A high-position dangerous rock collapse monitoring and early warning method based on collapse body ground-touching vibration signal characteristics

Abstract

The application discloses a high-position dangerous rock collapse monitoring and early warning method based on collapse body ground-touching vibration signal characteristics, which comprises the following steps: 1) according to the height of the slope body, arranging a plurality of vibration signal sensors at different positions in the easy collapse area of the high-position dangerous rock body; 2) monitoring the ground-touching vibration signal of the collapse body at the first falling position by the vibration signal sensor and transmitting the signal to a processor; 3) the processor pre-processes the ground-touching vibration signal to obtain the ground-touching vibration signal characteristics, and then calculates the energy Q carried by the collapse body after falling and the volume V' of the collapse body according to the ground-touching vibration signal characteristics; 4) the processor calculates the energy early warning threshold Q0 and the time early warning threshold T0; 5) after obtaining the energy early warning threshold Q0 and the time early warning threshold T0, comparing the real-time obtained energy Q of the collapse body with the energy threshold Q0; if Q>Q0, an early warning information is sent out, and the early warning information comprises an alarm signal, the time early warning threshold T0 and the volume V' of the collapse body. The application has a relatively wider application range and can more effectively early warn the brittle process of the dangerous rock collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning technology, specifically a method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rock collapses based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of the collapsed body. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides and rockfalls are a common geological hazard in mountainous and hilly terrains, causing numerous casualties and property losses worldwide each year. High-altitude rockfalls, in particular, are extremely difficult to control due to their greater energy carrying capacity and unpredictable collapse paths. Therefore, researching a monitoring and early warning method for high-altitude rockfalls is of great significance.

[0003] Previous studies on monitoring and early warning of dangerous rockfalls have focused on the following three aspects before the occurrence of dangerous rockfalls: (1) monitoring and early warning of landslides and dangerous rocks by monitoring the temporal changes of displacement; (2) using instruments and equipment such as GNSS, extensometers and inclinometers for point displacement monitoring; and (3) regional geological disaster risk forecasting based on changes in environmental factors (such as rainfall, temperature, wind and humidity) combined with regional topography and soil characteristics.

[0004] The aforementioned monitoring methods and approaches for preventing collapse accidents have a good early warning effect on plastic damage disasters such as landslides. However, it is very difficult to achieve early warning for brittle damage (highly sudden) disasters such as rockfalls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Based on the slope height, several vibration signal sensors are deployed at different locations in the high-level dangerous rock mass prone to collapse;

[0007] 2) Use vibration signal sensors to monitor the ground vibration signal of the collapsed body at the first impact point and transmit it to the processor;

[0008] 3) The processor preprocesses the ground contact vibration signal to obtain the ground contact vibration signal characteristics, and then calculates the energy Q carried by the landslide body and the volume V′ of the landslide body based on the ground contact vibration signal characteristics;

[0009] 4) The processor calculates the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0;

[0010] 5) After obtaining the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0, compare the real-time energy Q of the collapsed body with the energy threshold Q0;

[0011] If Q>Q0, then an early warning message is issued, which includes an alarm signal, a time warning threshold T0, and the volume of the collapsed body V′.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy Q carried by the collapsed body after landing is:

[0013] Q = γ(mgh - E) s (1-1)

[0014] Where: γ is the reduction factor;

[0015] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0016] g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0017] h is the height of the collapsed body in free fall, that is, the height of the unstable rock mass from the first vibration sensor;

[0018] E s Vibrational energy;

[0019] Volume of the collapsed body V′:

[0020]

[0021] Where: ρ is the density of the collapsed body.

[0022] Furthermore, the steps for calculating the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0 include:

[0023] 3.1) Based on the profile of the mountain slope where the high-lying dangerous rock is located, determine the surface characteristics of the mountain slope and segment the slope below the collapse body;

[0024] 3.2) During the movement of the landslide body, monitor the speed at which the landslide body moves on each section of the slope and transmit the data to the processor;

[0025] 3.3) Calculate the final kinetic energy E0 consumed by the collapsed body;

[0026] 3.4) Calculate the maximum impact energy E that the affected body can withstand;

[0027] 3.5) Based on the consumed kinetic energy E0 and the maximum impact energy E that the disaster-stricken body can withstand, calculate the energy warning threshold Q0; based on time t, calculate the time warning threshold T0.

[0028] Furthermore, the surface features of the mountain slope include slope, slope length, and dynamic friction angle.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 3.1), the slope is segmented starting from the predicted first landing point of the collapse body, i.e., the location of the first vibration signal sensor.

[0030] Furthermore, the kinetic energy E0 consumed by the collapsed body during the entire collapse process is:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] in:

[0034] E i This represents the kinetic energy consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment.

[0035] n is the number of slope segments;

[0036] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0037] V i The velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment is measured by a vibration signal sensor.

[0038] The time t consumed during the entire collapse process is:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] in:

[0042] t i The time consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment;

[0043] n is the number of slope segments;

[0044] L i Let be the horizontal length of the i-th slope segment;

[0045] V i Let be the velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment;

[0046] α i Let i be the slope of the i-th segment of the collapsed slope.

[0047] Furthermore, when the collapsed body stops moving at the toe of the i-th slope segment, the velocity of the collapsed body at the top of that slope segment is denoted as V. s The slope of this section is denoted as α. s The slope length, or rolling distance, of this slope section is denoted as S. The formula for calculating the rolling distance S is:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] in:

[0051] βγ The angle of kinetic friction;

[0052] B is a constant related to the mass and shape of the collapsed body;

[0053] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0054] I represents the kinetic impulse of the collapsed body;

[0055] R is the radius of the collapsed body.

[0056] Calculating the maximum impact energy E that the affected body can withstand includes the following steps:

[0057] When the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken structure is subjected to impact load, the maximum impact force F is:

[0058] F = v c (km) 1 / 2 (1-9)

[0059] Where: v c ρ is the impact velocity; k is the stiffness; m is the impact mass, i.e., the mass of the collapsed body.

[0060] According to the law of conservation of momentum, we can obtain:

[0061] FΔt=mΔv (1-10)

[0062] Where: Δt is the impact time; Δv is the change in velocity during the impact process;

[0063] During the impact

[0064] Δv=v c (1-11)

[0065] According to formulas (1-9), (1-10), and (1-11), the maximum impact energy E of the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken body under impact load is:

[0066]

[0067] Furthermore, the energy warning threshold Q0 of the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor is:

[0068] Q0 = E0 + E (1-13)

[0069] The time warning threshold T0 for the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor is:

[0070] T0 = ​​t (1-14)

[0071] Furthermore, the volume of the collapsed body is nearly linearly related to the vibrational energy generated by its impact, and the mass m of the collapsed body can be obtained by an empirical formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where: k is a constant.

[0074] Furthermore, ground contact vibration signal characteristics are obtained through real-time noise reduction and Hilbert-Huang transform processing, and these characteristics include signal frequency and amplitude.

[0075] The technical effects of this invention are undeniable, and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0076] This invention addresses the shortcomings of previous monitoring methods and approaches for plastic failure disasters such as landslides when applied to the process of rock mass collapse. It fully considers the time and energy of the collapse from its initial impact on the slope to its movement to the disaster area, analyzes this movement process, and correlates it with the ground vibration signal characteristics of the collapse at its initial impact point. The vibration signal is then used to provide early warning of the volume and time of the collapse.

[0077] This invention initially solves the problem of effectively predicting brittle rockfalls, a type of collapse, and improves the accuracy of early warning for high-altitude rockfalls. Compared to traditional rockfall monitoring methods, vibration signal collection and processing are less difficult, and using ground-contact vibration signals from the collapsed body for early warning is applicable to more complex environments, resulting in better early warning effects and applicability to practical engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Figure 1 The flowchart shows a method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rock collapses based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of the collapsed body;

[0079] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the ground vibration signal at the initial impact point;

[0080] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of vibration signal decomposition using Hilbert-Huang transform EMD;

[0081] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the marginal spectrum of the Hilbert-Huang transform;

[0082] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the waveforms of each IMF component of the Hilbert-Huang transform;

[0083] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the instantaneous frequencies of each IMF component of the Hilbert-Huang transform;

[0084] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the instantaneous amplitude of each IMF component of the Erbert-Huang transform;

[0085] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of high-altitude unstable rock and vibration signal sensor;

[0086] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of segmented calculation of unstable rock mass. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] Example 1:

[0089] A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies includes the following steps:

[0090] 1) Based on the slope height, several vibration signal sensors are deployed at different locations in the high-level dangerous rock mass prone to collapse;

[0091] 2) Use vibration signal sensors to monitor the ground vibration signal of the collapsed body at the first impact point and transmit it to the processor;

[0092] 3) The processor preprocesses the ground contact vibration signal to obtain the ground contact vibration signal characteristics, and then calculates the energy Q carried by the landslide body and the volume V′ of the landslide body based on the ground contact vibration signal characteristics;

[0093] 4) The processor calculates the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0;

[0094] 5) After obtaining the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0, compare the real-time energy Q of the collapsed body with the energy threshold Q0;

[0095] If Q>Q0, then an early warning message is issued, which includes an alarm signal, a time warning threshold T0, and the volume of the collapsed body V′.

[0096] Example 2:

[0097] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1. Further, in step 3), the energy Q carried by the collapsed body after landing is:

[0098] Q = γ(mgh - E) s (1-1)

[0099] Where: γ is the reduction factor, which represents the energy lost by the collapsed body due to plastic strain on the ground when it lands, and is related to the properties of the ground rock and soil;

[0100] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0101] g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0102] h is the height of the collapsed body in free fall, that is, the height of the unstable rock mass from the first vibration sensor;

[0103] E s Vibrational energy can be directly obtained from the Hilbert-Huang transform;

[0104] Volume of the collapsed body V′:

[0105]

[0106] Where: ρ is the density of the collapsed body, which is measured by relevant geotechnical tests on rock samples taken at the site before the collapse.

[0107] Example 3:

[0108] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1-2. Further, the steps for calculating the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0 include:

[0109] 3.1) Based on the profile of the mountain slope where the high-lying dangerous rock is located, determine the surface characteristics of the mountain slope and segment the slope below the collapse body;

[0110] 3.2) During the movement of the landslide body, monitor the speed at which the landslide body moves on each section of the slope and transmit the data to the processor;

[0111] 3.3) Calculate the final kinetic energy E0 consumed by the collapsed body;

[0112] 3.4) Calculate the maximum impact energy E that the affected body can withstand;

[0113] 3.5) Based on the consumed kinetic energy E0 and the maximum impact energy E that the disaster-stricken body can withstand, calculate the energy warning threshold Q0; based on time t, calculate the time warning threshold T0.

[0114] Example 4:

[0115] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3. Furthermore, the surface features of the mountain slope include slope, slope length and dynamic friction angle.

[0116] Example 5:

[0117] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 3 to 4. Further, in step 3.1), the slope is segmented starting from the predicted first landing point of the collapse body, i.e., the location of the first vibration signal sensor.

[0118] Example 6:

[0119] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 3 to 5. Furthermore, vibration signal sensors are provided at the beginning and end of each segment.

[0120] Example 7:

[0121] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 3 to 6. Furthermore, the kinetic energy E0 consumed by the collapsed body during the entire collapse process is:

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] in:

[0125] E i This represents the kinetic energy consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment.

[0126] n is the number of slope segments;

[0127] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0128] V i The velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment is measured by a vibration signal sensor.

[0129] The time t consumed during the entire collapse process is:

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] in:

[0133] t i The time consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment;

[0134] n is the number of slope segments;

[0135] L i Let be the horizontal length of the i-th slope segment;

[0136] V i Let be the velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment;

[0137] α i Let be the slope of the i-th segment of the collapsed slope.

[0138] Example 8:

[0139] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 7. Furthermore, when the collapsed body stops moving at the toe of the i-th slope segment, the velocity of the collapsed body at the top of that slope segment is recorded as V. s The slope of this section is denoted as α. s The slope length, or rolling distance, of this slope section is denoted as S. The formula for calculating the rolling distance S is:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] in:

[0143] β γ The angle of kinetic friction;

[0144] B is a constant related to the mass and shape of the collapsed body;

[0145] m is the mass of the collapsed body;

[0146] I represents the kinetic impulse of the collapsed body;

[0147] R is the radius of the collapsed body.

[0148] Calculating the maximum impact energy E that the affected body can withstand includes the following steps:

[0149] When the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken structure is subjected to impact load, the maximum impact force F is:

[0150] F = v c (km) 1 / 2 (1-9)

[0151] Where: v c K represents the impact velocity; k represents the stiffness; m represents the impact mass, i.e., the mass of the collapsed body.

[0152] According to the law of conservation of momentum, we can obtain:

[0153] FΔt=mΔv (1-10)

[0154] Where: Δt is the impact time; Δv is the change in velocity during the impact process;

[0155] During the impact

[0156] Δv=v c (1-11)

[0157] According to formulas (1-9), (1-10), and (1-11), the maximum impact energy E of the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken body under impact load is:

[0158]

[0159] Example 9:

[0160] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 8. Furthermore, the energy warning threshold Q0 of the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor is:

[0161] Q0 = E0 + E (1-13)

[0162] Take v c =5m / s,

[0163] Because the landslide body struck the affected area at the toe of the nth slope segment during the final stage of its movement, its velocity decreased from v. c The velocity v becomes 0, so the final velocity v of the collapsed body in the last segment, i.e., the nth segment of the slope, is... n+1 =v c =5m / s,

[0164] The time warning threshold T0 for the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor is:

[0165] T0 = ​​t (1-14)

[0166] Example 10:

[0167] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 9. Furthermore, the volume of the collapsed body is nearly linearly related to the vibration energy generated by its impact. The mass m of the collapsed body can be obtained by an empirical formula:

[0168]

[0169] Where: k is the constant coefficient of the empirical formula, with a value of 6.

[0170] Example 11:

[0171] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 10. Furthermore, the ground contact vibration signal characteristics are obtained through real-time noise reduction and Hilbert-Huang transform processing. The ground contact vibration signal characteristics include signal frequency and amplitude.

[0172] Example 12:

[0173] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 11. Furthermore, the calculation steps for the energy warning threshold Q0 and the time warning threshold T0 are as follows:

[0174] 1.1) Calculate the kinetic energy consumed during the movement of the collapsed body:

[0175] The kinetic energy E consumed by the collapsed body during the i-th segment of motion i for:

[0176]

[0177] The kinetic energy E0 consumed by the collapsed body during the entire motion is:

[0178]

[0179] Where: n is the number of slope segments.

[0180] 1.2) Calculate the time consumed during the movement of the collapsed body:

[0181] Assuming the landslide material stops moving at the toe of the i-th slope segment, the length of this segment is the rolling distance s. Using formulas (1-3) and (1-4), the velocity V of the falling rock at the crest of the i-th slope segment can be calculated. i .

[0182] The calculation of the rolling distance s that occurs when the rock finally comes to a stop is given by the following formula:

[0183]

[0184] B is a constant related to the mass and shape of the falling rock, defined as follows:

[0185]

[0186] Where: g is the acceleration due to gravity; m is the mass of the falling rock; R is the radius of the falling rock; I is the kinetic impulse of the falling rock; α is the slope of the rolling section of the slope; V is the initial velocity in the rolling state; β γ The angle of kinetic friction.

[0187] The time t consumed by the collapsed body during the i-th segment of motion i for:

[0188]

[0189] Where: L is the horizontal length of the i-th slope segment.

[0190] The time t consumed by the collapsed body during the entire movement process is:

[0191]

[0192] Based on the location and impact resistance of the affected body, the energy threshold and time threshold of the collapsed body at the sensor are determined in reverse.

[0193] When a reinforced concrete beam is subjected to an impact load, the maximum impact force F is:

[0194] F = v c (km) 1 / 2 (1-9)

[0195] Where: v c denoted as impact velocity; m as impact mass; and k as stiffness.

[0196] According to the law of conservation of momentum:

[0197] FΔt=mΔv (1-10)

[0198] Where: Δt is the impact time.

[0199] During the impact, Δv = v c (1-11), and from (1-9) and (1-10), the maximum impact energy E of a reinforced concrete beam under impact load is:

[0200]

[0201] Take v c =5m / s, then the threshold Q0 of the energy Q of the collapsed body at the sensor is:

[0202] Q0 = E0 + E (1-13)

[0203] The collapse occurred at the toe of the i-th slope segment, where the velocity of the collapsed body impacted the affected object. c It becomes 0, so v n+1 =v c = 5 m / s. The time threshold T0 of the collapsed body at the sensor is:

[0204] T0 = ​​t (1-14)

[0205] Example 13:

[0206] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 12. Furthermore, the mass m, velocity v, and energy Q of the collapsed body are obtained by corresponding signal frequency, amplitude, and other characteristics. A large amount of data on signal characteristics and collapsed body characteristics can be obtained through experiments, numerical simulations, and other means, and the correspondence or pattern between the two can be found.

[0207] Example 14:

[0208] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 13. Further, it monitors the ground-contact vibration signal of the collapsed body upon its first impact, performs time-frequency analysis on the signal, and obtains the volume and energy of the collapsed body. Existing rockfall vibration monitoring technology collects three-dimensional vibration data of the rock mass under its natural state and judges the stability changes of the rock mass based on the changing trends of the standard deviation and kurtosis indices of the monitored vibration signals. In contrast, the feature of this invention is that it monitors the ground-contact vibration signal of the collapsed body upon its first impact after the collapse occurs, and obtains the volume and energy of the collapsed body based on signal analysis.

[0209] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0210] 1) Vibration signal sensors were used to monitor the ground vibration signal when the collapsed body first hit the ground after the collapse occurred; wavelet denoising and Hilbert-Huang transform were performed on the monitoring data in real time to obtain the volume V′ and energy Q of the collapsed body.

[0211] 2) Divide the slope into segments according to the slope and surface roughness, and calculate the energy and time loss of the collapsed body during the movement process from bottom to top.

[0212] 3) Calculate the energy warning threshold Q0 of the collapsed body at the sensor, compare the real-time energy Q of the collapsed body with the calculated energy warning threshold Q0, and if the threshold is exceeded, issue warnings for the volume (i.e., volume of the collapsed body) and time of the collapse.

[0213] Example 15:

[0214] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 14. Furthermore, since different unstable rock masses and site conditions will lead to different collapse processes, early warning of collapse disasters requires investigation of specific unstable rock monitoring projects. First, determine the location of the unstable rock mass, empirically judge its possible collapse direction, and deploy vibration signal sensors in and around the estimated initial impact point; second, determine the slope conditions of the mountain where the high-level unstable rock mass is located, and calculate the time and energy loss of the collapse body in that section of the slope.

[0215] See Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a high-altitude unstable rock and a vibration signal sensor. The method described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0216] 1) Conduct on-site investigation to determine the collapse body and its initial impact area, and deploy vibration signal sensors in that area;

[0217] 2) Draw a slope profile of the mountain where the high-lying dangerous rock is located. Based on the slope surface characteristics (slope, slope length, dynamic friction angle, etc.), divide the slope into several small segments. See [reference needed]. Figure 9 From Ln (L5 in this example) to L1, the kinetic energy E consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment is calculated using formulas (1-3) and (1-5), respectively. i Time t i .

[0218] 3) Calculate the maximum impact energy E that the affected body (living area) can withstand based on (1-12), and calculate the energy warning threshold Q0 and time warning threshold T0 of the collapsed body at the sensor based on (1-13) and (1-14).

[0219] 4) Use the arranged vibration signal sensors to monitor the ground vibration signal of the collapsed body at the first landing point, and perform real-time wavelet noise reduction, Hilbert-Huang transform and other processing on the signal to obtain the Hilbert transform time-frequency diagram of the vibration signal. Based on the maximum frequency and power spectrum in the time-frequency diagram, obtain the volume V′ and kinetic energy Q of the collapsed body.

[0220] 5) Compare the real-time kinetic energy Q of the collapsed body with the calculated corresponding energy warning threshold Q0. If the threshold is exceeded, issue warnings for the volume (i.e., the volume V′ of the collapsed body) and time of the collapse.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude unstable rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Based on the slope height, several vibration signal sensors are deployed at different locations in the high-level dangerous rock mass prone to collapse; 2) Use vibration signal sensors to monitor the ground vibration signal of the collapsed body at the first impact point and transmit it to the processor; 3) The processor preprocesses the ground vibration signal to obtain the ground vibration signal characteristics, and then calculates the energy carried by the collapsed body after landing based on the ground vibration signal characteristics. and volume of collapsed body 4) Processor calculates energy warning threshold and time warning threshold ; 5) Obtaining the energy early warning threshold and time warning threshold Then, the real-time energy of the collapsed body will be obtained. With energy threshold Compare; like If so, an early warning message is sent out, which includes an alarm signal, Time warning threshold and volume of collapsed body .

2. The method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collapsed object carries energy upon landing. for: （1-1） in: This is the reduction factor; The mass of the collapsed body; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This refers to the free fall height of the collapsed body, i.e., the height of the unstable rock mass above the first vibration sensor. Vibrational energy; volume of collapsed body : （1-2） in: This represents the density of the collapsed mass.

3. The method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculate the energy warning threshold and time warning threshold The steps include: 3.1) Based on the profile of the mountain slope where the high-lying dangerous rock is located, determine the surface characteristics of the mountain slope and segment the slope below the collapse body; 3.2) During the movement of the landslide body, monitor the speed at which the landslide body moves on each section of the slope and transmit the data to the processor; 3.3) Calculate the final kinetic energy consumed by the collapsed body. ; 3.4) Calculate the maximum impact energy that the affected body can withstand. ; 3.5) Based on consumed kinetic energy and the maximum impact energy that the affected body can withstand. Calculate the energy warning threshold Based on time Calculation time warning threshold .

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface features of the mountain slope include slope, slope length, and dynamic friction angle.

5. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that: In step 3.1), the slope is segmented starting from the predicted first landing point of the collapse body, i.e., the location of the first vibration signal sensor.

6. The method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on the ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: The kinetic energy consumed by the collapsed body during the entire collapse process for: （1-3） （1-4） in: This represents the kinetic energy consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment. The number of slope segments; The mass of the collapsed body; The velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment is measured by a vibration signal sensor. The time consumed by the collapsed body during the entire collapse process for: （1-5） （1-6） in: The time consumed by the collapsed body in the i-th segment; The number of slope segments; Let be the horizontal length of the i-th slope segment; Let be the velocity of the collapsed body at the top of the i-th slope segment; Let be the slope of the i-th segment of the collapsed slope.

7. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: When the collapsed body stops moving at the toe of the i-th slope segment, the velocity of the collapsed body at the crest of that slope segment is denoted as . The slope of this section is denoted as . The slope length, or rolling distance, of this slope section is denoted as... Among them, the rolling distance The calculation formula is: （1-7） （1-8） in: The angle of kinetic friction; These are constants related to the mass and shape of the collapsed body; The mass of the collapsed body; The kinetic impulse of the collapsed body; The radius of the collapsed body; Calculate the maximum impact energy that the affected body can withstand. Includes the following steps: When the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken structure is subjected to impact load, the maximum impact force F is: （1-9） in: Impact velocity; For stiffness; The impact mass is the mass of the collapsed body. According to the law of conservation of momentum, we can obtain: （1-10） in: For impact time; This refers to the change in velocity during the impact process; During the impact: （1-11） According to formulas (1-9), (1-10), and (1-11), the maximum impact energy of the reinforced concrete beam of the disaster-stricken body under impact load can be obtained. for: （1-12）。 8. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that: Energy warning threshold of the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor for: （1-13） Time warning threshold of the collapsed body at the first vibration sensor for: （1-14）。 9. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude rockfalls based on ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: There is a near linear correlation between the volume of the landslide and the vibrational energy generated by its impact, and the mass of the landslide... It can be obtained from the empirical formula, which is: （1-15） in: It is a constant.

10. A method for monitoring and early warning of high-altitude dangerous rockfalls based on ground vibration signal characteristics of collapsed bodies, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ground contact vibration signal characteristics are obtained by real-time noise reduction and Hilbert-Huang transform processing. The ground contact vibration signal characteristics include signal frequency and amplitude.

Images