A smart platform for ammonium recovery and electro-switching in wastewater with self-reading monitoring function

Abstract

A smart platform for electro-switching in wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring capabilities belongs to the field of water treatment and resource recovery technology. This invention addresses the balance between selective adsorption and efficient desorption often encountered in traditional adsorption-desorption recovery technologies. The invention employs an electrode with selective insertion properties for ammonium ions and intrinsic electrochromic characteristics. This allows the electrode to exhibit in-situ color changes during the insertion / extraction of ammonium ions, providing intuitive and real-time feedback on the adsorption-desorption process. The smart platform created by this invention can analyze the color changes of the electrode in real time and monitor the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed. The platform can automatically adjust the voltage based on real-time adsorption data, thus adaptively switching between adsorption and desorption states in real time. The electro-switching platform provided by this invention not only improves selectivity and efficiency but also greatly simplifies the operation process and reduces the need for manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water treatment and resource recycling technology, specifically relating to an intelligent platform for switching ammonium recovery in wastewater with self-reading monitoring function. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia nitrogen is a key raw material in the manufacture of fertilizers and pharmaceuticals, and it is also considered a potential carrier of zero-carbon energy. Its production primarily relies on the energy-intensive and carbon-emitting Haber-Bosch process. With the increasing use of ammonia nitrogen in human activities, its emissions into aquatic ecosystems are also rising, exacerbating eutrophication and impacting aquatic health. Existing wastewater treatment methods mainly convert reactive nitrogen through nitrification-denitrification, essentially converting ammonia nitrogen back into nitrogen gas. However, from a resource efficiency perspective, directly recovering and reusing ammonia nitrogen from wastewater is clearly more beneficial. This not only reduces reliance on the Haber-Bosch process but also helps reduce environmental pollution, better aligning with sustainable development requirements. Adsorption technology is considered an effective means of recovering ammonia nitrogen from wastewater due to its simplicity, low equipment requirements, and wide applicability. However, balancing selective adsorption and efficient desorption remains a challenge for this technology. Electroadsorption technology may offer a solution. This technology achieves effective capture and release of ammonium ions through electrically switchable material interfaces, offering significant advantages such as rapid kinetics, potential control, modularity, and no need for chemical regeneration.

[0003] From a selectivity perspective, redox-active electrode materials show particular promise, enabling the precise extraction of cations from the aqueous environment via Faraday reversible intercalation reactions. These materials can be designed at the molecular scale to exhibit high affinity for specific cations, such as through selective intercalation based on ion charge and size. If the hydration radius of ammonium ions can be precisely designed... A perfectly matched electrode material with a wide range of interstitial sites enables size-selective insertion of ammonium ions. Simultaneously, efficient desorption is crucial for the efficient recovery of ammonium ions. Although the reversible adsorption-desorption process of ammonium ions can be promoted by modulating the electric field and controlling the electrochemical redox potential, current technologies still face several challenges. One significant problem is the difficulty in simultaneously achieving efficient adsorption-desorption operations and real-time monitoring of the ammonium ion adsorption state, especially when the material reaches adsorption saturation, due to the lack of a timely and effective feedback mechanism. Furthermore, traditional monitoring methods typically rely on independent analytical instruments, which not only increases operational complexity but may also introduce monitoring delays, further hindering immediate intervention in the adsorption-desorption process. Therefore, these limitations highlight the urgent need to develop a comprehensive technology that enables both efficient adsorption-desorption and in-situ real-time monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problem of imbalance between selective adsorption and efficient desorption in the practical application of ammonium ion recovery in water. It provides an intelligent platform for electro-switching of wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function.

[0005] This invention aims to achieve efficient and accurate recovery of ammonium ions from wastewater by combining a selective electroadsorption system and an in-situ optical feedback mechanism. The platform utilizes specially designed redox-active electrode materials to achieve highly selective capture of ammonium ions. Simultaneously, the electrode material possesses electroswitching properties, allowing for alternating adsorption and release of ammonium ions by controlling the voltage. Furthermore, an in-situ optical feedback mechanism is employed, which uses real-time self-reporting of ammonium ion adsorption and desorption states through electrode color changes, thereby improving operational efficiency and responsiveness. This method not only enhances the efficiency and accuracy of ammonium ion recovery but also enables real-time monitoring and automatic control, contributing significant technological means to environmental protection and resource recycling.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] This invention discloses an intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching capability. The platform includes: an ammonium ion adsorption / desorption device and a real-time monitoring and control device; wherein,

[0008] The ammonium ion adsorption-desorption device includes:

[0009] Dual-chamber reaction tank;

[0010] An anion exchange membrane is located in a dual-chamber reaction cell, which divides the dual-chamber reaction cell into a working electrode chamber and a counter electrode chamber.

[0011] The working electrode is located in the working electrode chamber; the working electrode is a redox active electrode with electrochromic properties and selective ammonium ion intercalation capability.

[0012] Counter electrode, the counter electrode being located within a counter electrode chamber;

[0013] A power source that applies voltage to the working electrode and the counter electrode;

[0014] The real-time monitoring and control device includes:

[0015] A camera, used to record the state of the working electrode;

[0016] A serial port is used to transmit and receive data via serial communication, enabling communication between the computer and the camera and power supply.

[0017] A computer used to perform real-time monitoring and control;

[0018] The real-time monitoring and control is achieved through a computer control program, which monitors the adsorption and desorption states of ammonium ions and controls the power supply voltage in real time. The control program is as follows: it judges the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed in real time based on a prediction model. During the adsorption process, when the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on the monitoring working electrode reaches the saturation adsorption capacity, the power supply switches to the ammonium ion desorption voltage to start the desorption stage. During the desorption process, when the amount of ammonium ions on the monitoring working electrode drops to zero, the power supply switches back to the ammonium ion adsorption voltage to restart the adsorption stage, thereby realizing the conversion between the adsorption and desorption processes. The prediction model combines the in-situ color feature value of the working electrode with the measured amount of ammonium adsorption through a fitting process to obtain a mathematical model for predicting the amount of ammonium ion adsorption.

[0019] Furthermore, the concentration of ammonium ions during the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process is 1–20 mM.

[0020] Furthermore, the electrode material of the working electrode is Prussian blue or its analogues, or tungsten trioxide or molybdenum trioxide.

[0021] Furthermore, the Prussian blue and its analogues are prepared by a constant current density electrodeposition method; the electrodeposition electrolyte consists of 0.5–10 mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 0.5–10 mM HCl. x It is prepared with 0.05–1 M KCl, where M is a metal ion, such as Fe. 3+ Cu 2+ Ni 2+ The pH of the electrodeposition electrolyte is between 0.5 and 3; the constant current density for electrodeposition is -100 to -10 μA·cm. -2 The electrodeposition time is 10–120 min.

[0022] Furthermore, the counter electrode is made of a conductive material. The conductive material can be any suitable electrode material, including but not limited to carbon materials, metals, and metal oxides; the carbon material is graphite, and the metal and metal oxide are titanium plates or ruthenium oxide.

[0023] The counter electrode is made of carbon material or metal and metal oxide; the carbon material is graphite, and the metal and metal oxide is titanium plate or ruthenium oxide.

[0024] Furthermore, the voltage direction in the ammonium ion adsorption-desorption device is from the counter electrode to the working electrode. During the adsorption stage of ammonium ions, the adsorption voltage is controlled in the range of 0.8 to 2.0V, and during the desorption stage, the desorption voltage is controlled in the range of -1.2 to -0.1V.

[0025] Furthermore, the prediction model is constructed using a machine learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithm used in this invention can be regression analysis.

[0026] Furthermore, the prediction model is implemented using Python or R language. By identifying the in-situ color characteristics of the working electrode during the adsorption process, and combining them with the measured amount of ammonium ion adsorption, a quantitative mathematical model is obtained.

[0027] Furthermore, the in-situ color feature of the working electrode is based on the average RGB value of the electrode.

[0028] Furthermore, during the adsorption process, when the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on the monitoring working electrode reaches the saturation adsorption capacity, the saturation adsorption capacity is 2–4 mmol·g. -1 .

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] Some redox-active materials, such as Prussian blue and its analogues, tungsten trioxide, and molybdenum trioxide, exhibit electrochromic properties, undergoing reversible color changes during cation intercalation reactions. Utilizing this change in optical property as a real-time feedback mechanism allows for real-time monitoring of the electroadsorption-desorption process.

[0031] 1. This invention achieves high efficiency and specificity in the adsorption of ammonium ions by using a redox active electrode material capable of selectively embedding ammonium ions. This has significant practical application value for the treatment of complex wastewater containing multiple ions.

[0032] 2. This invention utilizes the redox reaction of the electrode caused by ammonium ion insertion / deintercalation, exhibiting highly reversible ammonium ion adsorption / desorption and sustained cycling stability. This reversible cycling process is voltage-controllable and eliminates the need for chemical regeneration, giving it a significant advantage in operational efficiency.

[0033] 3. This invention establishes a quantitative relationship between color characteristics and ammonium adsorption amount by observing in-situ color changes of the electrode, enabling visual tracking of the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process. Combined with real-time monitoring and automatic control, it solves the problem of delayed feedback at the adsorption saturation point, ensuring dynamic transitions between adsorption and desorption cycles, reducing manual intervention, and achieving high efficiency, convenience, and cost reduction in operation.

[0034] 4. The platform constructed in this invention opens up a new avenue for the efficient recovery of ammonium ions from wastewater, significantly improving the recycling efficiency of ammonia nitrogen resources. Its high efficiency and sustainability are of great significance in water environment management and resource recovery. Furthermore, through some strategic design adjustments, this technology can also be extended to the recovery of other ions, demonstrating its broad application potential. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the device according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the Prussian blue film electrode in Example 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 The images shown are scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) images of the Prussian blue film electrode in Example 1 of this application.

[0038] Figure 4 The electrochemical test results of the Prussian blue film electrode in Example 1 of this application are shown; where Figure a is the cyclic voltammetry curve and Figure b is the corresponding specific capacitance.

[0039] Figure 5 This study demonstrates the selective adsorption test of ammonium ions by the Prussian blue film electrode in Example 1 of this application.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the reversible adsorption-desorption performance of the Prussian blue film electrode for ammonium ions in Example 1 of this application; wherein, Figure a shows the adsorption capacity and corresponding desorption rate under different applied cell voltages, and Figure b shows a cycle of adsorption (cell voltage of 1.2V) and desorption (cell voltage of -0.2V);

[0041] Figure 7 This refers to the in-situ color change of the Prussian blue film electrode during the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process in Example 1 of this application;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the establishment of the ammonium adsorption prediction model based on in-situ color changes of the electrode in Example 1 of this application.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a logic control flowchart of the real-time monitoring and automatic control of the electrical switching platform in the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0044] Figure 10 This is an actual verification of the real-time monitoring and automatic control of the electrical switching platform in the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process in Embodiment 1 of this application; wherein, Figure a shows the real-time monitored amount of ammonium adsorption, and Figure b shows the recorded automatic control voltage. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the spirit of the contents disclosed in the present invention will be described in detail below. After understanding the embodiments of the present invention, any person skilled in the art can make changes and modifications based on the technology taught in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0046] The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] This embodiment presents an intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching capability. The platform includes an ammonium ion adsorption-desorption experimental device and a real-time monitoring and control device. For example... Figure 1 As shown,

[0049] The ammonium ion adsorption-desorption experimental apparatus includes: a two-chamber reaction cell 1; an anion exchange membrane 2, located in the two-chamber reaction cell, dividing the two-chamber reaction cell into a working electrode chamber and a counter electrode chamber, with a reaction volume of 30 mL; and a working electrode 3, made of Prussian blue membrane electrode material with redox activity, placed in the working electrode chamber 4, with gap sites of this material. Able to satisfy ammonium ion Insertion and removal of the electrode; counter electrode 5, made of carbon felt material, is placed in counter electrode chamber 6; DC power supply 7 is used to apply voltage to the working electrode and counter electrode.

[0050] The real-time monitoring and control device includes: a high-definition camera 8 for recording the status of the working electrode; a serial port 9 for transmitting and receiving data via serial communication to enable communication between the computer, the camera, and the power supply; a computer 10 for programming and controlling the entire system to achieve the functions of establishing a prediction model, real-time monitoring, and control; a prediction model 11 for correlating the in-situ color characteristics of the electrode with the amount of ammonium adsorption; and a control program 12 for real-time monitoring of the ammonium adsorption and desorption process and automatic voltage control based on the prediction model.

[0051] The specific implementation steps of the embodiment are as follows:

[0052] 1. Preparation of Prussian blue film electrode

[0053] The conductive glass (ITO) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, ethanol, and ultrapure water, and then dried. Figure 2 As shown, a Prussian blue-coated membrane electrode material was prepared using conductive glass ITO as the substrate material in a three-electrode system via constant current electrodeposition on an electrochemical workstation. Specifically, a cleaned ITO (50 mm × 20 mm) was used as the working electrode, and a graphite plate and Hg / Hg₂SO₄ were used as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively. The deposition electrolyte consisted of 1 mM K₃Fe(CN)₆, 1 mM FeCl₃, 0.1 M KCl, and 0.01 M HCl, with the pH value maintained at approximately 2. Continuous stirring ensured uniform ion distribution and effective diffusion in the electrolyte. The electrode was maintained at -50 μA·cm⁻¹. -2 A constant current density was maintained, and the reaction was continued for 3600 s. After deposition, a uniform Prussian blue film appeared on the ITO substrate.

[0054] like Figure 3As shown in figure a, the Prussian blue particles on ITO have a regular cubic structure with edge lengths between 200 and 300 nm. Figure 3 As shown in b, the diffraction peaks of 2θ at 17.4°, 24.7°, 35.2° and 39.5° in the XRD pattern correspond to the (200), (220), (400) and (420) planes of the PB standard card, respectively, confirming the crystallinity and purity of Prussian blue and indicating that Prussian blue crystals were successfully electrodeposited on the ITO substrate.

[0055] 2. Electrochemical response of Prussian blue film electrode to ammonium ions

[0056] To investigate NH4 + To illustrate the interaction between the Prussian blue film electrode and the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, a three-electrode system was used in this embodiment. The Prussian blue film electrode was used as the working electrode, the graphite plate as the counter electrode, and Ag / AgCl as the reference electrode. The CV test was conducted in 1M NH4Cl electrolyte at a rate of 10 mV / s. -1 Rate scan. Results are as follows. Figure 4 As shown in Figure a, distinct reduction and oxidation peaks appeared at 0.38 and 0.49 V vs SHE, respectively, which is consistent with pseudocapacitive behavior and the reversible intercalation / deintercalation mechanism of ammonium ions. Furthermore, the cation intercalation sequence was related to the peak potential and peak current in the CV curve. To investigate the cation selectivity of the Prussian blue film electrode, we performed CV tests on different electrolytes, including 1M NH4Cl, 1M NaCl, 1M KCl, 0.5M MgCl2, and 0.5M CaCl2. The test results showed that the Prussian blue film electrode exhibited high cation selectivity for NH4Cl. + Its intercalation potential (0.38V) is higher than that of other cations, which means that it is more effective against NH4+. + It has strong affinity. The calculated specific capacitance results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in b: NH4Cl is 198.9 Fg. -1 The concentration of NaCl was 54.3 g. -1 The concentration of KCl was 116.7 g. -1 MgCl2 is 18.0 F g -1 And CaCl2 is 49.1 F g -1 These data all highlight the effectiveness of the Prussian blue film electrode for NH4+. + Its excellent selectivity and capacity, and the reversible blue-to-transparent color change observed during CV testing, indicate that it is suitable as an electrode material for the intelligent electrical switching platform of this invention.

[0057] 3. Adsorption-desorption performance of Prussian blue film electrode for ammonium ions

[0058] like Figure 1As shown in Figure 1, the dual-chamber reaction cell is divided into two 30 mL chambers by an anion exchange membrane for adsorption-desorption experiments. In this embodiment, a Prussian blue membrane electrode (50 mm × 20 mm) is used as the working electrode, and a carbon felt sheet (50 mm × 20 mm) is used as the counter electrode. To evaluate the Prussian blue membrane electrode's effect on NH4+... + To determine the selectivity of the Prussian blue film electrode for NH4Cl, common monovalent and divalent cations in water were selected as competing ions. Preliminary tests involved binary salt solutions of 2.5 mM NH4Cl and 2.5 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2, or 2.5 mM MgCl2. Subsequent polyvalent salt solutions contained 1 mM NH4Cl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2. Further research was conducted to investigate the effect of the Prussian blue film electrode on NH4Cl. + To observe the adsorption and desorption behavior, a 5 mM NH4Cl solution was used in this example. In all experiments, strong magnetic stirring was employed to ensure uniform ion distribution, and the adsorption and desorption processes were carried out at a predetermined potential or voltage.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, in various mixed solutions, the Prussian blue film electrode, under an applied potential of -0.2V vs SHE, exhibits [response to] NH4+. + The adsorption capacity ranges from 1.9 to 3.1 mmol g. -1 This is about an order of magnitude higher than the adsorption capacity of other cations in the corresponding solution. The cation insertion order is NH4. + >K + >Na + >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ , for K + Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ The selectivity coefficient for NH4 varies between 2 and 20. + The significant insertion selectivity further demonstrates the potential of the Prussian blue membrane electrode as an efficient platform for the selective electroswitching recovery of ammonium ions from water.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown in Figure a, this embodiment investigates the ammonium ion capture performance under different cell voltages. As the voltage gradually increases from 0.8V to 1.2V, NH4+... + The adsorption capacity ranges from 1.5 mmol g. -1 Rise to 3.2 mmol g -1 Peak value. However, when the voltage was further increased to 1.4V, the adsorption capacity decreased slightly to 3.0 mmol g. -1 When the cell voltage is 1.2V, NH4 +The adsorption peak indicates that the Prussian blue film electrode is approaching its optimal intercalation potential. Furthermore, after all adsorption experiments reached saturation, reversing the cell voltage to -0.2V could induce NH4+ adsorption. + The near-complete desorption from the Prussian blue film electrode, with desorption rates exceeding 99%, indicates that the adsorption-desorption process is reversible and voltage-controllable. Figure 6 As shown in b, in a typical cycle, NH4 at 1.2V + The adsorption reached saturation at 3.2 mmol / g within 20 min. -1 Subsequently, complete desorption was achieved at -0.2V within the same time period. Simultaneously, data on the amount of ammonium adsorbed during this adsorption-desorption cycle were collected to prepare for subsequent quantitative model establishment. Furthermore, the final demonstration of real-time monitoring and control was also conducted at these two adsorption and desorption voltages.

[0061] 4. Establishment of a quantitative relationship model between in-situ color characteristics of Prussian blue film electrode and ammonium adsorption amount

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, the in-situ color change of the Prussian blue film electrode during the adsorption and desorption of ammonium ions highlights its self-reporting characteristics, providing a real-time feedback mechanism for the adsorption and desorption process. Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment uses Python to program and implement camera control, color recognition, and model construction. During the adsorption / desorption of ammonium ions, a high-definition camera at a fixed position records the color change of the Prussian blue film electrode at regular intervals to ensure image acquisition under consistent conditions. Color analysis is performed on specific regions of the image to extract the average RGB values, and each set of RGB values ​​is correlated with the experimentally measured ammonium adsorption amount. Then, multiple linear regression analysis is performed using Python's scikit-learn library to obtain the quantitative mathematical model: Ammonium adsorption amount = 0.0648B - 0.0033G - 0.0029R - 3.8959, where B, G, and R represent blue, green, and red values, respectively. A high correlation (R²) is observed. 2 The low root mean square error (RMSE = 0.095) and the low RGB value (0.998) confirm the high accuracy of the prediction model in predicting ammonium adsorption based on RGB values, laying the groundwork for subsequent real-time monitoring and automatic control.

[0063] 5. Demonstration of real-time monitoring and automatic control of the ammonium adsorption-desorption process

[0064] The intelligent electrical switching platform device of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the ammonium ion adsorption-desorption experimental apparatus includes: a two-chamber reaction cell 1, an anion exchange membrane 2, a Prussian blue working electrode 3, a carbon felt counter electrode 4, and a DC power supply 5; the real-time monitoring and control device includes: a high-definition camera 6, a serial port 7, a computer 8, a prediction model 9, and a control program 10. Based on this apparatus, this embodiment utilizes... Figure 9 The control logic shown constructs a real-time monitoring and control program. This embodiment uses Python to develop the program, which communicates with the computer, power supply, and camera via a serial port, ensuring accurate voltage control and real-time image capture. The program continuously analyzes the received images, extracts RGB values, and calculates the amount of ammonium adsorbed on the electrode based on the aforementioned prediction model. The real-time monitored amount of ammonium ion adsorption is assessed; during adsorption, when the predicted adsorption amount approaches the saturation value (experimental value 3.2 mmol g), the program is activated. -1 When the adsorption voltage is reduced to near zero, the voltage automatically switches to the desorption voltage (-0.2V) to start the desorption stage. During the desorption process, when the predicted adsorption amount decreases to near zero, the voltage automatically switches back to the adsorption voltage (1.2V) to restart the adsorption stage, thereby achieving efficient conversion between the adsorption and desorption processes.

[0065] exist Figure 1 The device was used to demonstrate real-time monitoring and automatic control, and the results were as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 'a' represents the real-time adsorption capacity during the two cyclic experiments. Figure 10 b represents the applied voltage value at each time point. The results show that when the system detects that the ammonium adsorption capacity is close to saturation (3.2 mmol g), the voltage is lower than the applied voltage at each time point. -1 When the adsorption is complete, the power supply will automatically switch to desorption mode; and when desorption is complete, i.e., the adsorption amount is close to 0 mmol g. -1 The system then automatically adjusts to the adsorption state. These two cyclic demonstrations prove the platform's stability and the feasibility of real-time monitoring. Furthermore, the platform can intelligently adjust the voltage between 1.2V and -0.2V based on the real-time monitored ammonium adsorption amount, comparing it with the adsorption saturation value and zero adsorption amount, thus adaptively switching between adsorption and desorption states in real time. This autonomous iterative control strategy provides an efficient and intelligent real-time monitoring and automatic control solution for the adsorption / desorption cycle process.

Claims

1. A smart platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching, characterized in that... The platform includes: an ammonium ion adsorption-desorption device and a real-time monitoring and control device; among which... The ammonium ion adsorption-desorption device includes: Dual-chamber reaction tank; An anion exchange membrane is located in a dual-chamber reaction cell, which divides the dual-chamber reaction cell into a working electrode chamber and a counter electrode chamber. The working electrode is located in the working electrode chamber; the working electrode is a redox active electrode with electrochromic selective ammonium ion intercalation capability; the electrode material of the working electrode is Prussian blue or its analogues, or tungsten trioxide or molybdenum trioxide. Counter electrode, the counter electrode being located within a counter electrode chamber; A power source that applies voltage to the working electrode and the counter electrode; The real-time monitoring and control device includes: A camera, used to record the state of the working electrode; A serial port is used to transmit and receive data via serial communication, enabling communication between the computer and the camera and power supply. A computer used to perform real-time monitoring and control; The real-time monitoring and control are achieved through a computer control program, which monitors the adsorption and desorption states of ammonium ions and controls the power supply voltage in real time. The control program involves: judging the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed based on a predictive model; during adsorption, when the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on the working electrode reaches saturation, the power supply switches to the ammonium ion desorption voltage to initiate the desorption phase; during desorption, when the amount of ammonium ions on the working electrode drops to zero, the power supply switches back to the ammonium ion adsorption voltage to restart the adsorption phase, thus achieving the switching between adsorption and desorption processes. The predictive model combines the in-situ color characteristic value of the working electrode with the measured amount of ammonium adsorption through a fitting process to derive a mathematical model predicting the amount of ammonium ion adsorption. The voltage direction in the ammonium ion adsorption-desorption device is from the counter electrode to the working electrode. During the adsorption phase, the adsorption voltage is controlled in the range of 0.8~2.0 V, and during the desorption phase, the desorption voltage is controlled in the range of −1.2~−0.1 V. The saturation adsorption amount is 2~4 mmol·g when the amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on the working electrode reaches saturation. −1 .

2. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The concentration of ammonium ions in the ammonium ion adsorption and desorption process is 1~20 mM.

3. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The Prussian blue and its analogues are prepared by a constant current density electrodeposition method; the electrodeposition electrolyte consists of 0.5~10 mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 0.5~10 mM HCl. x It is prepared with 0.05~1 M KCl, where M is a metal ion; the pH of the electrodeposition electrolyte is 0.5~3; the constant current density for electrodeposition is −100~−10 μA·cm⁻¹ −2 Electrodeposition time is 10~120 min.

4. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The counter electrode is made of an electrically conductive material.

5. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The prediction model described is constructed using machine learning algorithms.

6. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function and electro-switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The prediction model is implemented using Python or R. By identifying the in-situ color characteristics of the working electrode during the adsorption process, and combining them with the measured amount of ammonium ions adsorbed, a quantitative mathematical model is obtained.

7. The intelligent platform for wastewater ammonium recovery with self-reading monitoring function according to claim 6, characterized in that... The in-situ color characteristics of the working electrode are based on the average RGB value of the electrode.

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