structure, is symmetrical from left to right, and allows for radial full-circumference air intake and axial exhaust. The intake cylinder and exhaust cylinder are connected by bolts, and two locating pins are provided on the mating surfaces to ensure accurate positioning and reassembly of the front and exhaust cylinders.

[0013] 2. The expander cylinder is placed on the front support and the rear support via the front gripper and the rear gripper. The contact area between the front support and the front gripper is provided with a front gripper cross pin. The position of the front gripper cross pin is the axial expansion dead point of the expander cylinder. The contact area between the rear support and the rear gripper is provided with a rear gripper cross pin and a rear gripper longitudinal pin. The bottom of the intake cylinder and the bottom of the front support are provided with vertical pins. The bottom of the exhaust cylinder and the bottom of the rear support are provided with longitudinal pins.

[0014] 3. The front bearing is housed in a bearing housing, which consists of an upper bearing cover and a lower bearing cover. Locating pins are installed on the mating surfaces of the upper and lower bearing covers to ensure precise positioning and reassembly. The bearing housing is placed on the front support, with an adjusting shim 19 between them for easy adjustment of the bearing housing horizontally and vertically. This adjustment ensures high-precision coaxiality between the front and rear bearings. Due to the high operating temperature of the intake cylinder, the bearing housing is completely separated from the intake cylinder to prevent the front bearing from being affected by the high temperature of the expander cylinder. The rear bearing is placed inside the exhaust cylinder flow passage.

[0015] 4. The front seal is placed inside the sealing seat, and the rear seal is placed inside the exhaust cylinder flow channel. The sealing seat has a radial adjustment structure. By adjusting the thickness of the radial adjustment shim, the radial position of the sealing seat can be adjusted to ensure that the front seal, the rear seal, and the rear bearing have a high degree of coaxiality, thereby improving the sealing effect and sealing life.

[0016] 5. The nozzle ring seat is bolted to the inner cavity of the intake cylinder, and a locating pin is provided on the mating surface to improve the positioning accuracy and reassembly capability of the nozzle ring seat and the intake cylinder. The top of the nozzle ring seat has double lifting ring holes. The nozzle ring seat consists of an upper and lower half, with locating pins on the mating surfaces of both halves to ensure precise positioning and reassembly capability. The nozzle ring is supported within the nozzle ring seat by adjusting shims. By adjusting the thickness of the adjusting shims, the nozzle ring can be adjusted left, right, up, and down to ensure that the air seal gap between the air seal and the rotor is within the design range, avoiding reliance on high-precision machining to guarantee the air seal gap and saving costs.

[0017] 6. The rotor is placed inside the expander cylinder and supported at both ends by bearings. A thrust plate is installed on the rotor and is fixed to the rotor by a heat sleeve. The rotor expands axially with the position of the thrust plate as the dead point.

[0018] The thermal expansion direction of the expander is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the basic introduction is as follows: After the expander starts operating, both the expander cylinder and rotor undergo thermal expansion due to temperature. The expander cylinder expands axially in the positive X and Y directions, starting from the transverse pin. The vertical pin ensures uniform expansion of the expander cylinder along the centerline, i.e., the Z-axis direction. The longitudinal pin and the rear gripper pin ensure axial expansion of the expander cylinder along the centerline, i.e., the positive X direction. The transverse pin and the rear gripper pin form a composite sliding pin to ensure symmetrical and uniform expansion of the expander cylinder in the Y-axis direction. The rotor expands axially in the positive X direction, with the thrust plate as the dead point. The thrust plate is positioned on the same side as the expander cylinder's transverse pin and is axially close to it to ensure that both the expander cylinder and rotor expand along the positive X direction after heating. This ensures equal expansion at corresponding points on the impeller and nozzle in the X direction, maintains the clearance between the rotor impeller and nozzle ring stages, and prevents dynamic and static collisions.

[0019] II. Expander Assembly Fixture The tooling used in assembling the expander includes deep groove ball bearings, bearing support brackets, short shafts, long shafts, supports, bearing housing axial adjustment blocks, bearing housing radial adjustment blocks, and clearance adjustment discs. Schematic diagrams of each component are shown below: The assembly tooling for the expander is described below: 1. Four tightening screws are evenly arranged radially on the bearing support frame. The screws are used to adjust the position of the deep groove ball bearing.

[0020] 2. The dummy shaft has a top hole and a round hole at both ends. The top hole is easy to machine, and the round hole makes it easy to rotate the dummy shaft using tools.

[0021] 3. Two screws are provided on the radial adjustment block, one for fixing the adjustment block and the other for controlling the left and right movement of the bearing housing.

[0022] 4. A screw is installed on the axial adjustment block, which is used to control the up and down movement of the bearing housing.

[0023] 5. The clearance adjustment plate and the dummy shaft are fitted with a small clearance, which ensures progress and facilitates the axial movement of the clearance adjustment plate.

[0024] III. Expander Assembly Method Step 1: Align the false axis. For example... Figure 14a , 14b As shown, assemble the intake and exhaust cylinders. Place the front gripper of the cylinder on the front support and hold it in place with a pressure block. Support the lower part of the intake cylinder with a support platform. Place the rear gripper on the rear support and install the horizontal pin, vertical pin, longitudinal pin, rear gripper horizontal pin, and rear gripper longitudinal pin. Install the bearing support bracket, deep groove ball bearing, and long alignment dummy shaft sequentially inside the expander cylinder body. Place a dial indicator on the end face and radial face of the long alignment dummy shaft. The pointer should point to the inner hole and end face of the rear bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft. Based on the dial indicator reading, rotate the screws on the bearing support bracket to control the position of the deep groove ball bearing, thereby adjusting the position of the alignment dummy shaft. Align the long alignment dummy shaft with an alignment accuracy within 0.01mm.

[0025] Step 2: Align the seal seat and the bearing housing. For example... Figure 15a , 15b As shown, place the dial indicator on the radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the thickness of the radial adjustment shims on the sealing seat according to the dial indicator reading. Control the position of the sealing seat and align the inner hole of the sealing seat. After alignment, install a locating pin between the sealing seat and the intake cylinder, and mark the positions of each adjustment shim. Similarly, place the dial indicator on the end face and radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, with the pointer pointing to the inner hole and end face of the front bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the horizontal position of the bearing housing using the axial and radial adjustment blocks of the bearing housing according to the dial indicator reading. Adjust the thickness of the bearing housing adjustment shims to control the vertical position of the bearing housing, and align the bearing housing with an alignment accuracy within 0.01mm. After alignment, install a locating pin between the bearing housing and the front support, and mark the positions of each adjustment shim.

[0026] Step 3: Align the nozzle ring. For example... Figure 16a , 16bAs shown, the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly, and the long alignment dummy shaft are removed sequentially, and replaced with the short alignment dummy shaft. The short alignment dummy shaft is aligned using the bearing center as a reference, following the alignment method in step two, with an accuracy within 0.01mm. The front end of the short alignment dummy shaft is supported in the sealing seat and the front end of the intake cylinder by a deep groove ball bearing and bearing support frame, and a clearance adjustment plate 44 is installed on the short alignment dummy shaft. The lower half of the nozzle ring is installed on the intake cylinder, and the lower half of the nozzle ring is placed inside the nozzle ring. The thickness of the upper and lower adjustment blocks and the left and right adjustment blocks of the nozzle ring are adjusted so that the clearance values ​​S1, S2, and S3 are all equal. After adjustment, the adjustment shims are tightened with screws. Similarly, the lower half of the nozzle ring is installed sequentially, and the clearance adjustment plate 44 is moved to adjust and measure from the inside to the outside along the axial direction. After alignment, the rotor is placed in the nozzle ring seat, and the upper half of each nozzle ring and the upper half of the nozzle ring seat are installed sequentially. In this step, the rotor is not equipped with a thrust plate.

[0027] Step 4: Rotor assembly. (For example...) Figure 17 As shown, after alignment is completed, the clearance adjustment plate, short alignment dummy shaft, bearing support frame, and deep groove ball bearing are removed in sequence. The nozzle ring seat, nozzle ring, air seal, and other assemblies are lifted out, the rotor is placed in the nozzle ring seat, and then the upper half of each nozzle ring and the upper half of the nozzle ring seat are installed in sequence.

[0028] After installing the rotor and nozzle ring seat according to the diagram, install a lifting ring on the upper part of the nozzle ring seat, use a hook to horizontally suspend the nozzle ring seat and rotor assembly, and slowly insert the assembly axially into the intake cylinder. Tighten the connecting screws and locating pins between the nozzle ring and the intake cylinder.

[0029] Step 5: Final assembly. (e.g., ...) Figure 18 As shown, install the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly, rear seal, rear bearing, front seal, bearing housing, front bearing, thrust plate, etc. in sequence, remove the support platform, and the final assembly is complete.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] I. Compared with conventional expander structures, the expander structure of this invention has the following structural features and beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The expander has a symmetrical structure, with a front gripping horizontal pin, vertical pin, longitudinal pin, rear gripping longitudinal pin, and rear gripping horizontal pin forming a guide pin system. This system ensures uniform expansion of the expander cylinder under high temperature, reduces or eliminates expansion stress, improves the expander's temperature adaptability, broadens its application scenarios, and promotes the development of expanders in high-temperature applications.

[0033] 2. The expander bearing housing is independently arranged and can be adjusted left, right, up, and down. This adjustment ensures high-precision coaxiality between the front and rear bearings, avoiding the conventional method of achieving coaxiality through the assembly of the expander cylinder. This reduces the machining precision and difficulty of the expander cylinder, decreases bearing residual load and unbalanced wear, prevents vibration, and improves bearing operational stability and service life. The bearing housing is completely separated from the intake cylinder, preventing the front bearing from being affected by the high temperature of the expander cylinder, preventing bearing lubricant emulsification and high-temperature sintering damage to the bearing alloy, and improving bearing operational safety and stability.

[0034] 3. The expansion machine seal seat mounting surface is equipped with a radially adjustable structure to ensure high coaxiality between the front seal, the rear seal, and the rear bearing, thereby improving the sealing effect and seal life.

[0035] 4. Adjustment blocks are provided on the radial circumference of the expander nozzle ring. By adjusting the thickness of the adjustment blocks, the nozzle ring can be adjusted up, down, left, and right on the radial cross section to ensure that the air seal gap between the air seal and the rotor is within the design range, avoiding the need to rely on high-precision machining to ensure the air seal gap and saving costs.

[0036] 5. The thrust plate is set on the same side as the cross pin of the expander cylinder and the axial position is close to ensure that when the expander cylinder and rotor expand along the positive X direction after being heated, the expansion amount of each corresponding point of the impeller and nozzle ring is equal, ensuring the clearance between the rotor impeller and the nozzle ring stage, preventing dynamic and static collisions, effectively improving the temperature adaptability of the expander and increasing the safety of unit operation.

[0037] II. Features and Benefits of the Expander Assembly Fixture Described in This Article 1. All easily damaged parts in the tooling are standard parts, such as deep groove ball bearings and screws, which are inexpensive and highly replaceable after damage.

[0038] 2. Assembly accuracy is mainly determined by standard measuring instruments such as dial indicators, and is less affected by the accuracy of the tooling itself, so the assembly accuracy is controllable.

[0039] 3. When aligning the tooling dummy shaft, the rotational motion of the dummy shaft is achieved through a deep groove ball bearing, avoiding the use of the traditional hole-shaft mating rotation method, reducing mating friction, preventing damage to the tooling surface, and improving the tooling service life.

[0040] 4. The tooling principle is simple and highly reliable. The rotating dummy shaft is equipped with a round hole, which makes it easy to operate with tools; the rolling bearing makes the rotation smoother and less strenuous.

[0041] III. Characteristics and Beneficial Effects of the Expander Assembly Method Described in This Article The method and steps are simple and clear, scientific and feasible, and highly practical and feasible, with great significance for promotion and reference.

[0042] 2. High assembly precision. Assembly is achieved by establishing alignment benchmarks at each stage. The accuracy of these benchmarks is largely determined by the measuring instruments, resulting in small alignment errors and high precision.

[0043] 3. Assembly precision is controllable. Depending on the expander's usage requirements and application scenarios, assembly precision can be dynamically adjusted by improving the accuracy of measuring instruments.

[0044] 4. It solves the problems of difficult axial assembly and low installation accuracy of heavy components in high-parameter, large-capacity expansion mechanisms, avoids the method of controlling assembly accuracy by combining and processing individual components, and reduces assembly costs and difficulty.

[0045] In this invention, all horizontal pins, vertical pins, and slant pins are sliding pins, fixedly connected to one of two adjacent components while slidingly engaging with the other, allowing the two adjacent components to slide relative to each other. Adjusting the thickness refers to replacing parts with parts of different thicknesses.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-parameter, large-capacity expander, comprising an expander cylinder body, a front support (21), and a rear support (23), wherein the expander cylinder body is cylindrical and symmetrically arranged on both sides, the expander cylinder body includes an intake cylinder and an exhaust cylinder, the intake cylinder radially intakes air, the exhaust cylinder axially exhausts air, the intake cylinder is placed on the front support via a front gripper, the exhaust cylinder is placed on the rear support via a rear gripper, a rotor (15) is provided inside the expander cylinder body, a nozzle ring seat (8) is loosely fitted on the rotor (15), the nozzle ring seat (8) is fixedly connected to the intake cylinder, a nozzle ring (9) is installed inside the nozzle ring seat (8), and an air seal (36) is provided between the nozzle ring (9) and the rotor (15), characterized in that: The front support (21) is provided with a bearing housing (2), the bearing housing (2) has a front end cover, the front end of the rotor (15) is supported on the bearing housing (2) by the front bearing (1), the exhaust cylinder has a flow channel cavity at the axial center position, the flow channel of the exhaust cylinder is located outside the flow channel cavity, the rear end of the rotor (15) is supported in the flow channel cavity of the exhaust cylinder by the rear bearing (12), the front end of the intake cylinder (5) is provided with a sealing seat (4), the front end of the rotor (15) and the sealing seat (4) are provided with a front seal (3), the rear end of the rotor (15) and the flow channel cavity of the exhaust cylinder are also provided with a rear seal (11), the rear seal (11) is located in front of the rear bearing (12), the rotor is provided with a thrust plate (13), the thrust plate (13) is fixed on the rotor by a heat sleeve, the rotor takes the position of the thrust plate as the axial expansion dead point, the thrust plate (13) is located in the bearing housing (2), the thrust plate (13) cooperates with the front bearing (1) and the front end cover of the bearing housing (2) for axial limiting; A transverse pressure block (20) is fixed on the front support. The pressure block (20) presses on the front gripper for vertical limitation. A front gripper horizontal pin (22) is provided at the contact part between the front support and the front gripper. The expansion cylinder body uses the position of the front gripper horizontal pin as the axial expansion dead point. The upper end of the rear support is supported by a slider through the rear gripper longitudinal pin (24). The upper end of the slider is supported by the rear gripper horizontal pin (25). A vertical pin (14) is provided between the bottom of the intake cylinder and the bottom of the front support. A longitudinal pin (16) is provided between the bottom of the exhaust cylinder and the rear support. The vertical pin (14) and the longitudinal pin (16) correspond to the axis of the expansion cylinder body. The bearing housing (2) includes an upper bearing cover (17) and a lower bearing cover (18) that are connected to each other. The two sides of the lower bearing cover (18) are supported on the front support by the bearing housing adjustment pad (19). The bearing housing adjustment pad (19) separates the bearing housing from the intake cylinder. The position of the bearing housing (2) is adjusted by the bearing housing adjustment pad (19) to ensure the coaxiality of the front bearing and the rear bearing.

2. The high-parameter, large-capacity expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing seat is radially provided with four adjustment structures. The adjustment structures include an installation groove located on the edge of the sealing seat. A radial positioning block is fitted in the installation groove with a clearance. The outer edge of the radial positioning block is an arc shape corresponding to the intake cylinder (5). The radial positioning block is fixed on the sealing seat (4) by a radial adjustment block clamping screw. A radial adjustment shim (27) is provided between the radial positioning block and the bottom of the installation groove. The radial position of the sealing seat is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the radial adjustment shim to ensure the coaxiality of the front seal, the rear seal, and the rear bearing.

3. The high-parameter, large-capacity expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle ring (9) includes an upper half and a lower half, which are fixed together by upper and lower half connecting screws (29). The lower half of the nozzle ring (9) is symmetrically provided with nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) on both sides. The nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) are L-shaped. The vertical wall of the nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) is fixed to the nozzle ring seat (8) by adjusting pad fixing screws (32). The flat wall of the nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pads (33) supports the lower half of the nozzle ring (9). The lower half pressure block (30) of the nozzle ring is clamped by a pressure block clamping screw (29). 31) The nozzle ring is fixed on the upper and lower adjusting pad (33) and the lower half of the nozzle ring (9) is pressed. The bottom of the lower half of the nozzle ring (9) is fitted with the nozzle ring left and right adjusting pad (35) by the left and right adjusting block fixing screw (34). The nozzle ring left and right adjusting pad (35) is fitted with the nozzle ring seat (8) with a gap. The nozzle ring left and right and upper and lower positions are adjusted by adjusting the nozzle ring upper and lower adjusting pad (33) and nozzle ring left and right adjusting pad (35) of different thicknesses to ensure the air seal gap between the air seal and the rotor.

4. An assembly method based on the high-parameter, large-capacity expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: S1. Prepare assembly fixtures The tooling used for assembling the expander includes a deep groove ball bearing (37), a bearing support frame (38), a short alignment dummy shaft (39), a long alignment dummy shaft (40), a support platform (41), an axial adjustment block for the bearing housing (42), a radial adjustment block for the bearing housing (43), and a clearance adjustment disc (44). Four tightening screws are evenly arranged radially on the bearing support frame. These screws are used to adjust the position of the deep groove ball bearing. Two screws are provided on the radial adjustment block (43) of the bearing housing. One screw is used to connect and fix the radial adjustment block (43) of the bearing housing, and the other screw is used to control the left and right movement of the bearing housing. A screw is provided on the axial adjustment block (42) of the bearing housing, which is used to control the forward and backward movement of the bearing housing; The clearance adjustment disc (44) is used to make clearance fit with the short alignment dummy shaft (39); S2, Assembly expander Step 1: Use a long calibrating dummy shaft (40) to calibrate. Assemble the intake and exhaust cylinders. Place the front gripper on the front support and hold it in place with a pressure block. Support the lower part of the intake cylinder with a support platform. Place the rear gripper on the rear support and install the front gripper cross pin, vertical pin, and longitudinal pin, as well as the rear gripper cross pin and rear gripper longitudinal pin. Install the bearing support frame, deep groove ball bearing, and long alignment dummy shaft inside the expander cylinder body in sequence. The two ends of the long alignment dummy shaft are supported inside the expander cylinder body by the deep groove ball bearing and the bearing support frame. Place the dial indicator on the end face and radial face of the long alignment dummy shaft. The pointer should point to the inner hole and end face of the rear bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft. According to the dial indicator reading, rotate the screw on the bearing support frame to control the position of the deep groove ball bearing, and then adjust the position of the long alignment dummy shaft. The alignment accuracy of the long alignment dummy shaft should be within 0.01mm. Step 2: Align the seal seat and bearing housing Place the dial indicator on the radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the thickness of the radial adjustment shims on the sealing seat according to the dial indicator reading to control the position of the sealing seat. Align the inner hole of the sealing seat. After alignment, make a positioning pin between the sealing seat and the intake cylinder. Mark the positions of each adjustment shim on the sealing seat. Similarly, place the dial indicator on the end face and radial surface of the long alignment dummy shaft, with the pointer pointing to the inner hole and end face of the front bearing mounting. Rotate the long alignment dummy shaft, and adjust the horizontal position of the bearing housing using the bearing housing axial adjustment block and bearing housing radial adjustment block according to the dial indicator reading. Adjust the thickness of the bearing housing adjustment shims to control the vertical position of the bearing housing. Align the bearing housing with an alignment accuracy within 0.01mm. After alignment, make a positioning pin between the bearing housing and the front support. Mark the positions of each adjustment shim. Step 3: Nozzle ring alignment Remove the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly and the long alignment dummy shaft in sequence, and replace it with the short alignment dummy shaft. The front end of the short alignment dummy shaft is supported in the sealing seat and the front end of the intake cylinder by a deep groove ball bearing and a bearing support frame. Align the short alignment dummy shaft with an alignment accuracy of less than 0.01mm. Install the gap adjustment plate (44) on the short alignment dummy shaft. Install the lower half of the nozzle ring seat (8) in the intake cylinder. Place the lower half of the first nozzle ring in the lower half of the nozzle ring seat (8). Adjust the left and right and up and down positions of the lower half of the nozzle ring so that the gap between the lower half of the nozzle ring and the gap adjustment plate (44) on both sides and at the bottom is equal. Similarly, install the lower half of the other nozzle rings in sequence. Move the gap adjustment plate (44) and adjust the installation position of the lower half of the nozzle ring from the inside to the outside along the axial direction to ensure that its position is correct. Step 4: Rotor Assembly After alignment is completed, remove the clearance adjustment plate, short alignment dummy shaft, bearing support frame and deep groove ball bearing in sequence. Take out the lower half of the nozzle ring seat and the lower half of the nozzle ring. Place the rotor in the nozzle ring seat and then install the upper half of each nozzle ring and the upper half of the nozzle ring seat in sequence. After the rotor and nozzle ring seat are installed, install a lifting ring on the upper part of the nozzle ring seat, use a hook to horizontally suspend the nozzle ring seat and rotor assembly, axially insert the nozzle ring seat and rotor assembly into the intake cylinder, and connect the nozzle ring seat to the intake cylinder. Step 5: Final Assembly Install the exhaust cylinder and rear support assembly, rear seal, rear bearing, front seal, bearing housing, front bearing, and thrust plate in sequence, then remove the support platform. The final assembly is complete.

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