Collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption

Abstract

The application discloses a collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption, which comprises an energy absorption plate, a first collision protection plate, a second collision protection plate, an upper rotary gear cylinder, a lower rotary gear cylinder and an end face gear. The upper and lower rotary gear cylinders are sleeved on the surface of a protected pillar and can rotate freely. The end face gear is installed on the protected pillar and is located between the upper and lower rotary gear cylinders and engaged with the two. The cylinder wall of the upper and lower rotary gear cylinders is respectively provided with at least one set of first and second collision protection plates along the circumference. The first and second collision protection plates are staggered along the circumference of the cylinder wall. The energy absorption plate is sleeved on the outer ring of the upper and lower rotary gear cylinders and is provided with mounting grooves for the extension of the collision protection plates. The energy absorption plate is combined with the reverse rotation mechanism to realize the circumferential and radial energy absorption of the energy absorption material, change the direction of the ship body speed and greatly improve the energy absorption efficiency, quickly increase the contact area and effectively reduce the peak value of the collision force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of collision protection device technology, and in particular to a collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of offshore wind power projects, the number of offshore wind farms is increasing, leading to a sharp rise in the number of ship collisions with wind turbines. This poses numerous problems and challenges to navigation safety. In most cases, ships directly collide with wind turbines, damaging both the turbines and the ship's structure, endangering lives and causing significant direct and indirect economic losses. Therefore, research into collision protection systems for offshore wind turbines is urgently needed to avoid or reduce damage from ship collisions. After years of research and application, a wide variety of offshore wind turbine collision protection devices have been developed, falling into four main categories: active protection, attached collision protection, structural collision protection, and floating collision protection.

[0003] When a ship collides with a traditional crash box, the box structure undergoes significant deformation due to the impact force. On one hand, the box absorbs some of the collision energy; on the other hand, the crash protection device, made of special materials, prolongs the contact time during the collision, thus significantly reducing the peak value of the ship's impact force. However, simultaneously with the impact, the existing crash boxes on the wind turbine also expand in the direction perpendicular to the force, resulting in significant stress concentration at the impact point. As the impact continues to deepen or increase in frequency, the box structure will eventually be damaged, leading to crash protection failure, loss of crash protection function, and inability to provide adequate protection for the wind turbine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a protective device based on bidirectional energy absorption, which overcomes the limitations of previous direct elastic deformation type protective devices that are subjected to force at a single point. By combining an energy-absorbing plate with a reverse rotation mechanism, the energy-absorbing material can absorb energy in both the circumferential and radial directions, and the ship's speed can be reversed. This achieves multiple objectives, such as significantly improving energy absorption efficiency, rapidly increasing the contact area, and effectively reducing the peak collision force.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: A collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption includes an energy-absorbing plate, a first collision protection plate, a second collision protection plate, an upper rotating gear cylinder, a lower rotating gear cylinder, and an end face gear. The upper rotating gear cylinder and the lower rotating gear cylinder are respectively fitted onto the surface of the protected support column and can rotate freely relative to the protected support column; the end face gear is mounted on the protected support column through a support shaft and is located between the upper rotating gear cylinder and the lower rotating gear cylinder. The lower cylinder edge of the upper rotating gear cylinder and the upper cylinder edge of the lower rotating gear cylinder are respectively provided with toothed edges to mesh with the end face gear. The upper rotating gear cylinder has at least one set of first protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall, each set of first protective plates including two first collision protective plates arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the cylinder wall; the lower rotating gear cylinder has at least one set of second protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall, each set of second protective plates including two second collision protective plates arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the cylinder wall; and the first collision protective plates and the second collision protective plates are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall. The energy-absorbing plate is fitted onto the outer ring of the upper and lower rotating gear cylinders, and the energy-absorbing plate is provided with mounting grooves for the first and second collision protection plates to extend out, so that the energy-absorbing plate is mounted on the collision protection plate.

[0006] In the above scheme, both the first collision protection plate and the second collision protection plate are made of steel; the first collision protection plate is fixedly installed on the upper rotating gear cylinder by welding, and the second collision protection plate is fixedly installed on the lower rotating gear cylinder by welding.

[0007] In the above scheme, the first collision protection plate extends downward along the axial direction of the protected support column to the outside of the lower rotating gear cylinder but is not connected to the lower rotating gear cylinder; the second collision protection plate extends upward along the axial direction of the protected support column to the outside of the upper rotating gear cylinder but is not connected to the upper rotating gear cylinder.

[0008] In the above scheme, the height and length of the first collision protection plate and the second collision protection plate are the same.

[0009] In the above scheme, the energy-absorbing plate is made of lightweight porous metal material.

[0010] In the above scheme, the energy-absorbing plate is a cylindrical structure, and the first collision protection plate and the second collision protection plate are plate-shaped structures.

[0011] In the above scheme, the energy-absorbing plate is a cylindrical structure assembled from multiple energy-absorbing plate modules.

[0012] In the above scheme, several end face gears are arranged along the circumference of the protected support column. Each end face gear is rotatably mounted on the corresponding support shaft through a bearing, and one end of the support shaft is fixed to the protected support column.

[0013] In the above scheme, a groove is provided on the protected support column at the installation position corresponding to the support shaft, one end of the support shaft is inserted into the groove and welded to the protected support column.

[0014] In the above scheme, n sets of first protective plates are installed circumferentially on the cylinder wall of the upper rotating gear cylinder, and n sets of second protective plates are installed circumferentially on the cylinder wall of the lower rotating gear cylinder. The adjacent first collision protective plates and second collision protective plates are distributed in a 360° / 4n pattern, where n≥1.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. When the first and second collision protection plates are impacted by the ship's hull, they rotate in opposite directions, simultaneously compressing and stretching the energy-absorbing plates to achieve circumferential energy absorption. Simultaneously, the ship's impact causes the energy-absorbing plates around the collision protection plates to compress inward, achieving radial energy absorption. Therefore, this invention can simultaneously achieve circumferential and radial energy absorption, improving energy absorption efficiency. The energy absorption effect is approximately 5.3 times that of ordinary protective devices, thus enhancing the protective effect.

[0016] 2. The collision protection plate designed in this invention can provide guidance, change the direction of ship speed, increase the contact area, and reduce the peak collision force, thereby reducing the damage to the hull and floating wind turbine and ensuring the safety of the waterway.

[0017] 3. The energy-absorbing plate of this invention can utilize modular technology, enabling the energy-absorbing plate of the protective device to be replaceable. The floating wind turbine protective device is divided into multiple areas. After a ship collides with the floating wind turbine, only the damaged parts need to be replaced, while the undamaged parts can continue to be used, thereby reducing the cost of replacement materials. In addition, the energy-absorbing plate is mounted on the collision protection plate, making replacement convenient.

[0018] 4. The energy-absorbing panel of this invention uses a lightweight, porous metal material, such as an aluminum honeycomb panel. Its processing and manufacturing process is relatively simple, allowing for large-scale mass production in a short time, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, because aluminum honeycomb panels are easy to replace, maintenance costs are reduced when the anti-collision device is damaged. During a collision, the aluminum honeycomb panel undergoes plastic deformation, thereby absorbing energy. The honeycomb deformation process does not produce toxic or harmful substances, making this invention a green protective device. Therefore, given the high economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of this anti-collision device, this invention has significant engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-absorbing plate of the collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protected support column in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of a conventional protective device after it has been impacted in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption in an embodiment of the present invention before and after being impacted; Figure 7 These are simulation geometric model diagrams of the collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption and the traditional protection device according to embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a mesh diagram of the simulation geometric model of the collision protection device based on the bidirectional energy absorption device and the traditional protection device in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a simulation experiment diagram of the energy absorption effect of the collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption and the traditional protection device according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Energy-absorbing plate; 11. Mounting groove; 21. First collision protection plate; 22. Second collision protection plate; 3. Upper rotating gear cylinder; 4. Lower rotating gear cylinder; 5. Toothed edge; 6. End face gear; 7. Bearing; 8. Support shaft; 20. Protected support pillar; 201. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of the present invention are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0024] In this invention, it should also be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive and distinguishing purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] like Figure 1-4As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption, comprising an energy-absorbing plate 1, a first collision protection plate 21, a second collision protection plate 22, an upper rotating gear cylinder 3, a lower rotating gear cylinder 4, and an end-face gear 6. The upper rotating gear cylinder 3 and the lower rotating gear cylinder 4 are respectively fitted onto the surface of the protected support column 20 and can rotate freely relative to the protected support column 20. The end-face gear 6 is mounted on the protected support column 20 via a support shaft 8 and is located between the upper rotating gear cylinder 3 and the lower rotating gear cylinder 4. The lower edge of the upper rotating gear cylinder 3 and the upper edge of the lower rotating gear cylinder 4 are respectively provided with toothed edges 5 to mesh with the end-face gear 6. At least one set of first protective plates is installed circumferentially on the wall of the upper rotating gear cylinder 3. Each set of first protective plates includes two first collision protective plates 21 arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the wall. At least one set of second protective plates is installed circumferentially on the wall of the lower rotating gear cylinder 4. Each set of second protective plates includes two second collision protective plates 22 arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the wall. The first collision protective plates 21 and the second collision protective plates 22 are staggered along the circumferential direction of the wall. The energy-absorbing plate 1 is fitted onto the outer ring of the upper rotating gear cylinder 3 and the lower rotating gear cylinder 4. The energy-absorbing plate 1 has corresponding mounting grooves 11 for the first collision protective plates 21 and the second collision protective plates 22 to extend out, so that the energy-absorbing plate 1 is mounted on the collision protective plate for easy replacement later.

[0026] The aforementioned collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption can be used for the protection of floating wind turbines or bridge piers. Taking the protection of floating wind turbines as an example, its working principle is as follows: When a ship passes by a floating wind turbine and its bow collides with the turbine, the energy-absorbing plate 1 contacts the hull and is compressed, causing the material to deform and achieving radial energy absorption. In addition, when the bow contacts any collision protection plate, the collision protection plate drives the rotating gear cylinder connected to it to rotate, thereby guiding the hull's velocity direction to change. At the same time, after the collision protection plate drives the rotating gear cylinder connected to it to rotate, the end face gear 6 meshing with the rotating gear cylinder then rotates, causing the other rotating gear cylinder to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby driving the collision protection plate connected to the other rotating gear cylinder to rotate. Therefore, the two sets of collision protection plates rotate in opposite directions, and the energy-absorbing plate 1 between the plates is compressed or stretched, deforming and absorbing part of the collision energy, thus achieving circumferential energy absorption. After the collision protection device completes one collision protection and energy absorption operation, the energy-absorbing plate 1 fails and is damaged, waiting for replacement, and the protection work is completed.

[0027] Further optimization involves both the first collision protection plate 21 and the second collision protection plate 22 being made of steel, preferably Q345 high-strength steel. The first collision protection plate 21 is fixedly installed on the upper rotating gear cylinder 3 by welding, and the second collision protection plate 22 is fixedly installed on the lower rotating gear cylinder 4 by welding.

[0028] Further optimization involves the first collision protection plate 21 extending downwards along the axial direction of the protected support column 20 to the outside of the lower rotating gear cylinder 4, but not connected to the lower rotating gear cylinder 4; the second collision protection plate 22 extending upwards along the axial direction of the protected support column 20 to the outside of the upper rotating gear cylinder 3, but not connected to the upper rotating gear cylinder 3. That is, all collision protection plates have the same height and length, facilitating the modular manufacturing and rapid installation of the energy-absorbing plate 1.

[0029] Further optimization involves using a lightweight, porous metal material for the energy-absorbing panel 1. This type of material is characterized by its low density and excellent energy absorption performance. Aluminum honeycomb material, known for its superior energy absorption, is preferred.

[0030] Further optimization involves adopting a cylindrical structure for the energy-absorbing plate 1, while the first collision protection plate 21 and the second collision protection plate 22 are plate-shaped structures. To facilitate future maintenance and replacement and save costs, the energy-absorbing plate 1 is a cylindrical structure assembled from multiple energy-absorbing plate 1 modules.

[0031] In a further optimization, several end face gears 6 are arranged circumferentially along the protected support column 20. Each end face gear 6 is rotatably mounted on a corresponding support shaft 8 via a bearing 7, and one end of the support shaft 8 is fixed to the protected support column 20. In this embodiment, four end face gears are evenly arranged circumferentially.

[0032] Further optimization involves providing a groove 201 on the protected support column 20 corresponding to the installation position of the support shaft 8. One end of the support shaft 8 is inserted into the groove 201 and welded to the protected support column 20.

[0033] Further optimization involves installing n sets of first protective plates along the circumferential direction on the wall of the upper rotating gear cylinder 3, and installing n sets of second protective plates along the circumferential direction on the wall of the lower rotating gear cylinder 4. Adjacent first collision protective plates 21 and second collision protective plates 22 are distributed in a 360° / 4n pattern, where n ≥ 1. In this embodiment, n = 1, meaning that the two first collision protective plates 21 and the two second collision protective plates 22 are staggered along the circumferential direction.

[0034] The effectiveness of this invention will be verified from the perspective of theoretical analysis below.

[0035] Assuming that a ship collides with the first collision protection plate 21 in the collision protection device when passing the floating wind turbine, the first collision protection plate 21 rotates, thereby driving the upper rotating gear cylinder 3 to rotate clockwise. The upper rotating gear cylinder 3 further drives the end face gear 6 to rotate, thereby driving the lower rotating gear cylinder 4 and the second collision protection plate 22 to rotate counterclockwise. That is, the adjacent first collision protection plates 21 and second collision protection plates 22 on the upper and lower rotating gear cylinders rotate towards each other, causing the inter-plate energy-absorbing plate 1 to be compressed. At the same time, the other two adjacent first collision protection plates 21 and second collision protection plates 22 rotate away from each other, causing the inter-plate energy-absorbing plate 1 to be stretched, thereby absorbing part of the collision energy and achieving a circumferential energy absorption protection effect.

[0036] Energy absorption analysis of collision protection devices: The formula for calculating the energy Ea absorbed by energy-absorbing panel 1 (taking aluminum honeycomb material as an example) during compression is:

[0037] In the formula, V represents the compressed volume, and e is the strain energy per unit volume.

[0038] From the stress-strain curve of aluminum honeycomb material, we know that:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, σ is the stress per unit volume, ε is the strain per unit volume, h is the height of the aluminum honeycomb material, and s is the bottom area of ​​the aluminum honeycomb material.

[0041] Therefore, for aluminum honeycomb materials, 'e' is constant, and thus the amount of energy absorbed by the aluminum honeycomb material is directly proportional to the compressed volume. During a collision between a ship and a floating wind turbine, the following general rule applies: the ship's kinetic energy Ek ultimately becomes three parts: the energy Ea absorbed by the protective device, the energy Eb absorbed by the damage to the floating wind turbine, and the energy Ec absorbed by the plastic deformation of the ship's structure. It is easy to see that the more energy the protective device absorbs, the less damage is done to the floating wind turbine and the ship, and the better the protective effect of the device. In this example, it is assumed that the ordinary floating wind turbine protective device and the floating wind turbine protective device of this invention use the same aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing plate 1, and the ordinary floating wind turbine protective device only wraps one layer of energy-absorbing plate 1 around the floating wind turbine.

[0042] Let the height h of the protective device be 2m, the inner diameter be 4m, and the outer diameter be 6m, meaning the thickness d of the aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing panel 1 is 1m. For example... Figure 5 When the ship collides with the protective device of a conventional floating wind turbine, the shaded area represents the compressed volume V1 of the aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing panel 1.

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, S 三角 A top view of aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing panel 1 ( Figure 5 The area that is compressed in ).

[0046] When a ship collides with the floating wind turbine protection device of this invention, assuming the ship collides with the collision protection plates in the device, each plate rotates to the corresponding dotted line position, with a rotation angle of 15°. The top views before and after material compression are shown below. Figure 6 (a) Figure 6As shown in (b), the shaded area represents the energy absorption volume V2 of the aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing panel 1. It can be seen that V2 includes the volume V2a of the circumferential stretching or compression of the energy-absorbing panel 1 and the concave volume V2b.

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Then we have:

[0051] Therefore, the energy absorption effect of the protective device of the present invention is about 5.3 times that of ordinary floating wind turbines. The use of the floating wind turbine protective device of the present invention can greatly alleviate the problem of low energy absorption efficiency of current protective devices.

[0052] The effectiveness of this invention will be verified from a simulation perspective.

[0053] The collision process between a ship and a traditional protective device, as well as the bidirectional energy absorption-based collision protection device of this invention, was simulated using the large-scale finite element analysis software ABAQUS. For example... Figure 7 As shown in (a), the geometric model parameters are: inner diameter D1 = 80 mm, outer diameter D2 = 100 mm; height H = 100 mm for both protective devices; as follows: Figure 7 As shown in (b), the cross-sectional length of the collision protection plate is L=15mm, the cross-sectional width is B=10mm, and the punch diameter is D=50mm.

[0054] The energy-absorbing panel is made of aluminum honeycomb material with a density of 500 kg / m³. 3 The Young's modulus is 0.232 GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.1, and the values ​​of the stress-strain curve in the plastic stage are shown in Table 1; the punch is a rigid body and no material properties need to be set. Figure 8 As shown in (a), the traditional protective device structure consists of an energy-absorbing plate fixed around the support column, with a global grid size of 2mm and a punch grid size of 3mm. For example... Figure 8 As shown in (b), the collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption in this invention is fixed around the support column. The global grid size of the dividing device is 2mm, and the grid size of the punch is 3mm.

[0055] Table 1 Simulation material parameters

[0056] The upper and lower surfaces of the two protective devices used in the simulation experiment were completely fixed. The punch mass was 12.5 kg, Vx = 5 m / s, Vy = 3.1 m / s. Abaqus finite element analysis was performed, and the results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0057] According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy of a system remains constant regardless of its motion. During the collision between a ship and a floating wind turbine, the entire system obeys the law of conservation of energy. As collisions occur between the various subsystems, energy is also transferred and converted within each subsystem. Therefore, the reliability of the calculation results can be judged by the trends in the total energy of the system and the energy changes of each subsystem.

[0058] Calculations of energy changes under the simulated collision conditions between a ship and a floating wind turbine show that adding a collision protection plate results in greater energy absorption within the same timeframe during the collision: Without the collision protection plate, the structure absorbs 24.4 J of energy upon impact; with the plate added, the absorption reaches 54.6 J. As the collision occurs, both the ship and the floating wind turbine deform, converting kinetic energy into internal energy. The kinetic energy decreases while the internal energy increases, primarily due to the deformation energy of the ship. Figure 9 It can be seen that the addition of the collision protection plate absorbs more deformation energy of the ship, with an energy absorption increase of 123.9% (this simulation only verified the energy absorption effect produced by the compression of the energy-absorbing plate by a single collision protection plate when it rotates), which verifies the feasibility of the protective device of the present invention.

[0059] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of the operation of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0060] The order of the steps in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0061] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption, characterized in that, It includes an energy-absorbing plate, a first collision protection plate, a second collision protection plate, an upper rotating gear cylinder, a lower rotating gear cylinder, and an end face gear; The upper rotating gear cylinder and the lower rotating gear cylinder are respectively fitted onto the surface of the protected support column and can rotate freely relative to the protected support column; the end face gear is mounted on the protected support column through a support shaft and is located between the upper rotating gear cylinder and the lower rotating gear cylinder. The lower cylinder edge of the upper rotating gear cylinder and the upper cylinder edge of the lower rotating gear cylinder are respectively provided with toothed edges to mesh with the end face gear. The upper rotating gear cylinder has at least one set of first protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall, each set of first protective plates including two first collision protective plates arranged opposite each other on both sides of the cylinder wall; the lower rotating gear cylinder has at least one set of second protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall, each set of second protective plates including two second collision protective plates arranged opposite each other on both sides of the cylinder wall; and the first collision protective plates and the second collision protective plates are staggered along the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall; the first collision protective plates extend downward along the axial direction of the protected support to the outside of the lower rotating gear cylinder but are not connected to the lower rotating gear cylinder; the second collision protective plates extend upward along the axial direction of the protected support to the outside of the upper rotating gear cylinder but are not connected to the upper rotating gear cylinder; The energy-absorbing plate is fitted onto the outer ring of the upper and lower rotating gear cylinders, and the energy-absorbing plate is provided with mounting grooves for the first and second collision protection plates to extend out, so that the energy-absorbing plate is mounted on the collision protection plate.

2. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second collision protection plates are made of steel; the first collision protection plate is fixedly installed on the upper rotating gear cylinder by welding, and the second collision protection plate is fixedly installed on the lower rotating gear cylinder by welding.

3. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second collision protection plates have the same height and length.

4. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing plate is made of lightweight, porous metal.

5. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing plate has a cylindrical structure, while the first and second collision protection plates have plate-like structures.

6. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing panel is a cylindrical structure assembled from multiple energy-absorbing panel modules.

7. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several end face gears are arranged along the circumference of the protected support column. Each end face gear is rotatably mounted on a corresponding support shaft via a bearing. One end of the support shaft is fixed to the protected support column.

8. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protected support column has a groove at the installation position of the support shaft. One end of the support shaft is inserted into the groove and welded to the protected support column.

9. The collision protection device based on bidirectional energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper rotating gear cylinder has n sets of first protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall, and the lower rotating gear cylinder has n sets of second protective plates installed circumferentially on its cylinder wall. The adjacent first collision protective plates and second collision protective plates are distributed in a 360° / 4n pattern, where n≥1.

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