A small solid-state hydrogen storage device and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a small solid-state hydrogen storage device and a use method, which comprise a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a temperature control box; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank comprises a hydrogen storage module and a replaceable phase change material jacket module; the hydrogen storage module is used for adsorbing and storing hydrogen; the replaceable phase change material jacket module is used for providing heat for a hydrogen releasing process of the hydrogen storage module; the temperature control box is used for heating and heat preservation of the replaceable phase change material jacket module; and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank realizes a hydrogen filling process, a hydrogen releasing preheating process and a hydrogen releasing process through the temperature control box. The application is beneficial to lightening and compacting of the device, phase change material can store or release energy in the form of latent heat of phase change, and the energy density is higher than that of sensible heat energy storage, the heat absorption process is approximately isothermal, and the process is easy to control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy storage technology, and in particular to a small solid-state hydrogen storage device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydrogen storage methods mainly include four types: high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, organic liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Solid-state hydrogen storage, especially hydrogen storage materials made of metals, is considered one of the most promising hydrogen storage methods due to its advantages such as high energy density, small size, portability, and the safety and stability of the resulting compounds. Metal hydrogen storage materials release heat during hydrogen absorption and absorb heat during hydrogen release; therefore, thermal management of the hydrogen storage reactor is a crucial factor in improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage materials made of metals.

[0003] Traditional enhanced heat transfer technologies—straight tube, finned tube, and spiral tube thermal management methods—manage the heat during hydrogen absorption and desorption by introducing a heat exchange fluid medium within the reactor. This effectively enhances the heat transfer between the reactor bed and the heat exchange fluid, accelerating the hydrogen absorption and desorption process in the hydrogen storage reactor. However, the heat exchange fluid requires external heating / cooling devices, resulting in long heating / cooling times, complex heat exchange systems, and bulky, heavy systems that are inconvenient to carry and use. Clearly, these methods are unsuitable for small electrical devices requiring portable and compact hydrogen-powered systems, such as drones, robots, and underwater vehicles.

[0004] CN 116281852 A discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange. It utilizes forced convection heat exchange between the circulating hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material reaction bed to effectively manage the hydrogen absorption reaction process, simultaneously achieving efficient mass transfer of hydrogen and heat transfer during absorption, while avoiding the complex heat exchange structures and related components found in traditional hydrogen storage systems. However, the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between hydrogen and the storage material is relatively low, resulting in a low upper limit for hydrogen release rate, which cannot support the high-power operation of electrical equipment such as drones and racing drones.

[0005] CN 112978676 B discloses a heat control method for a solid hydrogen source reactor. By setting up a heat transfer medium storage tank and using temperature detection devices to monitor the temperatures of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the phase change heat storage tank, the opening and closing of the valves in the heat transfer medium storage tank are controlled. This prevents high-temperature media from entering the solid hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen absorption and low-temperature media from entering the heat storage tank during hydrogen removal. Temperature detection devices are installed in both the solid hydrogen storage tank and the heat storage tank, allowing for automatic control of the heat within the hydrogen source reactor while simultaneously recovering the heat released during hydrogen absorption, thus maximizing heat utilization. However, the system has a low heat exchange efficiency, resulting in a low upper limit for the hydrogen release rate, and the system is relatively complex, making it unsuitable for small electrical equipment.

[0006] It is evident that solid-state hydrogen storage reactors typically suffer from low heat exchange efficiency, complex structural design, and are unsuitable for small electrical devices requiring portable and compact hydrogen power systems. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage components and thermal management systems in existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices are integrated into a single unit, which cannot be disassembled, replaced, or modularly combined, thus impacting the market application rate of mobile solid-state hydrogen storage devices. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a small solid-state hydrogen storage device and its usage method. This device and method replace the traditional heat exchange fluid with phase change material in a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor, saving the energy provided by the external heat exchange fluid heating / cooling device, simplifying the system, and facilitating the lightweight and compact design of the device. The phase change material can store or release energy in the form of latent heat of phase change, and has a higher energy density than sensible heat storage. The heat absorption process is approximately isothermal and easy to control.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A small solid-state hydrogen storage device includes a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a temperature control box; the solid-state hydrogen storage tank includes a hydrogen storage module 1 and a replaceable phase change material outer casing module; the hydrogen storage module is used to adsorb and store hydrogen; the replaceable phase change material outer casing module is used to provide heat for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage module; the temperature control box is used to heat and keep the replaceable phase change material outer casing module warm.

[0010] The solid hydrogen storage tank realizes the hydrogen addition process, hydrogen release preheating process, and hydrogen release process through a temperature control box.

[0011] The phase change material outer casing module has a hollowed-out vertical groove inside, and the hydrogen storage module is placed in the groove.

[0012] The hydrogen storage module is equipped with a heat insulation layer, a tank wall, and a hydrogen storage alloy, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy is the innermost layer, the tank wall is the second layer, and the heat insulation layer is the outermost layer, and the layers are in direct contact with each other; the hydrogen storage module has a columnar structure.

[0013] The replaceable phase change material outer casing module includes a phase change material, heat-conducting fins and a wall surface, and a heat insulation layer. The heat-conducting fins and the wall surface are in close contact with the tank wall, the outer side of the heat-conducting fins and the wall surface is the phase change material, and the outer layer of the phase change material is the heat insulation layer; the layers are in direct contact with each other.

[0014] The heat-conducting fins and the wall surface are made of high thermal conductivity materials, such as metallic copper. The fins are 0.2 mm thick and the wall surface is 0.5 mm thick. The fins are axially equidistant and connected to the wall surface. The heat-conducting fins are equidistantly arranged and fixed to the wall surface, and are 2 mm apart from the heat insulation layer 203.

[0015] The heat-conducting fins are thin metal sheets. Materials with high thermal conductivity and certain ductility should be selected, and an appropriate thickness should be chosen to increase the thermal conductivity of the phase change material.

[0016] The hydrogen storage module and the phase change material jacket module adopt a modular and separate design. The hydrogen storage module containing different hydrogen storage alloys and the phase change material jacket module containing different phase change materials can be combined arbitrarily. The combination method is that the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the groove of the phase change material jacket module.

[0017] The hydrogen storage alloy is one or more of the following: AB5 type lanthanum-nickel type, AB type titanium-iron type, AB2 type zirconium type hydride, A2B type magnesium-based hydride, and A2B type calcium-based hydride. Different hydrogen storage alloy materials have different hydrogen storage densities, hydrogen absorption and desorption temperatures, and costs. Appropriate hydrogen storage materials or combinations of hydrogen storage materials can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0018] The phase change material is one or more of the following: inorganic hydrated salts, paraffins, fatty acids, polyols, inorganic salts, and polymers. Different phase change materials have different phase change temperatures, latent heats of phase change, densities, and costs. Appropriate phase change materials or combinations of phase change materials can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0019] The aforementioned insulation layer and insulation layer are selected from one or more of the following materials: organic materials, inorganic materials, vacuum insulation materials, and reflective heat insulation coatings, which have low density, good heat insulation effect and certain hardness, according to the ambient temperature of the use environment. Different insulation materials have different thermal resistance, applicable temperature range, density and cost. Appropriate insulation materials or combinations of insulation materials can be selected according to the specific use scenario.

[0020] The material and thickness of the tank wall must meet the requirements for a safe hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa.

[0021] The temperature control box is equipped with a heat-conducting wall, a control console, a heat-insulating box, a phase change material outer module slot, a battery and temperature control system, a hydrogen storage module slot, and an outer wall of the temperature control box;

[0022] The heat insulation box is in direct contact with all other components, and the other components are all installed on the surface of the heat insulation box.

[0023] The phase change material jacket module slot is connected to the battery and temperature control system circuitry, while the other components do not contact each other. The shape of the phase change material jacket module slot matches the replaceable phase change material jacket module, and there is a heating column at the center of the phase change material jacket module slot to provide heat to the phase change material jacket module.

[0024] The temperature control chamber has four grooves on its surface, with the inner walls of the grooves being heat-conducting walls that serve both heating and insulation functions. Two hydrogen storage modules and two replaceable phase change material outer casing modules can be inserted into the four grooves simultaneously, allowing for the assembly and heating / cooling of two solid-state hydrogen storage tanks.

[0025] The heat-conducting wall is equipped with an electric heating device and is connected to the battery and temperature control system. The battery and temperature control system provide power and control its power, which can uniformly heat the hydrogen storage module 1 and the replaceable phase change material outer casing module.

[0026] The control console is equipped with a touch screen, allowing users to select the temperature to be maintained during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process and transmit the signal to the battery and temperature control system.

[0027] The aforementioned insulated enclosure reduces heat exchange between the hydrogen storage module and the replaceable phase change material outer casing module and the outside environment during the hydrogen addition and hydrogen release preheating processes.

[0028] The phase change material jacket module slot has a recessed area that fits snugly to the phase change material jacket module. In use, simply insert the phase change material jacket module into the phase change material jacket module slot 304.

[0029] The battery and temperature control system have sufficient stored electricity to control the temperature of the two solid hydrogen storage tanks installed in extreme environments.

[0030] The size of the hydrogen storage module slot is closely matched with the size of the hydrogen storage module.

[0031] The outer wall of the temperature control box is sturdy and has anti-static or grounding functions.

[0032] A method of using a small solid-state hydrogen storage device includes the following steps;

[0033] This includes the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen release preheating process, and the hydrogen release process;

[0034] During the hydrogen refueling process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot, the control console selects the hydrogen refueling process temperature, and the battery and temperature control system start working and conduct cold energy to the hydrogen storage alloy of the hydrogen storage module through the heat-conducting wall.

[0035] During the hydrogen release preheating process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot and the phase change material jacket module is inserted into the phase change material jacket module slot. The control console selects the temperature for the hydrogen release preheating process. The battery and temperature control system start working and conduct heat energy to the hydrogen storage module and the phase change material jacket module through the heat-conducting wall.

[0036] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the phase change material jacket module and connected to the electrical equipment. During the hydrogen release process, the phase change material jacket module provides heat to the hydrogen storage module. The heat conduction path is phase change material, heat-conducting fins and wall, tank wall, and hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage module supplies power to the equipment through the hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen supply rate is changed by adjusting the pressure through valves.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] The phase change material jacket module of the present invention can maintain a sufficiently high temperature by relying on the latent heat of phase change of the phase change material to provide heat for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage module; the temperature control box can provide heat for the hydrogen release preheating process of the inserted phase change material jacket module and the hydrogen storage module, and provide low temperature conditions for the hydrogen addition process of the hydrogen storage module.

[0039] This invention replaces traditional heat exchange fluids with phase change materials in metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors. It utilizes the large amount of latent heat released by the phase change material during phase change to power the hydrogen storage material. This saves energy provided by external heat exchange fluid heating / cooling devices and simplifies the system, which is beneficial for the lightweight and compact design of the device.

[0040] Furthermore, the modular design allows users to select the appropriate phase change material outer module based on ambient temperature and power requirements. For example, in low-temperature environments or under high-power conditions, a phase change material with a high phase change temperature and large latent heat of phase change can be selected, while under low-power conditions, a phase change material with low density can be selected. The specific selection should be determined based on experiments.

[0041] Furthermore, the temperature control chamber can heat or cool the phase change material outer casing module and the hydrogen storage module, and can store two sets of solid hydrogen storage tanks. For the filling method, it can be directly connected to the gas cylinder, or a matching lid can be designed with sufficient thickness to store enough hydrogen.

[0042] Furthermore, the phase change material jacket module incorporates a heat-conducting fin structure, allowing the heat from the phase change material to be transferred sequentially to the tank wall and the hydrogen storage alloy through the heat-conducting fins with higher thermal conductivity, thus compensating for the low thermal conductivity of traditional phase change materials. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device structure of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of each module of the solid hydrogen storage tank of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of pressure control curve.

[0046] Figure 4 Hydrogen release curve during the hydrogen release process.

[0047] Figure 5 Hydrogen content diagram during the hydrogen release process.

[0048] Figure 6 Temperature diagram of the hydrogen release process.

[0049] Figure 7 Phase transition diagram of hydrogen release process. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a small solid hydrogen storage device and a method of using it, including a solid hydrogen storage tank and a temperature control box;

[0052] The solid hydrogen storage tank includes a hydrogen storage module 1 and a replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2; the hydrogen storage module 1 is provided with a heat insulation layer 101, a tank wall 102, and a hydrogen storage alloy 103; the replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2 is provided with a phase change material 201, heat-conducting fins and a wall surface 202, and a heat insulation layer 203; the temperature control box 3 is provided with a heat-conducting wall 301, a control console 302, a heat-insulating box body 303, a phase change material outer casing module slot 304, a battery and temperature control system 305, a hydrogen storage module slot 306, and a temperature control box outer wall 307;

[0053] See attached Figure 2 , Figure 2-1 , Figure 2-2 , Figure 2-3 The figures shown are cross-sectional views of the hydrogen storage module 1 and the replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2 integrated into one unit, respectively. Figure 2-2 The innermost layer of hydrogen storage module 1 consists of hydrogen storage alloy 103 and a gas space, the second layer is the tank wall 102, and the third layer is the heat insulation layer 101; as shown Figure 2-3 The replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2 has a heat-conducting fin and wall surface 202 as its innermost layer, a phase change material 201 as its second layer, and a heat insulation layer 203 as its outermost layer; for example... Figure 2-1 When the device is using hydrogen supply, the hydrogen storage module 1 is combined with the replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2. The phase change material outer casing module 2 provides the heat required for the reaction of the hydrogen storage module 1. The innermost layer of the overall structure is the hydrogen storage alloy 103 and the gas space, the second layer is the tank wall 102, the third layer is the heat-conducting fins and wall surface 202, the fourth layer is the phase change material 201, and the outermost layer is the heat insulation layer 101 and the heat insulation layer 203. The heat insulation layer 101 and the heat insulation layer 203 completely enclose the overall structure, leaving only the hydrogen inlet and outlet, thus minimizing heat loss.

[0054] Since both the hydrogen storage module 1 and the replaceable phase change material outer casing module 2 of the present invention are rotationally symmetric shapes, Figure 2 It is also the modeling geometry used in the numerical simulation of this invention.

[0055] Referring to Table 1, when selecting materials for hydrogen storage alloys, the following characteristics should be met: high hydrogen storage density, high thermal conductivity, low hydrogen release temperature, and low heat absorption during hydrogen release. When selecting materials for phase change materials, the following characteristics should be met: phase change temperature higher than the hydrogen release temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy, high latent heat of phase change, and low density. When selecting materials for fins, the following characteristics should be met: high thermal conductivity and low density. When selecting materials for tank walls, the requirements for hydrogen storage safety should be met. When selecting materials for insulation layers, the following requirements should be met: low thermal conductivity, low density, and certain shock and drop resistance.

[0056] Table 1 Material Information for Each Part of the Device

[0057]

[0058] During the hydrogen refueling process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot, and the control panel selects the hydrogen refueling process temperature. The battery and temperature control system then begin operating and conduct cold energy to the hydrogen storage module through the heat-conducting wall.

[0059] During the hydrogen release preheating process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot, and the phase change material jacket module is simultaneously inserted into the phase change material jacket module slot. The control console selects the temperature for the hydrogen release preheating process. The battery and temperature control system then begin operating and conduct heat energy to the hydrogen storage module and the phase change material jacket module through the heat-conducting wall.

[0060] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage module is inserted into the phase change material (PCM) jacket module and connected to the electrical equipment. The PCM jacket module provides heat to the hydrogen storage module during release, with the heat transfer path being the PCM, heat-conducting fins and wall surface, tank wall, and hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage module powers the equipment through the hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen supply rate is adjusted by regulating the pressure via valves.

[0061] Metal hydride materials generate a thermal effect during hydrogen absorption / desorption. The magnitude of the heat of reaction is related to the type of metal. The process of hydrogen reacting with a metal or alloy to form MH can be represented as follows:

[0062]

[0063] The reaction process is reversible. During the forward hydrogen absorption reaction, it is exothermic, while during the reverse hydrogen release reaction, it is endothermic. In the hydrogen absorption and release process of the MH reactor, the reaction rate is mainly determined by the hydrogen pressure and temperature of the hydrogen storage material. Controlling the hydrogen pressure only requires changing the external hydrogen supply pressure; however, controlling the temperature of the hydrogen storage material during absorption and release is the challenge. The hydrogen storage material experiences a significant thermal effect during the absorption and release reactions, causing its temperature to fluctuate and deviate from the optimal reaction temperature. Therefore, the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage reactor has a significant impact on the hydrogen absorption and release performance of the hydrogen storage material.

[0064] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 The results are from a numerical simulation of the hydrogen release process when the hydrogen storage module 1 and the replaceable phase change material jacket module 2 are combined into one unit. During the normal hydrogen release process of the device, controlling the valve to make the tank pressure drop along a specified curve can control the hydrogen release rate and enable the device to provide stable power output.

[0065] That is, the hydrogen release pressure at the outlet of hydrogen storage module 1 is controlled so that the hydrogen release pressure is in accordance with... Figure 3 As the curve descends, we can obtain the following: Figure 4 The hydrogen release curve shown is relatively stable. This result is for reference only. The pressure curve can be optimized to obtain a more stable and faster hydrogen release curve.

[0066] See Figures 5-7 The operation of the device can be numerically simulated using commercial software, providing guidance for product manufacturing and experimentation. The hydrogen content during the hydrogen release process is shown in the diagram below. Figure 5 As shown, the percentage of hydrogen reaction in the hydrogen storage alloy inside hydrogen storage module 1 during the hydrogen release process can be observed. The results show that the hydrogen storage alloy completely releases hydrogen at 2400 s; the temperature diagram of the hydrogen release process is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the temperature distribution change of the hydrogen storage alloy inside hydrogen storage module 1 during the hydrogen release process can be observed. That is, during the hydrogen release process, the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy decreases as the reaction proceeds, while the temperature of the phase change material remains higher than that of the hydrogen storage alloy, providing it with heat. When the reaction is completed at 2400s, the temperatures of the hydrogen storage alloy and the phase change material tend to be the same. The phase transition diagram of the hydrogen release process is shown in the figure. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the percentage of liquid phase in the replaceable phase change material jacket module 2 can be observed. As can be seen from the figure, the phase change material gradually changes from liquid to solid phase while releasing heat, and completely changes to solid phase at 2400s.

[0067] This invention, through the combination of a small hydrogen storage module, a replaceable phase change material jacket module, and a portable temperature control box, realizes the transformation of solid-state hydrogen storage devices from large-scale devices to portable small devices. It achieves the goal of powering small devices with solid-state hydrogen storage devices in a form similar to household batteries, greatly expanding the application range of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. Moreover, compared with ordinary batteries, this invention can adapt to more extreme temperature conditions and power requirements.

Claims

1. A small solid-state hydrogen storage device, characterized in that, It includes a solid hydrogen storage tank and a temperature control box (3); the solid hydrogen storage tank includes a hydrogen storage module (1) and a replaceable phase change material outer casing module (2); the hydrogen storage module (1) is used to adsorb and store hydrogen; the replaceable phase change material outer casing module (2) is used to provide heat for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage module (1); the temperature control box (3) is used to heat and keep the replaceable phase change material outer casing module (2) warm; The solid hydrogen storage tank realizes the hydrogen addition process, hydrogen release preheating process and hydrogen release process through the temperature control box (3); The replaceable phase change material outer casing module (2) includes a phase change material (201), heat-conducting fins and wall surface (202), and a second heat insulation layer (203), wherein the heat-conducting fins and wall surface (202) are in close contact with the tank wall (102), the outer side of the heat-conducting fins and wall surface (202) is the phase change material (201), and the outer layer of the phase change material (201) is the second heat insulation layer (203); The heat-conducting fins and wall surface (202) are made of high thermal conductivity material. The fins are 0.2 mm thick and the wall surface is 0.5 mm thick. The fins are axially equidistant and connected to the wall surface. The heat-conducting fins are equidistantly arranged and fixed on the wall surface, and are 2 mm apart from the second heat insulation layer (203). The heat-conducting fins are thin metal sheets, made of materials with high thermal conductivity and ductility; The temperature control box (3) has four grooves on its surface. The inner wall of the groove is a heat-conducting wall (301), which has the functions of heating and heat preservation. Two hydrogen storage modules (1) and two replaceable phase change material outer jacket modules (2) can be inserted into the four grooves at the same time, that is, two sets of solid hydrogen storage tanks are assembled and heated and cooled. The temperature control box (3) is provided with a heat-conducting wall (301), a control console (302), a heat-insulating box body (303), a phase change material jacket module slot (304), a battery and temperature control system (305), a hydrogen storage module slot (306), and an outer wall of the temperature control box (307). The heat insulation box (303) is in direct contact with the other components, and the other components are all installed on the surface of the heat insulation box (303); The phase change material jacket module slot (304) is connected to the battery and temperature control system (305) by wiring, and the other components do not contact each other. The shape of the phase change material jacket module slot (304) matches the replaceable phase change material jacket module (2), and there is a heating column at the center of the phase change material jacket module slot (304) to heat the phase change material jacket module (2). The heat-conducting wall (301) is equipped with an electric heating device and is connected to the battery and temperature control system (305). The battery and temperature control system (305) provide electrical energy and control its power, which can uniformly heat the hydrogen storage module (1) and the replaceable phase change material jacket module (2). The control console (302) is equipped with a touch screen, which allows the user to select the temperature to be maintained during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process and transmit the signal to the battery and temperature control system (305). The heat-insulating enclosure (303) reduces heat exchange between the hydrogen storage module (1) and the replaceable phase change material outer casing module (2) and the outside environment during the hydrogen addition process and the hydrogen release preheating process. The phase change material outer casing module slot (304) has a recessed area that fits tightly with the phase change material outer casing module (2). When in use, simply insert the phase change material outer casing module (2) into the phase change material outer casing module slot (304).

2. The small solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material jacket module (2) has a hollowed-out vertical groove inside, and the hydrogen storage module (1) is set in the groove.

3. A small solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module (1) is provided with a heat insulation layer (101), a tank wall (102) and a hydrogen storage alloy (103), wherein the hydrogen storage alloy (103) is the innermost layer, the tank wall (102) is the second layer, and the heat insulation layer (101) is the outermost layer, with direct contact between the layers; the hydrogen storage module (1) has a columnar structure.

4. A small solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module (1) and the phase change material jacket module (2) adopt a modular split design. The hydrogen storage module (1) containing different hydrogen storage alloys (103) and the phase change material jacket module (2) containing different phase change materials (201) can be combined arbitrarily. The combination method is that the hydrogen storage module (1) is inserted into the groove of the phase change material jacket module (2).

5. A small solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage alloy (103) is one or more of the following: AB5 type lanthanum-nickel system, AB type titanium-iron system, AB2 type zirconium system hydride, A2B type magnesium-based hydride, and A2B type calcium-based hydride; The phase change material (201) is one or more of the following: inorganic hydrated salts, paraffins, fatty acids, polyols, inorganic salts, and polymer phase change materials; The material and wall thickness of the tank wall (102) must meet the requirements of a safe pressure of 1 MPa for hydrogen gas.

6. A method of using a small solid-state hydrogen storage device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps; This includes the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen release preheating process, and the hydrogen release process; During the hydrogen refueling process, the hydrogen storage module (1) is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot (306), the control console (302) selects the hydrogen refueling process temperature, and the battery and temperature control system (305) start working and conduct cold energy to the hydrogen storage alloy of the hydrogen storage module (1) through the heat-conducting wall (301). During the hydrogen release preheating process, the hydrogen storage module (1) is inserted into the hydrogen storage module slot (306) and the phase change material jacket module (2) is inserted into the phase change material jacket module slot (304). The control console (302) selects the temperature of the hydrogen release preheating process. The battery and temperature control system (305) start working and conduct heat energy to the hydrogen storage module (1) and the phase change material jacket module (2) through the heat-conducting wall (301). During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage module (1) is inserted into the phase change material jacket module (2) and connected to the electrical equipment. During the hydrogen release process, the phase change material jacket module (2) provides heat to the hydrogen storage module (1). The heat conduction path is the phase change material (201), the heat-conducting fins and wall (202), the tank wall (102), and the hydrogen storage alloy (103). The hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage module (1) supplies power to the equipment through the hydrogen fuel cell and changes the hydrogen supply rate by adjusting the pressure through the valve.

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